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Yu-Lin Zhong,1,* Rui-Yang Hu,2,* Yuan-Zhi He,3 Xiao-Tong Li,3 Zi-Cong Li,4 Xin Huang1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 3Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zi-Cong Li, Department of radiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 152, Ai Guo Road, Dong Hu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China, Email 39652858@qq.com Xin Huang, Department of ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 152, Ai Guo Road, Dong Hu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15879215294, Email 334966891@qq.comBackground: This study aims to explore changes in white matter function and network connectivity in individuals with DR.Methods: This study included 46 patients with DR and 43 age- and gender-matched healthy control (HC) participants were enrolled in the study. The aim was to investigate inter-group differences in white matter (WM) function and to analyze changes in the WM network among DR patients.Results: Increased degree centrality (DC) values were observed in the middle cerebellar peduncle and genu of the corpus callosum, while higher fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) values were found in the left superior corona radiata, right anterior corona radiata, and right superior longitudinal fasciculus. Conversely, reduced regional homogeneity (ReHo) values were noted in the left posterior thalamic radiation among patients with DR compared to HC, with statistical correction applied The SVM classification accuracy for distinguishing between DR and HC patients based on WM measures indicated values of 81.52%, 80.43%, and 89.13% for DC, fALFF, and ReHo, respectively, with respective area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.87, 0.85, and 0.93. Furthermore, alterations were detected within specific brain regions including the body of corpus callosum (BCC), splenium of corpus callosum (SCC), genu of corpus callosum (GCC), left posterior thalamic radiation (PTR), right anterior corona radiata (ACR), and right posterior corona radiata (PCR) in the DR group compared to HCs, with an intra-network decrease in connectivity. Interestingly, the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) within the DR group exhibited an intra-network increase compared to the HC group.Conclusion: DR exhibited abnormal white matter functional alterations, particularly affecting the fiber pathways linking the visual network to the sensory-motor network.Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, degree centrality, DC, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, fALFF, regional homogeneity, ReHo, independent component analysis, ICA

Ri-Bo Chen,1,&ast; Mei-Yi Zhong,2,&ast; Yu-Lin Zhong3 1Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 2The First Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yu-Lin Zhong, Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 152, Ai Guo Road, Dong Hu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15970475954, Email 804722489@qq.comBackground: Accumulating studies have revealed altered brain function and structure in regions linked to sensory, pain and emotion in individuals with primary dysmenorrhea (PD). However, the changes in the topological properties of the brain’s functional connectome in patients with PD experiencing chronic pain remain poorly understood.Purpose: Our study aimed to explore the mechanism of functional brain network impairment in individuals withPD through a graph-theoretic analysis.Material and Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial that included individuals with PD and healthy controls (HC) from June 2021 to June 2022. The experiment took place in the magnetic resonance imaging facility at Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital. Static MRI scans were conducted on 23 female patients with PD and 23 healthy female controls. A two-sample t-test was conducted to compare the global and nodal indices between the two groups, while the Network-Based Statistics (NBS) method was utilized to explore the functional connectivity alterations between the groups.Results: In the global index, The PD group exhibited decreased Sigma (p = 0.0432) and Gamma (p = 0.0470) compared to the HC group among the small-world network properties.(p< 0.05) In the nodal index, the PD group displayed reduced betweenness centrality and increased degree centrality in the default mode network (DMN), along with decreased nodal efficiency and increased degree centrality in the visual network (VN). (P < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected) Furthermore, in the connection analysis, PD patients showed altered functional connectivity in the basal ganglia network (BGN), VN, and DMN.(NBS corrected).Conclusion: Our results indicate that individuals with PD showed abnormal brain network efficiency and abnormal connection within DMN, VN and BGN related to pain matrix. These findings have important references for understanding the neural mechanism of pain in PD.Keywords: primary dysmenorrhea, graph theory, functional connectivity, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging

Yu-Lin Zhong,1,&ast; Rui-Yang Hu,2,&ast; Xin Huang1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xin Huang, Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 152, Ai Guo Road, Dong Hu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15879215294, Email 334966891@qq.comBackground: Previous imaging studies have demonstrated that diabetic retinopathy (DR) is linked to structural and functional abnormalities in the brain. However, the extent to which DR patients exhibit abnormal neurovascular coupling remains largely unknown.Methods: Thirty-one patients with DR and 31 sex- and age-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to calculate functional connectivity strength (FCS) and arterial spin-labeling imaging (ASL) to calculate cerebral blood flow (CBF). The study compared CBF-FCS coupling across the entire grey matter and CBF/FCS ratios (representing blood supply per unit of connectivity strength) per voxel between the two groups. Additionally, a support vector machine (SVM) method was employed to differentiate between diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients and healthy controls (HC).Results: In DRpatients compared to healthy controls, there was a reduction in CBF-FCS coupling across the entire grey matter. Specifically, DR patients exhibited elevated CBF/FCS ratios primarily in the primary visual cortex, including the right calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex. On the other hand, reduced CBF/FCS ratios were mainly observed in premotor and supplementary motor areas, including the left middle frontal gyrus.Conclusion: An elevated CBF/FCS ratio suggests that patients with DR may have a reduced volume of gray matter in the brain. A decrease in its ratio indicates a decrease in regional CBF in patients with DR. These findings suggest that neurovascular decoupling in the visual cortex, as well as in the supplementary motor and frontal gyrus, may represent a neuropathological mechanism in diabetic retinopathy.Keywords: neurovascular coupling, diabetic retinopathy, arterial spin labelling, cerebral blood flow, functional connectivity strength, resting-state, SVM

Qiu-Yu Tang,1,&ast; Yu-Lin Zhong,2,&ast; Xin-Miao Wang,3,&ast; Bing-Lin Huang,1 Wei-Guo Qin,4 Xin Huang2 1College of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi, 330004, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The 908th Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force’, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xin Huang, Department of ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 152, Ai Guo Road, Dong Hu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15879215294, Email 334966891@qq.comObjective: Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is a globally prevalent, irreversible eye disease leading to blindness. Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that PACG patients were associated with gray matter function changes. However, whether the white matter(WM) function changes in PACG patients remains unknown. The purpose of the study is to investigate WM function changes in the PACG patients.Methods: In total, 40 PACG patients and 40 well-matched HCs participated in our study and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans. We compared between-group differences between PACG patients and HC in the WM function using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF). In addition, the SVM method was applied to the construction of the PACG classification model.Results: Compared with the HC group, ALFF was attenuated in right posterior thalamic radiation (include optic radiation), splenium of corpus callosum, and left tapetum in the PACG group, the results are statistically significant (GRF correction, voxel-level P < 0.001, cluster-level P < 0.05). Furthermore, the SVM classification had an accuracy of 80.0% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 for distinguishing patients with PACG from HC.Conclusion: The findings of our study uncover abnormal WM functional alterations in PACG patients and mainly involves vision-related regions. These findings provide new insights into widespread brain damage in PACG from an alternative WM functional perspective.Keywords: primary angle-closure glaucoma, amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, white matter, support vector machine

