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N-doped single-atom Fe in graphene (Fe–N4–C) is known to have excellent electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs); however, it still has lower activity than Pt-based electrocatalyst. Here the ORR catalytic performance of Fe–N4–C is investigated at the quantum level. Increasing the number of N atoms, by replacing C, near the Fe-N4 moiety, increases the ORR activity. The substitution of C with N causes a local redistribution of charge, and if near to the Fe atom, this induces charge modification of the Fe atom; specifically, electrons transfer from the dxz and dyz orbitals to the dz2 orbital. Due to its geometry, the change in the dz2 orbital occupation directly impacts the bonding interaction between Fe and oxygen-containing intermediates, thus impacting the ORR catalytic performance. The use of the Fe dz2 occupancy as a reliable indicator of catalytic performance is demonstrated and potential improvements to the activity are computed. We demonstrate that the Fe dz2 occupancy as a reliable indicator of catalytic performance and can be used to predict the activity of N-doped Fe-N4 single atom electrocatalytic moieties. We predict single atom electrocatalysts with potentials equivalent to that of Pt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This longitudinal study aims to examine the present state of perceived control, self-management efficacy, and overall quality of life (QoL) in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy, and gain insight into the dynamic trends and factors that influence the quality of life experienced by patients during the course of radiotherapy. Methods: Participants completed the Cancer Experience and Efficacy Scale (CEES), Strategies Used by People to Promote Health (SUPPH), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy- Breast (FACT-B). The data was analyzed using the software SPSS26.0. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mixed-effects linear models were used to analyze trends in perceived control, self-management efficacy, and QoL at three-time points, as well as factors affecting QoL during radiotherapy. Results: Perceived control and self-management efficacy were associated with QoL over the course of the radiotherapy. Self-management efficacy (β = 0.30, P < 0.001), presence of chemotherapy (β = 18.33, P = 0.024), and duration of illness (β = 2.25, P = 0.028) had a positive effect on the change in QoL, while time (β = − 2.95, P < 0.001), cancer experience (β = − 0.46, P < 0.001), and type of medical insurance (β = − 2.77, P = 0.021) had the negative effect on the change in QoL. Conclusion: The QoL, perceived control, and self-efficacy of patients with breast cancer show dynamic changes during radiotherapy. The higher the self-efficacy, the better the QoL, and the worse the QoL when the sense of disease control is poor. At the same time, more attention should be paid to the QoL of breast cancer radiotherapy patients with a long course of the disease, receiving chemotherapy, and different medical payment methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering isolated metal sites resembling the primary coordination sphere of metallocofactors enables atomically dispersed materials as promising nanozymes. However, most existing nanozymes primarily focus on replicating specific metallocofactors while neglecting other supporting cofactors within active pockets, leading to reduced electron transfer (ET) efficiency and thus inferior catalytic performances. Herein, we report a metal–organic framework UiO‐67 nanozyme with atomically dispersed iron sites, which involves multiple tailored enzyme‐like nanocofactors that synergistically drive the ET process for enhanced peroxidase‐like catalysis. Among them, the linker‐coupled atomic iron site plays a critical role in substrate activation, while bare linkers and zirconia nodes facilitate the ET efficiency of intermediates. The synergy of three nanocofactors results in a 4.29‐fold enhancement compared with the single effort of isolated metal site‐based nanocofactor, holding promise in immunoassay for sensitive detection of chlorpyrifos. This finding opens a new way for designing high‐performance nanozymes by harmonizing various nanocofactors at the atomic and molecular scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering isolated metal sites resembling the primary coordination sphere of metallocofactors enables atomically dispersed materials as promising nanozymes. However, most existing nanozymes primarily focus on replicating specific metallocofactors while neglecting other supporting cofactors within active pockets, leading to reduced electron transfer (ET) efficiency and thus inferior catalytic performances. Herein, we report a metal–organic framework UiO‐67 nanozyme with atomically dispersed iron sites, which involves multiple tailored enzyme‐like nanocofactors that synergistically drive the ET process for enhanced peroxidase‐like catalysis. Among them, the linker‐coupled atomic iron site plays a critical role in substrate activation, while bare linkers and zirconia nodes facilitate the ET efficiency of intermediates. The synergy of three nanocofactors results in a 4.29‐fold enhancement compared with the single effort of isolated metal site‐based nanocofactor, holding promise in immunoassay for sensitive detection of chlorpyrifos. This finding opens a new way for designing high‐performance nanozymes by harmonizing various nanocofactors at the atomic and molecular scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although brown adipose tissue (BAT) has historically been viewed as a major site for energy dissipation through thermogenesis, its endocrine function has been increasingly recognized. However, the circulating factors in BAT that play a key role in controlling systemic energy homeostasis remain largely unexplored. Here, we performed a peptidomic analysis to profile the extracellular peptides released from human brown adipocytes upon exposure to thermogenic stimuli. Specifically, we identified a secreted peptide that modulates adipocyte thermogenesis in a cell-autonomous manner, and we named it BATSP1. BATSP1 promoted BAT thermogenesis and induced browning of white adipose tissue in vivo, leading to increased energy expenditure under cold stress. BATSP1 treatment in mice prevented high-fat diet-induced obesity and improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, BATSP1 facilitated the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of forkhead transcription factor 1 (FOXO1) and released its transcriptional inhibition of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Overall, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the human brown adipocyte extracellular peptidome following acute forskolin (FSK) stimulation and identify BATSP1 as a novel regulator of thermogenesis that may offer a potential approach for obesity treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine the relationship between self-disclosure, coping styles, and benefit finding (BF) among caregivers of cancer patients. The study also aimed to identify the factors influencing BF and the impact of coping styles on the relationship between self-disclosure and BF. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to select 300 caregivers of cancer patients aged greater than 18 years from October 2022 to April 2023 in Chengdu, China. The demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, the Benefit Finding Scale (BFS), the Distress Disclosure Index Scale (DDI), and the Simple Coping Style Scale (SCSQ) for caregivers were included in this study. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation analyses, and multiple linear regression models were used. The effect of mediation was tested by the PROCESS macro (Model 4) for SPSS 26.0 by Hayes using 5000 bootstrap samples. Results: There were 292 valid questionnaires (effective response rate 97.33%). The total scores of BF, self-disclosure, negative coping style, and positive coping style of caregivers were 67.77 ± 14.78, 38.23 ± 8.59, 19.68 ± 5.98, and 9.88 ± 4.18, respectively; Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that BF was positively correlated with self-disclosure, positive coping, and negatively correlated with negative coping; multiple linear regression analysis showed that self-disclosure, positive coping, and negative coping were influential factors of BF. The results revealed that the effect of self-disclosure on BF was partly mediated by coping styles. It also confirmed that the mediation effect accounted for 54.03% of the total effect. Conclusion: The BF of caregivers is at a moderate level. Self-disclosure may influence BF partly because of coping styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All carbon-based CG/M − CN rectangular nanotubes have been constructed by a facile molten salt thermal condensation of melamine and glucose. In the molten salt fluid, the glucose is carbonized into graphene-like (CG) nanosheets acting as an electron acceptor, and the melamine thermally