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The Pholcus yichengicus species group currently contains 47 species. It is mainly distributed in central and southern China, as well as northern Thailand.Pholcus changli Yao, sp. nov. is described as a new species of the P. yichengicus species group collected from northern China (Hebei Province).

Species of the spider genus Belisana Thorell, 1898 exhibit high diversity in Guizhou, southwestern China. Previously, only eight species of Belisana were recorded in Guizhou. In this study, nine new species are described from karst caves: Belisana bijie Wang, S. Li & Yao, sp. nov., B. liupanshui Wang, S. Li & Yao, sp. nov., B. majiang Wang, S. Li & Yao, sp. nov., B. nayong Wang, S. Li & Yao, sp. nov., B. qixingguan Wang, S. Li & Yao, sp. nov., B. xiuwen Wang, S. Li & Yao, sp. nov., B. yongcong Wang, S. Li & Yao, sp. nov., B. zhouxi Wang, S. Li & Yao, sp. nov., and B. zunyi Wang, S. Li & Yao, sp. nov. Belisana zhangi Tong & Li, 2007 is reported from Guizhou for the first time. In addition, a list of all species of Belisana from Guizhou is provided.

Three new species of the genus Belisana Thorell, 1898 are described from karst caves in Guangxi, China: Belisana langping Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), B. lingui Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), and B. tianyang Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀). In addition, a list of all Belisana species from Guangxi is also provided.

The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis, CMC) is of significant economic importance to China's aquatic industry. However, the prevalence of Planktothricoides-dominated cyanobacterial blooms (CBs) pose a substantial threat to this aquaculture sector. Despite their impact, there is limited understanding of how these CBs affect the digestive systems of CMCs. This study aims to investigate the effects of CBs dominated by Planktothricoides on CMC growth, intestinal bacterial communities, metabolism, and digestive enzyme activity. Our findings indicate that CBs dominated by Planktothricoides impede CMC growth and significantly alter immune and digestive enzyme activities. Notably, a decline in the richness and Shannon diversity of the intestinal bacterial community were observed, along with shifts in its structure and composition. The abundance of Epsilonbacteraeota, a group containing various conditional pathogens, reached 21.40 % at the family level in the CB group. A total of 26 bacteria were identified as potential pathogens in the CMC intestine. While immune activities demonstrated a strong correlation with potential pathogens, digestive enzyme activities were less correlated. Furthermore, CBs significantly impacted the metabolic pathways in the CMC intestine, leading to a marked reduction in several metabolites involved in lipid metabolism. In conclusion, this study focuses on the impact of CBs in natural environments on the digestive system of CMCs. It fills the knowledge gap regarding the actual negative effects of CBs on CMCs. Urgent interventions are warranted to support the prevention and control of CBs in CMC culture.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are critical emerging pollutants that have attracted considerable attention. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins in cereal crops worldwide, arising severe health hazards to both humans and animals. Even if numerous researches argue in favor of a notorious influence of DON on the gut, the effects of dietary DON exposure on the ARG profile in poultry intestine remain obscure. In this study, two separate feeding experiments using Jing Tint 6 laying hens exposed to 4.5 or 9.0 mg/kg DON were performed to explore the impact of dietary DON exposure on the microbial community structure and the profiles of ARGs in the intestine via 16S rDNA sequencing and metagenomics sequencing, respectively. In addition, growth performance and intestinal barrier function were also determined to assess the feasibility of using DON-contaminated feedstuffs inappropriate for pigs’ consumption in laying hens. Chronic ingestion of DON at 9.0 mg/kg did not alter zootechnical parameters. However, histomorphological impairments were observed in liver and jejunum. Additionally, metagenomic sequencing revealed that dietary DON exposure at 9.0 mg/kg level dramatically changed the gut microbial structure and shifted the ARG profile. The abundance of tetracycline ARG subtype in the layer cecum was decreased, whereas the abundance of vancomycin ARG subtype was increased upon DON exposure. Co-occurrence network analysis identified that Prevotella was the major ARG host in the intestine of laying hens. In summary, our findings demonstrated that DON-contaminated feedstuffs inappropriate for pigs’ consumption should be prudently used in hen production, and shed new light on the interactions between mycotoxins and ARGs in the poultry intestine.

