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Correct and effective physical education teaching can not only improve students’ physical quality but also exercise students’ willpower, which is an important content to promote students’ all-round development. However, according to the current teaching situation in our country, in the actual teaching process, there is a situation of incongruity between teaching and sports development, which leads to the decline of the quality of physical education teaching in our country and affects the development of students’ comprehensive quality. Based on these problems, starting from the relationship between teaching and sports, this paper analyzes the coordinated development between physical education teaching and training in colleges and universities and builds a physical education teaching quality monitoring system. The research results of this paper show that (1) when using traditional recognition of various motion patterns, it can recognize various behavior patterns, and the average recognition accuracy is 90.1%. The accuracy is 94.3%. Compared with the traditional recognition mode, the average recognition accuracy is increased by 4.2%, and the recognition result is better. Compared with the recognition results of the first set of experiments, for the more difficult to distinguish upstairs and downstairs, the recognition accuracy is increased by 9% and 7%, respectively, and the recognition accuracy of backward is increased by 6%. (2) Before receiving the teaching, the test results of each index of the members of the routine group and the training group were basically the same, and there was no major difference. After the T -test was performed between the conventional group and the training group, the results showed that the P values of the evaluation results of the two groups were both above 0.05. The experimental results showed that the initial conditions of the two groups could be regarded as the same before receiving the teaching. Combining the evaluation results of the two groups before the training, we can conclude that under the condition that the initial conditions are basically the same, and the training conditions and environment are basically the same, the trainees who have received the mode training method have obtained better physical fitness indicators. The improvement and the effect are greatly optimized compared with the mode training. (3) Among the 8-spoke images captured by the experiment, the multisensor motion analysis model proposed in this paper has the highest action recognition accuracy. When the first picture is taken, the recognition accuracy is 98%. The recognition accuracy rate is also increasing, and when the eighth image is taken, the action recognition accuracy rate reaches 99%. Among the three different models, the multisensor motion analysis model proposed in the article has the shortest page response time. When the number of tests is 10, the average page response time is 0.4 seconds. When the number of tests increases to 70, the average page response time reaches 1.0 seconds, and the success rate of the multisensor motion analysis model has remained at 100%. The average response time will increase with the increase of the number of tests, and the experimental results also show that the detection performance of the multisensor motion analysis model is the highest.

IC engines consume a large amount of fuel and produce plenty of emissions, thus reducing fuel consumption, and emissions are important. Nozzle internal flow which dominates spray breakup is the key to improve spray atomization and reduce fuel consumption. In this study, microscopic imaging technique was employed to investigate the effects of needle oscillation and injection strategy on the nozzle internal flow under cold (20°C) and hot (140°C) conditions. Needle oscillation was found to affect spray morphology, leading to obvious spray asymmetry under both cold and hot conditions with stronger spray radial propagation under hot condition. Cavitation in the sac appeared when needle oscillated due to enhanced turbulence. Besides, cavitation in the sac was introduced when the needle was insufficiently open due to throttling, especially under hot condition because of reduced viscosity. By contrast, when the split-injection strategy was employed, cavitation was considerably boosted because of the consistent flow transition and the resultant throttling effect. Effective injection duration of the first injection governed the corresponding peak relative cavitation area. The appearance of cavitation was delayed during the initial stage for each split injection after the fuel flows out due to laminar flow regime.

Cavitation significantly influences fuel mixture preparation and combustion of IC engines which are the main power source of transportation. Investigation of cavitation in injector and its effect on spray breakup is very important for reduction of emissions and fuel consumption. To study the cavitation dynamics and primary breakup, highly resolved microscopic imaging technique was employed with an enlarged transparent nozzle and a real-sized nozzle under various throttling conditions. Mechanisms of cavitation generation were investigated through the cavitation generation locations and morphologies. The characteristics of the secondary vapor bubbles were also probed by injecting diesel into the liquid based on the differences of density and refraction between liquid and vapor. It was found that under low pressure, dynamic cavitation which developed and receded bi-directionally was observed close to the inlet. Cavitation in the sac and nozzle inlet was mainly throttling induced under low pressure and redirection induced under high pressure, while cavitation at nozzle outlet was mainly redirection induced. Increasing pressure strengthened cavitation at both inlet and outlet, and made the vapor bubbles more compact and deformed. Decreasing throttling effect enhanced the cavitation before weakening. Besides, vapor bubbles collapsed very quickly at the nozzle outlet due to the abrupt pressure reduction.

