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Abstract Purpose This study aims to reveal the relationship between AMIGO2 and proliferation, migration and tumorigenicity of bladder cancer, and explore the potential molecular mechanisms. Methods The expression level of AMIGO2 is measured by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Stable AMIGO2 knockdown cell lines T24 and 5637 were established by lentivirus transfection. Cell Counting Kit (CCK-8 assay) was produced to determine cell proliferation, flow cytometry analysis was utilized to detect cell cycle, and wound healing assay was proceeded to test migration ability of bladder cancer cells. Xenograft mouse model was established for investigating the effect of AMIGO2 on tumor formation in vivo. The RNA Sequencing technology was applied to explore the underlying mechanisms. The expression level of PPAR-γ was measured by Western Blot. Results AMIGO2 was upregulated in bladder cancer cells and tissues. Inhibited expression of AMIGO2 suppresses cell proliferation and migration. Low AMIGO2 expression inhibited tumorigenicity of 5637 in nude mice. According to RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis, 917 DEGs were identified. The DEGs were mainly enriched in cell–cell adhesion, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs) signaling pathway and some other pathways. PPAR-γ is highly expressed in bladder cancer cell lines T24 and 5637, but when AMIGO2 is knocked down in T24 and 5637, the expression level of PPAR-γ is also decreased, and overexpression of PPAR-γ could reverse the suppression effect of cell proliferation and migration caused by the inhibition of AMIGO2. Conclusion AMIGO2 is overexpressed in bladder cancer cells and tissues. Knockdown of AMIGO2 suppresses bladder cancer cell proliferation and migration. These processes might be regulated by PPAR-γ signaling pathway.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to study the wind-induced noise of typical rods in the open areas of cruise ships. MethodsThe numerical simulation of aerodynamic noise and wind-induced vibration noise is carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) combined with the acoustic analogy method and vibro-acoustic coupling method in order to explore the generation mechanisms and characteristics of the two kinds of noise. Results Under different wind speeds, the maximum frequency of aerodynamic noise is dominated by the vortex shedding frequency, while the maximum frequency of wind-induced vibration noise is dominated by the natural frequency of the structure. The aerodynamic noise of three different cross-section rods is generally greater than that of wind-induced vibration noise, and the aerodynamic noise of square rods is the greatest. Under large flexibility, when the fluctuating pressure frequency of the rod is close to the natural frequency, the wind-induced vibration noise will be close to or even exceed the aerodynamic noise. ConclusionsIn the design of typical rods to be applied in the open areas of cruise ships, in order to reduce wind-induced noise, circular rods should be selected, square rods should be avoided, reasonable rod sizes should be selected and the vortex shedding frequency of the rods should not be close to the natural frequency.

Aiming at the problems of large amount of residual coal and serious air leakage in the goaf of extra-thick and high top coal caving mining face, the gas products, oxygen consumption and heat release characteristics of coal oxidation spontaneous combustion process under the conditions of without nitrogen injection and nitrogen injection were analyzed by temperature programmed oxidation experiment and heat release test experiment. By using numerical simulation software, the inhibition of nitrogen injection on the risk zone of coal spontaneous combustion in goaf under different nitrogen injection positions was analyzed and the nitrogen injection plan are optimized. The results show that the process of oxidation and spontaneous combustion of coal can be inhibited by nitrogen injection. The temperature point of each gas product is delayed by 25-30 ℃, and the oxygen consumption rate and heat release are greatly reduced. The heat release without nitrogen injection is 5.67 times that of nitrogen injection. When nitrogen is injected at different positions, the risk area of coal spontaneous combustion in goaf is different and contracted. When nitrogen is injected at ports 2, 3, 4 and 5, that is, the intake side is 60 m, 80 m, 100 m, 120 m away from the working face when nitrogen is injected, the inhibition area of risk area accounts for 12.28%, 32.71%, 39.71% and 44.09% respectively. The change of temperature inhibition in goaf is mainly concentrated in the zone near the nitrogen injection port. Nitrogen injection ports 2 and 3 joint optimized plan can effectively inhibit 47.25 % of the risk area of coal spontaneous combustion in goaf.