condenses into carbon nitride (M − CN) rectangular nanotube acting as an electron donor. The 0.5 wt% CG/M − CN nanotubes display a photocatalytic H 2 evolution rate of 2345 μmol h−1 g−1, which is 1.52 times higher than that of M-CN. Moreover, without loading Pt co-catalyst, the 0.5 wt% CG/M − CN nanotubes show a 12.75 times higher photocatalytic H 2 evolution rate than that of M-CN. It is revealed that the graphene-like CG nanosheets not only can act as an electron acceptor boosting charge carrier separation, but also function as a HER cocatalyst for M-CN. Our work provides a new insight for the development of all carbon-based photocatalysts for energy-related applications. All carbon-based donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated CG/M − CN rectangular tubular composites with HER cocatalyst free have been constructed through a facile one-step molten salt thermal condensation approach, which exhibits superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. [Display omitted] • The CG/M − CN composites are developed by a molten salt thermal condensation method. • CG acts as an electron acceptor and cocatalyst for M − CN to drive H 2 evolution. • The D-A conjugated system promotes fast charge carrier transfer in CG/M-CN. • The 0.5 wt% CG/M − CN without cocatalyst shows optimal photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have conducted Mo isotope analyses of granites and related hydrothermal molybdenite from six Sn-W deposits in the western belt of the Southeast Asian Tin Province (Myanmar and Yunnan, China). Our data show that tin granites have notably heavier Mo isotope compositions (avg. δ98Mo = 0.44 ‰) than arc lavas (avg. δ98Mo = −0.12 ‰). The lack of systematic variation of Mo isotope composition with SiO2, Differentiation Index, Rb/Sr, and Zr/Hf values of the studied tin granites suggests there was no Mo isotope fractionation caused by fractional crystallization of the reduced magma. We infer that the elevated Mo isotope compositions in tin granites are mainly inherited from reduced sedimentary sources with black shales (avg. δ98Mo = 0.44 ‰). We also observed remarkable Mo isotope fractionation during the magmatic-hydrothermal transition. The preferential incorporation of Mo4+ and isotopically light Mo into magmatic sulfides and partitioning of Mo6+ and heavy Mo isotopes into hydrothermal fluids account for significant fluid-melt fractionation of Mo isotopes during fluid exsolution from the reduced melt. The elevated Mo isotope composition in hydrothermal molybdenite from granite-related Sn-W deposits compared to that of porphyry Cu–Mo deposits derives from both the notably heavy Mo isotope signature of the reduced sedimentary sources and fluid-melt fractionation of Mo isotopes during the magmatic-hydrothermal transition. The sequestration of Mo during crystallization of reduced melt and the low Mo precipitation efficiency in the hydrothermal evolution prevents the formation of economic Mo mineralization in reduced magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Combined with published data from different Mo sinks, we propose a Mo cycling and isotope fractionation model for arc and back-arc systems of Andean-type subduction settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-matrix materials exhibiting near-zero thermal expansion (NZTE) behavior are urgently required in electronic packaging and precision instruments. However, the practical application of this material faces some challenges, such as a narrow operating temperature, low thermal conductivity, and weak mechanical properties. This study investigates the effect of sintering pressure on the microstructural evolution of multicomponent negative-thermal-expansion La(Fe, Co, Si) 13 reinforced Cu composites via spark plasma sintering (SPS). Near-zero thermal expansion was obtained over a wide range of temperature between 200 and 320 K by using multicomponent reinforcements. The porosity decreased from 4.7% to 0.6% when the sintering pressure increased from 50 to 150 MPa. As the sintering pressure increases, the agglomerated Cu particles gradually transform into continuous Cu networks. The combination of a dense structure and continuous Cu networks leads to a large maximum compressive strength of 758 MPa and a high thermal conductivity of 56.2 Wm−1K−1, which are the best comprehensive properties of wide-temperature-range NZTE composites ever reported. This study provides an effective method for resolving the tradeoff between low thermal expansion and high strength in most NZTE materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In congested street or highway scenarios, such as lane-change in dynamically changing traffic flow situations, the planning and tracking of trajectories for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) represent some of the most challenging tasks. As an introduction to automated lane-change in CAVs, this paper presents a control Lyapunov function (CLF) approach that follows an optimal desired trajectory while observing the constraints imposed by the control barrier function (CBF) in order to avoid collision with surrounding vehicles. By combining CLF and CBF within the framework of quadratic programs (QP), it allows the implementation to simultaneously track the control objective (represented by the CLF) and satisfy the constraints of the desired state of the system (represented by the CBF). Therefore, it provides the possibility of tracking simultaneously the path of the unmanned vehicle, within the constraints of the surrounding vehicles as well as the surrounding environment. From simulations and comparison results, the controller presented here can perform collision avoidance well and can be used on a real traffic system, which has the advantage of providing faster and more precise lane-change results than another work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless positioning and tracking technology are key technologies in applying wireless sensor networks and have vital research significance and application value. In this paper, in terms of positioning multiple non-coincident dynamic targets, aiming at the problem of low precision and large computational complexity when locating multiple dynamic targets by the two-step least squares algorithm and the constrained total least squares algorithm, an improved constrained total least squares algorithm is proposed. This algorithm fully considers the constraints, introduces the Lagrangian multiplier technology and the quasi-Newton BFGS iterative formula, avoids the calculation of the Hessian matrix, reduces the amount of calculation, and improves the positioning accuracy. Simulation experiments show that when the measurement error and sensor position error are moderate, the ICTLS positioning algorithm has a smaller RMSE than the TSWLS and CTLS positioning algorithms, showing higher positioning accuracy and stronger robustness. Secondly, aiming at the problem that the target is close to the reference node or any coordinate axis causes the positioning error of the traditional positioning algorithm to increase sharply, an optimized two-step least squares algorithm is proposed. This algorithm corrects the defects of the TSWLS algorithm by selecting the reference station and rotating the coordinate system again, and improves the positioning performance of the algorithm while reducing the amount of calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solar-driven steam generation emerges as an appealing approach to address the pressing freshwater and energy crisis, due to the high utilization of abundant solar energy and undrinkable water resources, and its low environmental impact. Meanwhile, efficient solar absorbers featuring broadband spectra response, high solar-heat conversion, low-cost and good stability are significant to practical solar evaporation. Moreover, avoiding salt crystal accumulation on the evaporation surface thus minimizing blockage of the pathways for light absorption and vapor escape, is vital to maintain the long-term evaporation efficiency. Therefore, a portable interfacial evaporator was facilely made with a 3D-structured plasmonic enhanced photothermal nanocomposite of Cu Nanoparticles/laser-induced graphene (Cu NPs/LIG) as the efficient solar absorber via a one-step deposition method. This novel evaporator exhibits a large solar absorption (98%) over broadband spectrum (250–2500nm) that also rapidly achieves a high surface temperature (>80 °C) under 1 sun irradiation. Meanwhile, this fabricated solar-driven evaporator can realize a high evaporation rate of 2.29 kg/m2.h on pure water. Moreover, due to the spontaneous salt diffusion along the vertical concentration gradients driven by the unobstructed and continuous pathways, outstanding anti-salt performance was obtained, and a high evaporation efficiency of 1.82 kg/m2.h upon brine with a high salinity (20 wt%) for a long-term application was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Asian populations and the role of primary care providers (PCPs) in managing individuals with advanced CKD who are not on dialysis. A survey was conducted among PCPs to assess their comfort level in managing CKD, and the majority expressed discomfort in managing Stage 4 and 5 CKD, including CKD5ND. The article also explores the preferred methods of PCPs to improve their comfort in kidney supportive care, such as developing resource sharing agreements and conducting educational meetings. The findings highlight the need for improved kidney supportive care among PCPs and the importance of cross-cultural collaboration to enhance care for individuals with advanced CKD. [Extracted from the article]