The genus Khorata Huber, 2005 contains 51 species. It is distributed in the Indo-Malayan Region. Nine species have been recorded from Vietnam.Khorata ninhbinh sp. nov. is described as a new species from Vietnam. In addition, a list of all Khorata species from Vietnam is also provided.

Five new species of the genus Bifurcia are described: B. kangding sp. nov. (♂♀), B. labahe sp. nov. (♂), B. luding sp. nov. (♂♀), B. shuangqiao sp. nov. (♂♀), and B. xiaojin sp. nov. (♂♀) from western Sichuan, China. A distribution map of the species and illustrations of genital characters are provided in this paper.

China exhibits remarkable diversity of the spider genus Belisana Thorell, 1898, with 62 species recorded to date. However, the largest number of Belisana species was found in Yunnan Province (23 ssp.), while only seven species were found in Guizhou Province.In this paper, Belisana wangchengi sp. nov. as a new species is described from Guizhou Province, China.

In this study, eight new species are described from the subtropical parts of Yunnan Province in southwestern China: Belisana honghe Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), B. jiuxiang Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), B. lincang Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), B. luxi Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), B. tengchong Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), B. tongi Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), B. yongsheng Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂), and B. yunnan Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀). They add up to a total of 31 Belisana species from Yunnan in an updated list provided in this paper.

Objective : To examine the effects of peripheral blood eosinophil (EOS) count and its dynamic alterations on the treatment efficacy and prognosis of patients with advanced hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) receiving camrelizumab combined with lenvatinib (C + L) therapy. Methods : A retrospective analysis was performed on 200 patients with advanced HBV-HCC who were admitted to two centers from January 2018 to August 2023 and treated with C + L. EOS, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were determined before C + L treatment (EOS0, NLR0, and PLR0) and after three cycles of treatment (EOS3, NLR3, and PLR3). The area under the curve was calculated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. NLR and PLR served as references to analyze the effect of differences in EOS in predicting the survival efficacy of patients with HBV-HCC treated using C + L. The independent risk factors affecting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk models. Results : The ROC curve revealed that the predictive value of EOS3 was better than those of NLR3 and PLR3 for the long-term treatment efficacy of patients with intermediate and advanced HBV-HCC receiving C + L. Statistically significant differences were observed between groups with different levels of EOS0 and EOS3 and the evaluation of treatment efficacy after 3 weeks ( P

Abstract The distribution of density of states (DOS) holds fundamental importance in determining charge transport within organic field–effect transistors (OFETs). Herein, the modulation of DOS distribution in OFET devices is demonstrated by altering the chain conformation of the polymer dielectrics. A rapid film‐formation technique, specifically the spin‐casting method, is used to fabricate the dielectric layer using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This method allows for the retention of some memory of the chain conformations from the solution to the resulting dry film. This memory effect is employed to prepare thin PMMA films with different local chain conformations by adjusting the quality of the solvent. Good solvent forms solidified films with a reduced amount of gauche conformer in the PMMA chain, resulting in a narrow DOS distribution width. Consequently, the device exhibited enhanced charge mobility and a reduced subthreshold swing. The observed change in the width of the DOS distribution can be attributed to the alteration of the local energy state of the semiconductor, induced by the local chain conformation of PMMA dielectrics through electrostatics and steric interactions.

A new species of pholcid spiders, Pholcus fengmeii Zhang, He & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), is described from Liaoning Province, China. The new species belongs to the speciose phungiformes species group. Taxonomic keys to four closely related species are provided.

Four morphologically similar species of the Pholcus yichengicus species group, occurring in geographic proximity of China’s Qinling Mountains, were recognised, based on morphology and four methods of molecular species delimitation. They comprise two new species, namely Pholcus ankang sp. nov. and P. baoji sp. nov. and two previously described species: P. ovatus Yao & Li, 2012 and P. taibaiensis Wang & Zhu, 1992. Their DNA barcodes were obtained to estimate p-distances and K2P distances. In addition, an identification key for the four closely-related species is presented.