To solve the problem that intelligent devices equipped with deep reinforcement learning agents lack effective security data sharing mechanisms in the intelligent Internet of things, a general federated reinforcement learning (GenFedRL) framework was proposed for deep reinforcement learning agents.The joint training through model-sharing technology was realized by GenFedRL without the need to share the local private data of deep reinforcement learning agents.Each agent device’s data and computing resources could be effectively used without disclosing the privacy of its private data.To cope with the complexity of the real communication environment and meet the need to accelerate the training speed, a model-sharing mechanism based on synchronization and parallel was designed for GenFedRL.Combined with the model structure characteristics of common deep reinforcement learning algorithms, general federated reinforcement learning algorithm suitable for single network structure and multi-network structure was designed based on the FedAvg algorithm, respectively.Then, the model sharing mechanism among agents with the same network structure was implemented to protect the private data of various agents better.Simulation experiments show that common deep reinforcement learning algorithms still perform well in GenFedRL even in the harsh communication environment where most data nodes cannot participate in training.

Abstract Information leakage has become an urgent problem in multiple Online Social Networks (OSNs). The interactive communication of users has raised several privacy concerns. However, the current related work on privacy measurement only considers the privacy disclosure of user profile settings, ignoring the importance of profile attributes. To solve the efficient measurement problem, we consider the influence of attribute weight on privacy disclosure scores and propose a privacy measurement method by quantifying users’ privacy disclosure scores in social networks. Through introducing Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), we propose a Privacy Scores calculation model based on Fuzzy TOPSIS decision method (PSFT), that is more accurate calculate users’ privacy disclosure scores and that can improve users’ privacy awareness in multiple OSNs. Users can reasonably set the attribute file configuration based on privacy scores and attribute weight. We conduct extensive experiments on synthetic data set and real data set. The results of the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our model.

Aiming at resisting the man-in-the-middle attacks in the domain name system protocol, a lightweight solution was proposed.The scheme introduced certificate less signature algorithm, removed the difficult-to-deploy trust chain to improve the efficiency and security of authentication.By using symmetric encryption technology, the proposed solution ensured the confidentiality of the message and increase the attack difficulty.The theoretical analysis proved the proposed scheme can resist common man-in-the-middle attacks.Experimental comparison results show the scheme has better performance than similar schemes.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and invasive breast cancer (BC) subtype that is estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2)-negative. So far, the treatment of TNBC is still ineffective due to the lack of well-defined molecular targets. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles composed of lipid bilayers. They originate from various types of donor cells and release a complex mixture of contents including diverse nucleic acid types (miRNA, LnRNA, siRNA, and DNA) and proteins; after binding to recipient cells the exosomes release their contents that execute their biological functions. Exosomes have been reported to play an important role in the tumorigenesis of TNBC, including tumor initiation, metastasis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, immune escape, and drug resistance. On the other hand, exosomes can be valuable biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of TNBC. More interestingly, exosomes can be harnessed as a nanosized drug-delivery system specifically targeting TNBC. In this review, we present the most recent mechanistic findings and clinical applications of exosomes in TNBC therapy, focusing on their use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, nanoscale drug delivery platforms, and immunotherapeutic agents. In addition, the associated challenges and future directions of using exosomes for TNBC treatment will be discussed.

Abstract Flexible circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) switching devices have been long‐awaited due to their promising potential application in wearable optoelectronic devices. However, on account of the few materials and complicated design of manufacturing systems, how to fabricate a flexible electric‐field‐driven CPL‐switching device is still a serious challenge. Herein, a flexible device with multiple optical switching properties (CPL, circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence, color) is designed and prepared efficiently based on proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism by optimizing the chiral structure of switching molecule. More importantly, this device can maintain the switching performance even after 300 bending‐unbending cycles. It has a remarkable comprehensive performance containing bistable property, low open voltage, and good cycling stability. Then, prototype devices with designed patterns have been fabricated, which opens a new application pattern of CPL‐switching materials.

In order to deal with the issue of the man-in-the-middle attack in the process of using dynamic host configuration protocol, a lightweight scheme was proposed.A new key agreement algorithm was developed based on public key cryptography to generate relevant keys, reducing the key storage burden.On the basis, a secure scheme was proposed, where two-way authentication of participants was designed to prevent the man-in-the-middle attack and digital signatures conforming to protocol specifications was constructed to ensure the legitimacy of the message source.By security analysis, the proposed scheme was demonstrated to be secure and valid against the man-in-the-middle attack and other common attacks.Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has the better performance compared with the related schemes, and can be compatible with both DHCPv4 and DHCPv6.