AimsIn our previous study, striking Nek9 staining was observed in peripheral nerves for the first time. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to detect Nek9 expression in peripheral nerve sheath tumours, melanocytic tumours and their mimics.MethodsThe expression of Nek9 was analysed in 234 mesenchymal tumours including schwannoma, neurofibroma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST), melanoma and their mimics adopting immunohistochemistry. In addition, S-100 and SOX10 were detected in all tumours.ResultsThe results revealed an intense and diffuse staining of Nek9 in all schwannomas (30/30) and melanomas (20/20). The neurofibromas (86%, 19/22) and MPNSTs (76%, 18/21) showed a high frequency of positive Nek9 staining. Nek9 showed a comparable sensitivity to S-100, and better sensitivity and less specificity than that of SOX10. Among the histological mimics, Nek9 was only strongly and diffusely expressed in rhabdomyosarcomas (RSs) (97%,37/38) while negatively stained in most of the other tumours. It was noted that Nek9 immunoresponse was more diffuse than that of MyoD1 and myogenin in RS.ConclusionsIn summary, Nek9 has a good sensitivity in the diagnosis of tumours with Schwannian, melanocytic and skeletal muscle differentiations. The immunohistochemical analysis of Nek9 expression may be helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the aforementioned tumours.

Cavitation is a phenomenon which can significantly enhance spray breakup and affect the mixture preparation by introducing air or vapour bubbles. Attempts were made to capture the bubbles due to cavitation by injecting fuel into water based on the difference of density and refraction between water and vapour bubbles apart from the attempts to directly visualize vapour bubbles in an enlarged transparent nozzle. Tests were carried out with the employment of highly resolved microscope and ultra-high speed camera. The spray morphology and primary breakup characteristics in the near field were also investigated. It was found that irregularly shaped bubbles due to cavitation under low pressure can be observed in the nozzle. The increase of injection pressure (thereby increase of velocity) could significantly prolong the bubbles. At the nozzle outlet, the significant variation of pressure prolonged air bubbles into “thread” before collapsing. Vapour bubbles after exiting the injector nozzle were very small and the resolution of 3 µm/pixel was insufficient to capture the bubbles through direct visualization. A tree-shaped spray tip with significant radial propagation was observed. The sucking-in of water when the needle started to lift, the flow regime and the strong water resistance were closely related to the formation of tree-shaped spray tip. In addition, although the increase of fuel temperature generally enhanced the atomization of spray, the primary breakup of spray during the initial stage and end stage when the spray velocity was low surprisingly deteriorated for hot fuel.

