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Abstract Background Although previous studies have found that parenting style significantly predicts emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) among Chinese adolescents, the mechanism between different parenting styles and EBPs requires in-depth investigation. In our study, we aimed to investigate the mediating effect of resilience, a positive psychological characteristic, between parenting style and EBPs among Chinese adolescents. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we used a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method to collect data in Shenyang, Liaoning Province from November to December 2019. Self-developed questionnaires were distributed to 1028 adolescents aged 10–18. Finally, the study consisted of 895 participants. The bootstrap method was used to investigate the role of resilience as a mediator in the relationship between different parenting styles and EBPs from a positive psychology perspective. Results The mean score of EBPs was 12.71 (SD = 5.77). After controlling for variables such as gender, age, left-behind children, family type and family income, resilience partially played a mediating role in the associations of paternal rejection (a × b = 0.051 BCa95%CI:0.023,0.080), maternal rejection (a × b = 0.055 BCa95%CI: 0.024, 0.086), paternal emotional warmth (a × b = -0.139 BCa95%CI: -0.182, -0.099) and maternal emotional warmth (a × b = -0.140 BCa95%CI: -0.182, -0.102), with EBPs. The effect sizes were11.28%, 11.51%, 40.76%, and 38.78%, respectively. Conclusions Resilience could partially mediate the relationship between parenting style and EBPs, highlighting that parents should adopt a positive parenting style and that resilience improvement could be effective in reducing EBPs among Chinese adolescents.

IntroductionAdolescent suicide is a prevalent issue globally, with various factors contributing to this phenomenon. This study aimed to investigate these factors and their interrelationships to better understand the causes of adolescent suicide and provide evidence for its prevention.MethodsThis study conducted among middle school students in Liaoning Province, China, from April to May 2016, A cross-sectional survey was administered to 1,028 students aged 10–19, using instruments such as the Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC), and revised version of Inventory of Parent Attachment (IPPA-R).ResultBinary logistic regression analysis revealed that adolescents aged 15–19, adolescents with strong perceptions of parental conflict were at high risk of suicide intention. Adolescents living in rural areas, adolescents with high mother-child attachment, adolescents with high father-child attachment were at low risk of suicide intention. Furthermore, parent-child attachment played a mediating role between two dimensions of parental conflict perception (resolved situations and response effect) and suicide intention.DiscussionThe study concludes that adolescents living in urban areas, older adolescents, adolescents with a high level of parental conflict intensity, and those with low levels of parent-child attachment are at high risk of suicide intention. parent-child attachment played a mediating role between two dimensions of parental conflict perception (resolved situations and response effect) and suicide intention. Interventions aimed at reducing family conflicts and improving parent-child relationships are recommended to decrease the incidence of adolescent suicide.

