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The soil water supply and atmospheric humidity conditions are crucial in controlling plants’ stomatal behavior and water use efficiency. When there is water stress caused by an increase in saturated water vapor pressure (VPD) and a decrease in soil water content (SWC), plants tend to close stomata to reduce water loss. This affects the gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET), subsequently leading to changes in water use efficiency (WUE) and carbon use efficiency (CUE) in plants. However, land–atmosphere interactions mean that water vapor in the atmosphere and soil moisture content causing water stress for plants are closely related. This study aims to compare and estimate the effects of VPD and SWC on the carbon cycle and water cycle for different plant functional types. Based on the fluxnet2015 dataset from around the world, the WUE and CUE of five plant functional types (PFTs) were estimated under varying levels of VPD and SWC. The results showed that high VPD and low SWC limit the stomatal conductance (Gs) and gross primary productivity (GPP) of plants. However, certain types of vegetation (crops, broad-leaved forests) could partially offset the negative effects of high VPD with higher SWC. Notably, higher SWC could even alleviate limitations and partially promote the increase in GPP and net primary production (NPP) with increasing VPD. WUE and CUE were directly affected by Gs and productivity. In general, the increase in VPD in the five PFTs was the dominant factor in changing WUE and CUE. The impact of SWC limitations on CUE was minimal, with an overall impact of only −0.05μmol/μmol on the four PFTs. However, the CUE of savanna plants changed differently from the other four PFTs. The rise in VPD dominated the changes in CUE, and there was an upward trend as SWC declined, indicating that the increase in VPD and decrease in SWC promote the increase in the CUE of savanna plants to some extent.

Facing the conflict between human activities and the ecological environment, this study proposes a “Virtuous Cycle” concept of water resource management and top-level planning. By analyzing and summarizing typical experiences from both macro-policy and micro-practice, the characteristics and mechanisms of the Virtuous Cycle are discussed. According to the analysis method of “Problem-Attribution-Goal-Task-Measures” (PAGTM), taking the “Five Water Governance” water management project in Zhejiang Province of China as a case study, the specific measures and technical framework of the Virtuous Cycle are explored. This study hopes to provide a reference for the top-level planning and path design of harmonious and sustainable natural-social water resources management.

Freshwater is an essential resource for human lives, agriculture, industry, and ecology. Future water supply, water withdrawal, and water security under the impacts of climate change and human interventions have been of key concern. Numerous studies have projected future changes in river runoff and surface water resources under climate change. However, the changes in the major water withdrawal components including agricultural irrigation water, industrial, domestic and ecological water withdrawal, as well as the balance between water supply and withdrawal, under the joint impacts of climate change and socio-economic development have been seldom investigated, especially at the basin and national scales. In this study, changes in surface water resources, agricultural irrigation water, industrial, domestic and ecological water withdrawal, as well as the balances between water supply and withdrawal, under the baseline climate (2006-2015), 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming scenarios (2106-2115) in the 10 major basins across China, were investigated by combining modelling and local census data. The results showed that water withdrawal exceeded water supply in the basins of Liao River, Northwest River, Hai River, Yellow River and Huai River in the baseline period. Under the 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming scenarios, the shortage of water resources would aggravate in the above-mentioned basins and the Songhua River basin. And the surplus of water resources would reduce substantially in the basins of Yangtze River, Southeast River and Pearl River. Overall, the difference between water supply and water withdrawal was 435.88 billion m