Si-Jie Yi,1,&ast; Ri-Bo Chen,2,&ast; Yu-Lin Zhong,3 Xin Huang3 1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xin Huang, Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 152, Ai Guo Road, Dong Hu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15879215294, Email 2017103020035@whu.edu.cnPurpose: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common gynecological disease, characterized by crampy and suprapubic pain occurring with menses. Growing evidences demonstrated that PD patients were associated with abnormalities in brain function and structure. However, little is known regarding whether the large-scale brain network changes in PD patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term menstrual pain on large-scale brain network in PD patients using independent component analysis (ICA) method.Methods: Twenty-eight PD patients (female, mean age, 24.25± 1.00 years) and twenty-eight healthy controls (HCs) (mean age, 24.46± 1.31 years), closely matched for age, sex, and education, underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging scans. ICA was applied to extract the resting-state networks (RSNs) in two groups. Then, two-sample t-tests were conducted to investigate different intranetwork FCs within RSNs and interactions among RSNs between two groups.Results: Compared to the HC group, PD patients showed significant increased intra-network FCs within the auditory network (AN), sensorimotor network (SMN), right executive control network (RECN). However, PD patients showed significant decreased intra-network FCs within ventral default mode network (vDMN) and salience network (SN). Moreover, FNC analysis showed increased VN-AN and decreased VN-SMN functional connectivity between two groups.Conclusion: Our study highlighted that PD patients had abnormal brain networks related to auditory, sensorimotor and higher cognitive network. Our results offer important insights into the altered large-scale brain network neural mechanisms of pain in PD patients.Keywords: primary dysmenorrhea, independent component analysis, resting-state networks

Shao-Gao Gui,1,2,&ast; Ri-Bo Chen,2,&ast; Yu-Lin Zhong,1 Xin Huang1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xin HuangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, No. 152, Ai Guo Road, Dong Hu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 15879215294Email 334966891@qq.comBackground: Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that patients with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) exhibited dysfunctional resting-state brain activity. However, alterations of dynamic brain activity in PD patients have not been fully characterized.Purpose: Our study aimed to assess the effect of long-term menstrual pain on changes in static and dynamic neural activity in PD patients.Material and Methods: Twenty-eight PD patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging scans. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and dynamic ALFF was used as classification features in a machine learning approach involving a support vector machine (SVM) classifier.Results: Compared with the HC group, PD patients showed significantly increased ALFF values in the right cerebellum_crus2, right rectus, left supplementary motor area, right superior frontal gyrus, right supplementary motor area, and left superior frontal medial gyrus. Additionally, PD patients showed significantly decreased ALFF values in the right middle temporal gyrus and left thalamus. PD patients also showed significantly increased dALFF values in the right fusiform, Vermis_10, right middle temporal gyrus, right putamen, right insula, left thalamus, right precentral gyrus, and right postcentral gyrus. Based on ALFF and dALFF values, the SVM classifier achieved respective overall accuracies of 96.36% and 85.45% and respective areas under the curve of 1.0 and 0.95.Conclusion: PD patients demonstrated abnormal static and dynamic brain activities that involved the default mode network, sensorimotor network, and pain-related subcortical nuclei. Moreover, ALFF and dALFF may offer sensitive biomarkers for distinguishing patients with PD from HCs.Keywords: primary dysmenorrhea, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, support vector machine

Xin Huang,1,2,* Fu-Qing Zhou,3,* Yu-Xiang Hu,1 Xiao-Xuan Xu,1 Xiong Zhou,4 Yu-Lin Zhong,1 Jun Wang,4 Xiao-Rong Wu1 1Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 2Department of Ophthalmology, The First People’s Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang, 3Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute, 4Second Department of Respiratory Disease, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Objective: Many previous reports have demonstrated significant neural anatomy changes in the brain of high myopic (HM) patients, whereas the spontaneous brain activity changes in the HM patients at rest are not well studied. Our objective was to use amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method to investigate the changes in spontaneous brain activity in HM patients and their relationships with clinical features. Methods: A total of 38 patients with HM (17 males and 21 females) and 38 healthy controls (HCs) (17 males and 21 females) closely matched in age, sex, and education underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The ALFF method was used to assess local features of spontaneous brain activity. The relationship between the mean ALFF signal values in many brain regions and the clinical features in HM patients was calculated by correlation analysis. Results: Compared with HCs, the HM patients had significantly lower ALFF in the right inferior and middle temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus/putamen, right inferior frontal gyrus/putamen/insula, right middle frontal gyrus, and right inferior parietal lobule and higher ALFF values in the bilateral midcingulate cortex, left postcentral gyrus, and left precuneus/inferior parietal lobule. However, no relationship was found between the mean ALFF signal values of the different areas and the clinical manifestations in HM. Conclusion: The HM patients were affected with brain dysfunction in many regions, which may indicate the presence of neurobiological changes involving deficits in language understanding and attentional control in HM patients. Keywords: ALFF, high myopic, resting state, functional magnetic resonance imaging

Gang Tan,1,2,* Xin Huang,1,3,* Lei Ye,1 An-Hua Wu,2 Li-Xian He,2 Yu-Lin Zhong,1 Nan Jiang,1 Fu-Qing Zhou,4 Yi Shao1 1Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 2Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 3Department of Ophthalmology, The First People’s Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang, 4Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate altered spontaneous brain activities in patients with unilateral acute open globe injury (OGI) using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method and its relationship with their clinical manifestations.Patients and methods: A total of 18 patients with acute OGI (16 males and two females) and 18 healthy controls (HCs, 16 males and two females) closely matched in age, sex, and education were recruited in this study. The ALFF method was used to evaluate the altered spontaneous brain activities. The relationships between the mean ALFF signal values of different brain regions and the clinical features were evaluated by correlation analysis. Acute OGI patients were distinguished from HCs by receiver operating characteristic curve.Results: Compared with HCs, acute OGI patients had significantly higher ALFF values in the left cuneus, left middle cingulum cortex, and bilateral precuneus. Furthermore, the age of OGI patients showed a negative correlation with the ALFF signal value of the left middle cingulum cortex (r=-0.557, P=0.016) and a negative correlation with the mean ALFF signal value of the bilateral precuneus (r=-0.746, P

Xin Huang,1,2,* Hai-Jun Li,3,* Lei Ye,1 Ying Zhang,1 Rong Wei,1 Yu-Lin Zhong,1 De-Chang Peng,3 Yi Shao1 1Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 2Department of Ophthalmology, The First People’s Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang, 3Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Objective: To investigate the underlying regional homogeneity (ReHo) brain activity changes in patients with unilateral acute open-globe injury (OGI) and their relationship with their clinical features. Patients and methods: In total, 18 patients with acute OGI (16 males and two females) and 18 healthy controls (HCs; 16 males and two females) closely matched in age, sex, and education status participated in the study. Each subject underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The ReHo method was used to assess local features of spontaneous brain activity. Receiver–operating characteristic curve was used to distinguish OGIs from HCs. The nonparametric statistical analysis was used to explore the relationship between the observed mean ReHo values of the different brain areas and the behavioral performance. Results: Compared with HCs, acute OGI patients had significantly increased ReHo values in the right cerebellum posterior lobe/lingual gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus/inferior frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, left posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, and left precentral operculum. However, there was no relationship between the observed mean ReHo values of the different brain areas and the behavioral performance. Conclusion: Acute OGI may cause dysfunction in many brain regions, which may reflect the underlying pathologic mechanisms of acute vision loss in OGI patients. Keywords: open-globe injury, ReHo, functional magnetic resonance imaging, resting state