Abstract The emergence of immunotherapy has provided an option of treatment methods for bladder cancer (BC). However, the beneficiaries of immunotherapy are still limited to small‐scale patients, and immunotherapy‐related adverse events often occur. It is a major challenge for clinical work to study the immune subtypes of BC and the molecular mechanism of immune escape, and identify the immune responders accurately. Here, we explore the immune molecular subtypes of bladder cancer and potential escape mechanisms. First, we screened the expression profiles of 303 differentially expressed immune‐related genes in BC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and successfully identified 4 molecular subtypes of BC. By comparing the clinical characteristics, immune cells infiltration, the expression of checkpoint genes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, and gene mutation status of different subtypes, we identified different clinical and immunological characteristics of 4 subtypes. Among 4 subtypes, Cluster 2 met the general characteristics of immunotherapy responders and responded well to immunotherapy, while Cluster 4 had the highest expression of immune characteristics, and is similar to the immune environment of normal bladder tissue. Then, the weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) of immune‐related genes revealed that brown module was positively correlated with subtypes. Pathway enrichment analysis explored the major pathways associated with subtypes, which are also associated with immune escape mechanisms. Moreover, the decision tree model, which was constructed by the principle of random forest screening factors, was also validated in internal validation set and external validation set from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort (GSE133624), and could achieve accurate subtypes prediction for BC patients with high‐throughput sequencing. Taken together, we explored the immune molecular subtypes and their mechanisms of BC, and these results may provide guidance for the development of new BC immunotherapy strategies.

Abstract Background Bladder cancer (BC) is a common malignancy neoplasm diagnosed in advanced stages in most cases. It is crucial to screen ideal biomarkers and construct a more accurate prognostic model than conventional clinical parameters. The aim of this research was to develop and validate an mRNA-based signature for predicting the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. Methods The RNA-seq data was downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in three datasets, and prognostic genes were identified from the training set of TCGA dataset. The common genes between DEGs and prognostic genes were narrowed down to six genes via Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, and stepwise multivariate Cox regression. Then the gene-based risk score was calculated via Cox coefficient. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis were used to assess the prognostic power of risk score. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was applied to construct a nomogram. Decision curve analysis (DCA), calibration curves, and time-dependent ROC were performed to assess the nomogram. Finally, functional enrichment of candidate genes was conducted to explore the potential biological pathways of candidate genes. Results SORBS2, GPC2, SETBP1, FGF11, APOL1, and H1–2 were screened to be correlated with the prognosis of BC patients. A nomogram was constructed based on the risk score, pathological stage, and age. Then, the calibration plots for the 1-, 3-, 5-year OS were predicted well in entire TCGA-BLCA patients. Decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated that the clinical value of the nomogram was higher than the stage model and TNM model in predicting overall survival analysis. The time-dependent ROC curves indicated that the nomogram had higher predictive accuracy than the stage model and risk score model. The AUC of nomogram time-dependent ROC was 0.763, 0.805, and 0.806 for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis of candidate genes suggested several pathways and mechanisms related to cancer. Conclusions In this research, we developed an mRNA-based signature that incorporated clinical prognostic parameters to predict BC patient prognosis well, which may provide a novel prognosis assessment tool for clinical practice and explore several potential novel biomarkers related to the prognosis of patients with BC.

Abstract Age is one of the most important risk factors of the occurrence for tumor patients. The majority of patients with urogenital cancers are the elderly, whose clinical characteristics are greatly affected by age and ageing. Our study aimed to explore age-related genes, cells, and biological changes in three common urogenital cancers via integrative bioinformatics analysis. First, mRNA (count format) and clinical data for bladder cancer, prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Through the comparison of clinicopathological characteristics, genes expression and cells infiltration between the old group and the young group, it was found that the clinical characteristics, genes and cells in the tumor microenvironment of different ages were quite different. And 4 key cells, 14 hub genes and some potential pathways were identified and considered as important factors. More importantly, we analyzed the differential landscape of the genes and cells from different perspectives, and confirmed its importance. In conclusion, we identified genes and cell types associated with age-related changes in the tumour microenvironment in urogenital cancer patients. These genes and cell types may play a critical role in the age-associated differences in clinicopathological characteristics among urogenital cancers, thus providing a link between ageing and cancer occurrence. The findings of this study may pave the way for the development of age-tailored approaches to treat cancer and other age-related diseases.

