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Abstract The flexible system of wind turbines refers to the components such as blades, towers, and rotor shafts that are subjected to external forces such as wind loads, inertial forces, and gravity during operation, resulting in deformation and vibration. This paper proposes that dynamic response analysis of the flexible system, through the response data, put forward improvement measures to improve the stability. The flexible dynamic response of wind turbine was analyzed. The fluid dynamics and structural dynamics of wind turbine are analyzed by the finite element method, and the flow chart is combined to get the wind turbine velocity, pressure, shear stress, and vorticity distribution nephogram. The results provide a reference value for monitoring structural state dynamics parameters of large wind turbines. Wind power generation technology is relatively mature, and its proportion in the field of power generation is gradually increasing. Wind energy is inexhaustible and can occupy a place in the development and utilization of new energy for a long time. This study provides an important reference for determining the dynamic parameters of wind turbine operation and improves the stability and reliability of wind turbine operation. The results provide a reference value for monitoring structural state dynamics parameters of large wind turbines.

Abstract In view of the problems such as poor diagnostic capability and generalization ability of wind turbine generator bearing fault diagnosis methods caused by complex wind turbine generator bearing conditions and few fault samples under actual operating conditions, a wind turbine generator bearing vibration signal data enhancement method based on improved multiple fully convolutional generative adversarial neural networks (MCGAN) was proposed. Firstly, two-dimensional time-frequency features are extracted from the raw data using a Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT). Secondly, by incorporating multiple CGANs of different scales and a hybrid loss function, the original GAN network was enhanced to learn the intrinsic distribution of bearing vibration signals and generate diverse vibration signals with distinct bearing fault characteristics, resulting in an expanded dataset. Finally, a comparative experiment was conducted using real wind turbine generator-bearing data. The results demonstrate that the augmented samples generated by MCGAN contain rolling bearing fault information while maintaining sample distribution and diversity. By utilizing the augmented dataset to train commonly used fault diagnostic classifiers, the diagnostic accuracy for the original vibration signals exceeds 80%, providing a theoretical basis for addressing the scarcity of fault samples in practical engineering scenarios.

In order to study the effect of different warm mixing agents on the cooling and road performance of porous mixture bonded with High Viscosity Asphalt (HVA), the Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) was proposed to conduct variable temperature compaction test on the warm mixed porous asphalt mixture. The relationship between the compaction difficulty coefficient and the temperature of the mixture was obtained by regression, and the mixing and compacting temperature and cooling effect of the warm mixed porous asphalt mixture were determined. Then, the influence of Evotherm M1 and EC120 warm mix agents on the performance of porous asphalt mixture was compared by rutting tests, beam bending tests, immersion Marshall tests, freeze-thaw splitting tests, and penetration strength tests. The results show that two types of warm mixing agents can reduce the mixing and rolling temperatures of the mixture by more than 10°C. The addition of warm mix agents will increase the high temperature stability, water stability, and shear resistance of porous asphalt mixtures. For the improvement effect of high temperature stability, EC120 warm mixing agent is greater than Evotherm M1 warm mixing agent, and for the improvement effect of water stability, Evotherm M1 warm mixing agent is greater than EC120 warm mixing agent. For shear resistance, the improvement effect of both is equivalent, with a penetration strength increase of about 3% to 4%. For low temperature performance, Evotherm M1 warm mixing agent improved the low temperature performance, while EC120 warm mixing agent showed the opposite effect.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a series of outbreaks and related investigations have indicated that the virus can be transmitted via cold-chain environment media. The causal relationship between the cold chain and the introduction and spread of viruses has been established. However, due to its stealthy nature, cold-chain environment media is often overlooked. Herein, we aim to provide a systematic review of the existing evidences and logical chains of virus transmission and introduction through cold-chain, from the perspectives of epidemiological investigations, laboratory researches, and molecular epidemiological evidences of cold-chain-related outbreaks. Additionally, scientific evidences also include the survival capacity of the virus in cold-chain environments, as well as modeling of virus transmission and risk assessment. These evidences and the logical framework related to cold-chain transmission put forward the initiation of cold-chain-based epidemiology (CCBE) as one of the important portions of the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Close multidisciplinary collaboration in this field will be essential for the preparation of future pandemics.