Xin Huang,1,2,* Hai-Jun Li,3,* Ying Zhang,1 De-Chang Peng,3 Pei-Hong Hu,1 Yu-Lin Zhong,1 Fu-Qing Zhou,3 Yi Shao1 1Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 2Department of Ophthalmology, The First People’s Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang, 3Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this work Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) using a diffusion tensor imaging technique and whole-brain voxel-based analysis in patients with comitant strabismus.Patients and methods: A total of 19 (nine males and ten females) patients with comitant strabismus and 19 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination. Imaging data were analyzed using two-sample t-tests to identify group differences in FA and MD values. Patients with comitant strabismus were distinguishable from HCs by receiver operating characteristic curves.Results: Compared with HCs, patients with comitant strabismus exhibited significantly decreased FA values in the brain regions of the left superior temporal gyrus and increased values in the bilateral medial frontal gyrus, right globus pallidus/brainstem, and bilateral precuneus. Meanwhile, MD value was significantly reduced in the brain regions of the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe and left middle frontal gyrus but increased in the brain regions of the right middle frontal gyrus and left anterior cingulate.Conclusion: These results suggest significant brain abnormalities in comitant strabismus, which may underlie the pathologic mechanisms of fusion defects and ocular motility disorders in patients with comitant strabismus. Keywords: comitant strabismus, diffusion tensor imaging, mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, resting state

Xin Huang,1,2,* Sheng-Hong Li,3,* Fu-Qing Zhou,3 Ying Zhang,1 Yu-Lin Zhong,1 Feng-Qin Cai,3 Yi Shao,1 Xian-Jun Zeng3 1Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute and Oculopathy Research Centre, Nanchang, 2Department of Ophthalmology, The First People’s Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang, 3Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Objective: To investigate the underlying regional homogeneity (ReHo) of brain-activity abnormalities in patients with comitant strabismus (CS) and their relationship with behavioral performance.Methods: Twenty patients with CS (ten men and ten women) and 20 (ten men and ten women) age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The ReHo method was used to assess local features of spontaneous brain activities. Patients with CS were distinguished from HCs by receiver operating characteristic curve. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between the observed mean ReHo values of the different brain areas and behavioral performance.Results: Compared to HCs, the patients with CS showed significantly increased ReHo values in the right inferior temporal cortex/fusiform gyrus/cerebellum anterior lobe, right lingual gyrus, and bilateral cingulate gyrus. We did not find any relationship between the observed mean ReHo values of the different brain areas and behavioral performance.Conclusion: CS causes dysfunction in many brain regions, which may explain the fusion compensation in CS. Keywords: comitant strabismus, regional homogeneity, functional magnetic resonance imaging, resting state

Gang Tan,1,2,* Xin Huang,1,3,* Ying Zhang,1 An-Hua Wu,2 Yu-Lin Zhong,1 Kai Wu,2 Fu-Qing Zhou,4 Yi Shao1 1Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute and Oculopathy Research Centre, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 2Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 3Department of Ophthalmology, The First People’s Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang, 4Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Objective: The aim of this study was to use amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) to investigate local features of spontaneous brain activity in patients with congenital comitant strabismus and clarify their relationship with emotional and psychosocial problems. Methods: A total of 20 patients with congenital comitant strabismus (ten males and ten females), and 20 healthy controls (ten males and ten females) closely matched in age, sex, and education underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The ALFF method was used to assess local features of spontaneous brain activity. Congenital comitant strabismus patients were distinguished from healthy controls by receiver operating characteristic curve. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationships between the observed mean ALFF signal values of the different areas and the Chinese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: Compared with healthy controls, patients with congenital comitant strabismus had significantly lower ALFF in the bilateral medialfrontal gyrus and higher values in the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe and left angular gyrus. In the congenital comitant strabismus group, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression score showed a negative correlation with the ALFF signal values of the bilateral medial frontal gyrus (r=-0.550, P=0.012) and a negative correlation was noted between the mean ALFF signal values of the left angular gyrus and strabismus duration (r=-0.515, P=0.020). Conclusion: Congenital comitant strabismus mainly involves dysfunction in the bilateral medial frontal gyrus, bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe, and left angular gyrus, which may reflect the underlying pathologic mechanism of congenital strabismus. Keywords: ALFF, congenital comitant strabismus, resting state, spontaneous activity, anxiety and depression

Xin Huang,1,2,* Feng-Qin Cai,3,* Pei-Hong Hu,1 Yu-Lin Zhong,1 Ying Zhang,1 Rong Wei,1 Chong-Gang Pei,1 Fu-Qing Zhou,3 Yi Shao1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 2Department of Ophthalmology, First People’s Hospital of Jiujiang, Jiujiang, 3Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Objective: To use the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) technique to investigate the local features of spontaneous brain activity in optic neuritis (ON) and their relationship with behavioral performance.Materials and methods: Twelve patients with ON (four male, eight female) and twelve age-, sex-, and education status-matched healthy controls (HCs) (four male, eight female) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans. The ALFF technique was used to assess local features of spontaneous brain activity. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between the observed mean ALFF values of the different areas and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in patients with ON.Results: Compared with HCs, patients with ON had significantly decreased ALFF values in the posterior and anterior lobes of the right cerebellum, right putamen, right inferior frontal gyrus, right insula, right supramarginal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule, left medial frontal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, bilateral anterior cingulate/medial frontal gyrus, and bilateral precuneus, and significantly increased ALFF values in the posterior lobes of the left and right cerebellum, right inferior temporal gyrus, right inferior temporal/fusiform gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, left calcarine fissure, left inferior parietal lobule, and left cuneus. We found negative correlations between the mean ALFF signal value of the left parahippocampal gyrus and the VEP amplitude of the right eye in ON (r=-0.584, P=0.046), and a positive correlation between the mean ALFF signal value of the bilateral precuneus and the best-corrected visual acuity of the left eye (r=0.579, P=0.048) in patients with ON.Conclusion: ON mainly seems to involve dysfunction in the default-mode network, cerebellum, and limbic system, which may reflect the underlying pathologic mechanism of ON. Keywords: ALFF, fMRI, optic neuritis, resting state, spontaneous activity, visual evoked potential

Yi Shao,1,* Feng-Qin Cai,2,* Yu-Lin Zhong,1 Xin Huang,1,3 Ying Zhang,1 Pei-Hong Hu,1 Chong-Gang Pei,1 Fu-Qing Zhou,2 Xian-Jun Zeng2 1Department of Ophthalmology, 2Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 3Department of Ophthalmology, First People’s Hospital of Jiujiang, Jiujiang, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Objective: To investigate the underlying regional homogeneity (ReHo) in brain-activity deficit in patients with optic neuritis (ON) and its relationship with behavioral performance.Materials and methods: In total, twelve patients with ON (four males and eight females) and twelve (four males and eight females) age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The ReHo method was used to assess the local features of spontaneous brain activity. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between the observed mean ReHo values of the different brain areas and the visual evoked potential (VEP) in patients with ON.Results: Compared with the healthy controls, patients with ON showed lower ReHo in the left cerebellum, posterior lobe, left middle temporal gyrus, right insula, right superior temporal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, left superior frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, and right precentral gyrus, and higher ReHo in the cluster of the left fusiform gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule. Meanwhile, we found that the VEP amplitude of the right eye in patients with ON showed a positive correlation with the ReHo signal value of the left cerebellum posterior lobe (r=0.701, P=0.011), the right superior frontal gyrus (r=0.731, P=0.007), and the left fusiform gyrus (r=0.644, P=0.024). We also found that the VEP latency of the right eye in ON showed a positive correlation with the ReHo signal value of the right insula (r=0.595, P=0.041).Conclusion: ON may involve dysfunction in the default-mode network, which may reflect the underlying pathologic mechanism. Keywords: optic neuritis, regional homogeneity, rs-fMRI, visual evoked potential