Nozzle internal flow dictates the spray breakup, fragmentation and combustible mixture preparation. The dynamics of nozzle internal flow and the closely followed primary breakup under various injection pressures were studied by employing high-speed microscopic imaging technique. The effects of interaction between split injection by varying dwell interval and distribution of energizing duration between split injections on the nozzle internal flow were also investigated by using multiple injection strategy. It was found that the initial in-nozzle condition and injection pressure governs the spray tip morphology and breakup process through the strength of interaction between liquid fuel and air bubbles. Throttling effect introduced a large cloud of cavitation vapor bubbles at the needle seat during the initial stage and when stage when effective injection pressure is low. During steady flow stage, high pressure suppressed the initiation of cavitation through throttling but enhanced the cavitation generation through flow redirection. When multiple injection strategy is employed, cavitation was overall weakened, especially for flow redirection at the nozzle inlet due to reduced effective injection pressure. The injected fuel mass was reduced, and breakup quality deteriorated significantly, especially under low injection pressure. It is therefore unwise to use closely coupled split injection strategy under low injection pressure. This studied is believed to be useful for injection control and related modeling.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Yixin-Fumai granules (YXFMs)—composed of Ginseng quinquefolium (L.) Alph. Wood, Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker Gawl, Schisandra arisanensis Hayata, Astragalus aaronsohnianus Eig, Salvia cryptantha Montbret & Aucher ex Benth, and Ligusticum striatum DC—are compound granules used in traditional Chinese medicine to increase heart rate and thus treat bradyarrhythmia. It may be effective in treating sick sinus syndrome (SSS). Aim To observe the effect of YXFMs on aging-induced SSS in mice and explore whether this effect is related to the Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Materials and methods Mice with a significant decrease in the heart rate due to natural aging were selected to construct an SSS model. After the mice were administered YXFMs, the damage to their sinoartrial node (SAN) was assessed through electrocardiography, Masson's trichrome staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Dihydroethidium staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to assay reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and HCN4, respectively. Moreover, to observe the effects of YXFMs in vitro, the HL-1 cell line, derived from mouse atrial myocytes, was used to simulate SAN pacemaker cells, with H2O2 used as the cellular oxidative stress (OS) inducer. 2,7-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining was used to assay ROS content, whereas immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were used to elucidate the related protein expression. Finally, mice were injected the Nrf-2 inhibitor ML385 to reversely verify the effects of YXFMs. Results In our in vivo experiments, YXFMs significantly inhibited aging-induced SSS, shortened the R-R interval, increased heart rate, alleviated fibrosis, reduced apoptosis rate and ROS content, and promote HCN4 expression in the SAN. In our in vitro experiments, YXFMs significantly inhibited H2O2-induced cell peroxidation damage, promoted Nrf-2 activation and nuclear metastasis, increased HO-1 expression— thereby inhibiting ROS accumulation—and finally, upregulated HCN4 expression through the inhibition of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) expression and its nuclear metastasis. Finally, injection of the Nrf-2 inhibitor ML385 after YXFMs administration inhibited their protective effect in the mice. Conclusion Here, we elaborated on the relationship between aging-induced SSS and the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway for the first time and proposed that YXFMs improve SSS via the Nrf-2/HO-1 axis. Specifically, YXFMs promoted Nrf-2 activation and plasma–nuclear transfer to enhance HO-1 expression via the Nrf-2/HO-1 axis. This inhibited OS and reduced ROS accumulation in the SAN, and then, through the ROS/HDAC4 axis, reduced HDAC4 expression and plasma–nuclear transfer. Thereby, the OS-induced HCN4 loss in the SAN was inhibited—improving the function of If channel and thus producing SAN protection effect against SSS and improving the heart rate and R-R interval. In the future, we plan to use bioinformatics analysis technology to execute the next step of our research, namely to determine the effect of isolated, purified components of YXFMs in SSS, to increase its efficiency and reduce the toxicity of YXFMs.

// Zhishuang Li 1, * , Qingyong Meng 2, * , Aifeng Pan 1 , Xiaojuan Wu 1 , Jingjing Cui 3 , Yan Wang 1 , Li Li 1 1 Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China 2 The No. 2 People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250001, P.R. China 3 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Li Li, email: lillie6636@sdu.edu.cn Keywords: miR455-3p, triple negative breast cancer, invasion, migration, EI24 Received: September 20, 2016 Accepted: December 01, 2016 Published: December 27, 2016 ABSTRACT Lacking of treatment methods for the patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) underscores the pivotal needs to further understand its biology as well as to find better biomarkers and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Increasing evidences support that aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis and may serve as biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes of various cancers. In current study, we found that miR-455-3p and miR-196a-5p were intensively overexpressed in TNBC compared with the hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer whereas miR-425-5p was down-regulated by miRNA microarray analysis. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of miR-455-3p in TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 was higher than that in HR positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7( p