Abstract Muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is one of the common malignant tumors. Patients with MIBC still have high tumor recurrence and progression rates after surgery. Bioinformatics analysis of stromal infiltration‐related genes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of MIBC patients was performed in this study to determine the major stromal cells types and biomarkers for their progression and poor prognosis. The ESTIMATE algorithm was applied to evaluate the stromal score and immune score of samples from MIBC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and found that stromal score was closely related to the clinical characteristics of the patients. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) further revealed that stromal cells were involved in biological processes such as activation of leukocytes and positive regulation of cell migration during MIBC progression, as well as PI3K‐Akt, MAPK, and Rap1 signaling pathways. Five hub genes related to prognosis, including ACTA2, COL5A1, DCN, LUM, and PRRX1 were identified by the Weighted Gene Co‐Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), Protein‐Protein Interaction (PPI), survival analysis, and Oncomine, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database validation. Besides, we identified five stromal cell types associated with overall survival time, among which chondrocytes and fibroblasts were identified as the major stromal cell types through correlation analysis. Finally, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the diagnostic value and expression of hub genes in different invasive tumors. In summary, we investigated the biological behavior of stromal cells in the TME of MIBC to promote tumor progression obtained hub genes associated with progression and poor prognosis and identified the main stromal cells types in the TME.

In order to improve the security and efficiency of threshold group signature in 5G environment,a new scheme was proposed.The core idea was to introduce message token and dynamic identity to improve the freshness of authentication information and increase the difficulty of enemy attacks.At the same time,the number of interactions between the participating parties was simplified,and some computing tasks were migrated to the server to reduce the computing overhead of the member part.After security analysis,the proposed scheme can resist multiple attacks including replay attack.After performance analysis,the proposed scheme can reduce the interaction with the trusted center twice compared with similar schemes,reduce the signature space by 30%,and have shorter execution time,which is suitable for resource-constrained devices under 5G network.

Device to device (D2D) data sharing has become a promising solution to offload cellular network traffic,but the privacy vulnerability and service instability of data sharing partners affect the quality of shared services.To solve this problem,a D2D data sharing partner selection mechanism based on degree of privacy degree and stability degree (named PSUS) was proposed.Firstly,the privacy information of the provider was abstracted and summarized,and the privacy measurement method was built according to the privacy preferences of the provider and the historical records of shared services,and the privacy degree of the provider in different shared services was obtained.Then,the data sharing process was designed based on privacy degree,and the provider cached data under the constraints of privacy preferences and participates in sharing services with low privacy to meet the provider's privacy requirements.Finally,on the basis of the provider who has satisfied the privacy requirements,a multi-index evaluation method was designed to evaluate the service stability of providers to select stable sharing partners.The feasibility of the proposed mechanism was demonstrated by analysis of performance.

LINC00473 has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in diverse kinds of human malignancy. However, the function and underlying mechanisms of LINC00473 in glioma still remain unclear. In the present study, LINC00473 was notably elevated in glioma tissues and cell lines. High LINC00473 expression was associated with advanced WHO grade (III–IV), low Karnofsky performance score (KPS), and poor prognosis. Loss function assays showed that LINC00473 knockdown decreased glioma cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes in vitro, and reduced tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic analysis indicated that LINC00473 regulated CDK6 expression by competitively binding to miR-637. Moreover, rescue assays revealed that miR-637 inhibitors abolished the effects of LINC00473 suppression on glioma cells progression. Thus, we demonstrated that LINC00473 could act as a ceRNA of miR-637 to promote glioma progression through regulating CDK6 expression, which provided a potential therapeutic target for treatment of glioma patients.