Xin Huang,1,* Yu-Lin Zhong,1,* Xian-Jun Zeng,2 Fuqing Zhou,2 Xin-Hua Liu,1 Pei-Hong Hu,1 Chong-Gang Pei,1 Yi Shao,1 Xi-Jian Dai21Department of Ophthalmology, 2Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workObjective: The aim of this study is to use amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) as a method to explore the local features of spontaneous brain activity in patients with primary angle -closure glaucoma (PACG) and ALFFs relationship with the behavioral performances.Methods: A total of twenty one patients with PACG (eight males and 13 females), and twenty one healthy subjects (nine males and twelve females) closely matched in age, sex, and education, each underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The ALFF method was used to assess the local features of spontaneous brain activity. The correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships between the observed mean ALFF signal values of the different areas in PACG patients and the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Results: Compared with the healthy subjects, patients with PACG had significant lower ALFF areas in the left precentral gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, right precuneus, and right angular gyrus, and higher areas in the right precentral gyrus. In the PACG group, there were significant negative correlations between the mean ALFF signal value of the right middle frontal gyrus and the left mean RNFL thickness (r=-0.487, P=0.033), and between the mean ALFF signal value of the left middle frontal gyrus and the right mean RNFL thickness (r=-0.504, P=0.020). Conclusion: PACG mainly involved in the dysfunction in the frontal lobe, which may reflect the underlying pathologic mechanism of PACG.Keywords: angle-closure glaucoma, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, functional magnetic resonance imaging, resting state, spontaneous activity, retinal nerve fiber layer

Objective: To create a 3-dimensional finite element model of knee ligaments and to analyse the stress changes of lateral collateral ligament (LCL) with or without displaced movements at different knee flexion conditions.Methods: A four-major-ligament contained knee specimen from an adult died of skull injury was prepared for CT scanning with the detectable ligament insertion footprints, locations and orientations precisely marked in advance. The CT scanning images were converted to a 3-dimensional model of the knee with the 3-dimensional reconstruction technique and transformed into finite element model by the software of ANSYS. The model was validated using experimental and numerical results obtained by other scientists. The natural stress changes of LCL at five different knee flexion angles (0 degree, 30 degree, 60 degree, 90 degree, 120 degree) and under various motions of anterior-posterior tibial translation, tibial varus rotation and internal-external tibial rotation were measured.Results: The maximum stress reached to 87%-113% versus natural stress in varus motion at early 30 degree of knee flexions. The stress values were smaller than the peak value of natural stress at 0 degree (knee full extension) when knee bending was over 60 degree of flexion in anterior-posterior tibial translation and internal-external rotation.Conclusion: LCL is vulnerable to varus motion in almost all knee bending positions and susceptible to anterior-posterior tibial translation or internal-external rotation at early 30 degree of knee flexions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is a severe and irreversible blinding eye disease characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell death. However, prior research has predominantly focused on static brain activity changes, neglecting the exploration of how PACG impacts the dynamic characteristics of functional brain networks. This study enrolled forty-four patients diagnosed with PACG and forty-four age, gender, and education level-matched healthy controls (HCs). The study employed Independent Component Analysis (ICA) techniques to extract resting-state networks (RSNs) from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data. Subsequently, the RSNs was utilized as the basis for examining and comparing the functional connectivity variations within and between the two groups of resting-state networks. To further explore, a combination of sliding time window and k-means cluster analyses identified seven stable and repetitive dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) states. This approach facilitated the comparison of dynamic functional network connectivity and temporal metrics between PACG patients and HCs for each state. Subsequently, a support vector machine (SVM) model leveraging functional connectivity (FC) and FNC was applied to differentiate PACG patients from HCs. Our study underscores the presence of modified functional connectivity within large-scale brain networks and abnormalities in dynamic temporal metrics among PACG patients. By elucidating the impact of changes in large-scale brain networks on disease evolution, researchers may enhance the development of targeted therapies and interventions to preserve vision and cognitive function in PACG., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 International Brain Research Organization (IBRO). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Bulk black phosphorous (bP) exhibits excellent infrared (IR) optoelectronic properties, but most reported bP IR photodetectors are fabricated from single exfoliated flakes with lateral sizes of < 100 µm. Here, scalable thin films of bP suitable for IR photodetector arrays are realized through a tailored solution-deposition method. The properties of the bP film and their protective capping layers are optimized to fabricate bP IR photoconductors exhibiting specific detectivities up to 4.0 × 10 8  cm Hz 1/2 W -1 with fast 30/60 µs rise/fall times under λ = 2.2 µm illumination. The scalability of the bP thin film fabrication is demonstrated by fabricating a linear array of 25 bP photodetectors and obtaining 25 × 25 pixel IR images at ≈203 ppi with good spatial fidelity. This research demonstrates a commercially viable method of fabricating scalable bP thin films for optoelectronic devices including room temperature-operable IR photodetector arrays., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Skeletal muscle ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a prevalent condition encountered in clinical practice, characterised by muscular dystrophy. Owing to limited treatment options and poor prognosis, it can lead to movement impairments, tissue damage, and disability. This study aimed to determine and verify the influence of transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) on skeletal muscle IRI, and to explore the role of TRPC6 in the occurrence of skeletal muscle IRI and the signal transduction pathways activated by TRPC6 to provide novel insights for the treatment and intervention of skeletal muscle IRI., Methods: In vivo ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) and in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) models were established, and data were comprehensively analysed at histopathological, cellular, and molecular levels, along with the evaluation of the exercise capacity in mice., Results: By comparing TRPC6 knockout mice with wild-type mice, we found that TRPC6 knockout of TRPC6 could reduced skeletal muscle injury after I/R or H/R, of skeletal muscle, so as therebyto restoringe some exercise capacity inof mice. TRPC6 knockdown can reduced Ca 2+ overload in cells, therebyo reducinge apoptosis. In additionAdditionally, we also found that TRPC6 functionsis not only a key ion channel involved in skeletal muscle I/R injury, but also can affects Ca 2+ levels and then phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signalling pathway. by knocking downTherefore, knockdown of TRPC6, so as to alleviated the injury inducedcaused by skeletal muscle I/R or and H/R., Conclusions: These findingsdata indicate that the presence of TRPC6 exacerbatescan aggravate the injury of skeletal muscle injury after I/Rischemia/reperfusion, leading towhich not only causes Ca 2+ overload and apoptosis., Additionally, it impairsbut also reduces the self- repair ability of cells by inhibiting the expression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. ETo exploringe the function and role of TRPC6 in skeletal muscle maycan presentprovide a novelew approachidea for the treatment of skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Shou-Tian Li reports financial support was provided by The National Natural Science Foundation of China. Shou-Tian Li reports financial support was provided by The Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a prevalent autoimmune disease characterized by ocular symptoms like eyelid retraction and exophthalmos. Prior neuroimaging studies have revealed structural and functional brain abnormalities in TAO patients, along with central nervous system symptoms such as cognitive deficits. Nonetheless, the changes in the static and dynamic functional network connectivity of the brain in TAO patients are currently unknown. This study delved into the modifications in static functional network connectivity (sFNC) and dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) among thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy patients using independent component analysis (ICA)., Methods: Thirty-two patients diagnosed with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and 30 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scanning. ICA method was utilized to extract the sFNC and dFNC changes of both groups., Results: In comparison to the HC group, the TAO group exhibited significantly increased intra-network functional connectivity (FC) in the right inferior temporal gyrus of the executive control network (ECN) and the visual network (VN), along with significantly decreased intra-network FC in the dorsal attentional network (DAN), the default mode network (DMN), and the left middle cingulum of the ECN. On the other hand, FNC analysis revealed substantially reduced connectivity intra- VN and inter- cerebellum network (CN) and high-level cognitive networks (DAN, DMN, and ECN) in the TAO group compared to the HC group. Regarding dFNC, TAO patients displayed abnormal connectivity across all five states, characterized by notably reduced intra-VN connectivity and CN connectivity with high-level cognitive networks (DAN, DMN, and ECN), alongside compensatory increased connectivity between DMN and low-level perceptual networks (VN and basal ganglia network). No significant differences were observed between the two groups for the three dynamic temporal metrics. Furthermore, excluding the classification outcomes of FC within VN (with an accuracy of 51.61% and area under the curve of 0.35208), the FC-based support vector machine (SVM) model demonstrated improved performance in distinguishing between TAO and HC, achieving accuracies ranging from 69.35 to 77.42% and areas under the curve from 0.68229 to 0.81667. The FNC-based SVM classification yielded an accuracy of 61.29% and an area under the curve of 0.57292., Conclusion: In summary, our study revealed that significant alterations in the visual network and high-level cognitive networks. These discoveries contribute to our understanding of the neural mechanisms in individuals with TAO, offering a valuable target for exploring future central nervous system changes in thyroid-associated eye diseases., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The reviewer HL declared a shared affiliation with the author HL to the handling editor at the time of review., (Copyright © 2024 Liu, Zhong and Huang.)