The quality of atomization dominates the efficiency of combustion and the number of emissions. The primary breakup and nozzle internal flow with a single bubble under different location are studied by employing RNG k-e and VOF models with experimental validation. The effects of nozzle structure (cylinder nozzle and conical nozzle), namely the convergence, are also investigated. The formation of C-shaped fuel dividing the bubble into three parts is analyzed. It is found that the thickness of the fuel film affects the formation of mushroom-shaped spray head due to the energy stored in the compressed bubble. The energy releases a lot when the bubble is far from the nozzle outlet and the energy is the lowest when the bubble is close to the nozzle outlet without enough compression. The second peak of the bubble area is lower when the bubble is far from the outlet inside the conical nozzle due to the acceleration effect. However, the second peak of the bubble area is higher when the bubble is at the middle location in the conical nozzle due to the compression from the environment gas. There is almost no difference between these two nozzles when the bubble is close to the outlet.

The nanowire-chip based large-area and broad-band-response photodetector was realized by integrating the ternary bandgap-graded CdS1−xSex nanowire-chip on proper substrate and optimizing electrode pattern. The actual light-to-dark current ratio (Ilight/Idark) is subject to the substrate type and the electrode pattern, as well the thickness of nanowires. Up to 106 light-to-dark current ratio was obtained for the nanowire-chip photodetector with the optimized interdigital electrode parameters (0.5 mm in width, 0.5 mm in pitch), the suitable substrate – mica and appropriate nanowire thickness (70um). Although the carriers transmit from light-generated carrier centers to the electrodes through a complicated and long pathway, the photodetector of as-fabricated nanowire-chip shows much higher photocurrent and photoconductivity due to a higher photocarrier densities exist in the ternary compounds than that in binary CdS and CdSe nanowire and the intersection trap state existing between nanowires enhances the separation of electrons and holes. Uniform and broad photoresponse covering from ultraviolet to around 700 nm is attributed to the graded bandgap of different composition nanowires/nanobelts in the chip-type detector. Especially, the Ilight/Idark of nanowire-chip detector increases with the temperature decrease due to the dark noise and the scattering become lower. The chip detector with composition-graded nanowires shows good photoconductivity at room temperature and low temperature. More important, it can be fabricated by a commercial CVD route, which will satisfy the requirements in many application fields instead of Si-based detector.

On the basis of pumping-power-dependent emission property, single-chip zinc-doped cadmium sulfide nanobelts are developed to monitor injected laser power and detect the profile of laser focal spots visually in the micron region through color changes. By doping zinc into cadmium sulfide nanobelts, band-edge emission with green color and deep-trap-state emission with red color are generated by injected laser beam pumping. The monotonic intensity ratio changes of these two emissions reflect the pumping power variations, so that the laser power and focus spot distribution can be monitored quantitatively by the on-chip nanobelts. Utilizing the on-chip zinc-doped cadmium sulfide nanobelts to detect input laser power, more than two thousand cycles of pumping laser power increasing and decreasing periodically are applied on the nanomaterial chip, accompanied by emission-color switching between yellow emission and green emission, which confirm that the zinc-doped cadmium sulfide nanobelts are stable and effective. The method involves visually perceiving the change of laser power and detecting the distribution profile of the laser spot. This optical ratiometric method based on nanostructures is quite different from the traditional detection mode by the thermoelectric effect. Therefore, it has potential application as a laser power monitoring tool for optically integrated micro-circuits.