With the strengthening of worldwide counter-terrorism initiatives, it is increasingly important to detect contrabands such as controlled knives and flammable materials hidden in clothes and bags. Terahertz (THz) imaging technology is widely used in the field of contraband detection due to its advantages of high imaging speed and strong penetration. However, the terahertz images are of poor qualities and lack texture details. Traditional target detection methods suffer from low detection speeds, misdetection, and omission of contraband. This work pre-processes the original dataset using a variety of image processing methods and validates the effect of these methods on the detection results of YOLOv7. Meanwhile, the lightweight and multi-object detection YOLOv7 (LWMD-YOLOv7) algorithm is proposed. Firstly, to meet the demand of real-time for multi-target detection, we propose the space-to-depth mobile (SPD_Mobile) network as the lightweight feature extraction network. Secondly, the selective attention module large selective kernel (LSK) network is integrated into the output of the multi-scale feature map of the LWMD-YOLOv7 network, which enhances the effect of feature fusion and strengthens the network’s attention to salient features. Finally, Distance Intersection over Union (DIOU) is used as the loss function to accelerate the convergence of the model and to have a better localisation effect for small targets. The experimental results show that the YOLOv7 algorithm achieves the best detection results on the terahertz image dataset after the non-local mean filtering process. The LWMD-YOLOv7 algorithm achieves a detection accuracy P of 98.5%, a recall R of 97.5%, and a detection speed of 112.4 FPS, which is 26.9 FPS higher than that of the YOLOv7 base network. The LWMD-YOLOv7 achieves a better balance between detection accuracy and detection speed. It provides a technological reference for the automated detection of contraband in terahertz images.

Cereal and oil video surveillance data play a vital role in food traceability, which not only helps to ensure the quality and safety of food, but also helps to improve the efficiency and transparency of the supply chain. Traditional video surveillance systems mainly adopt a centralized storage mode, which is characterized by the deployment of multiple monitoring nodes and a large amount of data storage. It is difficult to guarantee the data security, and there is an urgent need for a solution that can achieve the safe and efficient storage of cereal and oil video surveillance data. This study proposes a blockchain-based abnormal data storage model for cereal and oil video surveillance. The model introduces a deep learning algorithm to process the cereal and oil video surveillance data, obtaining images with abnormal behavior from the monitoring data. The data are stored on a blockchain after hash operation, and InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is used as a secondary database to store video data and alleviate the storage pressure on the blockchain. The experimental results show that the model achieves the safe and efficient storage of cereal and oil video surveillance data, providing strong support for the sustainable development of the cereal and oil industry.

We report on the fabrication and characterization of color-encoded chitosan hydrogels for the rapid, sensitive and specific detection of bacterial enzymes as well as the selective detection of a set of tested bacteria through characteristic enzyme reactions. These patterned sensor hydrogels are functionalized with three different colorimetric enzyme substrates affording the multiplexed detection and differentiation of α-glucosidase, β-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase. The limits of detection of the hydrogels for an observation time of 60 min using a conventional microplate reader correspond to concentrations of 0.2, 3.4 and 4.5 nM of these enzymes, respectively. Based on their different enzyme expression patterns, Staphylococcus aureus strain RN4220, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain N315, both producing α-glucosidase, but not β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase, Escherichia coli strain DH5α, producing β-glucuronidase and α-glucosidase, but not β-galactosidase, and the enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strain E32511, producing β-galactosidase, but none of the other two enzymes, can be reliably and rapidly distinguished from each other. These results confirm the applicability of enzyme sensing hydrogels for the detection and discrimination of specific enzymes to facilitate differentiation of bacterial strains. Patterned hydrogels thus possess the potential to be further refined as detection units of a multiplexed format to identify certain bacteria for future application in point-of-care microbiological diagnostics in food safety and medical settings.