Summary: Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are regarded as one of the most promising alternatives for next-generation energy storage and conversion due to the low cost of raw materials and high theoretical energy density. However, their practical applications have been plagued by rapid capacity decay, which is mainly ascribed to issues with the design and balance of components inside the batteries. In recent years, many advanced components have been reported, but few have been applied in practical Li-S batteries. Inspired by the wooden-barrel effect, in this perspective, we propose an optimized combination that integrates all advanced components into one system. For a better understanding of this topic, the typically advanced designs applied in Li-S pouch cells are summarized. Subsequently, the safety performance of Li-S pouch cells under extreme testing conditions are provided. Finally, our personal insights for the future development direction of Li-S pouch cells are proposed.

To solve the problems regarding how to detect anomalous rules with an asymmetric structure, which leads to the firewall not being able to control the packets in and out according to the administrator’s idea, and how to carry out an incremental detection efficiently when the new rules are added, anomaly detection algorithms based on an asymmetric double decision tree were considered. We considered the packet filter, the most common and used type of First Matching Rule, for the practical decision space of each rule and the whole policy. We adopted, based on the asymmetric double decision tree detection model, the policy equivalent decision tree and the policy decision tree of anomalies. Therefore, we can separate the policy’s effective decision space and the anomalous decision space. Using the separated decision trees can realize the optimization of the original policy and the faster incremental detection when adding new rules and generating a detailed report. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are superior to the other decision tree algorithms in detection speed and can achieve incremental detection. The results demonstrate that our approach can save about 33% of the time for complete detection compared with the other approaches, and the time of incremental anomaly detection compared to complete detection is about 90% of the time saved in a complex policy.

Atherosclerosis, is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by the narrowing of the arteries resulting from the formation of intimal plaques in the wall of arteries. Yet the molecular mechanisms responsible for maintaining the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions have not been fully defined. In this study, we show that TGF-β activates the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and this transition is dependent on the key executor of the Wnt signaling pathway in vitro. This study presents the first evidence describing the mechanistic details of the TGF-β-induced EndMT signaling pathway in HAECs by documenting the cellular transition to the mesenchymal phenotype including the expression of mesenchymal markers α-SMA and PDGFRα, and the loss of endothelial markers including VE-cadherin and CD31. Furthermore, a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screening revealed that Wnt2 signaling is required for TGF-β-mediated EndMT of HAECs. Also, we found that LDLR−/− mice fed on a high-fat western-type diet (21% fat, 0.2% cholesterol) expressed high levels of Wnt2 protein in atherosclerotic lesions, confirming that this signaling pathway is involved in atherosclerosis in vivo. These findings suggest that Wnt2 may contribute to atherosclerotic plaque development and this study will render Wnt2 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention aiming at controlling atherosclerosis.

Source localisation is an important component in the application of wireless sensor networks, and plays a key role in environmental monitoring, healthcare and battlefield surveillance and so on. In this article, the source localisation problem based on time-of-arrival measurements in asynchronous sensor networks is studied. Because of imperfect time synchronisation between the anchor nodes and the signal source node, the unknown parameter of start transmission time of signal source makes the localisation problem further sophisticated. The derived maximum-likelihood estimator cost function with multiple local minimum is non-linear and non-convex. A novel two-step method which can solve the global minimum is proposed. First, by leveraging dimensionality reduction, the maximum (minimum) distance maximum (minimum) time-of-arrival matching-based second-order Monte Carlo method is applied to find a rough initial position of the signal source with low computational complexity. Then, the rough initial position value is refined using trust region method to obtain the final positioning result. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art semidefinite programming and min–max criterion-based algorithms are conducted. Simulations show that the proposed method is superior in terms of localisation accuracy and computational complexity, and can reach the optimality benchmark of Cramér–Rao Lower Bound even in high signal-to-noise ratio environments.

Low carbon multiphase high strength steel is widely used in the automobile industry. In this work, the effect of intercritical deformation on the partitioning of alloying elements and the evolution of microstructure, as well as the effect of retained austenite stability on mechanical properties, were studied in a low carbon steel. The results demonstrate that the intercritical deformation enhances the C, Mn partition from ferrite to austenite during annealing at 770 ℃, and the volume fraction of the retained austenite increased from 8.8% to 12.3%. The DIQ&PB sample shows good balance between strength (1226.5 MPa) and ductility (24.4%), whose product of strength and elongation reached a larger value of 29926.6 MPa·% due to the intercritical deformation. This research provides theoretical guidance for the process design of automobile high-strength steels, considering the integration between rolling and heat cycles.

