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BACKGROUND Human milk (HM) is the first choice for preterm infants, but exclusive HM feeding is inadequate for the growth of very preterm infants. The hypothesis of this trial is that infants fed according to an individualized fortification regimen will have higher protein intake and improved weight gain velocity (WGV). METHODS A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted. Infants

Background Glycogen storage disease type Ia(GSDIa) is a glucose metabolic disorder disease. GSDIa patients are characterized by hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, hyperlipidemia, and hyperlactacidemia. This study aims to review the lipid status, explore lipid treatment targets, and assess preferable lipid-lowering drugs. Methods Clinical data on GSDIa patients’ characteristics were collected. Diet control and raw cornstarch treatment were used to maintain normal blood glucose and lipid level. Some patients were given lipid-lowering drugs. We compared the lipid levels before and after each treatment. Results A total of 163 GSDIa patients were enrolled in this study. The lipid level was assessed 773 times. After treatment with raw cornstarch, TG level has significantly decreased by 30 ± 50%(P

Background Glycogen storage disease type I(GSDI) is a glucose metabolic disorder caused by glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency. GSDIa patients are characterized by hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, hyperlipidemia and lactic acidemia. This study aims to review the lipid status in patients with GSDIa, explores the lipid treatment targets and preferable lipid-lowering drugs. Methods The clinical data of GSDIa patients characteristics were collected. Diet control, raw cornstarch were used to maintain normal blood glucose and lipid level. Some patients were given lipid-lowering drugs. We compared the lipid levels before and after each treatment. Results A total of 163 GSDIa patients were enrolled in this study and 773 times of lipid levels were detected. TG was normal in only 13 times of detection from 10 patients(2%). There were 26 patients who took atorvastatin or fibrates (fenofibrate or gemfibrozil) regularly for more than one year. The lipid levels could be improved after lipid-lowering drugs treatment. The therapeutic effect of atorvastatin was better than fibrates. The total cholesterol(TC) was positively correlated with total triglycerides(TG) after treatment. A regression equation was established for TC and TG, TG=-2.86 + 1.63TC. The complication of hyperlipidemia was mainly caused by TC. As long as TC maintained normal, TG did not have to be maintained normal and a certain degree of hypertriglyceridemia can be accepted. The lower bound of China Children's TC abnormal level (5.18 mmol/L) was substituted into the established regression equation to obtain TG = 5.58 mmol/L. We set a target that when the TG level was lower than 5.58 mmol / L after treatment, TC could maintain normally. There was no need for further increasing the dosage of lipid-lowering drug. Conclusion Patients with GSDIa had significant abnormalities in blood lipid metabolism. We found that there was a linear correlation between TC and TG, which was TG=-2.86 + 1.63*TC. We made a point that as long as the TC remained normal, a certain degree of hypertriglyceridemia could be accepted. We set a target that when the TG level was lower than 5.58 mmol / L after treatment, TC could maintain normally. This study found that the therapeutic effect of atorvastatin was better than fibrates.

Nonmetal materials of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain 50–70 wt% fiberglasses, which are usually abandoned as waste-byproducts during the recycling of waste PCBs. In this paper, we demonstrated a novel reuse of the fiberglasses recovered from waste PCBs for noise reduction application. The sound absorption performance of the recovered fiberglasses (RFG) was investigated by considering the effect of material thickness and bulk density. Also, the influence of covering layers on the absorption ability was studied. Results show that the high porous structure of the RFG leads to an excellent sound absorption ability in a broad-band frequency range. Average sound absorption coefficient of over 0.8 can be achieved in 100–6,400 Hz for 30 mm RFG sample. It is found that when the sample thickness increases the low-frequency absorption of RFG is significantly improved. All the results indicate that the reuse of RFG for noise reduction represents a promising way to realize high value-added utilization of waste PCBs.

Introduction Recent years have seen continuous reports about the successful reconstruction of numerous organs with the application of tissue‐engineering techniques. Thus, we assess the outcomes for vagina reconstruction using tissue‐engineered biological material, which we suggested previously as an ideal graft for vaginoplasty. Aim To evaluate the anatomic and sexual outcomes in patients undergoing vaginoplasty using tissue‐engineered biomaterial mesh. Methods This prospective study included 53 patients with Mayer‐Rokitansky‐Kuster‐Hauser syndrome admitted to our hospital. Patients underwent vaginoplasty with tissue‐engineered biological material (acellular dermal matrix). Postoperatively, a silicone vaginal dilator (length: 10 cm, diameter: 3.5 cm) was advised to be used for the first 3–6 months to prevent contraction of the neovagina. Follow‐up was performed at 4 weeks, 12 weeks, 12 months, and then annually. Twenty‐four age‐matched women who underwent health examinations during the same time period were selected as a health control group and answered Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaires for the purpose of comparing sexuality. Main Outcome Measures Anatomic success was defined by a vaginal length ≥8 cm and a width allowing the easy introduction of two fingers. Sexual outcomes were assessed at the 12‐month follow‐up according to body image perception and FSFI questionnaires validated for the Chinese‐speaking population. Results No severe intra‐operative complications occurred. No graft‐related infection, rejection, or detachment was recorded. The cost for tissue‐engineered biomaterial graft was $1,900 (¥12,000) per person. Postoperatively, granulomatous polyps occurred in 6/53 patients (11.3%) at the vaginal vault and were removed in an outpatient clinic. During a mean follow‐up of 21.1 months, the anatomic success rate was 100%, and all of the patients were satisfied with their body image. Postoperatively, 42 patients were followed up for more than 1 year, and 32 of them were sexually active. Among the 24/32 patients (75%) who answered the FSFI questionnaire, the mean total FSFI score was 26.7 ± 3.5, which was similar to that of the control group (25.6 ± 7.4, P = 0.46). The similarity was also observed in six separate domains of the functional aspect of female sexuality. Conclusions Vaginoplasty with tissue‐engineered biomaterial graft is a safe, effective, minimally invasive cosmetic procedure that provides near normal sexual function for patients with vaginal aplasia.