The structure of the grain-and-oil-food-supply chain has the characteristics of complexity, cross-regionality, a long cycle, and numerous participants, making it difficult to maintain the safety of supply. In recent years, some phenomena have emerged in the field of grain procurement and sale, such as topping the new with the old, rotating grains, the pressure of grades and prices, and counterfeit oil food, which have seriously threatened grain-and-oil-food security. Blockchain technology has the advantage of decentralization and non-tampering Therefore, this study analyzes the characteristics of traceability data in the grain-and-oil-food-supply chain, and presents a blockchain-based traceability model for the grain-and-oil-food-supply chain. Firstly, a new method combining blockchain and machine learning is proposed to enhance the authenticity and reliability of blockchain source data by constructing anomalous data-processing models. In addition, a lightweight blockchain-storage method and a data-recovery mechanism are proposed to reduce the pressure on supply-chain-data storage and improve fault tolerance. The results indicate that the average query delay of public data is 0.42 s, the average query delay of private data is 0.88 s, and the average data-recovery delay is 1.2 s. Finally, a blockchain-based grain-and-oil-food-supply-chain traceability system is designed and built using Hyperledger Fabric. Compared with the existing grain-and-oil-food-supply chain, the model constructed achieves multi-source heterogeneous data uploading, lightweight storage, data recovery, and traceability in the supply chain, which are of great significance for ensuring the safety of grain-and-oil food in China.

When the unheated gathering and transportation technology is adopted in oil fields at high water cut stage, the phenomenon of congealable oil adhering to the wall often occurs inside the pipeline due to the low transportation temperature, and this may lead to the reduced pipeline flow area, the back pressure rise at the wellhead and the increased energy consumption of gathering and transportation. On the basis of the traditional cold finger device, an experimental device was designed to realize the circulation of test medium. With this device, the effects of oil temperature, oil-wall temperature difference, water cut, shear strength and test time, on the wall-adhering behavior of high water-cut waxy oil-were investigated. The results show that the congealable oil wall-adhering and the multiphase wax deposition are not the same deposition behavior. Serious walladhering occurs when the temperature of oil-water mixture is lower than the initial wall-adhering temperature. The walladhering temperature of high water-cut waxy crude oil is lower than the pour point of pure oil. The higher the water cut is, the lower the initial wall-adhering temperature will be. The effects of oil-wall temperature difference and oil temperature on the wall-adhering behavior are distinguished from temperature intervals. The wall-adhering behavior below the crude pour point is mainly controlled by the oil temperature, while the wall-adhering behavior above the pour point is more affected by the temperature difference. For the unemulsified oil-water mixture, the presence of water phase weakens the wall-adhering behavior. On the contrary, the presence of water phase enhances the wall-adhering behavior. Stirring or pipeline fluid flow mainly exerts shear stripping effect on wall-adhering congealable oil. The thickness of congealable oil adhering to the wall will definitely reach the limit value with time, instead of increasing indefinitely.

Freeze-thaw harm is the major factor that reduces the durability of hydraulic concrete buildings at high altitudes and in cold regions. To solve the durability problem of hydraulic buildings in alpine regions, the study prepared sixteen groups of concrete specimens with different replacement ratios of iron ore tailings and recycled aggregate were prepared, and indoor deterioration accelerated tests were designed. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology was used to analyze the pore distribution in the structure, and macro indicators of concrete mass loss rate and relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM), were selected. Combined with SEM, images, the frost resistance of iron ore tailings sand (IOT), with Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), was explored. The final analysis shows that when only RCA is replaced, the frost resistance of RAC decreases with the increase of the RCA replacement rate. When only replacing IOT, the frost resistance of IOT concrete with a replacement rate of 50% is better than that of other replacement rates. In addition to ordinary concrete, the combination of 30% iron ore tailings and 30% recycled aggregate concrete (RAC3-IOT3) has good frost resistance. The mass loss of the RAC3-IOT3, specimen increased by 0.09% compared with ordinary concrete. From the microscopic level, with the addition of the dosage of RCA, the number of macropores (0.05∼1 μm) and microcracks (>1 μm) in concrete increased. After replacing the appropriate amount of iron ore tailings, the pore space structure of RAC was improved, and some harmful pores spaces were transformed into harmless pores. However, the combination of excess IOT, and RCA, does not improve the interface transition zone of RCA. From the micromorphology, with an increasing dosage of RCA, the bonding force between cementitious material and sand aggregate weakens and there are more pores. The combination of excess IOT, and RCA, does not improve the interface transition zone of RCA but will accelerate the spalling of surface mortar because of its small fineness. All things considered, RAC3-IOT3 is the most suitable concrete for high altitude and cold areas.