Introduction: This study investigates the role of hypoxia-related genes in the neuroprotective efficacy of Yang Xue oral liquid (YXKFY) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods and results: Using differential expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified 106 and 9 hypoxia-associated genes in AD and PD, respectively, that are implicated in the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. An artificial intelligence-driven hypoxia signature (AIDHS), comprising 17 and 3 genes for AD and PD, was developed and validated across nine independent cohorts ( n = 1713), integrating 10 machine learning algorithms and 113 algorithmic combinations. Significant associations were observed between AIDHS markers and immune cells in AD and PD, including naive CD4 + T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Interactions with miRNAs (hsa-miR-1, hsa-miR-124) and transcription factors (USF1) were also identified. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data highlighted distinct expression patterns of AIDHS genes in various cell types, such as high expression of TGM2 in endothelial cells, PDGFRB in endothelial and mesenchymal cells, and SYK in microglia. YXKFY treatment was shown to repair cellular damage and decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Notably, genes with previously dysfunctional expression, including FKBPL, TGM2, PPIL1, BLVRB, and PDGFRB, exhibited significant recovery after YXKFY treatment, associated with riboflavin and lysicamine. Conclusion: The above genes are suggested to be central to hypoxia and neuroinflammation responses in AD and PD, and are potential key mediators of YXKFY's neuroprotective action., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Chen, Cheng, Tang, Xu, Zhong, Gao, Cheng and Chen.)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-centered chemodynamic therapy (CDT) holds significant potential for tumor-specific treatment. However, insufficient endogenous H 2 O 2 and extra glutathione within tumor microenvironment (TME) severely deteriorate the CDT's effectiveness. Herein, rich-Zn-Co 3 O 4 /N-doped porous carbon (Zn-Co 3 O 4 /NC) was fabricated by two-step pyrolysis, and applied to build high-efficiency nano-platform for synergistic cancer therapy upon combination with glucose oxidase (GOx), labeled Zn-Co 3 O 4 /NC-GOx for clarity. Specifically, the multiple enzyme-like activities of the Zn-Co 3 O 4 /NC were scrutinously investigated, including peroxidase-like activity to convert H 2 O 2 to O 2 ∙- , catalase-like activity to decompose H 2 O 2 into O 2 , and oxidase-like activity to transform O 2 to O 2 ∙- , which achieved the CDT through the catalytic cascade reaction. Simultaneously, GOx reacted with intracellular glucose to produce gluconic acid and H 2 O 2 , realizing starvation therapy. In the acidic TME, the Zn-Co 3 O 4 /NC-GOx rapidly caused intracellular Zn 2+ pool overload and disrupted cellular homeostasis for ion-intervention therapy. Additionally, the Zn-Co 3 O 4 /NC exhibited glutathione peroxidase-like activity, which consumed glutathione in tumor cells and reduced the ROS consumption for ferroptosis. The tumor treatments offer some constructive insights into the nanozyme-mediated catalytic medicine, coupled by avoiding the TME limitations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The electronic properties of 2D materials are highly influenced by the molecular activity at their interfaces. A method was proposed to address this issue by employing passivation techniques using monolayer MoS 2 field-effect transistors (FETs) while preserving high performance. Herein, we have used alkali metal fluorides as dielectric capping layers, including lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium fluoride (NaF), and potassium fluoride (KF) dielectric capping layers, to mitigate the environmental impact of oxygen and water exposure. Among them, the LiF dielectric capping layer significantly improved the transistor performance, specifically in terms of enhanced field effect mobility from 74 to 137 cm 2 /V·s, increased current density from 17 μA/μm to 32.13 μA/μm at a drain voltage of V d of 1 V, and decreased subthreshold swing to 0.8 V/dec The results have been analytically verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and the demonstrated technique can be extended to other transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD)-based FETs, which can become a prospect for cutting-edge electronic applications. These findings highlight certain important trade-offs and provide insight into the significance of interface control and passivation material choice on the electrical stability, performance, and enhancement of the MoS 2 FET.

Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7), as a family of NAD + -dependent protein modifying enzymes, have various catalytic functions, such as deacetylases, dealkalylases, and deribonucleases. The Sirtuins family is directly or indirectly involved in pathophysiological processes such as glucolipid metabolism, oxidative stress, DNA repair and inflammatory response through various pathways and assumes an important role in several cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, hypertension and heart failure. A growing number of studies supports that metabolic and bioenergetic reprogramming directs the sequential process of inflammation. Failure of homeostatic restoration leads to many inflammatory diseases, and that macrophages are the central cells involving the inflammatory response and are the main source of inflammatory cytokines. Regulation of cellular metabolism has emerged as a fundamental process controlling macrophage function, but its exact signaling mechanisms remain to be revealed. Understanding the precise molecular basis of metabolic control of macrophage inflammatory processes may provide new approaches for targeting immune metabolism and inflammation. Here, we provide an update of studies in cardiovascular disease on the function and role of sirtuins in macrophage inflammation and metabolism, as well as drug candidates that may interfere with sirtuins, pointing to future prospects in this field., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known to result in left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, and ischemic/nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (ICM/NIDCM). However, less is known about the prognostic value of T2DM on LV longitudinal function and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) assessed with cardiac MRI in ICM/NIDCM patients., Purpose: To measure LV longitudinal function and myocardial scar in ICM/NIDCM patients with T2DM and to determine their prognostic values., Study Type: Retrospective cohort., Population: Two hundred thirty-five ICM/NIDCM patients (158 with T2DM and 77 without T2DM)., Field Strength/sequence: 3T; steady-state free precession cine; phase-sensitive inversion recovery segmented gradient echo LGE sequences., Assessment: Global peak longitudinal systolic strain rate (GLPSSR) was evaluated to LV longitudinal function with feature tracking. The predictive value of GLPSSR was determined with ROC curve. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured. The primary adverse cardiovascular endpoint was follow up every 3 months., Statistical Tests: Mann-Whitney U test or student's t-test; Intra and inter-observer variabilities; Kaplan-Meier method; Cox proportional hazards analysis (threshold = 5%)., Results: ICM/NIDCM patients with T2DM exhibited significantly lower absolute value of GLPSSR (0.39 ± 0.14 vs. 0.49 ± 0.18) and higher proportion of LGE positive (+) despite similar LV ejection fraction, compared to without T2DM. LV GLPSSR was able to predict primary endpoint (AUC 0.73) and optimal cutoff point was 0.4. ICM/NIDCM patients with T2DM (GLPSSR < 0.4) had more markedly impaired survival. Importantly, this group (GLPSSR < 0.4, HbA1c ≥ 7.8%, or LGE (+)) exhibited the worst survival. In multivariate analysis, GLPSSR, HbA1c, and LGE (+) significantly predicted primary adverse cardiovascular endpoint in overall ICM/NIDCM and ICM/NIDCM patients with T2DM., Conclusions: T2DM has an additive deleterious effect on LV longitudinal function and myocardial fibrosis in ICM/NIDCM patients. Combining GLPSSR, HbA1c, and LGE could be promising markers in predicting outcomes in ICM/NIDCM patients with T2DM., Evidence Level: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: 5., (© 2023 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.)