This study hopes to develop a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method for equitable and efficient allocation of water resources under scarcity. Based on the Bankruptcy problems, five classic plus one proposed allocation rules are introduced to generate water distribution alternatives. The “Core” solution of Cooperative Game Theory (CGT) and the Security Restriction have been used to select feasible alternatives. Additionally, five voting methods in Social Choice Theory (SCT) are launched to aggregate preferences and obtain a “win” alternative. Apply this model to the 2030 water allocation planning project of Ezhou City, China, as a case study. Under the proposed rule, Adjust minimal overlap rule (AMO), five regions, Urban Area, Gedian DZ, and three counties, hold the water deficit rate of 5.9%, 15.8%, and 4.7%-6.1%, respectively. In aggregating preferences by voting, AMO wins four out of five methods and takes second place in the last one, which provides some insights for allocating water fairly and feasibly.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive technique to completely peel the pathological mucosa from the submucosa under endoscopy, which has been often utilized to treat early gastric cancer. During the operation, anesthesia is required to reduce the discomfort due to the complexity, high risk, and longtime operation of ESD. In this study, we compared different anesthesia methods on anesthetic effect and postoperative pain in patients (≥65 years old) with early gastric cancer during ESD. For this purpose, 60 patients with early gastric cancer who were more than 65 years old were selected from January 2019 to December 2021, where 30 patients treated with simple intravenous general anesthesia were divided into the simple group and 30 patients treated with intravenous combined inhalation general anesthesia were regarded as the composite group. The hemodynamic index, wake-up time, postoperative pain intensity, operation time, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. For the hemodynamic index before incision, after incision, and at the end of the operation, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the composite group was higher than that in the simple group P < 0.05 and the heart rate (HR) was lower than that in the simple group P < 0.05 . After the ESD operation, the wake-up time and visual analogue scale (VAS) in the composite group were lower than those in the simple group P < 0.05 . In addition, the ESD operation time and incidence of adverse reactions in the composite group was significantly lower than that in the simple group P < 0.05 . These results showed that intravenous combined inhalation general anesthesia had a good anesthetic effect, stable hemodynamics during ESD operation, and slight postoperative pain.

In the recent years, there is a strong desire for discovering light-sensitive materials that can exhibit excellent photocatalytic behavior for purifying the pollutants in water or detecting some type of materials via decomposing the chemical bonds, but most of previous photocatalytic materials need an excitation source. Hence, exploring novel photocatalytic materials that can continuously have the photocatalytic behavior, after removal off the excitation source, becomes desirable. In this work, we report a type of double perovskite La2MgGaO6:Eu2+ blue-emitting afterglow phosphor that can act as a ceramic substrate to immobilize the TiO2 powder. Our results reveal that exciting with the UV light does not change Eu2+-emission shape and position with changing the Eu2+ doping content, showing the maximum intensity at 385 nm. Moreover, the La2MgGaO6:Eu2+ phosphor after irradiating with an UV light can show the Eu2+-blue afterglow luminescence, which broadly covers the absorption region of TiO2. As a result, the UV-converted Eu2+ afterglow ceramic composite, fabricating by the TiO2 and La2MgGaO6:Eu2+ blue phosphor, shows the photocatalytic behavior. Our results reveal the afterglow behavior of La2MgGaO6:Eu2+ help the TiO2 to absorb the photons, allowing the TiO2 to perform the photocatalytic behavior for cement concrete-related methyl orange (MO) degradation (∼3.5 h) without external excitation source. Thus, decomposing the MO chemical bonds can allow to detecting cement concrete-related MO degradation.

Nowadays, tunable luminescence that can be only pumped upon excitation at an invisible single ultraviolet (UV) wavelength has attracted great attentions in the lighting fields. Unlike most of previous works which focus mainly on the application of luminescent phosphor materials for phosphor converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-wLEDs), a new type of germanate phosphor luminescent material, which can emit a broadly tunable spectral range and show the promising for cement application, has been reported in this work. As for the structure purity of the as-obtained germanate phosphor materials, we, based on the XRD results, reveal that they belong to a trigonal structure with the space group of R3 (No. 146). The luminescent centers, i.e., the +3 europium and +3 bismuth ions, which tend to substitute the Lu sites in the germinate crystal host, can emit the blue emission and the red emission upon excitation at 297 nm and 393 nm, respectively. Due the great spectral overlapping between the excitation wavelength of +3 europium and the emission wavelength of +3 bismuth, the energy transfer from +3 bismuth to +3 europium is demonstrated. More remarkable, fixing the doping content of +3 bismuth yet changing the doping content of +3 europium can induce the emission color tuning from blue, white and to red. In order to explain the PL results we achieved, here we also construct a mechanistic pattern based on the energy transfer from +3 bismuth to +3 europium. Our results show that such germanate materials can suggested for cement application.