Invasive breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy in women worldwide. However, the mechanism responsible for breast cancer metastasis is still unclear and needs further illustration. It has been proven that matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) promotes metastasis of the cancer cells. However, the interaction between mPRα and MMP-9 has not been studied. Therefore, in the present research, the effect of MMP-9 on the malignant progression of invasive breast cancer promoted by membrane progesterone receptorα (mPRα) was investigated. The results showed that the protein expression of mPRα, p-Akt and MMP-9 increased in the cancerous tissues compared to that of the noncancerous breast tissue. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between mPRα and C-erbB-2, as well as the number of involved local lymph nodes. On the other hand, a negative correlation was observed between mPRα and estrogen receptors (ER) along with progesterone receptors (PR). Similarly, a positive association was found between MMP-9 and the number of involved local lymph nodes. Besides, the high expression of MMP-9 also had a positive correlation with the tumor size. However, the high level of MMP-9 had a negative correlation with ER and PR. In addition, there was a positive correlation between mPRα and p-Akt together with MMP-9. The results confirm that mPRα was a major marker of harmful prognosis and it promoted the expression of MMP-9 during invasion to the local lymph nodes through the pathway of PI3K/Akt. The present study provided a novel therapeutic strategy to inhibit breast cancer growth by preventing mPRα signaling pathway.

To investigate c-myc and CCNE2 gene amplifications and their relationship in breast cancer.Sixty-six infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas with foci of ductal carcinoma in situ components collected from January 2005 to December 2007 were selected for tissue microarray and quantitative multi-gene FISH for c-myc and CCNE2 gene amplification, and the relationship with the clinicopathologic features was analyzed.Of the 66 cases, 18 (27.3%) showed c-myc amplification and 23 (34.8%) showed CCNE2 amplification. A strong correlation was found between c-myc and CCNE2 amplification (P0.01). The breast cancers showing c-myc and CCNE2 amplifications were all aneuploidy, and were HER2 positive (P0.05). Tumors with c-myc amplification also showed higher Ki-67 index (P0.05).C-myc and CCNE2 amplifications are common events in breast cancer, and they often coexist. C-myc and CCNE2 genes may play critical roles in the pathogenesis and development of breast cancer through unique and overlapping signaling pathways.

Background The p53 tumor suppressor gene is mutated or deleted in nearly half of human cancers. The murine double minute 2 (Mdm2) and Mdmx represent two important cellular regulators of p53. The aim of this study was to evaluate the abnormalities of p53, Mdmx and Mdm2 genes in archived breast cancers. Methods We assessed the genetic instability at p53, Mdmx and Mdm2 using high resolution multi-color fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) protocol and detected the expression status of the tumor protein p53 (TP53), MDMx and MDM2 by immunohistochemistry in 115 archived samples of infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas with foci of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) components. Results The presence of p53 allelic loss and/or TP53 overexpression was observed in 38% out of all patients, and was significantly more often in larger, high grade, ER negative and high ki67 tumors. Mdmx amplification with low-level increase of gene copy number is at high frequency while Mdm2 amplification is rare in primary breast cancer. Mdmx amplification was seen in more invasive carcinomas than preinvasive lesions. MDMx and MDM2 overexpression were detected in 65% and 38% of all cases respectively. Moreover it was showed that most tumors contained either p53 dysfunction or Mdm2 alteration, but not both. This distribution was significant (P

Background Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome 1 (Trps1) gene is a member of GATA transcription factor family and has an important function in tumorigenesis and progression. However, there are rare studies on its roles in carcinogenesis and prognostic significance in human osteosarcoma. Methods The expression of Trps1 was detected by immunohistochemistry, and MVD was evaluated to determine the amounts of microvessels by counting CD31-positive endothelial cells. Results Of the 74 cases that underwent study, Trps1-positive cases were 24. And it was associated with MVD significantly (P = 0.008). The data also exhibited more cases of remote metastasis (P = 0.013) and higher Enneking stage (P = 0.017) in Trps1-positive group compared to Trps1-negative group. Univariate analysis revealed that distant metastasis, MVD and Trps1 expression were associated with a lower 3-year overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate (P = 0.003, and P = 0.012 respectively). Furthermore, Trps1 and distant metastasis retained their significant prognostic effects on patients survival rate by multivariate analysis (P