In the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the field of single-molecule magnets (SMMs), which not only achieves breakthroughs in various key indicators (flipping energy barrier and hysteresis temperature), but also expands SMMs of various types (3d, 4f, 3d–4f and 5f) and different connection methods. Among the many different types of SMM mentioned above, the SMM based on the 4f metal center has made the biggest breakthrough. Introducing 3d metal ions into lanthanide complexes to form 3d–4f heterometallic complexes can promote strong magnetic exchange between multiple metal centers, resulting in magnetic properties different from 3d and 4f complexes. Therefore, the expansion of the structure and magnetic properties of 3d–4f heterometallic complexes can promote the progress in the field of SMM. In this review, we summarize the structure and magnetic properties of 3d–4f heterometallic complexes formed by different types of organic ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 2-triethylenetetramine methylene-4-nonylphenol (TMNP) was firstly introduced in pyrochlore flotation. • TMNP exhibited excellent collecting ability for pyrochlore. • N atoms in TMNP exhibited cooperative adsorption on pyrochlore surfaces. • TMNP adsorbed on pyrochlore surfaces through electrostatic attraction and chemical adsorption. The flotation performance and adsorption mechanism of 2-triethylenetetramine methylene-4-nonylphenol (TMNP) on pyrochlore were investigated through micro-flotation experiments, zeta-potential tests, contact angle and XPS measurements. Additionally, the frothing properties of TMNP were studied using froth volume and surface tension tests compared with DDA. The flotation results showed that TMNP exhibited strong collecting ability for pyrochlore, but showed no selectivity towards quartz or feldspar. Separation experiments showed sodium aluminium silicate was an effective depressant for the separation of pyrochlore, feldspar, quartz, and calcite. The frothing properties of both TMNP and DDA were correlated with their respective surface tensions. Contact angle experiments demonstrated contact angle increased with increasing concentrations of TMNP and DDA. Zeta potential indicated that TMNP might adsorb onto pyrochlore surfaces through electrostatic attraction and chemical adsorption while DDA only exhibited physical adsorption. XPS data provided further evidence for the chemical adsorption of TMNP onto pyrochlore surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern rural areas represent a vulnerable category that is in special need of sustainable development these days. However, the practice shows that, in the twenty-first century, this sustainability can be assured through the construction of smart villages. The ultimate goal of this study was to create a model for the development of ancient Guangxi villages that will take into account the cultural and tourist dimensions and will be based on the Smart Village concept. Analysis of existing approaches to the implementation of the Smart Village initiatives as well as of regional and local regulatory documents in force allowed identifying key aspects (factors) in this respect. Local government officials, service providers, and local residents were surveyed, and the sample was 586 people. They were asked to rate the implementation in their village of key aspects of the Smart Village concept from 1 to 5 on a Likert scale (from "very bad" to "excellent"). According to the assessments collected, the top-rated and, accordingly, the most developed, was the Technological factor group, followed by the groups encompassing Culture and Tourism, then Economic, then Environmental, and Social factors. These data provided a good foundation for building a Smart Village-based model for the development of six ancient Guangxi villages, known for their unique cultural heritage (Xingping, Daxu, Huangyao, Jixiang, Fuli, and Longji Zhuang). In the future, it can be taken advantage of by government representatives and managers in respect to rural areas with conditions similar to those discussed within the limits of the current study (with certain regional adjustments). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern rural areas represent a vulnerable category that is in special need of sustainable development these days. However, the practice shows that, in the twenty-first century, this sustainability can be assured through the construction of smart villages. The ultimate goal of this study was to create a model for the development of ancient Guangxi villages that will take into account the cultural and tourist dimensions and will be based on the Smart Village concept. Analysis of existing approaches to the implementation of the Smart Village initiatives as well as of regional and local regulatory documents in force allowed identifying key aspects (factors) in this respect. Local government officials, service providers, and local residents were surveyed, and the sample was 586 people. They were asked to rate the implementation in their village of key aspects of the Smart Village concept from 1 to 5 on a Likert scale (from "very bad" to "excellent"). According to the assessments collected, the top-rated and, accordingly, the most developed, was the Technological factor group, followed by the groups encompassing Culture and Tourism, then Economic, then Environmental, and Social factors. These data provided a good foundation for building a Smart Village-based model for the development of six ancient Guangxi villages, known for their unique cultural heritage (Xingping, Daxu, Huangyao, Jixiang, Fuli, and Longji Zhuang). In the future, it can be taken advantage of by government representatives and managers in respect to rural areas with conditions similar to those discussed within the limits of the current study (with certain regional adjustments). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescent metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are appealing for the design of smart responsive materials, whereas aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) fluorophores with twisted molecular rotor structure provide exciting opportunities to construct MOFs with new topology and responsiveness. Herein, it is reported that elongating AIE rotor ligands can render the newly formed AIE MOF (ZnETTB) (ETTB = 4',4''',4''''',4'''''''‐(ethene‐1,1,2,2‐tetrayl)tetrakis(([1,1'‐biphenyl]‐3,5‐dicarboxylic acid))) with more elasticity, more control for intramolecular motion, and specific amide‐sensing capability. ZnETTB shows specific host–guest interaction with amide, where N,N‐diethylformamide (DEF), as an example, is anchored through CH···O and CH···π bonds with Zn cluster and ETTB8− ligand, respectively. DEF anchoring reduces both the distortion level and the intramolecular motions of ETTB8− ligand to lead a blueshifted and intensified emission for DEF ∈ ZnETTB. Moreover, amide anchoring also affords the DEF ∈ ZnETTB with the excellent thermofluorochromic behavior, and further increases the piezofluorochromic sensitivity at low‐pressure ranges on the basis of its elastic framework. This work is one of the rare examples of amide‐responsive smart materials, which shall shed new lights on design of smart MOFs with twisted AIE rotors for further sensing and detection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve efficient vehicular network communication and service, researchers proposed fog-based vehicular networks (FVNs). One of the prerequisites for developing large-scale FVNs is ensuring the security and privacy of the entire network environment. However, the existing schemes proposed for FVNs exist considerable calculation and communication costs and/or security vulnerabilities. Therefore, to promote efficient FVN authentication, we propose a lightweight security protocol using self-certified public key cryptography. In the protocol, the trusted authority does not need to participate in the authentication process between the vehicle and the fog node online. And the vehicle can dynamically update its login password and pseudonym, without performing complicated interactive steps with the trusted authority. In addition, our protocol supports batch verification, which significantly improves the system authentication efficiency. A detailed security analysis reveals that our protocol can meet the security requirements of vehicular networks while resisting the common types of attack. Calculation and communication overhead