The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using glass fibers, a recycled material from waste printed circuit boards (WPCB), as sound absorption and thermal insulation material. Glass fibers were obtained through a fluidized-bed recycling process. Acoustic properties of the recovered glass fibers (RGF) were measured and compared with some commercial sound absorbing materials, such as expanded perlite (EP), expanded vermiculite (EV), and commercial glass fiber. Results show that RGF have good sound absorption ability over the whole tested frequency range (100-6400 Hz). The average sound absorption coefficient of RGF is 0.86, which is prior to those of EP (0.81) and EV (0.73). Noise reduction coefficient analysis indicates that the absorption ability of RGF can meet the requirement of II rating for sound absorbing material according to national standard. The thermal insulation results show that RGF has a fair low thermal conductivity (0.046 W/m K), which is comparable to those of some insulation materials (i.e., EV, EP, and rock wool). Besides, an empirical dependence of thermal conductivity on material temperature was determined for RGF. All the results showed that the reuse of RGF for sound and thermal insulation material provided a promising way for recycling WPCB and obtaining high beneficial products.

The literature advocates preoperative vaginal estrogen (VE) therapy to reduce mesh exposure in pelvic organ prolapsed (POP); however, there are no comparative studies so far. This study aims to compare the effects of preoperative VE and non-VE therapy for the incidence of mesh exposure in postmenopausal women after transvaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery (PRS) with mesh.A randomized noninferiority single-surgeon study of 186 women with severe POP was conducted. Ninety-three women (VE group) received 0.5 g promestriene cream twice a week transvaginally for 6 weeks before PRS with mesh, and 93 women (non-VE group) underwent PRS with mesh 6 weeks after enrollment without pharmacologic preparation. The primary outcome was the occurrence of mesh exposure within 1 year.Overall, 173 of 186 participants (93.0%) completed 1-year follow-up. In an intention-to-treat analysis, the proportion of participants experiencing mesh exposure was 16.1% (15 of 93) in the VE group versus 12.9% (12 of 93) in the non-VE group (P = 0.024 for noninferiority). Both exposure area and time to exposure did not differ between the two groups. Similarly, no detectable differences at month 12 were found in terms of anatomic success, good response on the Patient Global Impression of Change, improvement in quality of life and sexual function, and complications. The result of per-protocol analysis agreed with that seen in the intention-to-treat analysis.In postmenopausal women with severe POP who underwent transvaginal PRS with mesh, non-VE therapy before surgery was noninferior to VE therapy regarding mesh exposure rate within 1 year of follow-up.

Objectives: To investigate the histologic characteristics of tissues presumed to be the cause of urinary stress incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Methods: Cardinal ligament and uterosacral ligament samples were obtained from 73 women undergoing hysterectomy. The evaluation of estrogen receptors (ERs) by immunohistochemical staining was semi-quantitative. Serum estrogen was determined by ELISA. Statistical analyses were performed by the independent-sample t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: Serum estradiol levels and ER values in the premenopausal women with pelvic organ prolapse were significantly lower than in the control group (P

To evaluate anatomic and sexual outcomes among young women with severe pelvic organ prolapse undergoing combined trachelectomy and laparoscopic high uterosacral ligament suspension (LHUS).In a prospective study in Beijing, China, patients (aged ≤50 years) with pelvic organ prolapse of stage III or higher according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) were enrolled between November 2007 and August 2011. After combined trachelectomy and LHUS, patients were followed up at 6 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, and yearly thereafter. Anatomic success was defined as POP-Q lower than stage II. Sexual outcomes were assessed at 6 months via the validated Short-Form Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12), and compared with a control group of 39 healthy age-matched women.Among 49 patients, surgical success and patient satisfaction rates were 100% after a median follow-up of 54 months. Among 48 patients who were sexually active at follow-up, 39 (81%) completed the PISQ-12 questionnaire. The 6-month PISQ-12 score was higher than the preoperative score overall (38.1 vs 26.4, P0.001) and for all three subscale domains (P≤0.001). The PISQ-12 score of postoperative patients was similar to that of control women (36.8, P=0.52).Trachelectomy combined with LHUS produced satisfactory medium-term anatomic and functional outcomes for young women with severe uterine prolapse.