Abstract Background Unintentional injuries among children and adolescents are a major public health problem worldwide. These injuries not only have negative effects on children’s physiology and psychology, but also bring huge economic losses and social burdens to families and society. Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of disability and death among Chinese adolescents, and left-behind children (LBC) are more prone to experience unintentional injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the type and incidence of unintentional injury among Chinese children and adolescents and explore the influences of personal and environmental factors by comparing the differences between LBC and not left-behind children (NLBC). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in January and February 2019. Additionally, 2786 children and adolescents from 10 to 19 years old in Liaoning Province in China were collected in the form of self-filled questionnaires, including Unintentional Injury Investigation, Unintentional Injury Perception Questionnaire, Multidimensional Subhealth Questionnaire of Adolescent (MSQA), Negative life events, “My Class” questionnaire and Bullying/victim Questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors associated with unintentional injury among children and adolescents. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors affecting unintentional injuries between LBC and NLBC. Results The top three unintentional injuries were falling injuries (29.7%), sprains (27.2%) and burns and scalds (20.3%) in our study population. The incidence of unintentional injuries in LBC was higher than that in NLBC. Burn and scalds, cutting injury and animal bites in LBC were higher than those in NLBC. The results show that junior high school students (odds ratio (OR) = 1.296, CI = 1.066–1.574) were more likely to report multiple unintentional injuries than primary school students. Girls (OR = 1.252, CI = 1.042–1.504) had higher odds of reporting multiple unintentional injuries. The odds of multiple injuries in children and adolescents with low levels of unintentional injury perception were higher than those in children and adolescents with high levels of unintentional injury perception (OR = 1.321, C = 1.013–1.568). Children and adolescents with a higher levels of mental health symptoms (OR = 1.442, CI = 1.193–1.744) had higher odds of reporting multiple unintentional injuries. Compared with teenagers who had never experienced negative life events, teenagers who had experienced negative life events many times (OR = 2.724, CI = 2.121–3.499) were more likely to suffer unintentional injuries many times. Low-level discipline and order (OR = 1.277, CI = 1.036–1.574) had higher odds of reporting multiple unintentional injuries. In-school adolescents who were bullied were more likely to report being injured multiple times than their counterparts who were not bullied (OR = 2.340, CI = 1.925–2.845). Low levels of unintentional injury perception, experienced negative life events and bullying had greater impacts on LBC than on NLBC. Conclusion The survey found that the incidence of at least one unintentional injury was 64.8%. School level, sex, unintentional injury perception, subhealth, negative life events, discipline and order and bullying were associated with incidents of unintentional injury. Compared with NLBC, LBC had a higher incidence of unintentional injury, and special attention should be given to this group.

Abstract Background To examine whether the levels of aggressive behaviors and other individual and contextual variables differ between left-behind adolescents (LBA) and not left-behind adolescents (NLBA) and explore associations between aggression and other constructs among them. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted and 4530 school adolescents aged 9–18 years in north and south of China were randomly selected. The levels of aggressive behavior, personality and family and classroom environment were compared between LBA and NLBA and also the associated factors of aggression. Results The total scores of aggressive behaviors were 6.33 ± 6.35 (Mean ± SD) in LBA and 5.78 ± 6.16 (Mean ± SD) in NLBA. Multiple linear regression models revealed that neuroticism and psychoticism were positively associated with aggressive behaviors for LBA with similar results of NLBA. Cohesion was negatively associated with aggressive behaviors, and conflict and achievement had positive effects in NLBA. Organization had a negative effect in LBA. Uncertainty and dissatisfaction had positive effects on aggression both in LBA and NLBA. Conclusion This study found a slightly higher level of aggressive behaviors in LBA comparing with NLBA. Personality was the mainly associated factor of aggression, but class-based interventions were more practical for aggressive behaviors in Chinese LBA.

It has been observed that when the multi-frequency Raman scattering process is pumped by two frequency chirped pulses in the transient regime, the anti-Stokes orders are spectrally broadened on the lower-frequency side, causing each of the orders to have a broader spectrum with double-peak pattern. In this article, we employ frequency-resolved optical gating to study the spectral shift of the first anti-Stokes Raman order. A double-pulse model is introduced to determine the electric field of the anti-Stokes orders from the experimental FROG spectrogram. With the help from the double-pulse model, we demonstrate that the double-peaked spectrum comes from linear Raman scattering between manifolds in the two-photon dressed states.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has some advantages, such as a multi-component, multi-target, and overall action, which makes the research on the compatibility of TCM formula a key and difficult point. On the contrary, network pharmacology (NP) uses high-throughput screening, computer simulation, and network database retrieval to reveal the drug–gene–target–disease interaction network, predict the mechanism of action of drugs through network relationships, and evaluate the efficacy and adverse reactions of drugs, thereby determining drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity. Therefore, the TCM formula has its unique TCM theories, and this paper primarily introduces the status quo of TCM compound prescriptions using TCM theories and NP, namely, the treatment theory of TCM (the core of TCM treatment and the principle of compatibility of TCM), as the theoretical guidance to evaluate drug's properties, efficacy, and toxicity. In addition, this study aims to predict drug's mechanism of action, interaction relationship, and matching selection to provide a high-efficiency and low-toxicity TCM formula and new insights into the follow-up study of TCM formula.