Janus structural interfacial vaporization by separating the solar absorber from the bulk working fluid has attracted tremendous attention due to its low heat losses and high solar conversion efficiency for desalination, water purification, energy generation, etc. However, a totally separated double-deck structure with a discontinuous interfacial transition and inefficient photothermic materials undermines its long-term use and large-scale practical exploitation. Herein, a low-cost Janus monolithic chitosan aerogel with continuous aligned run-through microchannels has been demonstrated to have a highly efficient photothermic effect on seawater desalination and wastewater purification. The top solar absorber layer enhances broadband light absorption and photothermal conversion efficiency via the multiple internal reflection of incident light in the aligned microchannels. Moreover, the insulating/hydrophilic bottom layer promotes water transportation and heat localization, and simultaneously prevents salt/fouling accumulation. As a result, a long-term solar vaporization rate of ∼1.76 kg m-2 h-1 is achieved, corresponding to a light-to-vapor efficiency of ∼91% under 1 sun irradiation. Notably, the large-vessel microchannels throughout the aerogel and favorable swelling property provide sufficient water replenishment and storage for completely isolating self-contained evaporation, illustrating an enhanced and time-extended self-contained solar steam generation. Such a low-cost bilayer aerogel with remarkable cycling stability in various fluids offers potential opportunities for freshwater production in remote rural areas.

Background: Radiotherapy is a main method for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, radiation resistance of tumor cells is the main reason for poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to screen the differentially expressed protein (DEP), and its key protein related to radiation resistance in photon-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cell line H1299. Methods: In this study, we investigated the cell viability and colony formation were examined to evaluate the potent proliferation-inhibiting effect of photo therapy on the H1299 cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. Further we selected the appropriate irradiation dose after photon irradiation of radioresistant cell H1299 for screening and validation of radioresistance-related DEPs by proteomic analysis. Furthermore, we also studied the SLC2A1 and irradiation sensitivity potential. Results: The results showed a dose‑dependent decrease of viable cell percentage following high dose of exposure (at dose of 8 and 10 Gy), and a prolonged the prolongation of H1299 cell cycle arrest, induced apoptosis. Proteomic analysis using iTRAQ revealed a total of 46 DEPs were identified including 30 up-regulated and 16 down-regulated DEPs in inhibition. Western blotting validated the respective changes in protein expression. DEPs were significantly associated with five-year survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, after knocking down SLC2A1, it was found that 4Gy radiation could significantly inhibit the proliferation of H1299 cells and regulate G2 phase arrest of cell cycle by down-regulating Cdk2. Conclusions: These findings suggest the ITGA6,EIF4G1 and SLC2A1 protein is closely related to radiation resistance of lung adenocarcinoma, and SLC2A1 expression is significantly related to patient survival, so it can increase the sensitivity of H1299 cells to photon rays.

The effects of two types of recycled micro-powder (concrete powder and brick powder) replacing part of cement on the mechanical properties of cement mortar were studied. The results show that the contribution of recycled concrete powder to concrete strength is slightly stronger than that of brick powder. In a certain range of dosage, the performance of recycled concrete powder is close to that of pure cement. When the content of recycled concrete powder is less than 10 %, the compressive strength and flexural strength of cement mortar will not be greatly affected: over 20% cement mortar strength will decrease significantly. When the grinding content of recycled concrete is 5 %, the strength of cement mortar is even increased by 4.5 %. The relationship between recycled brick powder content and cement mortar strength is almost linear to 20% limit. The more recycled brick powder content is, the more obvious the cement mortar strength decreases. The particle size of regenerated powder has a certain influence on its activity. After a certain time of ball milling, the activity of regenerated powder can be effectively increased, but the ball milling time is too long, resulting in very fine particles. The activity of regenerated powder increases slightly with the increase of ball milling time, but the effect gradually decreases after more than 1 h.