The chemical structure of sinoacutine is formed by a phenanthrene nucleus and an ethylamine bridge. Because it has a similar parent structure to morphine, it is subdivided into morphinane. At present, all reports have pointed out that the basic skeleton of morphine alkaloids is salutaridine (the isomer of sinoacutine), which is generated by the phenol coupling reaction of (R)-reticuline. This study shows that the biosynthetic precursors of sinoacutine and salutaridine are different. In this paper, the sinoacutine synthetase (SinSyn) gene was cloned from Sinomenium acutum and expressed SinSyn protein. Sinoacutine was produced by SinSyn catalyzed (S)-reticuline, according to the results of enzyme-catalyzed experiments. The optical activity, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrum of sinoacutine and salutaridine were analyzed. The classification and pharmacological action of isoquinoline alkaloids were discussed. It was suggested that sinoacutine should be separated from morphinane and classified as sinomenine alkaloids., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

This comprehensive review provides a deep exploration of the unique roles of single atom catalysts (SACs) in photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production. SACs offer multiple benefits over traditional catalysts such as improved efficiency, selectivity, and flexibility due to their distinct electronic structure and unique properties. The review discusses the critical elements in the design of SACs, including the choice of metal atom, host material, and coordination environment, and how these elements impact the catalytic activity. The role of single atoms in photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production is also analysed, focusing on enhancing light absorption and charge generation, improving the migration and separation of charge carriers, and lowering the energy barrier of adsorption and activation of reactants. Despite these advantages, several challenges, including H 2 O 2 decomposition, stability of SACs, unclear mechanism, and low selectivity, need to be overcome. Looking towards the future, the review suggests promising research directions such as direct utilization of H 2 O 2 , high-throughput synthesis and screening, the creation of dual active sites, and employing density functional theory for investigating the mechanisms of SACs in H 2 O 2 photosynthesis. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of single atom catalysts for advancing the field of photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

High energy and power density alkali-ion (i.e., Li + , Na + , and K + ) batteries (AIBs), especially lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), are being ubiquitously used for both large- and small-scale energy storage, and powering electric vehicles and electronics. However, the increasing LIB-triggered fires due to thermal runaways have continued to cause significant injuries and casualties as well as enormous economic losses. For this reason, to date, great efforts have been made to create reliable fire-safe AIBs through advanced materials design, thermal management, and fire safety characterization. In this review, the recent progress is highlighted in the battery design for better thermal stability and electrochemical performance, and state-of-the-art fire safety evaluation methods. The key challenges are also presented associated with the existing materials design, thermal management, and fire safety evaluation of AIBs. Future research opportunities are also proposed for the creation of next-generation fire-safe batteries to ensure their reliability in practical applications., (© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background: Jasminoidin (JA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UA) were shown to act synergistically against ischemic stroke (IS) in our previous studies., Purpose: To investigate the holistic synergistic mechanism of JA and UA on cerebral ischemia., Methods: Middle cerebral artery obstruction reperfusion (MCAO/R) mice were used to evaluate the efficacy of JA, UA, and JA combined with UA (JU) using neurological function testing and infarct volume examination. High-throughput RNA-seq combined with computational prediction and function-integrated analysis was conducted to gain insight into the comprehensive mechanism of synergy. The core mechanism was validated using western blotting., Results: JA and UA synergistically reduced cerebral infarct volume and alleviated neurological deficits and pathological changes in MCAO/R mice. A total of 1437, 396, 1080, and 987 differentially expressed genes were identified in the vehicle, JA, UA, and JU groups, respectively. A strong synergistic effect between JA and UA was predicted using chemical similarity analysis, target profile comparison, and semantic similarity analysis. As the 'long-tail' drugs, the top 20 gene ontology (GO) biological processes of JA, UA, and JU groups primarily reflected inflammatory response and regulation of cytokine production, with specific GO terms of JU revealing enhanced regulation on immune response and tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production. Comparably, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling of common targets of JA, UA, and JU focused on extracellular matrix organization and signaling by interleukins, immune system, phagosomes, and lysosomes, which interlock and interweave to produce the synergistic effects of JU. The characteristic signaling pathway identified for JU highlighted the crosstalk between autophagy activation and inflammatory pathways, especially the Dectin-1-induced NF-κB activation pathway, which was validated by in vivo experiments., Conclusions: JA and UA can synergistically protect cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating Dectin-1-induced NF-κB activation. The strategy integrating high throughput data with computational models enables ever-finer mapping of 'long-tail' drugs to dynamic variations in condition-specific omics to clarify synergistic mechanisms., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier GmbH.)