We report 18 spider species of the genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 from a survey in the Qinling Mountains of central China. They belong to four species groups and include seven species new to science: Pholcus jiaozuo Yang & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀) in the taishan species group; P. luonan Yang & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. luoyang Yang & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. lushan Yang & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. shangluo Yang & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. weinan Yang & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀) and P. yuncheng Yang & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀) in the yichengicus species group. Detailed diagnoses, descriptions, photomicroscopy images and DNA barcodes of all new species are provided. Our study will make a significant contribution to understanding species diversity and zoogeography of the region.

Substantial evidence suggests that all types of water, such as drinking water, wastewater, surface water, and groundwater, can be potential sources of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Thus, it is critical to thoroughly investigate all possible preconditioning methods to enhance the recovery of H. pylori, improve the reproducibility of subsequent detection, and optimize the suitability for various water types and different detection purposes. In this study, we proposed and evaluated five distinct preconditioning methods for treating water samples collected from multiple urban water environments, aiming to maximize the quantitative qPCR readouts and achieve effective selective cultivation. According to the experimental results, when using the qPCR technique to examine WWTP influent, effluent, septic tank, and wetland water samples, the significance of having a preliminary cleaning step becomes more evident as it can profoundly influence qPCR detection results. In contrast, the simple, straightforward membrane filtration method could perform best when isolating and culturing H. pylori from all water samples. Upon examining the cultivation and qPCR results obtained from groundwater samples, the presence of infectious H. pylori (potentially other pathogens) in aquifers must represent a pressing environmental emergency demanding immediate attention. Furthermore, we believe groundwater can be used as a medium to reflect the H. pylori prevalence in a highly populated community due to its straightforward analytical matrix, consistent detection performance, and minimal interferences from human activities, temperature, precipitation, and other environmental fluctuations.

The family Pholcidae C.L. Koch, 1850 is highly diverse in Guizhou Province, southwestern China, and currently contains four genera and 22 species. Nevertheless, the distribution of pholcid spiders is conspicuously patchy in Guizhou. Species from Guiyang are poorly studied, and only Pholcus spilis Zhu & Gong, 1991 has been recorded. A survey was undertaken for the first time to study the pholcids in Guiyang. A total of four species are reported, comprising Belisana yuhaoi Yang & Yao, sp. nov. and three other species: Leptopholcus tanikawai Irie, 1999 (new record for Guiyang), Pholcus spilis Zhu & Gong, 1991 and Spermophora senoculata (Dugès, 1836) (new record for Guizhou).

The genus Wuliphantes Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2023 is a small genus in the family Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859, with only three species: W. guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022), W. tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) and W. trigyrus Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2023, all distributed in China.A new species: Wuliphantes yaan sp. nov. from Sichuan Province, China is reported. In addition, we re-described the type specimens of W. tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) that is similar to W. yaan sp. nov.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a well-known functional marine polysaccharide. The utilization and derivative development of HA are of great interest. Hyaluronan lyase has wide application prospects in the production of HA oligosaccharides and lower molecular weight HA. In this study, a strain of Enterobacter asburiae CGJ001 with high hyaluronan lyase activity was screened from industrial wastewater. This strain exhibited an impressive enzyme activity of 40,576 U/mL after being incubated for 14 h. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed that E. asburiae CGJ001 contained a cluster of genes involved in HA degradation, transport, and metabolism. A newly identified enzyme responsible for glycosaminoglycan degradation was designated as HylEP0006. A strain of E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET-22b(+)-hylEP0006 was successfully constructed. HylEP0006 exhibited optimal degradation at 40 °C and pH 7.0, showing a high activity of 950,168.3 U/mg. HylEP0006 showed specific activity against HA. The minimum degradation fragment of HylEP0006 was hyaluronan tetrasaccharides, and HylEP0006 could efficiently degrade HA into unsaturated disaccharides (HA2), with HA2 as the final product. These characteristics indicate that HylEP0006 has a potential application prospect for the extraction and utilization of hyaluronic acid.