Global climate change will change the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation, as well as the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation. The Yangtze River basin is one of the world’s largest basins, and understanding the future precipitation changes should be vital to flood control, water resources supply, and hydropower electricity generation in this basin. In this study, projected future characteristics of precipitation are analyzed in the upper Yangtze river basin (UYRB). To this end, based on the observed data from national meteorological stations, the bias correction spatial downscaling (BCSD) of five models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) is carried out. Then, based on the results of multi model ensemble (MME), we find that, relative to the historical period (1988–2014), the mean annual precipitation in the whole UYRB during 2015–2064 increases by 4.23%, 1.11%, 1.24% under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5, respectively, and it increases more in the long term (2040-2064) than that in the near term (2015–2039). Under SSP1–2.6, the precipitation will increase more significantly, which means lower emission of aerosols and greenhouse gases may increase the risk of flood disaster in the future over the UYRB. Interdecadal precipitation variability is more intense than interannual precipitation variability. Future precipitation changes in four seasons are spatially heterogeneous under three scenarios. Three extreme precipitation indices, including R95p, Rx1day and R10 mm, generally increase in the UYRB. R95p and Rx1day increase more in the WR and YBYCR basins with relatively high mean annual precipitation than that in other three sub-basins. R10 mm changes slightly in all sub-basins. The results reveal that the lower region of the UYRB may face greater risk of extreme precipitation. This study provides a timely updated finding about future changes in precipitation in the UYRB based on more accurate climate projections and ground-based observation.

The lumped hydrological model and empirical model have the problems of low accuracy and short forecasting period in real-time flood forecasting of small- and medium-sized rivers in a mountainous watershed. The sharing of underlying surface data such as high-resolution DEM, land use data, soil data, and the popularization and application of the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, and intelligent calculation methods makes distributed hydrological model an effective method for real-time runoff simulation and prediction. The topographic, kinematic, approximation, and integration (TOPKAPI) model is a distributed hydrological model whose physical mechanism developed gradually in the late 20th century. It has great advantages in real-time flood forecasting in small- and medium-sized watersheds. Based on the data required by the TOPKAPI model, in this study, 26 selected flood events were simulated from 2000 to 2013 at the outlet section of the upper reach of the Zhenjiang River in Guangdong Province, and the effect of application of the model in flood forecasting of small- and medium-sized rivers was evaluated. The results show that the pass rate (considering the peak discharge as the evaluation item) of 18 flood events in the calibration period was 66.67%, and that of 8 flood events in the validation period was 75%, while the mean Nash efficiency coefficient of the selected 26 flood events was 0.789. According to the simulation results, real-time flood forecasting should be closely combined with the dispatching of the small- and medium-sized reservoirs in the basin. The application of the TOPKAPI model can make a scientific and rapid analysis of the flood control situation in the whole basin and provide accurate information and maximum convenience for flood forecasting consultation and decision making. Additionally, it can improve the efficiency of disaster prevention and mitigation work in small- and medium-sized river basins, and has a major significance in enhancing the modernization level of flood forecasting.

Solar‐driven water evaporation and valuable fuel generation is an environmentally friendly and sustainable way for clean water and energy production. However, a few bottlenecks for practical applications are high‐cost, low productivity, and severe sunlight angle dependence. Herein, solar evaporation with enhanced photocatalytic capacity that is light direction insensitive and of efficiency breakthrough by virtue of a three‐dimensional (3D) photothermal catalytic spherical isotopic evaporator is demonstrated. A homogeneous layer of microfluidic blow spun polyamide nanofibers loaded with efficient light absorber of polypyrrole nanoparticles conformally wraps onto a lightweight, thermal insulating plastic sphere, featuring favorable interfacial solar heating and efficient water transportation. The 3D spherical geometry not only guarantees the omnidirectional solar absorbance by the light‐facing hemisphere, but also keeps the other hemisphere under shadow to harvest energy from the warmer environment. As a result, the light‐to‐vapor efficiency exceeds the theoretical limit, reaching 217% and 156% under 1 and 2 sun, respectively. Simultaneously, CO2 photoreduction with generated steam reveals a favorable clean fuels production rate using photocatalytic spherical evaporator by secondary growth of Cu2O nanoparticles. Finally, an outdoor demonstration manifests a high evaporation rate and easy‐to‐perform construction on‐site, providing a promising opportunity for efficient and decentralized water and clean fuel production.

Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) strains are a major threat to global health. The development of effective control measures requires more detailed phenotypic and genotypic characterization of CRE. Methods CRE isolates were collected from 65 hospitals in 25 provinces across China between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2016. The isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing. Genes encoding carbapenemases, mobilized colistin resistance (mcr-1), and β-lactamases were detected by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Results A total of 1801 independent CRE isolates (1201 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 282 Escherichia coli, and 179 Enterobacter cloacae) were collected during the study period. Overall, 96.9%, 89.7%, 54.5%, 49.9%, and 40% of CRE strains were susceptible to colistin, tigecycline, amikacin, minocycline, and fosfomycin, respectively. Notably, 1091/1201 (91%) K. pneumoniae, 225/282 (80%) E. coli, and 129/179 (72%) E. cloacae harbored carbapenemase gene. K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) was predominant in K. pneumoniae (77%), whereas New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) was predominant in E. coli (75%) and E. cloacae (53%). The mcr-1 gene was detected in 13 NDM-carrying E. coli isolates (4.6%). Sequence type (ST)11 and ST167 were predominant among the 100 K. pneumoniae and 47 E. coli STs, respectively. KPC-ST11, which accounted for 64% of K. pneumoniae isolates, had higher levels of resistance than non-ST11 strains to aztreonam, fosfomycin, and amikacin (P < .001). The proportions of KPC and NDM enzymes in CRE increased from 2012 to 2016 (54%-59% and 12%-28%, respectively). Conclusions The number of CRE strains harboring carbapenemase is increasing. KPC-ST11 K. pneumoniae, the predominant strain, shows a reduced susceptibility to most available antibiotics.

Profile grinding is an established technology for manufacturing aircraft engine components with a high surface quality and a high dimensional accuracy, for instance, the dovetails of gas turbine blades. In spite of recent advantages, the employment of profile grinding has been impeded by drastic wheel wear and thermal damage, especially when machining difficult-to-cut materials such as titanium and nickel alloys. In this study, grinding experiments with directional solidified nickel-based superalloy DZ125 were performed with the aim to enhance the wheel shape retention, suppress thermal damage, and increase the material removal rate. Instead of conventional abrasive wheels, a monolayer electroplated cubic boron nitride (CBN) profile wheel was employed, and the measurement results showed that the dimensional deviation of the machined surface profile was within tolerance. An analysis of the specific grinding energy revealed that a low specific grinding energy can be achieved by effectively controlling the maximum chip thickness. Only a slight variation of the grinding temperature was measured in the grinding zone between different points along the profile when using a profile-adapted needle nozzle. For the grinding parameters used in this study, a high shape accuracy and a good surface integrity was obtained even at a specific material removal rate of 50 mm3/mm s and grinding in a single pass.

TiO2 mesoporous nanomaterials are now widely used in catalytic ozone technology. In this paper, the market P25 as precursor hydrothermal method to prepare TiO2 mesoporous materials, ozone catalyst material characterization by transmission electron microscopy, surface area analyzers, and X-ray diffraction technique and found that nanotubes, nanosheets, nanorods through characterization results, nano-particles of different morphology and anatase and rutile proportion of the ozone catalytic material can be controlled by the calcination temperature and the temperature of hot water to give, and with the hot water temperature and calcination temperature, the catalyst becomes small aperture size larger catalyst crystalline phase from anatase to rutile gradually shift. Catalytic materials have been prepared by the Joint ozone degradation of ammonia wastewater to evaluate mesoporous TiO2 nanomaterials ozone catalytic performance, the results showed that: ammonia wastewater removal efficiency of various catalytic m...

The motion capture technology system definition is described in the paper, and its components are researched, the key parameters are obtained from motion technique, the quantitative analysis are made on technical movements, the method of motion capture technology is proposed in sport technical diagnosis. That motion capture step includes calibration system, to attached landmarks to the tester; to capture trajectory, and to analyze the collected data.

Regenerated silk fibroin (SF) materials are increasingly used for tissue engineering applications. In order to explore the feasibility of a novel biomimetic silk fibroin tubular scaffold (SFTS) crosslinked by poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEG-DE), biocompatibility with cells was evaluated. The novel biomimetic design of the SFTS consisted of three distinct layers: a regenerated SF intima, a silk braided media and a regenerated SF adventitia. The SFTS exhibited even silk fibroin penetration throughout the braid, forming a porous layered tube with superior mechanical, permeable and cell adhesion properties that are beneficial to vascular regeneration. Cytotoxicity and cell compatibility were tested on L929 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926). DNA content analysis, scanning electron and confocal microscopies and MTT assay showed no inhibitory effects on DNA replication. Cell morphology, viability and proliferation were good for L929 cells, and satisfactory for EA.hy926 cells. Furthermore, the suture retention strength of the SFTS was about 23 N and the Young's modulus was 0.2–0.3 MPa. Collectively, these data demonstrate that PEG-DE crosslinked SFTS possesses the appropriate cytocompatibility and mechanical properties for use as vascular scaffolds as an alternative to vascular autografts.

