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BACKGROUND: Understanding how pharmaceutical formulas target specific illnesses is crucial for developing effective treatments. Enriching ion channel data is a critical first step in comprehending a formula's mechanism of action. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the effective disease spectrum of the Qi Yu granule formula through network pharmacology analysis and backtracking, and analyze its potential curative effects on liver and spleen system diseases, particularly depression and breast cancer. METHODS: Using pharmacological tools and database analysis, the ion channel data of the formula's components were investigated. The effective disease spectrum was determined, and diseases related to liver and gallbladder, liver depression, and spleen deficiency were identified. Network pharmacology analysis was conducted to backtrack diseases, target gene proteins, and drug compositions. The extraction technology of volatile oil from medicinal herbs was experimentally studied to optimize the preparation process. RESULTS: The effective disease spectrum analysis identified potential curative effects of the Qi Yu granule formula on various diseases, including breast cancer. Backtracking revealed relationships between diseases, target gene proteins, and drug compositions. Experimental studies on volatile oil extraction provided insights into optimizing the preparation process. CONCLUSION: The study underscores the potential therapeutic benefits of the Qi Yu granule formula for liver and spleen system diseases. By integrating network pharmacology analysis and experimental research, this study offers valuable insights into the formulation and efficacy of the Qi Yu granules, paving the way for further exploration and optimization of TCM formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal dysfunction can lead to insulin resistance and increase the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio (NCR) is a frequently used indicator to assess renal dysfunction and differentiate between prerenal and intrinsic renal injury. However, the association between NCR and T2DM in the Chinese population remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between NCR and the incidence of T2DM in the Chinese population. The relationship between NCR and T2DM was examined using the Cox proportional hazards model and curve fitting techniques. In addition, a comprehensive set of sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed. All results were presented as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Between 2010 and 2016, 189,416 Chinese people were recruited from the Rich Healthcare Group for this retrospective cohort study. Of the participants, 3755 (19.8%) were diagnosed with T2DM during the follow-up period. After full adjustment, the Cox proportional hazards model revealed a positive connection between NCR and the incidence of T2DM (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04, P < .001). Compared with individuals with lower NCR Q1 (≤13.536), the multivariate HR for NCR and T2DM in Q2 (13.536-16.256), Q3 (16.256-19.638), Q4 (>19.638) were 1.08 (0.98-1.19), 1.16 (1.05-1.28), 1.39 (1.26-1.53). The higher NCR groups (≥20) had a higher ratio of T2DM (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18-1.38, P < .001) than the lowest NCR group (<20). These findings were validated using sensitivity and subgroup analyses. In conclusion, this study found a positive and independent association between NCR and the incidence of T2DM after adjusting for confounding variables., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)