The fabrication, characterization and application of a nanoporous Silicon Rugate Filter (pSiRF) loaded with an enzymatically degradable polymer is reported as a bare eye detection optical sensor for enzymes of pathogenic bacteria, which is devoid of any dyes. The nanopores of pSiRF were filled with poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which, upon enzymatic degradation, resulted in a change in the effective refractive index of the pSiRF film, leading to a readily discernible color change of the sensor. The shifts in the characteristic fringe patterns before and after the enzymatic reaction were analyzed quantitatively by Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy (RIfS) to estimate the apparent kinetics and its dependence on enzyme concentration. A clear color change from green to blue was observed by the bare eye after PLA degradation by proteinase K. Moreover, the color change was further confirmed in measurements in bacterial suspensions of the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) as well as in situ in the corresponding bacterial supernatants. This study highlights the potential of the approach in point of care bacteria detection.

Here, we report a new pentafluoropropanamido rhodamine fluorescent probe (ACS-HNE) that allows for the selective detection of neutrophil elastase (NE). ACS-HNE displayed high sensitivity, with a low limit of detection (

In this paper, a two-stage optimization strategy for designing defective unit cells of phononic crystal (PnC) to explore the localization and waveguide states for target frequencies is proposed. In the optimization model, the PnC microstructures are parametrically described by a series of hyperelliptic curves, and the optimal designs can be obtained by systematically changing the designable parameters of hyperellipse. The optimization contains two individual processes. We obtain the configurations of a perfect unit cell for different orders of band gap maximization. Subsequently, by taking advantage of the supercell technique, the defective unit cells are designed based on the unit cell configuration for different orders of band gap maximization. The finite element models show the localization and waveguide phenomenon for target frequencies and validate the effectiveness of the optimal designs numerically.

BACKGROUND:Hepatitis B vaccine that contains an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant induces apoptotic death of Hepa 1-6 cells. Difficult-to-degrade chemical additives in vaccines effectively enhance vaccine immunogenicity, but also affect the host tissue. Identification of bio-molecules that are readily degraded and compatible in vivo as an adjuvant is important for vaccine research. The hapten-carrier effect suggests that stimulation of helper T (Th) cells by carrier adjuvants is feasible. Protein D (PD) of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae covalently conjugated to some polysaccharide vaccines has been confirmed to convert T-cell independent (TI) antigens into T-cell dependent (TD) antigens, and elicit strong T-cell responses ultimately. Herein, we would substitube PD for aluminum hydroxide adjuvant in Hepatitis B vaccine. METHODS AND RESULTS:Truncated PD (amino acids 20-364) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and DEAE chromatography. After evaluation of antigenicity by western blotting, PD was covalently conjugated to yeast-derived recombinant HBsAg by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Intramuscular immunization with the conjugate induced higher level of HBsAg-specific antibody than did HBsAg alone (p < 0.05), and was comparable to commercial Hepatitis B vaccine. During the surveillance period (days 35-105), anti-HBs titers were hold high. Moreover, the conjugated vaccine enhanced Th1 immune responses, while Th2 responses were also activated and induced an antibody response, as determined by IFN-γ ELISPOT and IgG1/IgG2a ratio assays. CONCLUSIONS:Recombinant truncated PD covalently conjugated to HBsAg antigen enhanced the immunogenicity of the antigen in mice simultaneously by humoral and cellular immune response, which would facilitate therapeutic hepatitis B vaccines.