Ozonation combined with UV irradiation (UV/O(3)) is an advanced oxidation technique that is very promising for the destruction of organic compounds in aqueous solution. In this study, chlorophene was chosen as a model substrate to investigate the effects of pH, initial substrate concentration, ozone dose, and UV light intensity in degradation experiments. The pseudo-first-order rate constant for total organic carbon (TOC) removal was 2.4 × 10(-2), 9.8 × 10(-4), and 6.4 × 10(-2) min(-1) for O(3), UV, and UV/O(3) treatment, respectively. Clearly, UV-enhanced ozonation leads to a synergetic increase in the overall degradation efficiency. Comparative experiments were performed to investigate the effect of the matrix (distilled water or sewage) on chlorophene removal. The organic compounds in sewage retarded the rate of chlorophene removal by 38%, probably by competitively reacting with the oxidizing agent and screening light. The compound 2-benzoylbenzo-1,4-quinone, benzo-1,4-quinone, hydroquinone and maleic acid were identified as primary intermediates by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The concentrations of acetic, formic and oxalic anions were detected by ion chromatography. A possible degradation pathway is proposed on the basis of the reaction products identified.

In water-deficient areas, water resource management requires evapotranspiration at high spatiotemporal resolution-an impossible situation given the trade-off between spatial and temporal resolutions in space-borne systems. Some researchers have suggested sharpening the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land-surface temperature product with a resolution from 1 km to 250 m and a functional relationship between surface temperature (Tr) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Evapotranspiration at 250 m resolution can be obtained once every few days using this technique. Based on the interpretation of the triangular Tr-NDVI space and assuming uniform soil moisture conditions in a coarse pixel, this paper suggests an alternative algorithm-the triangle algorithm-for sharpening. The triangle algorithm was tested using Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data from an arid zone. Sharpened surface temperatures and reference temperatures were compared at 60 m and 240 m resolutions. Root mean square errors with the triangle algorithm are smaller than those with a functional relationship between Tr and NDVI. This paper will also discuss the impact of soil moisture variations in the coarse pixel on the triangle algorithm. Finally we should mention that the triangle algorithm only applies to regions with non-stressed vegetation canopies.

In an attempt to utilize ozone effectively, a series of praseodymium-modified γ-Al2O3 (Pr/Al2O3) was prepared via incipient wetness impregnation using Pr(NO3)3·6H2O as the precursor. The structure and properties of the catalysts were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) method. Catalytic activity was evaluated by monitoring the degradation of succinic acid (SA) in the presence of ozone. The praseodymium modification can effectively enhance the ozonation activity of γ-Al2O3 upon SA removal. Increasing the calcination temperature of Pr/Al2O3 is disadvantageous for the catalytic process, whereas increasing the load of praseodymium is helpful. After three successive cycles, the Pr/Al2O3 catalyst remained stable in the catalytic ozonation of SA. Overall, the initial degradation rate of SA, as well as the saturated adsorption capacity of SA, were found to have a linear relation to changes of the surface hydroxyl groups of the catalyst. On this basis, we conclude that the signi...

