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As a plant classified under the “medicine food homology” concept, garlic offers various health benefits and comes in many different varieties. In this study, the metabolite composition of different garlic varieties were analyzed using LC–MS/MS quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry and ICP‐MS. A total of 30 chemical elements and 1256 metabolites were identified. Significant differences in chemical elements and metabolomics profiles were observed among the five garlic groups (VIP > 1.5). Compared to WG, PG contained 5 unique compounds, HG had 15 unique compounds, SCG had 18 unique compounds, and SBG had 26 unique compounds. Furthermore, the results showed that WG had smaller differences with PG and HG, but significant differences with SBG and SCG. KEGG analysis revealed metabolic pathways associated with the formation of differential metabolites. These findings uncover the differences and mechanisms in the composition of various garlic varieties, providing a theoretical foundation for distinguishing the nutritional components of different garlic types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the influence of different excess air coefficient (α) on the layer combustion characteristics of biomass briquettes, the typical corn straw pellet fuel in the main grain production areas in Northeast China was used as the research object, and a fixed-bed test rig for biomass pellets was built to simulate of the combustion process of biomass pellets along the height of the furnace and moving direction of the grate, 25 sets of combustion tests under 5 working conditions of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 Nm3·h-1 were carried out, respectively. The test data was collected by the patrol instrument, and the collection step length was 1 min. The collected data was processed and analyzed by methods such as matrix and polynomial fitting. The test results indicated that when the primary air flow (Qao) was not less than 50 Nm3·h-1, the ignition delay time (td), flame downward propagation rate (Rf) and fuel content in ash (ηa) decreased with the increase of Qao. As Qao was less than 50 Nm3·h-1, td, Rf, and ηa increased with the increasing of Qao. In the combustion zones of 200~150 and 100~50 mm, Rf showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing. In the combustion zone of 150~ 100 mm, when Qao was not more than 40 Nm3·h-1, Rf increased with the increasing of Qao, and then as Qao was more than 40 Nm3·h-1, Rf tended to be stable. It was found that when Qao was 50 Nm3·h-1 (α was 1.163), td was 3.34 min, and the combustion temperature was higher and the time was shorter (about 45 min) than other Qao, and ηa was 0.71%, the layer combustion characteristics were more ideal than other conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the research of energy internet, demand response has become a hot issue which has been widely concerned. Smart home energy management system, as a necessary means to realize the demand response, has become the focus of research. A smart home energy management system with multilayer structure is designed in this paper, which includes the interface layer, the control layer and the load layer. The interface layer is the human machine interface (HMI), the control layer is the central controller, and the load layer contains loads of various electrical equipment. Optimal scheduling model for smart home energy management system is constructed, which takes into account factors such as environmental change, electricity price, user habits, load fluctuation and so on. The fusion algorithm of harmony search algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the model, which got the program to meet the needs of users. The simulation results showed that the load curve was effectively improved, and the electricity cost was obviously reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]