comparisons further prove that our protocol exhibits better performance than related schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is inseparable from the interaction between vehicles and infrastructure. The trust authority (TA) often plays a pivotal role in VANETs and requires interaction with multiple vehicles. However, when the TA sends the same message to multiple vehicles, there are many redundancies, as it needs to negotiate with each vehicle and send them different ciphertexts. This greatly reduces the work efficiency of the TA. To the best of our knowledge, there is no research on the problem of redundancy that occurs when the same message is sent to multiple vehicles in VANETs. The proposed scheme adopts identity-based broadcast encryption (IBBE) technology, which is a secure data-sharing scheme suitable for the vehicle-to-infrastructure communication mode, in VANETs for the first time. Thus, with only one encryption, the TA can generate a fixed-length ciphertext for a group of vehicles. When there are new vehicles that subsequently request a service, the TA can assign encryption tasks to the proxy server. In terms of security, our scheme meets the particular requirements of VANETs. The encryption overhead of the sender and the length of the ciphertext were comparatively analyzed. The results demonstrated that the performance of the scheme improved significantly. Thus, our scheme can prevent redundancies and effectively improve the work efficiency of TA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• α-hydroxyoctyl phosphinic acid (HPA) was firstly introduced in pyrochlore flotation. • HPA exhibited excellent collecting ability for pyrochlore. • HPA showed good selectivity for quartz and feldspar. • Ca and Nb species on pyrochlore surfaces were bound to −P-H and −P-OH groups of HPA. The flotation performance and adsorption mechanism of α-hydroxyoctyl phosphinic acid (HPA) on pyrochlore were investigated through micro-flotation experiments, zeta-potential tests, contact angle measurements and XPS analysis. The flotation results demonstrated that, in comparison to N-hexadecylpropane-1,3-diamine (NHDA), HPA exhibited a comparable collecting ability for pyrochlore but displayed superior selectivity against feldspar and quartz. Adsorption experiments revealed that the pyrochlore exhibited a higher adsorption capacity for HPA compared to feldspar and quartz. The contact angle experiments indicated that the treatment with HPA significantly increased the contact angle for pyrochlore and calcite, while only minimal changes were observed for feldspar and quartz. Zeta potential and XPS data provided evidence for the chemical adsorption of HPA onto pyrochlore surfaces. Detailed XPS results showed that P-OH groups in HPA formed P(III)-O-M (M = Ca and Nb) bonds with Ca and Nb species on the pyrochlore surface. Additionally, the P-H bond in the HPA molecule could undergo a Redox reaction with highly oxidized Nb, resulting in the formation of a P(V)-Nb(IV) bond. This P(V)-Nb(IV) bond enhances the adsorption of hydrophobic HPA onto the mineral, making it easier to recover pyrochlore through flotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart luminescent metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) demonstrate promising performance in the detection of toxic gases. The incorporation of twisted or rotary organic ligands with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics can provide further opportunities in designing such smart MOFs with new topologies and stimuli‐responsive behaviors. Herein, novel AIE MOFs are reported with reversible luminescence or a magnetic switch for HCl vapor detection. The twisted conformation of tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)ethylene (TCPE) ligand leads to the unique [M+–L–M−–L–M]∞ (M = metal clusters, L = ligand) configuration for ZnMOF and CoMOF. Different from conventional MOFs with [M–L]∞ topology, ZnMOF and CoMOF exhibit a blue‐to‐yellow greenish fluorescence transition and a ferrimagnetic‐to‐antiferromagnetic switch behavior, respectively, upon recognition of HCl vapor. The adsorbed HCl molecules rather than coordinated ones are determined to be the main reason, and such luminescence and magnetic switch can be induced in a reversible manner via HCl vapor adsorption/desorption processes with high reliability. This work of AIE MOFs with twisted and rotary ligands shall pave new avenue in design of smart MOFs with new topologies and stimuli‐responsive behavior for real‐time sensing and detection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fault diagnosis of gearboxes based on vibration signal processing is challenging, as vibration signals collected by acceleration sensors are typically a nonlinear mixture of unknown signals. Furthermore, the number of source signals is usually larger than that of sensors because of the practical limitation on sensor positions. Hence, the fault characterization is actually a nonlinear underdetermined blind source separation (NUBSS) problem. In this paper, a novel NUBSS algorithm based on kernel independent component analysis (KICA) and antlion optimization (ALO) is proposed to address the technical challenge. The mathematical model demonstrates the nonlinear mixing of source signals in the underdetermined cases. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition is used as a preprocessing tool to decompose the observed signals into a set of intrinsic mode functions that suffers from the problem of redundant components. The correlation coefficient is utilized to eliminate the redundant components. An adaptive threshold singular value decomposition method is proposed to estimate the number of source signals. Then a whitening process is carried out to transform the overdetermined blind source separation (BSS) into determined BSS, which can be solved by the KICA method. However, the reasonable selection of parameters in KICA limits its application to some extent. Therefore, ALO and Fisher's linear discriminant analysis are adopted to further enhance the accuracy of the KICA method. The separation performance of the proposed method is assessed through simulation. The numerical results show that the proposed method can accurately estimate the number of source signals and attains a higher separation quality in tackling nonlinear mixed signals when compared with the existing methods. Finally, the inner ring fault experiment is conducted to preliminarily validate the practicability of the proposed method in bearing fault diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensate with parity-time symmetry through a moving obstacle potential is simulated numerically. In the miscible two-component condensate, the formation of the Kármán vortex street is observed in one component, while 'the half-quantum vortex street' is observed in the other component. Other patterns of vortex shedding, such as oblique vortex dipoles, V-shaped vortex pairs, irregular turbulence, and combined modes of various wakes, can also be found. The ratio of inter-vortex spacing in one row to the distance between vortex rows is approximately 0.18, which is less than the stability condition 0.28 of classical fluid. The drag force acting on the obstacle potential is simulated. The parametric regions of Kármán vortex street and other vortex patterns are calculated. The range of Kármán vortex street is surrounded by the region of combined modes. In addition, spin–orbit coupling disrupts the symmetry of the system and the gain-loss affects the local particle distribution of the system, which leads to the local symmetry breaking of the system, and finally influences the stability of the Kármán vortex street. Finally, we propose an experimental protocol to realize the Kármán vortex street in a system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

7716498 6 Li C, Qiu J, Xue Y. Low-dose Diosbulbin-B (DB) activates tumor-intrinsic PD-L1/NLRP3 signaling pathway mediated pyroptotic cell death to increase cisplatin-sensitivity in gastric cancer (GC). 7881658 7 Yu L, Shi Q, Jin Y. Blockage of AMPK-ULK1 pathway mediated autophagy promotes cell apoptosis to increase doxorubicin sensitivity in breast cancer (BC) cells: an in vitro study. [Extracted from the article]

4545 (100) ht In conclusion, COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was high among our patients with active glomerulonephritis. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among patients with glomerulonephritis Among 46 patients who completed the vaccine acceptance survey, the dominant source of vaccine information was the internet or social media (78.3%), followed by healthcare provider (65.2%) and family or friends (63.0%). [Extracted from the article]