In this work, a thiol–ene coupling reaction was employed to prepare the semi-interpenetrating polymer network AEMs. The obtained QP-1/2 membrane exhibits high hydroxide conductivity (162.5 mS cm−1 at 80 °C) with a relatively lower swelling ratio, demonstrating its mechanical strength of 42 MPa. This membrane is noteworthy for its improved alkaline stability, as the semi-interpenetrating network effectively limits the attack of hydroxide. Even after being treated in 2 M NaOH at 80 °C for 600 h, 82.5% of the hydroxide conductivity is maintained. The H2/O2 fuel cell with QP-1/2 membrane displays a peak power density of 521 mW cm−2. Alkaline water electrolyzers based on QP-1/2 membrane demonstrated a current density of 1460 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 2.00 V using NiCoFe catalysts in the anode. All the results demonstrate that a semi-interpenetrating structure is a promising way to enhance the mechanical property, ionic conductivity, and alkaline stability of AEMs for the application of alkaline fuel cells and water electrolyzers.

As a mental disease in modern society, depression shows an increasing occurrence, with low cure rate and high recurrence rate. It has become the most disabling disease in the world. At present, the treatment of depression is mainly based on drug therapy combined with psychological therapy, physical therapy, and other adjuvant therapy methods. Antidepressants are primarily administered peripherally (oral and intravenous) and have a slow onset of action. Antidepressant active ingredients, such as neuropeptides, natural active ingredients, and some chemical agents, are limited by factors such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB), first-pass metabolism, and extensive adverse effects caused by systemic administration. The potential anatomical link between the non-invasive nose–brain pathway and the lesion site of depression may provide a more attractive option for the delivery of antidepressant active ingredients. The purpose of this article is to describe the specific link between intranasal administration and depression, the challenges of intranasal administration, as well as studies of intranasal administration of antidepressant active ingredients.

Due to the mismatch between the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of two adjacent films, the residual stress was growing up during thermal cycling. The aim of this work is to extend the Stoney equation for the multilayer thin films with heterostructure (voids filled with gas or other solids) or unsmooth interface. The general theoretical models were built for elastic and elastic-plastic deformation in the multilayer films with void region filled with other solid or gas. The proposed closed solution (CS) was simplified for analyzing the micro/nano devices with the micromachined multilayered multilayer films structure that thin films locate on a much thicker substrate. One model of through silicon via (TSV) has been built and analyzed. Based on the finite element method (FEM) and the initial CS, a modified CS is built up. The influence of the location and thickness of void, CTE and Young’s modulus (YM) on the normal stress of the thin films was analyzed by the simplified CS and FEM. Based on the FEM and CS the linear and coupled relationship has been set up. With the FEM analysis, the equivalent CTE and YM influenced by the void can be described by equation. The difference of critical temperature for the film from elastic deformation to plastic deformation was studied.

Nanoporous metals possess excellent catalytic and optical properties that are related with surface morphology. Here, we modulated the ligament surface of nanoporous gold (NPG) by controlling electrochemical dealloying and obtained NPG with an improved enhancement of its surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) property. We found that both high-density atomic steps and kinks on the curved surfaces and high-content silver atoms close to the ligament surface contributed to the high SERS ability. The presented strategy will be useful for the fabrication of nanoporous metal with an excellent surface that is needed for sensing, conversion, and catalytic.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology can amplify the Raman signal due to excited localized surface plasmon (LSP) from SERS substrates, and the properties of the substrate play a decisive role for SERS sensing. Several methods have been developed to improve the performance of the substrate by surface modification. Here, we reported a surface modification method to construct carbon-coated nanoporous gold (C@NPG) SERS substrate. With surface carbon-assistant, the SERS ability of nanoporous gold (NPG) seriously improved, and the detection limit of the dye molecule (crystal violet) can reach 10−13 M. Additionally, the existence of carbon can avoid the deformation of the adsorbed molecule caused by direct contact with the NPG. The method that was used to improve the SERS ability of the NPG can be expanded to other metal structures, which is a convenient way to approach a high-performance SERS substrate.