This study investigated the feasibility of using acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) waste plastic and nonmetal particles from waste printed circuit boards (WPCB) to manufacture reproduction composites (RC), with the aim of co-recycling these two waste resources. The composites were prepared in a twin-crew extruder and investigated by means of mechanical testing, in situ flexural observation, thermogravimatric analysis, and dimensional stability evaluation. The results showed that the presence of nonmetal particles significantly improved the mechanical properties and the physical performance of the RC. A loading of 30 wt% nonmetal particles could achieve a flexural strength of 72.6 MPa, a flexural modulus of 3.57 GPa, and an impact strength of 15.5 kJ/m2. Moreover, it was found that the application of maleic anhydride-grafted ABS as compatilizer could effectively promote the interfacial adhesion between the ABS plastic and the nonmetal particles. This research provides a novel method to reuse waste ABS and WPCB nonmetals for manufacturing high value-added product, which represents a promising way for waste recycling and resolving the environmental problem.

To evaluate clinical and sexual outcomes in women with severe uterine prolapsed at child-bearing period undergoing laparoscopic high uterosacral ligament suspension combined with cervical amputation.From November 2007 to March 2010, 34 patients ( ≤ 50 years old) with severe uterine prolapse (prolapse group) who had already given birth and underwent laparoscopic high uterosacral ligament suspension combined with cervical amputation in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients were defined as Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) stage III. Follow-up was performed at 1, 6, and 12 months, and then annually. Anatomic failure was defined as ≥ 1 pelvic compartment classified as POP-Q ≥ stage II.Sexual outcomes were assessed at baseline and 3-year follow-up according to validated Short-Form Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). Thirty one age-matched women who underwent health examinations during the same time period were selected as a healthy control group.Mean age of women at prolapse group were (39 ± 5) years and average surgery time were (51 ± 8) minutes. No severe intraoperative complications occurred, including urethral twist, bladder and rectum injury, pelvic hemotoma. All patients were followed up for more than 3 years, the mean following up period was 40 months (36-64 months). Based on stage II of POP-Q as recurrence criteria, the anatomical success and patient satisfaction rates were both 100% (34/34). POP-Q point C and D measurements were significantly higher after surgery then those at preoperative values [C:(-5.4 ± 0.6) cm versus (2.2 ± 0.7) cm, D:(-6.7 ± 0.4) cm versus (-4.0 ± 0.7) cm; P0.01 for all]. Three years postoperatively, 33 patients were sexually active. Among the 94% (31/33) patients who answered the PISQ-12 questionnaire, there was significant improvement in post- and preoperative total PISQ-12 scores (38 versus 26, P0.01) and in all three subscale PISQ-12 domains (P0.01 for all). The postoperative PISQ-12 score was similar to that of the control group (38 ± 6 versus 37 ± 3, P0.05).Laparoscopic high uterosacral ligament suspension combined with cervical amputation conferred satisfying long-term anatomic and sexual function outcomes in women at child-bearing age.

Nonmetal materials take up about 70 wt% of waste printed wiring boards (WPWB), which are usually recycled as low-value fillers or even directly disposed by landfill dumping and incineration. In this research, a novel reuse ofthe nonmetals to produce porous composites for sound absorbing application was demonstrated. The manufacturing process, absorbing performance and mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The results show that the high porous structure of the composites leads to an excellent sound absorption ability in broad-band frequency range. Average absorption coefficient of above 0.4 can be achievedby the composite in the frequency range from 100 to 6400 Hz. When the particle size is larger than 0.2 mm, the absorption ability of the composite is comparable to that of commercial wood-fibre board and urea-formaldehyde foam. Mechanical analysis indicates that the porous composites possess sufficient structural strength for self-sustaining applications. All the results indicate that producing sound absorbing composite with nonmetal particles from WPWB provides an efficient and profitable way for recycling this waste resource and can resolve both the environment pollution and noise pollution problems.

Objective To evaluate anatomic and sexual outcomes among patients with severe pelvic organ prolapse, defined as stage III or higher by Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q), who underwent modified laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. Methods Between March 2007 and December 2010, a prospective study in Beijing, China, enrolled 21 patients who underwent vaginal hysterectomy, followed by modified laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with the attachment of mesh straps transvaginally and the sacral attachment of mesh laparoscopically. Patients were assessed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and yearly. Anatomic success was defined as POP-Q lower than stage II. Sexual outcomes were assessed via the short-form Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). Results During a median follow-up of 43.5 months (range 18–60 months), the surgical success rate was 100%, the patient satisfaction rate was 90.4%, and 1 patient (4.8%) experienced mesh exposure. Postoperatively, 20 patients were sexually active (95.2%). There was a significant improvement between pre- and postoperative PISQ-12 scores both for the total score (31.6 vs 38.5; P Conclusion Modified laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with mesh seemed to be safe and might simplify the surgical approach to severe POP with satisfying anatomic and functional outcomes. It did not affect sexual function negatively.