Immunosuppressants are used ubiquitously post-liver transplantation to prevent allograft rejection. However their effects on hepatocytes are unknown. Experimental data from non-liver cells indicate that immunosuppressants may promote cell death thereby driving an inflammatory response that promotes fibrosis and raises concerns that a similar effect may occur within the liver. We evaluated apoptosis within the liver tissue of post-liver transplant patients and correlated these findings with in vitro experiments investigating the effects of immunosuppressants on apoptosis in primary hepatocytes.Hepatocyte apoptosis was assessed using immunohistochemistry for M30 CytoDEATH and cleaved PARP in human liver tissue. Primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with various combinations of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus, or MMF. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using crystal violet assays and Western immunoblots probed for cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3.Post-liver transplant patients had a 4.9-fold and 1.7-fold increase in M30 CytoDEATH and cleaved PARP compared to normal subjects. Cyclosporine and tacrolimus at therapeutic concentrations did not affect hepatocyte apoptosis, however when they were combined with MMF, cell death was significantly enhanced. Cell viability was reduced by 46% and 41%, cleaved PARP was increased 2.6-fold and 2.2-fold, and cleaved caspase 3 increased 2.2-fold and 1.8-fold following treatment with Cyclosporine/MMF and Tacrolimus/MMF respectively. By contrast, the sirolimus/MMF combination did not significantly reduce hepatocyte viability or promote apoptosis.Commonly used immunosuppressive drug regimens employed after liver transplantation enhance hepatocyte cell death and may thus contribute to the increased liver fibrosis that occurs in a proportion of liver transplant recipients.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are the most common causes of infectious hepatitis. These viruses are spread largely by the fecal-oral route and lead to clinically important disease in developing countries. To evaluate the potential of targeting hepatitis A and E infection simultaneously, a combined mucosal candidate vaccine was developed with the partial open reading frame 2 (ORF2) sequence (aa 368-607) of HEV (HE-ORF2) and partial virus protein 1 (VP1) sequence (aa 1-198) of HAV (HA-VP1), which included the viral neutralization epitopes. Tuftsin is an immunostimulatory peptide which can enhance the immunogenicity of a protein by targeting it to macrophages and dendritic cells. Here, we developed a novel combined protein vaccine by conjugating tuftsin to HE-ORF2 and HA-VP1 and used synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) as the adjuvant. Subsequent experiments in BALB/c mice demonstrated that tuftsin enhanced the serum-specific IgG and IgA antibodies against HEV and HAV at the intestinal, vaginal and pulmonary interface when delivered intranasally. Moreover, mice from the intranasally immunized tuftsin group (HE-ORF2-tuftsin + HA-VP1-tuftsin + CpG) showed higher levels of IFN-γ-secreting splenocytes (Th1 response) and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells than those of the no-tuftsin group (HE-ORF2 + HA-VP1 + CpG). Thus, the tuftsin group generated stronger humoral and cellular immune responses compared with the no-tuftsin group. Moreover, enhanced responses to the combined protein vaccine were obtained by intranasal immunization compared with intramuscular injection. By integrating HE-ORF2, HA-VP1 and tuftsin in a vaccine, this study validated an important concept for further development of a combined mucosal vaccine against hepatitis A and E infection.

