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The advancement of conventional lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) is hindered by the shuttle effect and corresponding safety issues. All‐solid‐state lithium–sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) substitute the liquid electrolytes with solid‐state electrolytes (SEs) to completely isolate the cathode and anode, thereby effectively suppressing polysulfide migration and growth while significantly enhancing energy density and safety. However, the development of ASSLSBs is accompanied by several challenges such as the formation of Li dendrites, electrode degradation, poor interfacial wettability, and sluggish reaction kinetics, etc. This review systematically summarizes the recent advancements made in ASSLSBs. First, a comprehensive overview of the research conducted on advanced cathodes utilizing sulfur (S) and lithium sulfide (Li2S) is displayed. Subsequently, the SEs are classified and discussed that have been implemented in ASSLSBs. Furthermore, the issues of interfaces and anodes in ASSLSBs are analyzed. Finally, based on current laboratory advancements, rational design guidelines are proposed for each component of ASSLSBs while also presenting four practical recommendations for facilitating early commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reported two cases of intracranial thrombotic events of aplastic anemia (AA) under therapy with cyclosporine-A (CsA) and reviewed both drug-induced cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) and CsA-related thrombotic events systematically. We searched PubMed Central (PMC) and EMBASE up to Sep 2019 for publications on drug-induced CVT and Cs-A-induced thrombotic events. Medical subject headings and Emtree headings were used with the following keywords: “cyclosporine-A” and “cerebral venous thrombosis OR cerebral vein thrombosis” and “stroke OR Brain Ischemia OR Brain Infarction OR cerebral infarction OR intracerebral hemorrhage OR intracranial hemorrhage.” We found that CsA might be a significant risk factor in inducing not only CVT but also cerebral arterial thrombosis in patients with AA.

A proper running-in process is necessary for double circular-arc spiral bevel gears to achieve desirable meshing performance. However, this type of gear transmission lacks a suitable running-in wear model, which brings great difficulties to the design of appropriate running-in strategies. To address this problem, the present study establishes an efficient numerical wear model to reveal the wear behavior of double circular-arc spiral bevel gear pairs, based on which a step-wise load running-in strategy is proposed. The established Archard's wear model considers the meshing characteristics of double circular-arc spiral bevel gears and sets a small threshold value, which can reflect the wear behavior of this gear in the running-in stage. To improve the computation efficiency, a two-step parameter updating strategy is proposed to enhance the iteration of p and s. The wear simulation reveals the quantitative relationship contact pressure and running-in cycle during the running-in process. Based on the reveal relationship, a step-wise load running-in strategy is proposed to sharpen the running-in period. The developed wear model and the proposed running-in strategy can be extended to other types of gears with circular-arc profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The silica gel promoted straightforward remote para‐C−H hydroxylation of aryl‐urea derivatives under metal‐free mild conditions by using diacetoxyiodobenzene as oxidant has been developed. Replacing the Lewis acids with silica gel effectively improved the tolerance of functional groups and resulted in a wide range of target compounds with various substituents in moderate to excellent yields. Moreover, this transformation has been demonstrated that could more effectively and conveniently synthesize pharmaceutical and biomedical compounds which contain 4‐hydroxyarlyurea skeleton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the precision of defect categorization and localization in images, this paper proposes an approach for detecting surface defects in hot-rolled steel strips. The approach uses an improved YOLOv5 network model to overcome the issues of inadequate feature extraction capacity and suboptimal feature integration when identifying surface defects on steel strips. The proposed method achieves higher detection accuracy and localization precision, making it more competitive and applicable in real production. Firstly, the multi-scale feature fusion (MSF) strategy is utilized to fuse shallow and deep features effectively and enrich detailed information relevant to target defects. Secondly, the CSPLayer Res2Attention block (CRA block) residual module is introduced to reduce the loss of defect information during hierarchical transmission, thereby enhancing the extraction of fine-grained features and improving the perception of details and global features. Finally, the experimental results indicate that the mAP on the NEU-DET and GC10-DET datasets approaches 78.5% and 67.3%, respectively, which is 4.9% and 2.1% higher than that of the baseline. Meanwhile, it has higher precision and more precise localization capabilities than other methods. Furthermore, it also achieves 59.2% mAP on the APDDD dataset, indicating its potential for growth in further domains., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is a widely cultivated dicotyledonous perennial plant with woody vines (Asande et al. 2020). In November 2020, leaf blight was observed on leaves of P. edulis (cultivar: 'Panama Red') newly planted in Wangyou, Huishui county, Guizhou province, China (25°82'57" N, 106°50'49" E). The leaf blight occurred on both young and old leaves, starting from the margins, and then extended to the entire leaves. The color of the affected tissue was brown with a yellow hallo in the early period, and then gradually turned to grey. The disease incidence was 60%-70% on a 0.08-ha field. Following isolation of the potential pathogen from 12 diseased leaves, nine isolates were obtained. The colonies were white with a regular round shape at the early