Background: To our knowledge, LncRNA SNHG15 exerted its tumor-promoting effects to facilitate the development of breast cancer (BC), but there still needed more data to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods: We examined genes expression status by performing Real-Time qPCR and Western Blot analysis, and cellular functions, including cell proliferation, viability, apoptosis, mobility, were measured by using the CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, trypan blue staining assay, flow cytometer (FCM), transwell assay and wound scratch assay, respectively. The predicted targeting sites in LncRNA SNHG15, miR-451 and c-Myc 3′UTR were validated by dual-luciferase reporter gene system assay. Finally, we established the tumor-bearing mice models, and the expression status, including its enrichment and cellular localization were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. Results: Our data indicated LncRNA SNHG15 upregulated c-Myc to facilitate BC progression by sponging miR-451 in a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, LncRNA SNHG15 and c-Myc were upregulated, while miR-451 was downregulated in BC cells and clinical tissues, compared to their normal counterparts. In addition, miR-451 negatively correlated with LncRNA SNHG15 and c-Myc, and LncRNA SNHG15 was positively relevant to c-Myc in BC tissues. Next, we validated that LncRNA SNHG15 sponged miR-451 to upregulate c-Myc in BC cells. Further gain- and loss-of-function experiments evidenced that LncRNA SNHG15 promoted, while miR-451 inhibited malignant phenotypes, including cell proliferation, viability, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in BC cells. Interestingly, the inhibiting effects of LncRNA SNHG15 ablation on BC progression were abrogated by both silencing miR-451 and overexpressing c-Myc. Conclusions: We concluded that targeting the LncRNA SNHG15/miR-451/c-Myc signaling cascade was novel to hamper BC progression, which broadened our knowledge in this field, and provided potential biomarkers for BC diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The giant Jiama polymetallic ore deposit is a porphyry–skarn system in the eastern Gangdese porphyry belt of the Tibetan Plateau. Steeply dipping high-grade massive sulfide veins are classified as lode-type high-sulfidation (HS) mineralization comprising mainly Cu-sulfosalts in Au-poor and Au-rich veins. Au-poor veins contain an As-rich pyrite–enargite–tennantite assemblage, whereas Au-rich veins contain an Sb-rich enargite–luzonite–tetrahedrite–chalcostibite–watanabeite assemblage. The coexistence of pyrite, dendritic muscovite, and euhedral quartz in the Cu-sulfosalts indicates slightly acidic or near-neutral formation conditions. Most Au- and Ag-bearing minerals are inclusions of tellurides (hessite, sylvanite, and petzite) in tennantite–tetrahedrite, and watanabeite. Au and Ag concentrations in tennantite–tetrahedrite, watanabeite, and chalcostibite are much higher than in enargite and luzonite, confirming that they were controlled by intermediate-sulfidation state Cu–As–Sb–S solid solutions, with Au tending to be enriched in Sb-rich minerals compared with As-rich solid solutions. The HS veins overlying the known porphyry intrusion and cutting skarn orebodies in the Jiama deposit constitute a porphyry–skarn–high sulfidation system. The occurrence of HS veins suggests that channels in paleo-fumaroles and the mineralization that resulted may be ascribed to expansion of magmatic vapor. HS veins close to the porphyry intrusion exposed at the surface indicate that shallow epithermal disseminated mineralization was likely removed by rapid regional uplift and erosion of the Gangdese porphyry belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Leaching of Li and Ni via reduction roasting and leaching with Na 2 S 2 O 8. • Regulating the redox potential and pH of sodium persulfate solution. • 95.07% of Li and 96.02% of Ni can be leached into solution. • Simplifying the subsequent recovery and separation process. Herein, the preferential leaching of Li and Ni from spent lithium-ion batteries was put forward for the first time. Firstly, the stable structure of cathode material was destroyed by reduction roasting, and then Li and Ni in roasted product were leached in sodium persulfate solution. Through adjusting the redox potential and pH of the solution, Li and Ni could exist in the solution in the form of Li+ and Ni2+, while Co and Mn remained in the residue mainly in the form of Co 3 O 4 and MnO 2. The leaching efficiencies of Li and Ni were 95.07% and 96.02% under the optimized conditions, respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that the leaching process was controlled by surface chemical reaction. In addition, XPS, XRD, thermodynamic analysis, and SEM-EDS were used to explore the mechanism. This method could effectively simplify the recovery and separation process, providing a new thought for the utilization of spent lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an abundant neurotransmitter in the lungs and other organs. Its discovery dates back to 1970. And VIP gains attention again due to the potential application in COVID-19 after a research wave in the 1980s and 1990s. The diverse biological impacts of VIP extend beyond its usage in COVID-19 treatment, encompassing its involvement in various pulmonary and systemic disorders. This review centers on the function of VIP in various lung diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung tumors. This review also outlines two main limitations of VIP as a potential medication and gathers information on extended-release formulations and VIP analogues. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nerve endings and terminal Schwann cells (TSCs) specifically and densely surround hair follicle at isthmus area, forming a neuromuscular‐junction‐like structure called lanceolate complex. The interplay between neuronal components and epidermis in this specialized structure enables hair to properly sense complex stimuli from environments. However, how nerves precisely attach to and innervate this specific region during development remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that SEMA3C, a secreted protein member of semaphorin family responsible for axonal guidance, is localized right below sebaceous gland and in close approximation with nerve endings and TSCs processes all through the entire hair cycle. SEMA3C protein is deposited outside of epithelial cells and its expression is independent on the presence of nerve endings/TSCs. SEMA3C is also found in portions of dermal papilla at growth phase. The tight spatial association of SEMA3C with lanceolate complex suggests that it might play roles in establishment and/or maintenance of the lanceolate complex in hair follicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and synthesis of clusters possessing the same number of cores but different connection methods and properties have always been difficult. Herein, we used 2‐pyridinaldehyde, 1,3‐diamino‐2‐propanol, and Dy (ClO4)3·6H2O at room temperature (RT) to obtain the cluster [Dy4(L1)4(μ2‐OH)4]·4ClO4− (1, HL1 = 2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde‐1,3‐diamino‐2‐propanol) with square Dy4O8 cluster cores. Cluster 1 consisted of four Schiff base ligands (L1)−, four Dy(III) ions, four bridged (μ2‐OH)−, and four free ClO4−. The ligand HL1 was formed by in situ Schiff base reaction with 2‐pyridinecarbaldehyde and 1,3‐diamino‐2‐propanol in the presence of Dy(III) ions. 2‐Aldehyde‐8‐hydroxyquinoline, 1,3‐diamino‐2‐propanol, and Dy (NO3)3·6H2O reacted at RT to yield a tetranuclear Dy(III) cluster [Dy4(L2)2(μ3‐OH)2(NO3)4(EtOH)2]·2CH3CN (2, H3L2 = 2‐aldehyde‐8‐hydroxyquinoline‐1,3‐diamino‐2‐propanol) with butterfly‐shaped Dy4O6 cluster core. Cluster 2 consisted of two ligands (L2)3−, four Dy(III) ions, two bridged μ3‐OH, two end‐group‐coordinated ethanol molecules, and four bidentate‐chelated NO3−. The in situ reaction of 2‐aldehyde‐8‐hydroxyquinoline and 1,3‐diamino‐2‐propanol under Dy(III) ion‐assisted catalytic conditions provided the ligand H3L2. It is worth noting that the magnetic test showed that 1 is a typical single‐molecule magnet (SMM), whereas 2 only showed a significant frequency dependence behavior. We considered Orbach and Raman processes (τ−1 = τ0−1 exp(−Ueff/kBT) + CTn) to fit 1 and 2 in the high‐temperature range and obtained Ueff = 7.01 and 5.43 K and τ0 = 1.18 × 10−4 and 4.14 × 10−5 s, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction is one appealing approach to simultaneously mitigate the energy crisis and environmental issues. It is highly desirable but challenging to selectively and efficiently convert CO2 into desirable products. Herein, a covalent organic framework hosting metalloporphyrin‐based carbon dots (M‐PCD@TD‐COF, M = Ni, Co, and Fe) is first presented, which serves as heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 photoreduction. M‐PCD@TD‐COF not only enriches available COF‐based catalytic materials, but also provides suitable environment for CO2 adsorption and activation on metalloporphyrin‐based carbon dots. The advantages of the host environment in COFs are highlighted by the satisfactory catalytic activity and remarkable selectivity of CO2‐to‐CO conversion over H2 generation up to 98%. The photocatalytic system is effective for both pure CO2 and the simulated flue gas. This work provides new