In China, hepatitis E virus (HEV) is prevalent and causes disease, but its epidemiological profile is not well understood. We used a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect total antibodies to hepatitis E virus in 15,862 serum samples collected during the Third National Viral Hepatitis Prevalence Survey. The results were analyzed to calculate estimates of HEV seroprevalence and to examine the effects of some putative risk factors. The seroprevalence of HEV in the general Chinese population during the period from 2005 through 2006 was 23.46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.41%-28.50%). The farming population, the age group of 15-60 year olds, and those living in the Midwest or Mideast region and in Xinjiang province had the highest seroprevalence estimates. The prevalence of HEV is high in China. The seroprevalence rate of HEV shows an unbalanced distribution among areas with different geographic location and economic development levels. The characteristics of the distribution associated may be due to the route of HEV transmission (via contaminated water or animal reservoirs). Within the same region, the seroprevalence of HEV is generally increased with age.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the most common cause of infectious hepatitis throughout the world, spread largely by the fecal-oral route. To characterize the genetic diversity of the virus circulating in China where HAV in endemic, we selected the outbreak cases with identical sequences in VP1-2A junction region and compiled a panel of 42 isolates. The VP3-VP1-2A regions of the HAV capsid-coding genes were further sequenced and analyzed. The quasispecies distribution was evaluated by cloning the VP3 and VP1-2A genes in three clinical samples. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the same genotyping results could be obtained whether using the complete VP3, VP1, or partial VP1-2A genes for analysis in this study, although some differences did exist. Most isolates clustered in sub-genotype IA, and fewer in sub-genotype IB. No amino acid mutations were found at the published neutralizing epitope sites, however, several unique amino acid substitutions in the VP3 or VP1 region were identified, with two amino acid variants closely located to the immunodominant site. Quasispecies analysis showed the mutation frequencies were in the range of 7.22 x 10(-4) -2.33 x 10(-3) substitutions per nucleotide for VP3, VP1, or VP1-2A. When compared with the consensus sequences, mutated nucleotide sites represented the minority of all the analyzed sequences sites. HAV replicated as a complex distribution of closely genetically related variants referred to as quasispecies, and were under negative selection. The results indicate that diverse HAV strains and quasispecies inside the viral populations are presented in China, with unique amino acid substitutions detected close to the immunodominant site, and that the possibility of antigenic escaping mutants cannot be ruled out and needs to be further analyzed.

The spatial organization of the cell depends upon intracellular trafficking of cargos hauled along microtubules and actin filaments by the molecular motor proteins kinesin, dynein, and myosin. Although much is known about how single motors function, there is significant evidence that cargos in vivo are carried by multiple motors. While some aspects of multiple motor function have received attention, how the cargo itself--and motor organization on the cargo--affects transport has not been considered. To address this, we have developed a three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of motors transporting a spherical cargo, subject to thermal fluctuations that produce both rotational and translational diffusion. We found that these fluctuations could exert a load on the motor(s), significantly decreasing the mean travel distance and velocity of large cargos, especially at large viscosities. In addition, the presence of the cargo could dramatically help the motor to bind productively to the microtubule: the relatively slow translational and rotational diffusion of moderately sized cargos gave the motors ample opportunity to bind to a microtubule before the motor/cargo ensemble diffuses out of range of that microtubule. For rapidly diffusing cargos, the probability of their binding to a microtubule was high if there were nearby microtubules that they could easily reach by translational diffusion. Our simulations found that one reason why motors may be approximately 100 nm long is to improve their 'on' rates when attached to comparably sized cargos. Finally, our results suggested that to efficiently regulate the number of active motors, motors should be clustered together rather than spread randomly over the surface of the cargo. While our simulation uses the specific parameters for kinesin, these effects result from generic properties of the motors, cargos, and filaments, so they should apply to other motors as well.

Abstract The study aims to evaluate whether rhythm control by catheter ablation is superior to medical therapy for the patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). The literatures were searched by using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to 12 October 2023. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing rhythm control using catheter ablation vs. medical therapy in AF patients with HF were pooled. The primary outcomes included all‐cause mortality, HF re‐hospitalization, and stroke, and the secondary outcomes included left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), atrial tachyarrythmia recurrence, quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score, MLHFQ score), 6 min walking distance (6MWD), the level of N‐terminal B‐type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT‐proBNP), and adverse events. Nine RCTs involving in 2293 patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared with medical therapy, catheter ablation reduced all‐cause mortality [10.07% (121/1201) vs. 15.26% (175/1147), risk ratio (RR):0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48–0.74, P