This study investigated the electrochemical degradation of C.I. Reactive Red 195 (RR195) in aqueous solution on a Ti/SnO 2 –Sb/PbO 2 electrode. The influence of operating variables on the mineralization efficiency was studied as a function of the current density, the initial pH, the initial concentration of the dye and the addition of NaCl. The efficiency of RR195 mineralization decreased with increased initial concentration, from 100 mg L −1 to 400 mg L −1 . The current density had both a positive and a negative effect on degradation rates, and no significant effect of initial pH on RR195 mineralization was observed. Measurement of absorbance was used to discriminate the effect of NaCl in the electro-oxidation process. We found that the decolouring efficiency increased whereas the mineralization efficiency decreased with the increasing concentration of NaCl. The intermediates formed during the degradation were detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the major aromatic intermediates identified were 1-(3,6,8-trihydroxy-1-naphthyl)urea, nitrobenzene, benzo-1,4-quinone, (3,6,8-trihydroxy-1-naphthyl)carbamic acid and phthalic acid. Quantitative measurement of organic and inorganic ions was done by ion chromatography. On the basis of the reaction products identified, a possible degradation pathway for the anodic oxidation of RR195 in aqueous solution is proposed.

The role of platinum deposited on iodine-doped titanium dioxide (Pt/I-TiO2) catalyst during photodegradation of phenol under irradiation with visible light was investigated. The results of this study demonstrate that the Pt/I-TiO2 photocatalyst enhanced the phototransformation of phenol, with a negligible increase upon photomineralization. The results of the phototransformation of para substiuted phenols (p-methylphenol, phenol, p-chlorophenol, and p-nitrophenol) show that the phenol−TiO2 interaction, influenced by the Hammett constants, has the principal role in photodegradation. Furthermore, the action of scavengers (iodide ion, tert-butyl alcohol, fluoride ion, and persulfate ion), as well as N2 purge on the photodegradation of phenol prove that the phototransformation of phenol occurs on the surface of the photocatalyst and is initiated mostly by a valence band hole (hvb+), and the degradation process is limited by the keto−enol tautomeric equilibrium between hydroquinone and quinone. On the basis of ...

This paper presents the step-by-step genetic algorithm based on artificial intelligence guidance and builds a long-term daily optimized operating model for the Three Gorges-Gezhouba Hydropower Complex with single generating set as the based operating unit. Actual operating data from 2004 to 2006 are used to verify the model, and results show that the simulation accuracy determined by measuring the total amount of cascade power generation reaches 99.66%. Statistic hydrological data of normal years and actual data of three years of 2004–2006 are respectively used to perform an optimized prediction of the power generation process and benefits in future when the water stored in the TGP Reservoir reaches 175 m level and power generation benefits under different operation modes, such as delayed subsiding water level, advance water storage, and adopting of different flood-limited water levels, are forecasted. In the case of years with normal inflows, the total amount of cascade power generation running on current specifications reaches 107500 GWh per year. If the commencement of water storage after the flood season is moved forward by 20 days, the amount of power generation can be increased by 3400 GWh per year. If the limited water level in the flood season is raised by three to five meters, the amount of power generation can be increased by 1600 to 3200 GWh per year. If the commencement of water storage is moved forward while the maximum water level allowed in the flood season is raised, the amount of power generation can be increased by 6400 GWh per year.

There have been sporadic case reports published focusing on myoglobin and sepsis. However, there are no systematic studies evaluating the correlation between myoglobin level and sepsis. This study investigated the correlation between the serum myoglobin level and the severity of septic patients. Next, we assessed the predictive value of the serum myoglobin level for the prognosis of septic patients.Seventy septic patients were included and subdivided into the following 3 groups: sepsis group, severe sepsis group, and septic shock group. We collected blood samples at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24hours after admission. The serum levels of myoglobin, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin were analyzed. We also evaluated the levels of malondialdehyde, which is a biomarker for oxidative stress.The data indicate that the myoglobin level increased gradually within 24hours after admission. The median myoglobin levels of the sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock groups were 635.7, 903.6, and 1094.8μg/L, respectively (P.05). The elevated myoglobin level was positively correlated with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin level in septic patients. The increased myoglobin level was also associated with the mortality of septic patients. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that patients with high myoglobin levels had an elevated mortality rate. Moreover, an elevated myoglobin level indicated more oxidative stress.The myoglobin level can be detected in the early stage of sepsis and may serve as a potential biomarker for evaluating sepsis severity and further prognosis.