Four new species of the family Liocranidae are described from China and Vietnam. The new genus Sinocranum gen. nov., is erected to accommodate S. menghai sp. nov. (♂♀) from China. Further new species described include Koppe ninger sp. nov. (♀) from China, Xantharia baizilongi sp. nov. (♂♀) from China and X. cucphuong sp. nov. (♂) from Vietnam. In addition, Xantharia is transferred from Miturgidae to Liocranidae. Koppe and Xantharia are reported from China and Vietnam, respectively, for the first time.

Three new species belonging to the kinabaluensis group of the trachelid genus Utivarachna Kishida, 1940 are reported from China and Vietnam: U. linyejiei sp. nov. (♂♀), U. tamdao sp. nov. (♂♀), and U. zhengguoi sp. nov. (♂♀). Type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing, China and the Vietnam National Museum of Nature (VNMN) in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Abstract Objective This study compared remimazolam tosylate with propofol or midazolam to assess its safety and effectiveness for long-term sedation of intensive care unit (ICU) patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Methods Adult patients in the ICU receiving sedation and mechanical ventilation for longer than 24 h were included in this single-center, prospective, observational study. Depending on the sedatives they were given, they were split into two groups (midazolam or propofol group; remimazolam group). ICU mortality was the main result. Laboratory tests, adverse events, and the length of ICU stay were considered secondary outcomes. Results A total of 106 patients were involved (46 received propofol or midazolam versus 60 received remimazolam). Age (P = 0.182), gender (P = 0.325), and the amount of time between being admitted to the ICU and receiving medication infusion (P = 0.770) did not substantially differ between the two groups. Multivariate analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in ICU mortality between the two groups. The remimazolam group showed less variability in heart rate (P = 0.0021), pH (P = 0.048), bicarbonate (P = 0.0133), lactate (P = 0.0002), arterial blood gas analyses, liver, and kidney function. The Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale scores, length of ICU stay, and occurrence of adverse events did not exhibit significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion Remimazolam tosylate did not increase the total inpatient cost, the incidence of adverse events, and ICU mortality in patients with mechanical ventilation. These findings suggest that remimazolam may represent a promising alternative for sedation in the ICU setting.

Three new zodariid spiders from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden in Yunnan, China are described. A new species of the genus Euryeidon Dankittipakul & Jocqué, 2004, E. dian sp. nov. (♂♀), and two new species of the genus Mallinella Strand, 1906, M. banna sp. nov. (♂) and M. mengla sp. nov. (♂), are described. Euryeidon is reported for the first time in China.

Lung cancer is still one of the deadliest malignancies today, and most patients with advanced lung cancer pass away from disease progression that is uncontrollable by medications. Super-enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of enhancers in the genome’s non-coding sequences that actively trigger transcription. Although SEs have just been identified over the past 10 years, their intricate structure and crucial role in determining cell identity and promoting tumorigenesis and progression are increasingly coming to light. Here, we review the structural composition of SEs, the auto-regulatory circuits, the control mechanisms of downstream genes and pathways, and the characterization of subgroups classified according to SEs in lung cancer. Additionally, we discuss the therapeutic targets, several small-molecule inhibitors, and available treatment options for SEs in lung cancer. Combination therapies have demonstrated considerable advantages in preclinical models, and we anticipate that these drugs will soon enter clinical studies and benefit patients.

Child care travel is differentiated by sex: *who* makes such trips shapes the mode and distance to child care in relation to home and, for working parents, to jobs. To better understand the relationship between sex and child care travel, we analyze child care trips in California by sex while controlling for a variety of demographic and socio-economic factors. We find women are responsible for over 70% of all child care trips. Though most child care trips are taken by automobile, women are more likely to walk kids to child care centers than men. We also find that households choose child care centers that are closer to home than workplaces.