Abstract Background Randomized controlled trials have confirmed the effectiveness of four prevalent caloric restriction regimens in reducing obesity-related health risks. However, there is no consensus on the optimal regimen for weight management in adults. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL up to January 15, 2024, for randomized controlled trials (RCT) involving adults, evaluating the weight-loss effects of alternate day fasting (ADF), short-term fasting (STF), time-restricted eating (TRE), and continuous energy restriction (CER). The primary outcome was body weight, with secondary outcomes including BMI, fat mass, lean mass, waist circumference, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and adverse events. Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted, ranking regimens using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve and the probability of being the best. Study quality was assessed using the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis tool. Results Data from 47 RCTs (representing 3363 participants) were included. ADF showed the most significant body weight loss (Mean difference (MD): -3.42; 95% Confidence interval (CI): -4.28 to -2.55), followed by TRE (MD: -2.25; 95% CI: -2.92 to -1.59). STF (MD: -1.87; 95% CI: -3.32 to -0.56) and CER (MD: -1.59; 95% CI: -2.42 to -0.79) rank third and fourth, respectively. STF lead to decline in lean mass (MD: -1.26; 95% CI: -2.16, -0.47). TRE showed benefits on fasting glucose (MD: -2.98; 95% CI: -4.7, -1.26). Subgroup analysis revealed all four caloric restriction regimens likely lead to modest weight loss after 1–3 months, with ADF ranked highest, but by 4–6 months, varying degrees of weight regain occur, particularly with CER, while interventions lasting 7–12 months may result in effective weight loss, with TRE potentially ranking first during both the 4–6 months and 7–12 months periods. ADF showing fewer and shorter-lasting physical symptoms. Conclusion All four included regiments were effective in reducing body weight, with ADF likely having the most significant impact. Each regimen likely leads to modest weight loss after 1–3 months, followed by weight regain by 4–6 months. However, interventions lasting 7–12 months achieve greater weight loss overall. Trial registration PROSPERO: CRD42022382478.

Abstract Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is an important cause of heart failure(HF). Recent studies reveal that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists can improve mortality and left ventricular ejection fraction in the patients with type 2 diabetes and HF. The present study aims to investigate whether semaglutide, a long-acting GLP1R agonist, can ameliorate cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload, and explore the potential mechanism. The rats were performed transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to mimic pressure overload model. The rats were divided into four groups including Sham, TAC, TAC + semaglutide, and TAC + semaglutide + HCQ (hydroxychloroquine, an inhibitor of mitophagy). The rats in each experimental group received their respective interventions for 4 weeks. The parameters of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) were measured by echocardiography, Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, western-blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. The changes of mitophagy were reflected by detecting cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COXII), LC3II/LC3I, mitochondria, and autophagosomes. Meanwhile, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and interleukin-18 were detected to evaluate the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in each group. The results suggest that LVH, impaired mitophagy, and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome were present in TAC rats. Semaglutide significantly reduced LVH, improve mitophagy, and down-regulated NLRP3 inflammatory signal pathway in TAC rats. However, the reversed effect of semaglutide on cardiac hypertrophy was abolished by HCQ, which restored the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome suppressed by improved mitophagy. In conclusion, semaglutide ameliorates the cardiac hypertrophy by improving cardiac mitophagy to suppress the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Semaglutide may be a novel potential option for intervention of cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload.

Abstract Background This study explored the association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with cancer mortality risk in individuals with or without a history of cancer, to better understand the interplay between CVD and cancer outcomes. Methods Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 1999 to 2018, a retrospective cohort analysis was conducted. This analysis accounted for the survey’s complex design to ensure national representativeness. The association of CVD with cancer mortality was assessed through multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results The present study included 59,653 participants, of whom 54,095 did not have cancer and 5558 had a history of cancer. In individuals without cancer, heart failure (HF) was associated with an increased risk of mortality from cancer (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.09–1.69; P = 0.005). In participants with cancer, HF correlated with a higher risk of mortality from cancer (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.32–2.34; P