protocols for the rational design of COF‐based heterogeneous catalysts for selective CO2 photoreduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although great progress has been made in the design, synthesis, and performance expansion of porous materials, new porous materials with stable structures still need to be explored further. In recent years, porous molecular crystals formed by intermolecular interactions have attracted wide attention from chemists, especially metal hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (M-HOFs) formed by connecting metal complexes through hydrogen bonds. Metal complexes with specific properties (e.g., magnetism, luminescence, sensing, and catalysis) can expand and develop the application of M-HOFs further. However, the huge volume, irregular shape, complex coordination modes, and interference of coordination bonds pose certain challenges in the synthesis and performance expansion of M-HOFs. In this frontier, we summarize the latest progress in the use of 3d, 4d, and 4f metal complexes for the synthesis of M-HOFs, and briefly introduce the performance expansion of these M-HOFs, which is expected to help expand new porous materials with stable structures and specific functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• All of these volcanic rocks are depleted in PGEs (0.02–0.40 ppb). • Magmas reached sulfide saturation before they evolved to compositions with 7 wt.% MgO. • Sulfides were removed from the magma, extracting most of the Au and Cu from the magma. • Release of metal to the fluids from sulfides accounts for the budget of giant deposit. It is widely considered that arc magmas are highly oxidized, and can thus dissolve a large amount of sulfur, thereby preventing significant sulfide saturation prior to fluid saturation. Therefore, chalcophile metals (e.g., Cu and Au) are retained in the magma and finally extracted by exsolved hydrothermal fluids. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the abundances of platinum-group elements (PGEs) in a suite of arc volcanic rocks, which are the extrusive counterparts of magmas associated with the world-class Zijinshan porphyry–epithermal Cu–Au ore district in SE China. All of these volcanic rocks are depleted in PGEs (e.g., Pd = 0.02–0.40 ppb) in comparison with fertile arc magmas, and the PGE contents decrease with decreasing MgO from basalt to dacite. The results show that the parental magmas for these rocks reached sulfide saturation before they evolved to 7 wt.% MgO, which is earlier than the onset of magnetite crystallization. Sulfide liquid and monosulfide solid solution (MSS) were removed from the magma before it evolved into a dacitic composition. This process extracted most of the Au and Cu from the magma. Modeling results indicate that Au concentrations would not exceed 7–10 times the Pd concentrations in the residual silicate magma, irrespective of the partition coefficients between the sulfide and silicate melt. Given the low Pd contents in dacitic arc magmas worldwide, depletion of Au and Cu might be a common feature of highly evolved arc magmas. Thus, the hydrothermal ore fluids separated from such evolved arc magmas would not contain enough metals to form the giant Zijinshan porphyry–epithermal Cu–Au ore district. We propose a model in which the magmas parental to the arc volcanic rocks achieved S saturation, and thus large amounts of sulfides accumulated in the underlying magma chamber before the magmas were extruded from depth to the surface. During solidification of the magma chamber, these deposits formed from exsolved magmatic hydrothermal fluids that dissolved abundant pre-existing magmatic Cu–Au-rich sulfide assemblages. Release of large amounts of Au, Cu and S to the ore-forming aqueous fluids by dissolution of sulfides can account for the metal and S budgets of giant porphyry–epithermal Cu–Au deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the functional characteristics of inter-vehicle communication networks under the current framework, a privacy-preserving authentication framework that combines fifth-generation communication technology (5G) and edge computing technology is proposed. The proposed framework is different from that used in the previous 802.11p-based inter-vehicle communication network architecture, and we use device-to-device technology to achieve communication between vehicles. One difference between a 5G-enabled model and a traditional model for vehicle ad hoc networks is that secure communication between vehicles in a 5G-enabled model is challenging. The authentication protocol proposed in this study can be divided into two parts. The first part involves authenticating and selecting an edge computing vehicle, wherein a fuzzy logic mathematical method is used in the selection process. The second part is the mutual authentication between edge computing and ordinary vehicles. In this process, the exchange of security information between vehicles in a group is possible. Simultaneously, the identity privacy and traceability of the vehicle are ensured. Moreover, the proposed signature scheme is proved to be secure under a random oracle model. Performance evaluation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme has relatively lower computational and communication overhead than existing schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coordination-driven self-assembly processes often produce remarkable structures. In particular, self-assembly processes mediated by chiral template units have provided research ideas for analyzing the formation of chiral macromolecules in living organisms. In this study, by regulating the proportion of reaction raw materials in the "one-pot" synthesis of lanthanide complexes, we constructed chiral template units with different coordination orientations. As a result, lanthanide chiral chains connected to different structures were obtained through the self-assembly process of coordination recognition. In particular, driven by coordination, chiral template units with codirectional coordination points (called cis configuration) coordinate solely with cis template units during the self-assembly process to obtain a one-dimensional (1D) chain R-1 / S-1 with an "S"-shaped distribution. Moreover, chiral template units with reversed coordination sites (called trans configuration) and twisted chiral template units are connected solely to templates with the same configuration to form a 1D chain R-2 / S-2 with an axial helix. A circular dichroism spectrum shows that R-1 / S-1 and R-2 / S-2 are two pairs of enantiomers. The controllable construction of these two differential 1D chains is of great significance for studying coordination recognition at the molecular level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to construct a 1D lanthanide chain through the self-assembly process of coordination recognition. The assembly process of nucleotides to form a hierarchical structure is simulated. This work provides a vivid example of the controllable synthesis of lanthanide complexes with precise structures and offers a new perspective on the formation process of chiral macromolecules that simulates natural processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dinuclear Dy (III) complex [Dy2(L1)2(NO3)4]·2CH3CN (1) (HL1 = 1,3‐bis{[(E)‐pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene]amino}propan‐2‐ol) was obtained via the reaction of 1,3‐diamino‐2‐propanol, 2‐pyridyaldehyde and Dy (NO3)3·6H2O at room temperature. In the structure of complex 1, two Dy (III) ions are in the N4O6 coordination environment provided by NO3− and (L1)−, and both of these ions are in the sphenocorona configuration. [Dy2(L2)2(NO3)4] (2) [HL2 = 2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)hexahydropyrimidin‐5‐ol] was obtained using the same reaction material only when the reaction temperature was changed to 60°C. Structural analysis of complex 2 showed that the two Dy (III) ions with the same coordination configuration are in the N3O6 coordination environment provided by NO3− and (L2)− and are in the distorted spherical‐capped square antiprism. Surprisingly, HL2 with the parent of bipyridine was synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3‐diamino‐2‐propanol with 2‐pyridoxaldehyde followed by the ring‐closing reaction catalyzed by Dy (III) ions. Magnetic measurements of the Dy (III) complexes revealed no obvious frequency‐dependent behavior of complex 1. In contrast, complex 2 showed an obvious frequency dependence (Ueff = 0.49 K and τ0 = 6.62 × 10−4 s) under the condition of zero field and a weak double relaxation behavior (Ueff = 9.25 K and τ0 = 9.70 × 10−4 s) at 1500 Oe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou metallogenic province of Southwest China contains more than 200 Mt of Pb–Zn ore in carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposits, representing ~ 27% of the total Pb and Zn resources of China. Sources of metals and pathways of ore-forming fluids were elucidated through a study of the Pb–Zn–S–Cd isotopic compositions of sphalerite from the