BackgroundTalaromycosis is a serious opportunistic infectious disease caused by Talaromyces marneffei, which mostly occurs in immunocompromised patients. The disease is mainly prevalent in tropical countries and regions of Southeast Asia and South Asia, but non-endemic areas also have patients with Talaromycosis. The disease has no characteristic clinical manifestations and is difficult to diagnose. Delayed diagnosis often leads to death.Case presentationBoth patients had cellular immunodeficiency. Case 1 had a history of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and case 2 had a history of renal transplantation and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. They all had fever, anemia, fatigue, and skin lesions. Case 1 had gastrointestinal bleeding, enlarged lymph nodes, and hepatosplenomegaly. Case 2 had cough and dyspnea. Both patients had thrombocytopenia and hypoalbuminemia; an increased neutrophil ratio, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein; and abnormal liver function and coagulation dysfunction. Case 1 sputum culture, blood culture, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were positive for T. marneffei. T. marneffei was detected in the blood culture of case 2, with infection of Candida parapsilosis and Pneumocystis jirovecii. Chest computed tomography scan mainly showed pulmonary exudative lesions. Although these two patients were actively treated, they died of poor efficacy.ConclusionTalaromycosis has an insidious onset, long course, atypical clinical symptoms, imaging performance and laboratory results, difficult diagnosis, and high mortality. Therefore, it is important to promptly consider and treat Talaromycosis in immunocompromised patients upon infection in order to reduce mortality.

Summary: Viral pandemics and epidemics pose a significant global threat. While macaque models of viral disease are routinely used, it remains unclear how conserved antiviral responses are between macaques and humans. Therefore, we conducted a cross-species analysis of transcriptomic data from over 6,088 blood samples from macaques and humans infected with one of 31 viruses. Our findings demonstrate that irrespective of primate or viral species, there are conserved antiviral responses that are consistent across infection phase (acute, chronic, or latent) and viral genome type (DNA or RNA viruses). Leveraging longitudinal data from experimental challenges, we identify virus-specific response kinetics such as host responses to Coronaviridae and Orthomyxoviridae infections peaking 1–3 days earlier than responses to Filoviridae and Arenaviridae viral infections. Our results underscore macaque studies as a powerful tool for understanding viral pathogenesis and immune responses that translate to humans, with implications for viral therapeutic development and pandemic preparedness.

Crop production is strongly impacted by soil nitrogen supply, which is regulated by soil micro-food webs consisting of nematodes, protists, fungi and bacteria. However, responses of soil micro-food webs to fertilization at the aggregate scale and their relationships with soil nitrogen supply and crop yield remain unclear. To address these knowledge gaps, we investigated soils subjected to typical fertilization treatments in a long-term field experiment, which included: no fertilizer control (CK); synthetic fertilizers (NPK); partial synthetic nitrogen replacement with pig slurry (OMNPK) or crop straw (RSDNPK) and incorporating biochar with synthetic fertilizers (BCNPK). The composition of different biological groups was changed significantly by fertilization, with bacteria under RSDNPK being more responsive than other groups. The co-occurrence network of the soil micro-food web had more edges in microaggregates than those in large and small macroaggregates due to the significantly higher nodal degree of bacteria and fungi. On average, 76 % of the topologically important (TI) taxa in the networks were bacteria. In modules where nematodes and protists were present, 8 %-100 % of them were attributed to TI taxa while the ratio for bacteria was 3 %-7 %. Specific assemblages of functionally important (FI) taxa covering all tested biological groups at the aggregate scale were positively associated with soil labile nitrogen, related enzymes and crop yield. Random forest regression further indicates the high importance of these FI taxa to crop yield. However, less than 20 % of them were attributed to TI taxa of the networks. In summary, distinct assemblages of taxa covering multiple trophic levels regulate network topology and soil nitrogen supply + crop yield, which provides insights for targeted manipulation of soil micro-food webs through knowledge-based fertilization to harness the biological potential of cropland soils.

Nowadays, the conflict between the supply and demand of water resources in many regions is becoming increasingly prominent. Scientific allocation of regional water resources has become the key to solving the contradiction. In this study, a regional multi-objective water resources optimization allocation model considering social, economic, and ecological objectives is established, and four improvement spots are introduced to the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) to form an improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA). By testing nine benchmark functions including monotonic and multi-peaked, the search efficiency and average convergence results of ISSA are significantly enhanced compared with other intelligent algorithms. Meanwhile, this research uses Luanchuan County, Henan Province, China, as an example to solve the water resource allocation scheme for 2025 and 2030 in the region using ISSA. The results show that the overall water shortage rate decreases to 3.49 and 2.79%, respectively, under the 75% guarantee rate, resulting in an effective reduction in future water shortages. Simultaneously, the scheme proposed has sound comprehensive benefits and can provide important technical support for the refined management of water resources, which is a reference and guidance for solving the contradiction between water supply and demand at the current stage. HIGHLIGHTS A multi-objective water resources allocation model that takes into social, economic, and ecological is proposed.; Four improvement spots are introduced to the benchmark sparrow search algorithm.; The improved sparrow optimization algorithm has better convergence efficiency and fitness values.; The proposed optimization scheme has superior comprehensive benefits and reduces the water shortage rate.;