Introduction: Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is a group of acute and critical conditions, including acute aortic dissection (AAD), acute intramural haematoma and penetrating aortic ulcer. High mortality and morbidity rates result in a poor patient prognosis. Prompt diagnoses and timely interventions are paramount for saving patients' lives. In recent years, risk models for AAD have been established worldwide; however, a risk evaluation system for AAS is still lacking in China. Therefore, this study aims to develop an early warning and risk scoring system in combination with the novel potential biomarker soluble ST2 (sST2) for AAS., Methods and Analysis: This multicentre, prospective, observational study will recruit patients diagnosed with AAS at three tertiary referral centres from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2023. We will analyse the discrepancies in sST2 levels in patients with different AAS types and explore the accuracy of sST2 in distinguishing between them. We will also incorporate potential risk factors and sST2 into a logistic regression model to establish a logistic risk scoring system for predicting postoperative death and prolonged intensive care unit stay in patients with AAS., Ethics and Dissemination: This study was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry website (http://www. chictr. org. cn/). Ethical approval was obtained from the human research ethics committees of Beijing Anzhen Hospital (KS2019016). The ethics review board of each participating hospital agreed to participate. The final risk prediction model will be published in an appropriate journal and disseminated as a mobile application for clinical use. Approval and anonymised data will be shared., Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR1900027763., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Maintaining a steady affinity between gallium-based liquid metals (LM) and polymer binders, particularly under continuous mechanical deformation, such as extrusion-based 3D printing or plating/stripping of Zinc ion (Zn 2+ ), is very challenging. Here, an LM-initialized polyacrylamide-hemicellulose/EGaIn microdroplets hydrogel is used as a multifunctional ink to 3D-print self-standing scaffolds and anode hosts for Zn-ion batteries. The LM microdroplets initiate acrylamide polymerization without additional initiators and cross-linkers, forming a double-covalent hydrogen-bonded network. The hydrogel acts as a framework for stress dissipation, enabling recovery from structural damage due to the cyclic plating/stripping of Zn 2+ . The LM-microdroplet-initialized polymerization with hemicelluloses can facilitate the production of 3D printable inks for energy storage devices., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Small reservoirs in the Yangtze River are large in quantity and widely distributed, which have important ecological and economic benefits. It is of great significance to explore the response law of small reservoir water quality to environmental variables for improving reservoir water quality. Based on the measured water quality data of 36 small reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, combined with the measured water quality data, using correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, and other research methods, we divided the environmental variables into three categories:landscape configuration index, landscape composition index, and reservoir characteristic index, and explored their impact on the change in water quality index. The research results showed that:① farms were the main source of NO 3 - -N, TN, and TP, and residential land was the main source of TP. Paddy, forest land, and wasteland had positive effects on the retention and purification of N and P in reservoirs. ② The LPI of farms was significantly positively correlated with the concentrations of TN and NO 3 - -N in the reservoir, and the paddy and forest were significantly negatively correlated with the concentrations of NO 3 - -N and TN in the reservoir. The PD of farms was positively correlated with TP. The LPI was negatively correlated with TP content. ③ The correlation between average reservoir depth and reservoir water quality was the strongest. Reservoir capacity, reservoir average depth, and reservoir LSI had significant positive effects on water quality improvement. ④ Among the environmental variables of the reservoir, landscape configuration index had the highest explanatory rate (24%), followed by that of the reservoir characteristics index (11%) and landscape composition index (9%). Watershed factors were the key factors (55%), and internal factors (19%) also had a significant influence on reservoir water quality. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for controlling water quality degradation of small reservoirs by managing and optimizing the landscape characteristics of reservoirs.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to study in retina thickness changes in myopic mice using optical coherence tomography (OCT)., Methods: There were 18 mice in the form-deprivation myopia (FDM) group，in which the left eye was not treated as a control;18 untreated mice served as a normal control group. The diopter of all mice was measured 21 days after birth (P21), before form deprivation. After 4 weeks of form deprivation (P49), the refraction, fundus, and retinal sublayer thickness of all mice were measured., Results: After 4 weeks of form deprivation, the refractive power of the right eye in the FDM group was significantly higher than that in the left eye ( p < 0.05). There was no significant change in the refractive power of the left eye in the FDM group compared with the normal control group. The retina, nerve fiber layer (NFL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL) in the right eye of the FDM group were significantly thinner than those of both the FDM and control groups ( p < 0.05). There was no significant change in photoreceptor (PR)., Conclusion: Our study highlights that the myopic mice have decreased R thickness, which might reflect the potential pathological mechanism of myopia., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Duan, Liu and Zhong.)

Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated that diabetic retinopathy is associated with cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the intrinsic functional connectivity pattern within the default mode network (DMN) and its associations with cognitive impairment in diabetic retinopathy patients using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI)., Methods: A total of 34 diabetic retinopathy patients and 37 healthy controls were recruited for rs-fMRI scanning. Both groups were age, gender, and education level matched. The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was chosen as the region of interest for detecting functional connectivity changes., Results: Compared with the healthy control group, diabetic retinopathy patients showed increased functional connectivity between PCC and left medial superior frontal gyrus and increased functional connectivity between PCC and right precuneus., Conclusion: Our study highlights that diabetic retinopathy patients show enhanced functional connectivity within DMN, suggesting that a compensatory increase of neural activity might occur in DMN, which offers new insight into the potential neural mechanism of cognitive impairment in diabetic retinopathy patients., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is a highly refractory form of central neuropathic pain that has been poorly studied mechanistically. Recent observations have emphasized the critical role of the spinal dorsal horn in CPSP. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, rats were subjected to thalamic hemorrhage to investigate the role of spinal monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) in the development of CPSP. Immunohistochemical staining and ELISA were used to assess the expression changes of c-Fos, Iba-1, GFAP, MCP-1, and CCR2 in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord following thalamic hemorrhage, and the involvement of spinal MCP-1 in CPSP was examined by performing intrathecal anti-MCP-1 mAb injection to neutralize the spinal extracellular MCP-1. We demonstrated that intra-thalamic collagenase microinjection induced persistent bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity and facilitated the spontaneous pain behaviors evoked by intraplantar bee venom injection. Accompanying CPSP, the expression of c-Fos, Iba-1, and GFAP in the lumbar spinal dorsal horn was significantly increased up to 28 days post-intra-thalamic collagenase microinjection. Intrathecal injection of minocycline and fluorocitrate dramatically reverses the bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity. Moreover, intra-thalamic collagenase microinjection dramatically induced the up-regulation of MCP-1 but had no effect on the expression of CCR2 in the bilateral lumbar spinal dorsal horn, and MCP-1 was primarily localized in the neuron. Intrathecal injection of anti-MCP-1 mAb was also able to reverse CPSP and reduce the expression of c-Fos, Iba-1, and GFAP in the lumbar spinal dorsal horn. These findings indicated that spinal MCP-1 contributes to CPSP by mediating the activation of spinal neurons and glial cells following thalamic hemorrhage stroke, which may provide insights into pharmacologic treatment for CPSP., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Cold acclimation is a complex biological process leading to the development of freezing tolerance in plants. In this study, we demonstrated that cold-induced expression of protease inhibitor FmASP in a Citrus -relative species kumquat [ Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle] contributes to its freezing tolerance by minimizing protein degradation. Firstly, we found that only cold-acclimated kumquat plants, despite extensive leaf cellular damage during freezing, were able to resume their normal growth upon stress relief. To dissect the impact of cold acclimation on this anti-freezing performance, we conducted protein abundance assays and quantitative proteomic analysis of kumquat leaves subjected to cold acclimation (4°C), freezing treatment (-10°C) and post-freezing recovery (25°C). FmASP (Against Serine Protease) and several non-specific proteases were identified as differentially expressed proteins induced by cold acclimation and associated with stable protein abundance throughout the course of low-temperature treatment. FmASP was further characterized as a robust inhibitor of multiple proteases. In addition, heterogeneous expression of FmASP in Arabidopsis confirmed its positive role in freezing tolerance. Finally, we proposed a working model of FmASP and illustrated how this extracellular-localized protease inhibitor protects proteins from degradation, thereby maintaining essential cellular function for post-freezing recovery. These findings revealed the important role of protease inhibition in freezing response and provide insights on how this role may help develop new strategies to enhance plant freezing tolerance., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nanjing Agricultural University.)

Introduction: The mechanism of internet game addiction is unclear. Whether anxiety mediates between resourcefulness and internet game addiction and whether gender affect its mediation role have not been studied previously., Methods: A total of 4,889 college students from a college in southwest China were included in this study to complete the investigation, in which three questionnaires were used for evaluation., Results: Pearson's correlation analysis indicated a remarkable negative correlation between resourcefulness with internet game addiction and anxiety, as well as a significant positive correlation between anxiety and this addiction. The structural equation model confirmed the mediation role of anxiety. The multi-group analysis confirmed the moderating role of gender in the mediation model., Discussion: These findings have advanced the results of existing studies, indicating the buffering effect of resourcefulness on internet game addiction and revealing the potential mechanism of this relationship., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Zhong, Luo, He, Lin, Zauszniewski, Zhou, Chen, Wu, Wang, Li, Tang, Li, Wu and Luo.)