Tianbaoshan, Fusheng, Maozu, Jinshachang, and Daliangzi carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposits. δ34S values indicate that S in the deposits is derived mainly from evaporites in Cambrian to Triassic sedimentary strata, sulfates coexisting with sulfides, and Meso–Neoproterozoic folded basement. δ66Zn values and Pb isotopic ratios indicate that these metals originate mainly from Sinian to lower Permian sedimentary rocks and Proterozoic basement. There is a trend towards isotopically heavier Cd and Zn compositions of sphalerite from Maozu to Daliangzi, Jinshachang, and Tianbaoshan, which are all hosted in the upper Sinian Dengying Formation. Previous studies showed that there would be a trend of enrichment in heavier Zn and Cd isotopes following the migration of fluids and precipitation of minerals. The above observations suggest that the ore-forming fluids of these deposits are probably derived from the same hydrothermal fluid system. The fluids most likely flowed through Maozu first, migrating along the Xiaojiang and Anninghe fault belts and their branch faults to Daliangzi, Jinshachang, and Tianbaoshan, respectively. Zn and Cd isotopes could be useful tools in tracing the pathways of ore-forming fluids in this district, and heavier Zn and Cd isotopic compositions could provide a geochemical fingerprint for detecting remote orebodies in large hydrothermal fluid systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most effective way to understand reaction mechanisms and kinetics is to identify the reaction intermediates and determine the possible reaction patterns. The influencing factors that must be considered in the self-assembly of clusters are the type of ligand, metal ion, coordination anion and the pH of the solution. However, changes in ligand substituents resulting in different self-assembly processes to obtain different types of structures are still very rare, especially with –H and –CH3 substituents, which do not exert significant steric hindrance effects. In this study, planar mononuclear Ni(L1)2 (L1 = 2-ethoxy-6-(iminomethyl)phenol) was dissolved in methanol and combined with Dy(NO3)3·6H2O for 48 h at room temperature to obtain a butterfly-like Ni2Dy2 cluster ([Dy2Ni2(L1)4(CH3O)2(NO3)4], 1). The Dy(III) ions in cluster 1 are in an O8N coordination environment, and the Ni(II) ions are in an O5N coordination environment. High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESI-MS) was used to track species changes during the formation of cluster 1. Six key intermediate fragments were screened, and the self-assembly mechanism was proposed as Ni(L1)2 → HL1 + NiL1 → DyL1/Ni(L1)2′ → DyNi(L1)2 → Dy2Ni2(L1)4. Through this assembly mechanism, we found that Ni(L1)2 was first cleaved into HL1 + NiL1 and then further assembled to obtain 1. Another butterfly-like tetranuclear heterometallic cluster ([Dy2Ni2(L2)4(CH3O)2(NO3)4], 2) was obtained using planar mononuclear Ni(L2)2 (L2 = (E)-2-ethoxy-6-((methylimino)methyl)phenol) with –CH3 substitution on the nitrogen atom under the same reaction conditions. The structural analysis of cluster 2 showed that the Dy(III) ions are in an O9 coordination environment, and the Ni(II) ions are in an O4N2 coordination environment. HRESI-MS was used to trace species changes during the formation of 2, and the assembly mechanism was proposed as Ni(L2)2 → DyNi(L2)2 → Dy2Ni(L2)2 → Dy2Ni2(L2)4. Analysis of the assembly mechanism of 2 showed that Ni(L2)2 was twisted during the reaction, and its coordination point was exposed to capture the Dy(III) ions. Finally, Dy(NO3)3·6H2O was replaced with NaN3 to obtain a [Ni2Na2(L2)4(N3)4] cluster (3) under the same reaction conditions and verify the above-mentioned torsion step. HRESI-MS was also used to trace the assembly process, and the assembly mechanism was proposed as Ni(L2)2 → NiNa(L2)2 → NiNa2(L2)2 → Ni2Na2(L2)4. Herein, the effect of interference from substitution and the regulation self-assembly process were discovered in the formation of 3d–4f heterometallic clusters, and different types of coordination clusters were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coagulation-dissolved air flotation for removal of sodium oleate (NaOL) from synthetic manganese leaching solution was focused in this study. It indicates that partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), NaOL dosage and pH have a multiple effect on the removal efficiency of NaOL. The results represents a significant removal efficiency of 97.6% NaOL was achieved under the optimal conditions of coagulation-dissolved air flotation by dosage of 20 mg/L HPAM and 30 mg/L NaOL, pH 8.0. Solution pH has a significant effect on the distribution of oleate species and Mn2+ species. The addition of HPAM facilitates the formation of OL− micelle and the decrease of critical micelle concentration (CMC). Oleate species primarily exist, containing Mn(OL) 2(s) , OL− and HOL (aq). HPAM could cause the Zeta potential of NaOL to shift negatively. HPAM could decrease CMC of NaOL and lead to a transition from three dimensional network structure to lamellar structure. NaOL can be removed by coagulation-dissolved air flotation through the adsorption and bridge effect of HPAM chains on the floating bubble surface. Image 1 • NaOL is efficiently removed by coagulation-dissolved air flotation. • The addition of HPAM makes CMC of NaOL decrease. • HPAM results in Zeta potential of NaOL shifting negatively. • HPAM has the absorption and bridge effect for the NaOL removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The calcium silicate hydrate synthesized from electrolytic manganese residue was investigated as adsorbents to remove the phosphate from aqueous solutions. The effects of different experimental parameters, including contact time, initial phosphate concentration, solution pH, and temperature on the phosphate adsorption were investigated. The results showed that the phosphate adsorption was highly pH-dependent, with removal being more efficient under the pH range of 10.0–11.0. The Freundlich and Langmuir models were used to simulate the sorption equilibrium, and the results indicate that the adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir model with which the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity was estimated to be 65.79–85.47 mg/g at 25–35°C. Meanwhile, the kinetic data confirmed that the sorption of phosphorus onto electrolytic manganese residue–calcium silicate hydrate can be best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that the adsorption process might be chemical sorption. Furthermore, thermodynamic studies illustrated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal nanoclusters have a certain rigidity due to their specific coordination patterns and shapes; thus, they face extreme difficulty in folding into a specific direction to form a double‐helix structure and in further interconnecting to form metal–helix frameworks (MHFs). To date, no MHFs have been produced by the formation of heterometallic clusters. Selecting the appropriate "bonding molecules" to bond metal nanoclusters in a specific multiple direction is one of the most effective strategies for designing synthetic MHFs. In this study, we realized for the first time the control of different orientations of μ3‐NO3− to join heterometallic clusters (Cu10Dy2) and subsequently form a left‐handed double helix chain, which further joins to form MHFs. In the structure of the MHFs, four different directions of bridging μ3‐NO3− exist, three of which are involved in the linkage of the double‐helix chain. Each μ3‐NO3− is connected to three adjacent Cu10Dy2. Herein, we extend a new method for designing synthetic double‐helix structures and MHFs, thereby further laying the foundation for the development of similar DNA double‐helix structures and nucleic acid secondary structures in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two efficient iterative algorithms based on the Simpler GMRES method are proposed for solving shifted linear systems. To make full use of the shifted structure, the proposed algorithms utilizing the deflated restarting strategy and flexible preconditioning can significantly reduce the number of matrix–vector products and the elapsed CPU time. Numerical experiments are reported to illustrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoelectric materials usually contain heavy metal elements to ensure low lattice thermal conductivity κ l. However, such elements like Pb, Bi and Sb have the expenses of high prices and potential risks of pollution. Herein, we propose a novel design strategy for thermoelectrics by constructing new light element dominated materials, such as quasi-antifluorite Li 4 OTe, with a high figure of merit surpassing 2.2. The introduction of O atom in Li 4 OTe crystal causes optical phonon softening and large phase space for three-phonon scattering processes, leading to much lower κ l (< 1 W m−1 K−1) than antifluorite Li 2 X (X=O, Te). This picture can be extended to other quasi-antifluorites, which will stimulate intense interests in the exploration of the light