Aiming at the issue of the sliding mode observer (SMO) being sensitive to the motor model parameters at low speeds, a rotor position observation method based on resistance adaptive SMO and considering the influence of inverter dead time is designed in this paper. In this method, the online resistance identification is introduced into the conventional SMO, the resistance parameters of the SMO are modified in real-time, and the online resistance identification algorithm is designed by using the Lyapunov function. An enhanced linear dead time compensation method is proposed to improve the resistance adaptive SMO and eliminate the voltage error between the estimated and the actual motor models in order to address the impact of inverter dead time on the voltage parameters in the estimation model at low speeds. Simulation results show that the online resistance identification and dead time compensation can significantly improve the accuracy of sensorless speed control at low speeds, and the dead time compensation can also improve the accuracy of online resistance identification.

In this paper, we propose a novel secure role re-encryption system (SRRS), which is based on convergent encryption and the role re-encryption algorithm to prevent the privacy data leakage in cloud and it also achieves the authorized deduplication and satisfies the dynamic privilege updating and revoking. Meanwhile, our system supports ownership checking and achieves the proof of ownership for the authorized users efficiently. Specifically, we introduce a management center to handle with the authorized request and establish a role authorized tree (RAT) mapping the relationship of the roles and keys. With the convergent encryption algorithm and the role re-encryption technique, it can be guaranteed that only the authorized user who has the corresponding role re-encryption key can access the specific file without any data leakage. Through role re-encryption key updating and revoking, our system achieves the dynamic updating of the authorized user's privilege. Furthermore, we exploit the dynamic count filters (DCF) to implement the data updating and improve the retrieval of ownership verifying effectively. We conduct the security analysis and the simulation experiment to demonstrate the security and efficiency of our proposed system.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown in-situ on the surface of carbon fibers (CFs) at low pressure by a vertical chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor. The surface of CFs was modified by electrochemical anodization, and the growth morphology and other properties of CNTs were analyzed by detailed techniques. The CNT-grown CF reinforced unidirectional hierarchical composite material based on the epoxy resin was prepared. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) indicates that the maximum strength of the composites reaches 108 MPa after the CNTs are grown on the CF surface with a 25.2% increase than that of the desized CF composites. The fracture surface of composites was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to further understand the interfacial fracture behavior and enhancement mechanism of CNTs-CF/epoxy composites. The significant improvement in the overall performance of the hierarchical composites can be attributed to the increased adhesion of the interface between the fibers and the resin. The presence of CNTs can restrict the molecular movement of the resin and achieve a strong anchoring interaction, thereby increasing the strength and toughness of the composites and reducing the stress concentration between the layers.

Accumulating evidence suggests that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) functions as a critical regulator in cancer biology. Here, we characterized the role of lncRNA PCED1B antisense RNA 1 (PCED1B-AS1) in glioblastoma (GBM). PCED1B-AS1 was notably upregulated in GBM tissues and cell lines and closely associated with larger tumor size and higher grade. Patients with high PCED1B-AS1 had shorter survival time than those with low PCED1B-AS1. Functional experiments showed that depletion of PCED1B-AS1 significantly inhibited, while overexpression of PCED1B-AS1 promoted cell proliferation, glucose uptake, and lactate release. Mechanistically, PCED1B-AS1 was able to directly bind to the 5′-UTR of HIF-1α mRNA and potentiate HIF-1α translation, leading to increased HIF-1α protein level, thereby promoting the Warburg effect and tumorigenesis. Importantly, PCED1B-AS1 lost the carcinogenic properties in the absence of HIF-1α. In addition, we also confirmed the existence of the PCED1B-AS1/HIF-1α regulatory axis in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that PCED1B-AS1 is a novel oncogenic lncRNA in GBM and functions in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, which provides a promising prognostic biomarker and druggable target for GBM.

Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary system and its treatment has scarcely progressed for nearly 30 years. Advances in checkpoint inhibitor research have seemingly provided a new approach for treatment. However, there have been issues predicting immunotherapeutic biomarkers and identifying new therapeutic targets. We downloaded the gene expression profile and clinical data of 408 cases bladder urinary cancer from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) portal, and the abundance ratio of immune cells for each sample was obtained via the “Cell Type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT)” algorithm. Then, four survival-related immune cells were obtained via Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and 933 immune-related genes were obtained via a variance analysis. Enrichment, protein-protein interaction, and co-expression analyses were performed for these genes. Lastly, 4 survival-related immune cells and 24 hub genes were identified, four of which were related to overall survival. More importantly, these immune cells and genes were closely related to the clinical features. These cells and genes may have research value and clinical application in bladder cancer immunotherapy. Our study not only provides cell and gene targets for bladder cancer immunotherapy, but also provides new ideas for researchers to explore the immunotherapy of various tumors.

The access point (AP) is an integral part of the infrastructure mode in wireless network.While the attacks caused by rogue AP (RAP) divulge a lot of users' privates in a large extent,such as the user's location information,surfing behavior on the Internet and social relations.A RAP detection algorithm based on AP fingerprint was proposed.The validity of AP was judged by the unforgeability and stability of the parameters of beacon frames.And the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method were further verified by scheme comparisons and experimental analysis.

In the user selection phase of mobile crowdsensing, most existing incentive mechanisms focus on either single-attribute selection or random selection, which possibly lead to serious consequences such as low user enthusiasm, decreased task completion rate, and increased cost of platform consumption. To tackle these issues, in this paper, we propose a novel incentive mechanism MAIM, which is based on multi-attribute user selection and participation intention analysis function in mobile crowdsensing. In this mechanism, the sensing platform employs the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of three attributes: participation threshold, cost, and reputation. The weight calculation results of each sensing user with respect to each attribute are then integrated to obtain the sorted weight of each user, with which the sensing platform will then obtain the optimal user set. From the users' perspective, they can autonomously decide whether to accept task processing requests, as enabled by the participation intention analysis function, thereby voiding the absolute authority and control of the sensing platform over users and achieving a two-way selection between the sensing platform and the sensing users. Furthermore, the sensing platform establishes a score-based reputation reward to inspire active performers and utilizes a punishment mechanism to overawe malicious vandals, which substantially helps activize enthusiasm of user participation and improve sensing data quality. Simulation results indicate that the proposed MAIM has significantly improved the sensing task completion ratio and the budget surplus ratio compared with the existing incentive mechanisms in mobile crowdsensing.

Because the solid-state drive (SSD) shows high access performance, it is usually integrated into existing hard disk drive (HDD)-based storage hierarchy to form HDD/SSD hybrid storage systems. To further improve the performance of HDD/SSD hybrid storage systems, data migration schemes have been put forward to migrate the sequential data between HDD and SSD. However, the existing schemes cannot be aware of dirty data in the buffer and then incur a large number of unnecessary page migrations. In this paper, we devise an efficient data migration scheme considering dying data for HDD/SSD hybrid storage systems. In this scheme, a new liveness state, called the dying state, is utilized to identify the live data, which will become dead shortly due to its corresponding dirty version in the buffer. To decrease the page migration count, this scheme uses the benefit-to-cost ratio to select a block for data migration and copies the up-to-date version of dying data into the free space instead of migrating the dying data. Our experimental results show that our proposed scheme can perform better than existing data migration schemes that are not aware of dying data under various benchmarks.

In time-of-arrival (TOA)-based source localization, accurate positioning can be achieved only when the correct signal propagation time between the source and the sensors is obtained. In practice, a clock error usually exists between the nodes causing the source and sensors to often be in an asynchronous state. This leads to the asynchronous source localization problem which is then formulated to a least square problem with nonconvex and nonsmooth objective function. The state-of-the-art algorithms need to relax the original problem to convex programming, such as semidefinite programming (SDP), which results in performance loss. In this paper, unlike the existing approaches, we propose a proximal alternating minimization positioning (PAMP) method, which minimizes the original function without relaxation. Utilizing the biconvex property of original asynchronous problem, the method divides it into two subproblems: the clock offset subproblem and the synchronous source localization subproblem. For the former we derive a global solution, whereas the later is solved by a proposed efficient subgradient algorithm extended from the simulated annealing-based Barzilai–Borwein algorithm. The proposed method obtains preferable localization performance with lower computational complexity. The convergence of our method in Lyapunov framework is also established. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of PAMP method can be close to the optimality benchmark of Cramér–Rao Lower Bound.