Purpose: A common ocular manifestation, macular edema (ME) is the primary cause of visual deterioration. In this study, an artificial intelligence method based on multi-feature fusion was introduced to enable automatic ME classification on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images, to provide a convenient method of clinical diagnosis., Methods: First, 1,213 two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional OCT images of ME were collected from the Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital between 2016 and 2021. According to OCT reports of senior ophthalmologists, there were 300 images with diabetic (DME), 303 images with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), 304 images with retinal-vein occlusion (RVO), and 306 images with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Then, traditional omics features of the images were extracted based on the first-order statistics, shape, size, and texture. After extraction by the alexnet, inception&#95;v3, resnet34, and vgg13 models and selected by dimensionality reduction using principal components analysis (PCA), the deep-learning features were fused. Next, the gradient-weighted class-activation map (Grad-CAM) was used to visualize the-deep-learning process. Finally, the fusion features set, which was fused from the traditional omics features and the deep-fusion features, was used to establish the final classification models. The performance of the final models was evaluated by accuracy, confusion matrix, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve., Results: Compared with other classification models, the performance of the support vector machine (SVM) model was best, with an accuracy of 93.8%. The area under curves AUC of micro- and macro-averages were 99%, and the AUC of the AMD, DME, RVO, and CSC groups were 100, 99, 98, and 100%, respectively., Conclusion: The artificial intelligence model in this study could be used to classify DME, AME, RVO, and CSC accurately from SD-OCT images., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Gan, Wu and Zhong.)

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common gastrointestinal tumor. Gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) are the last pathological stage before normal gastric mucosa transforms into GC. However, preventing the transformation from GPL to GC remains a challenge. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat gastric disease for millennia. A series of TCM formulas and active compounds have shown therapeutic effects in both GC and GPL. This article reviews recent progress on the herbal drugs and pharmacological mechanisms of TCM in preventing the transformation from GPL to GC, especially focusing on anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis. This review may provide a meaningful reference for the prevention of the transformation from GPL to GC using TCM., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background and Aim: A pterygium is a common ocular surface disease, which not only affects facial appearance but can also grow into the tissue layer, causing astigmatism and vision loss. In this study, an artificial intelligence model was developed for detecting the pterygium that requires surgical treatment. The model was designed using ensemble deep learning (DL)., Methods: A total of 172 anterior segment images of pterygia were obtained from the Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (China) between 2017 and 2022. They were divided by a senior ophthalmologist into the non-surgery group and the surgery group. An artificial intelligence model was then developed based on ensemble DL, which was integrated with four benchmark models: the Resnet18, Alexnet, Googlenet, and Vgg11 model, for detecting the pterygium that requires surgical treatment, and Grad-CAM was used to visualize the DL process. Finally, the performance of the ensemble DL model was compared with the classical Resnet18 model, Alexnet model, Googlenet model, and Vgg11 model., Results: The accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) of the ensemble DL model was higher than all of the other models. In the training set, the accuracy and AUC of the ensemble model was 94.20% and 0.978, respectively. In the testing set, the accuracy and AUC of the ensemble model was 94.12% and 0.980, respectively., Conclusion: This study indicates that this ensemble DL model, coupled with the anterior segment images in our study, might be an automated and cost-saving alternative for detection of the pterygia that require surgery., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Gan, Chen, Liu and Zhong.)

Due to the increasing use of local anesthetic techniques in various healthcare settings, local anesthetic toxicity still occurs. Seizures are the most common symptom of local anesthetic toxicity. The relationship between local anesthetic-induced seizures and the sensation of pain has not been established till now. Here, we assessed the development of pain hypersensitivity after ropivacaine-induced seizures (RIS) and the influence of RIS on incision-induced postsurgical pain and formalin-induced acute inflammatory pain. In addition, the involvement of spinal 5-HT/5-HT 3 R in RIS-induced pain sensitization was investigated. According to a sequential exploratory experimental strategy, we first calculated the 50% seizure dosage of ropivacaine to be 42.66 mg/kg (95% confidence interval: 40.19-45.28 mg/kg). We showed that RIS induced significant bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity that lasted around 5 days, accompanied by an increase in spinal 5-HT. Moreover, RIS considerably protracted postsurgical pain and enhanced formalin-induced spontaneous flinching in the second phase. Depletion of spinal 5-HT with intrathecal injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) reduced RIS-induced pain hypersensitivity and prevented the prolonging of postsurgical pain following RIS. Likewise, blocking spinal 5-HT3R by intrathecal administration of ondansetron reversed RIS-induced pain hypersensitivity and attenuated the pronociception of RIS in the formalin test. Our findings revealed that acute RIS led to pain hypersensitivity and had pronociceptive effects on incision-induced postsurgical pain and formalin-induced acute inflammatory pain. Moreover, our data implied that RIS-induced pain sensitization depends on spinal 5-HT/5-HT 3 R signaling. Thus, targeting the descending serotonergic facilitation system should be an important element of the precise treatment for local anesthetic toxicity., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality after surgery for acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD). To the best of our knowledge, risk prediction models for AKI following AAAD surgery have not been reported. The goal of the present study was to develop a prediction model to predict severe AKI after AAAD surgery., Methods: A total of 485 patients who underwent AAAD surgery were enrolled and randomly divided into the training cohort (70%) and the validation cohort (30%). Severe AKI was defined as AKI stage III following the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Preoperative variables, intraoperative variables and postoperative data were collected for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to select predictors and develop a nomogram in the study cohort. The final prediction model was validated using the bootstrapping techniques and in the validation cohort., Results: The incidence of severe AKI was 23.0% ( n = 78), and 14.7% ( n = 50) of patients needed renal replacement treatment. The hospital mortality rate was 8.3% ( n = 28), while for AKI patients, the mortality rate was 13.1%, which increased to 20.5% for severe AKI patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that age, cardiopulmonary bypass time, serum creatinine, and D-dimer were key predictors for severe AKI following AAAD surgery. The logistic regression model incorporated these predictors to develop a nomogram for predicting severe AKI after AAAD surgery. The nomogram showed optimal discrimination ability, with an area under the curve of 0.716 in the training cohort and 0.739 in the validation cohort. Calibration curve analysis demonstrated good correlations in both the training cohort and the validation cohort., Conclusions: We developed a prognostic model including age, cardiopulmonary bypass time, serum creatinine, and D-dimer to predict severe AKI after AAAD surgery. The prognostic model demonstrated an effective predictive capability for severe AKI, which may help improve risk stratification for poor in-hospital outcomes after AAAD surgery., (© 2022 JGC All rights reserved; www.jgc301.com.)

The purpose of the study is to use the voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) technique to explore the pattern of the interhemispheric functional connectivity in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). The interhemispheric functional connectivity was compared between 31 individuals with PACG and 31 healthy controls closely matched with sex, age, and educational level using the VMHC technique. Significant differences in VMHC between two groups were selected to be classification features for classifying individuals with PACG from healthy controls using the support vector machine algorithm of the machine learning. We used the permutation test analysis to assess the classification performance. In addition, the Pearson analysis was applied to explore the relationship between changed VMHC and clinical varieties in patients with PACG. Compared with healthy controls, individuals with PACG exhibited significantly lower VMHC signal values in the right calcarine, right cuneus, right superior occipital gyrus, and right postcentral gyrus [voxel level: P < 0.001, Gaussian random field correction, cluster level: P < 0.05]. Moreover, the results displayed that the total accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the machine learning classification were 0.758, 0.710, and 0.807, respectively (P < 0.001, nonparametric permutation test). The findings demonstrated that there is disturbed interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity in the vision-related brain areas of individuals with PACG; and the VMHC variability can classify individuals with PACG from healthy controls with high accuracy, which provided novel evidence for understanding the neuropathological mechanism of PACG., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)