Objective: to investigated the circulating microRNA expression profile in sepsis and its clinical evaluation. Methods: 70 patients with sepsis and 30 patients with SIRS were selected and their blood samples were collected. Using liquid bead array with 3 statistical analysis approaches analyzed the circulating microRNA expression profiles, for confirming the data of liquid bead array, qRT-PCR was performed. The prognostic value of the changed microRNA in sepsis was determined and compared with CRP and PCT by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. To reveal whether the selected microRNAs could predict the outcome of patients, 28 d survival rate were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Furthermore, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in plasma were detected and the relationship with the changed microRNA was determined. Results: By integrating data from liquid bead array, we ultimately identified 6 microRNAs that were consistently changed in both of 3 statistical analysis approaches, however, only the change of microRNA-25 was significant according to the qPCR’s result. The area under ROC curve showed that the clinical accuracy of microRNA-25 for sepsis diagnosis was better than CRP and PCT (AUG=0.806, 0.676 and 0.726, P

This paper reports experimental observations of an unexpected lift-like interaction force. This force has no apparent analog for single particles in infinite fluids and appears to be a result of multiparticle interactions. The magnitude of this force can be a significant fraction (e.g. 40%) of the total weight of particles in the channel and thus may play a role in flow regime transitions. A simple analysis indicates that the force arises from Bernoulli interaction similar to the mechanism that generates an attraction between particles in a cross-flow.

As more and more software applications are migrating from local desktops to remote data centers, efficient data centers management is becoming increasingly important. The management of data centers has been facing a key challenge how to trade-off power consumption and Quality of Service (QoS) of applications. To deal with this challenge, there has been a lot of ongoing efforts on power-aware and QoS-aware application deployment. Based on these works, we present I/O-Intensive and CPU-Intensive applications hybrid deployment to optimize resource utilization within virtualization environments. In this work, we investigate the resources allocation between virtual machines where I/O and CPU-Intensive applications reside, to achieve power-aware applications hybrid deployment. To demonstrate the problem of I/O and CPU resource in virtualization environment, we use Xen as the Virtual Machine Monitor to do experiments. Under different resource allocation configurations, we evaluate power efficiency up to 2%∼12%, compared to the default deployment. We also can conclude the more CPU resource that the CPU-Intensive application in the hybrid deployment applications need to satisfy QoS, the more power efficiency improvement that hybrid deployment can bring.

This paper mainly introduces the concept and classification of Web mining, and discusses e-commerce Web mining process and methods, finally discourses the application of Web Mining in e-commerce. And some problems needed further research to utilize the advantage of Internet and Web mining technology which have unique advantages and play an increasingly important role in the application of e-commerce are pointed out.

Using decision tree algorithm C4.5 to establish a classification rule and an analysis-forecasting model for students’marks. Describing how the analysis-forecasting result can be used to find out the factors which can affect students’ marks, so some negative learning habits or behaviors of students can be revealed and corrected in time. And the teaching effect of the teacher can be checked, the teaching management can also be assisted. The effectiveness and correctness of analysis and forecasting model and classification for students’ marks based on decision tree algorithm C4.5 has been examined by an example.

Biocides usually persist during municipal sewage treatment and are subsequently distributed into aquatic environments. To explore the capability of advanced oxidation processes for the rapid removal of biocides, we examined the total organic carbon (TOC) reduction of 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol (PCMX) with a combination of UV/O 3 . Moreover, the related important parameters, including the mass transfer coefficient and light utilization efficiency, in PCMX degradation were determined. The UV/O 3 experimental results showed a pronounced synergistic effect, leading to the nearly complete elimination of TOC within 75 min. Thus, the effect of operating variables was investigated as a function of pH, ozone dosage, bulk temperature and the initial concentration of PCMX. The efficiency of PCMX mineralization increased with an increase in ozone dose up to 3.1 g h −1 , and a decrease in the initial concentration from 250 to 100 mg L −1 . The optimal pH value was 4.0, and the preferred bulk temperature was 20 °C on the basis of the influence of temperature on reaction rate and ozone solubility. The major aromatic intermediates identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were 2,6-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diol, 2,6-dimethylbenzo-1,4-quinone, 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)benzo-1,4-quinone, and 2,6-dimethylbenzo-1,4-aldehyde. Quantitative determination of related carboxylic acid and inorganic anions was done by ion chromatography. On the basis of the identified reaction products, a possible degradation pathway for the UV/O 3 oxidation of PCMX in aqueous media is proposed.