element dominated compounds, as new environmentally friendly and low-cost thermoelectric materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Contour figures constructed to systematically illustrate fluid inclusion properties. • Evolution paths for nine types of fluid inclusions with variable trapping conditions. • Overestimated fluid salinity and correction of halite-bearing fluid inclusions. • Details for fluid inclusions formed in the Vapor + Halite region. Previous studies revealed very complicated phase ratios and microthermometric behavior of fluid inclusions, which can be attributed to the various phase relations in the H 2 O-NaCl system and different evolutionary paths after their entrapment at different conditions. This numerical calculation work aims at presenting a comprehensive illustration of fluid inclusion formation in the H 2 O-NaCl system and facilitating the interpretation of microthermometric data. We firstly illustrate a series of contours figures in the pressure–temperature projection for fluid salinities at 0.1, 1, 10, 30, 50, and 70 wt% NaCl, for the bubble curve and the dew curve, and for the halite liquidus of the H 2 O-NaCl system to demonstrate the changes of salinities and densities that lead to the variations of room-temperature phase ratios of fluid inclusions. Then we comprehensively construct the evolutionary paths of fluids trapped at variable conditions. Isochores of the entrapped halite-undersaturated fluids may intersect the vapor + liquid surface of the H 2 O-NaCl system on the dew curve, the bubble curve, or the locus on the critical curve, or intersect the bubble curve of the vapor + halite region. Isochores of the entrapped halite-saturated fluids may intersect the bubble curve of the vapor + liquid surface at elevated temperature, the dew curve of the vapor + liquid surface, the halite liquidus, or their junction. After the intersections, the fluid inclusions evolve in the two-phase regions (vapor + liquid, liquid + halite, or vapor + halite), and the detailed evolution of fluid pressure, temperature, density, salinity, and phase ratios of the coexisting two phases are systematically discussed. Evolutionary paths of the halite-saturated fluids and the extremely low salinity fluids will eventually intersect the vapor + liquid + halite surface and then evolve to room temperature. The evolutionary paths above define nine types of fluid inclusions with characteristic phase ratios and microthermometric behavior, making a necessary complement to previous studies for the understanding of fluid inclusion formation and interpretation of microthermometric data. For the first time, we present the evolutionary path for a halite-bearing fluid inclusion that experiences partial homogenization by halite dissolution and total homogenization by liquid disappearance. Underestimation of the homogenization temperature is inevitable for vapor-rich fluid inclusions formed in the vapor + halite region, therefore, such fluid inclusions, typically formed in very shallow porphyry systems, provide invalid temperature information for fluid evolution. The residual vapor phase at halite dissolution for halite-bearing fluid inclusions may lead to an over-estimation of the bulk fluid salinity by over 3 % at elevated temperature conditions. The contour figures can facilitate the understanding of post-entrapment modifications of fluid inclusions which alters fluid inclusion phase ratios and homogenization behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we introduce a novel technique that optimizes the design and properties of support structures for Powder Bed Fusion–Laser-Based Metal (PBF-LB/M) processes. The goal is to significantly ease support removal during post-processing without compromising print quality. We propose an additive manufacturing (AM) workflow that streamlines the end-to-end AM process through the creation and integration of innovative support systems, modeling software, and efficient support removal techniques. This approach enhances productivity and minimizes trial and error between design and 3D printing. Our key concept revolves around developing a "soft" support system, which can be easily removed using sandblasting. Compared to manual or machining removal, this method substantially reduces cost and time, particularly in areas with limited or no access. For locations with steep overhangs and large cross-sectional areas, the traditional strong support system can be implemented as a "hard" support. The proposed workflow allows for the development of a hybrid system combining hard and soft supports, effectively manufacturing parts with minimal design constraints. The workflow begins from a standard operating procedure (SOP) for evaluating the appropriate printing parameters to achieve a support that can be soft enough to be sandblasted for removal, yet sufficient strong to support the overhang part structure and prevent distortion. A simulation platform is developed to assess the ideal placement and combination of the hybrid support design, achieving a balance between post-processing cost and effort, and print quality. The development of this solution truly reflects the advantage of metal 3D printing technology, i.e., design freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chilled marginal rocks of the Panzhihua layered intrusion of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP), SW China, including microgabbros and olivine–phyric gabbros, are similar to coeval high-Ti basalts in the Panzhihua area in both major and trace element compositions. The olivine–phyric gabbros are characterized by depleted Nd isotopic compositions (εNd(t) = +1·15 to +4·18) and initial 87Sr/86Sr (0·7043–0·7052) similar to those of the Panzhihua layered series and the associated high-Ti basalts. The microgabbros have similar initial 87Sr/86Sr (0·7045 to 0·7054) but more enriched Nd isotopic compositions (εNd(t)=−1·49 to +0·06), suggesting that the magma was contaminated by lower crustal materials. The microgabbros have average compositions of 45·5 wt % SiO2, 8·5 wt % MgO and 13·5 wt % FeOT, which are within the ranges of the associated high-Ti basalts. The average TiO2 content in the microgabbros is 2·7 wt %, which is close the lower end of the high-Ti basalts (TiO2 = 2·5 wt %). Coexisting olivine–phyric gabbros contain abundant coarse-grained olivine phenocrysts (20–60 vol. %) and fine-grained clinopyroxene + plagioclase. Cr-spinel inclusions enclosed in the olivine phenocrysts have highly variable Cr2O3 contents (5·9–33·8 wt %) within a single host crystal. Using the average composition of the chilled microgabbros as a starting composition, MELTS simulation indicates that such a magma can well reproduce the mineral compositions and assemblages in the overlying layered series of the Panzhihua intrusion, implying that the average composition of the chilled microgabbros is similar to the parental magma for these rocks. The chilled marginal rocks (microgabbros and olivine–phyric gabbros) have high S contents (up to 1·48 wt %), but low abundances of platinum group elements (PGE). The total amounts of PGE in these rocks vary from 8·6 to 32·9 ppb. The Cu/Pd ratios of these rocks range between 0·75 × 104 and 3·44 × 104, which are significantly higher than mantle values and indicate previous sulfide removal from the magma at depth. The parental magma with elevated Cu/Pd contains more MgO (>8 wt %) than the coeval PGE-undepleted basalts (MgO = 3·2–4·5 wt %), indicating that sulfide saturation was not triggered by extensive fractionation. Nevertheless, the mantle-like Sr–Nd–O–S isotopic compositions of the mineralized Fe–Ti oxide-bearing intrusions of the ELIP also suggest that S saturation was not related to crustal contamination. We suggest that the contamination and fractionation of an early pulse of mantle-derived S-undersaturated magma in a deep-seated magma chamber most likely caused S saturation and sulfide liquid segregation within the lower crust. The chilled microgabbro formed by influx of the residual PGE-depleted, but Nd isotope enriched, magma. A subsequent pulse of S-undersaturated magma then reached S saturation during the early stages of differentiation as a result of the resorption of the previously formed sulfide liquid. This Nd isotope and PGE-depleted magma was then successively emplaced into a shallow crustal chamber along with captured olivine, generating the olivine–phyric gabbros and associated Fe–Ti oxide deposits. Our results support the interpretation that the Fe–Ti oxides directly crystallized from a basaltic parental magma at an early stage of differentiation and then formed the ore layers by gravitational settling. The composition of the parental magma does not support the hypothesis that the early crystallization of Fe–Ti oxides was controlled by high Fe and Ti concentrations in the parental magma. The moderately high oxygen fugacity (FMQ + 1∼FMQ + 2·5) of the parental magma, which was inherited from an oxidized mantle source, may account for the early saturation of Fe–Ti oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]