stage and became black with fluffy hyphae after eight days on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, incubated at 25°C in the dark for 10 days. The single cell conidia were solitary, spherical or slightly ellipsoidal, black, shiny, smooth, aseptate, spherical, and 8.1-13.5 μm (n=50) in diameter. Conidiophores (5.2-9.9 × 4.4-7.2 μm) were mostly reduced to conidiogenous cells and aggregated in clusters on hyphae. Conidiogenous cells were hyaline to pale brown or black, globose to ampulliform or clavate. Morphological characteristics of the isolates matched the description of the genus Nigrospora Mei Wang & L. Cai (Wang et al. 2017). For molecular identification, DNA was extracted, and PCRs were performed with primers ITS1/ITS4 for the ITS region (White et al. 1990), primers Bt2a/Bt2b for the β-tubulin gene (TUB) (Glass and Donaldson 1995), and primers EF1-728F/EF1-986R for the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (EF1-α) (Carbone and Kohn 1999). Representative sequences of the ITS region, EF1-α, and TUB sequences (from isolate WYR007) were deposited in GenBank (accession numbers: MW561355; MZ053463; MZ032030) and are included in the supplementary materials. BLAST analysis against sequences from previously published studies showed 99.58% (ITS region), 99.54% (EF1-α), and 99.45% (TUB) identity to Nigrospora sphaerica sequences (accession numbers: MN215808.1; MN864137.1; KY019606.1). In addition, homology was confirmed with a phylogenetic tree using concatenated sequences from ITS, EF1-α and TUB constructed with MEGA 7 for which the maximum likelihood method was used with 1,000 bootstrapping iterations. To complete Koch's postulates, conidia suspensions of isolate WYR007 (prepared from 1-month-old colonies in 0.05% Tween 20 buffer and adjusted to a concentration of 1 × 103 conidia/mL) were sprayed on 15 leaves (200 μL per leaf) of 5 one-year-old healthy P. edulis plants (cultivar: 'Panama Red'). The same number of leaves from control group plants was only treated with 0.05% Tween buffer. All plants were incubated at 26°C ± 2°C under a 16 h/8 h photoperiod and 70%-75% relative humidity (RH) after inoculation. After 14 days, symptomatic blight appeared on all inoculated leaves. In contrast, no symptoms appeared on leaves in the control group. The disease assays were repeated three times. Pure cultures were re-isolated from diseased leaves and confirmed to be N. sphaerica based on the morphological and molecular methods mentioned above (ITS region, the TUB, and the EF1-α sequences). To our knowledge, this study is the first report of N. sphaerica as a pathogen on P. edulis causing leaf blight. The identification of the pathogen could provide relevant background for its future management.s Sims) is a widely cultivated dicotyledonous perennial plant with woody vines (Asande et al. 2020). In November 2020, leaf blight was observed on leaves of P. edulis (cultivar: 'Panama Red') newly planted in Wangyou, Huishui county, Guizhou province, China (25°82'57" N, 106°50'49" E). The leaf blight occurred on both young and old leaves, starting from the margins, and then extended to the entire leaves. The color of the affected tissue was brown with a yellow hallo in the early period, and then gradually turned to grey. The disease incidence was 60%-70% on a 0.08-ha field. Following isolation of the potential pathogen from 12 diseased leaves, nine isolates were obtained. The colonies were white with a regular round shape at the early stage and became black with fluffy hyphae after eight days on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, incubated at 25°C in the dark for 10 days. The single cell conidia were solitary, spherical or slightly ellipsoidal, black, shiny, smooth, aseptate, spherical, and 8.1-13.5 μm (n=50) in diameter. Conidiophores (5.2-9.9 × 4.4-7.2 μm) were mostly reduced to conidiogenous cells and aggregated in clusters on hyphae. Conidiogenous cells were hyaline to pale brown or black, globose to ampulliform or clavate. Morphological characteristics of the isolates matched the description of the genus Nigrospora Mei Wang & L. Cai (Wang et al. 2017). For molecular identification, DNA was extracted, and PCRs were performed with primers ITS1/ITS4 for the ITS region (White et al. 1990), primers Bt2a/Bt2b for the β-tubulin gene (TUB) (Glass and Donaldson 1995), and primers EF1-728F/EF1-986R for the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (EF1-α) (Carbone and Kohn 1999). Representative sequences of the ITS region, EF1-α, and TUB sequences (from isolate WYR007) were deposited in GenBank (accession numbers: MW561355; MZ053463; MZ032030) and are included in the supplementary materials. BLAST analysis against sequences from previously published studies showed 99.58% (ITS region), 99.54% (EF1-α), and 99.45% (TUB) identity to Nigrospora sphaerica sequences (accession numbers: MN215808.1; MN864137.1; KY019606.1). In addition, homology was confirmed with a phylogenetic tree using concatenated sequences from ITS, EF1-α and TUB constructed with MEGA 7 for which the maximum likelihood method was used with 1,000 bootstrapping iterations. To complete Koch's postulates, conidia suspensions of isolate WYR007 (prepared from 1-month-old colonies in 0.05% Tween 20 buffer and adjusted to a concentration of 1 × 103 conidia/mL) were sprayed on 15 leaves (200 μL per leaf) of 5 one-year-old healthy P. edulis plants (cultivar: 'Panama Red'). The same number of leaves from control group plants was only treated with 0.05% Tween buffer. All plants were incubated at 26°C ± 2°C under a 16 h/8 h photoperiod and 70%-75% relative humidity (RH) after inoculation. After 14 days, symptomatic blight appeared on all inoculated leaves. In contrast, no symptoms appeared on leaves in the control group. The disease assays were repeated three times. Pure cultures were re-isolated from diseased leaves and confirmed to be N. sphaerica based on the morphological and molecular methods mentioned above (ITS region, the TUB, and the EF1-α sequences). To our knowledge, this study is the first report of N. sphaerica as a pathogen on P. edulis causing leaf blight. The identification of the pathogen could provide relevant background for its future management.