The genus Flagelliphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996 was proposed by Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996 to accommodate three ex-Lepthyphantes species distributed in northern Eurasia. Male Flagelliphantes are easlily recognised by having a hood-shaped thumb on the embolus. The females have a long, S-shaped scape and the posterior median plate of the epigyne is grossly enlarged (“hypertrophied”).While examining Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859 specimens from Yunxia Cave in China’s Jilin Province, we discovered a new cave-dwelling species of the genus Flagelliphantes, F. yunxia sp. n. In this paper, we provide detailed description and photos of its diagnostic somatic and genitalic features. It is the first record of the genus from China.

Six species of the family Corinnidae Karsch, 1880 are described from China and Vietnam. Fengzhen gen. nov. is erected to accommodate F. mengla sp. nov. (♂♀) from China; Peng gen. nov. is erected to accommodate P. birmanicus (Thorell, 1897), comb. nov., P. borneensis (Yamasaki, 2017), comb. nov. and P. taprobanicus (Simon, 1897), comb. nov., transferred from Sphecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895. Further new species described include Allomedmassa tamdao sp. nov. (♂), Echinax baisha sp. nov. (♂), Medmassa lingshui sp. nov. (♂), and Spinirta shaoguan sp. nov. (♂). The male of P. birmanicus is described for the first time.

Leguminous green manure (LGM) has a reputation for improving crop productivity. However, little is known about the beneficial interactions with straw on crop yield and nutrient (N, P, K) use efficiency. Herein, a 9-year field experiment (from 2015 to 2023) containing three treatments—(1) chemical fertilizer as the control (CK), (2) NPK + straw return (Straw) and (3) NPK + straw return with LGM (Straw + LGM)—was conducted to investigate whether the combined application of LGM and straw can increase productivity and nutrient use efficiency in the wheat–maize–sunflower diversified cropping rotation. The results showed that in the third rotation (2021–2023), Straw + LGM significantly increased wheat yield by 10.2% and maize yield by 19.9% compared to CK. The total equivalent yield under Straw + LGM was the highest (26.09 Mg ha−1), exceeding Straw and CK treatments by 2.7% and 12.3%, respectively. For each 2 Mg ha−1 increase in straw returned to the field, sunflower yield increased by 0.2 Mg ha−1, whereas for each 1 Mg ha−1 increase in LGM yield from the previous crop, sunflower yield increased by 0.45 Mg ha−1. Compared to CK, the co-application of LGM and straw increased the N use efficiency of maize in the first and third rotation cycle by 70.6% and 55.8%, respectively, and the P use efficiency by 147.8% in the third rotation cycle. Moreover, Straw treatment led to an increase of net income from wheat and sunflower by 14.5% and 44.6%, while Straw + LGM increased the net income from maize by 15.8% in the third rotation cycle. Combining leguminous green manure with a diversified cropping rotation has greater potential to improve nutrient use efficiency, crop productivity and net income, which can be recommended as a sustainable agronomic practice in the Hetao District, Northwest China.

Prokaryotic communities play important roles in sewer sediment ecosystems, but the community composition, functional potential, and assembly mechanisms of sewer sediment prokaryotic communities are still poorly understood. Here, we studied the sediment prokaryotic communities in different urban functional areas (multifunctional, commercial, and residential areas) through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Our results suggested that the compositions of prokaryotic communities varied significantly among functional areas. Desulfomicrobium, Desulfovibrio, and Desulfobacter involved in the sulfur cycle and some hydrolytic fermentation bacteria were enriched in multifunctional area, while Methanospirillum and Methanoregulaceae, which were related to methane metabolism were significantly discriminant taxa in the commercial area. Physicochemical properties were closely related to overall community changes (p < 0.001), especially the nutrient levels of sediments (i.e., total nitrogen and total phosphorus) and sediment pH. Network analysis revealed that the prokaryotic community network of the residential area sediment was more complex than the other functional areas, suggesting higher stability of the prokaryotic community in the residential area. Stochastic processes dominated the construction of the prokaryotic community. These results expand our understanding of the characteristics of prokaryotic communities in sewer sediment, providing a new perspective for studying sewer sediment prokaryotic community structure.

Background: The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) has increased globally since the early 1990s. Comprehensively examining the risk factors would be helpful for risk stratification and the development of personalized colorectal cancer screening strategies. Methods: We performed a prospective study of the Chinese population aged 30–50 years to identify potential risk factors during a median follow-up of 9.1 years. We compared the distribution of demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, dietary habits, and medical history among 222 EOCRC cases and 87,833 normal controls. Multivariate adjusted Cox hazard models were used for estimating EOCRC risks of each risk factor. Results: Our final analyses indicated that participants with a higher body mass index (HR, 1.04; 95% CI:1.00,1.08), regular alcohol consumption (HR, 1.69; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.91), higher intake of fish (HR, 1.64; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.67), hypertension (HR, 1.99; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.81), diabetes (HR, 2.20; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.49), and first-degree relatives with cancer (HR, 1.70; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.36) were at higher risk of EOCRC. Conclusion: We identified several modifiable as well as nonmodifiable risk factors, such as higher BMI, alcohol and fish consumption, hypertension, and diabetes, were associated with EOCRC.

Species of the Pholcus phungiformes group exhibit high diversity in Liaoning Province of northeastern China. This paper summarizes the current knowledge on this species-group from this area. A checklist of 22 species recorded from this province is given, accompanied with a distribution map of the species. Pholcus xiuyan Zhao, Zheng & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀) is described as new to science, and P. yuhuangshan Yao & Li, 2021 is reported from Liaoning for the first time.

Liocranid spiders from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden in Yunnan, China are studied. Two new species of Oedignatha Thorell, 1881, O. dian Lu & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) and O. menglun Lu & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), are described, and the female of Jacaena menglaensis Mu & Zhang, 2020 is described for the first time. The specimens studied are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing, China.

The spider family Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877 has a worldwide distribution with 584 species belonging to 49 genera. Amongst these, 141 species are from Asia, including 130 species assigned to Cteninae Keyserling, 1877.Nine new species belonging to three genera of Cteninae are reported from Asia: Amauropelma krabi sp. n. (female; Krabi, Thailand), Am. phangnga sp. n. (male; Phang Nga, Thailand), Am. saraburi sp. n. (male and female; Saraburi, Thailand); Anahita medog sp. n. (male and female; Tibet, China); Bowie ninhbinh sp. n. (male; Ninh Binh, Vietnam) and B. vinhphuc sp. n. (male and female; Vinh Phuc, Vietnam) from the robustus-species group; B. borneo sp. n. (male; Sabah, Malaysia) from the chinagirl-species group; B. engkilili sp. n. (female; Engkilili, Malaysia); B. sabah sp. n. (male and female; Sabah, Malaysia) from the scarymonsters-species group. The male of An. popa Jäger & Minn, 2015 and the female of B. fascination Jäger, 2022 (robustus-species group) are described for the first time. B. fascination Jäger, 2022 is reported from China for the first time. In addition, the DNA barcodes of all the species in this study were obtained, except for B. vinhphuc sp. n.

BackgroundNanopore Target Sequencing (NTS) represents a novel iteration of gene sequencing technology; however, its potential utility in the detection of infection in deceased donors has yet to be documented. The present study endeavors to assess the applicability of NTS in this domain.MethodsThis retrospective study comprised a cohort of 71 patients who were under intensive care at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between June 2020 and January 2022. The specimens were subjected to microbiological tests utilizing NTS, culture, and other techniques, and subsequently, the diagnostic accuracy of NTS was compared with conventional methods.ResultsBlood NTS exhibited a better agreement rate of 52.11% and a greater positive rate of pathogen detection than blood culture (50.70% vs. 5.63%, p