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Strong ultraviolet (UV) radiation at high altitude imposes a serious selective pressure, which may induce skin pigmentation adaptation of indigenous populations. We conducted skin pigmentation phenotyping and genome-wide analysis of Tibetans in order to understand the underlying mechanism of adaptation to UV radiation. We observe that Tibetans have darker baseline skin color compared with lowland Han Chinese, as well as an improved tanning ability, suggesting a two-level adaptation to boost their melanin production. A genome-wide search for the responsible genes identifies GNPAT showing strong signals of positive selection in Tibetans. An enhancer mutation (rs75356281) located in GNPAT intron 2 is enriched in Tibetans (58%) but rare in other world populations (0 to 18%). The adaptive allele of rs75356281 is associated with darker skin in Tibetans and, under UVB treatment, it displays higher enhancer activities compared with the wild-type allele in in vitro luciferase assays. Transcriptome analyses of gene-edited cells clearly show that with UVB treatment, the adaptive variant of GNPAT promotes melanin synthesis, likely through the interactions of CAT and ACAA1 in peroxisomes with other pigmentation genes, and they act synergistically, leading to an improved tanning ability in Tibetans for UV protection.

In order to compensate formation pressure and maintain oil production, a carbonate oilfield in the Middle East adopts water flood development. The injected water exhibits the feature of high salinity and high content of chloride, high content of H2S, and high content of scaling ion. As a result, severe corrosion perforation and plugging were encountered in less than two years, which seriously affects the normal water injection and production of the oilfield.This paper aims to find out the main controlling factors and co-evolution law of corrosion and scaling, and propose the prevention strategy. The composition of the scale samples is firstly analyzed by combustion method, XRD and atomic absorption spectrometry, and then the main controlling factors of corrosion and scaling are experimentally clarified. On this basis, immersion experiments at different times are further carried out to reveal the evolution of corrosion and scaling in injectors at different depths.The results show that temperature, salinity (mainly Cl-), total sulfur content, and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) are the main factors controlling corrosion and scaling, and there is a synergistic effect among them. Temperature and sulfide have a promoting effect on uniform corrosion and scaling, while the salinity in the range of 110g/L-180g/L has an inhibition effect, but has a promoting effect on localized corrosion under deposits; a small amount of SRB can still propagate rapidly under deposits, aggravating the localized corrosion. Along the wellbore profile from top to bottom, the uniform corrosion rate and scaling amount increase but the localized corrosion rate decreases, which indicates that the high risk of localized corrosion perforation in the middle and upper part of the wellbore, as compared to the lower part. It is consistent with the actual corrosion perforation law of water injection wells. The co-evolution mechanism of corrosion and scaling is a synergistic process of three factors: lower uniform corrosion rate under high salinity + sulfide-induced local corrosion initiation + SRB enrichment under deposits and acidification autocatalysis due to Cl- migration. Finally, corrosion and scale control measures were taken by deep desulfurization and adding corrosion inhibitor. This work provides useful practical experience for preventing corrosion and scale formation of high salinity injector in carbonate oilfield.

This paper clarifies two issues related to the prior cathodic polarisation treatment (PCPT) for the potentiodynamic polarisation test: whether PCPT can (1) remove the air-formed surface film and (2) affect the polarisation test results. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of fluoride ion-labelled samples show that PCPT cannot remove the surface film completely due to the low reaction rate. Potentiodynamic polarisation tests demonstrate that PCPT with proper operating parameters, − 1.0 VSCE for 5 min with subsequent open circuit potential (OCP) stabilisation in this study, is necessary because it can improve the test reproducibility without affecting the corrosion parameters by unifying the initial surface state. However, PCPT with lower potentials, longer time or no OCP stabilisation has significant effects on the electrochemical corrosion parameters due to the hydrogen absorption under the conditions of this study.

Purpose This paper aims to explore the influence of CO2 partial pressure, flow rate and water cut on N80 steel corrosion behaviors in the displacement process of oil in glutenite reservoir by CO2 injection. Design/methodology/approach A self-made 3 L high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave was used to conduct corrosion simulation experiments of N80 steel in different CO2 partial pressures, flow rates and water cut (the independently developed oil and water mixing approach can ensure the uniform mixing of oil and water in experiments). Techniques like weight loss and surface analysis were used to analyze the corrosion behaviors of N80 steel under different conditions. Findings Results showed that the average corrosion rate of N80 steel accelerated at varying degrees with the increase of CO2 partial pressure, flow rate and water cut. Excluding that the samples showed uniform corrosion under the two conditions of 0.5MPa CO2 partial pressure and static corrosion, they displayed mesa attack corrosion under other conditions. Besides, with the increase of CO2 partial pressure, the pH value of solution dropped and the matrix corrosion speed rose, hence leading to the increased Fe2+ and CO32− concentration. Meanwhile, a lowered pH value improved the FeCO3 critical supersaturation, thereby leading to an increased nucleation rate/growth rate and ultimately causing the decrease of the dimension of FeCO3 crystallites formed on the surface of the samples. Originality/value The results can be helpful in targeted anti-corrosion measures for CO2/oil/water corrosive environment.

Recent study has reported that microRNA-628-5p (miR-628-5p) is involved in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer; however, the mechanisms of miR-628-5p in glioma remain unclear. In this study, we explored the potential biological roles of miR-628-5p in glioma. First, we found that miR-628-5p was decreased in the tissues and cells (U87 and T98) of glioma. Second, overexpressing miR-628-5p reduced the ability of glioma cells' proliferation and induced glioma cells' cycle arrest in G1. Then, we found that miR-628-5p directly bound to the 3'-untranslated region of DDX59 and decreased the protein level of DDX59. The decrease of DDX59 was found to lead to the decrease of p-AKT. Mechanistic studies revealed that restoring the expression of DDX59 alleviated miR-628-5p-induced inhibition of proliferation of glioma. These findings suggest that the miR-628-5p/DDX59 axis has a key role in the development of glioma, and miR-628-5p might be a new therapeutic target against glioma.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to solve the tubing corrosion problem of B Block on the Right Bank of Amu Darya river sour gas field. Design/methodology/approach By using four-point-bending method, the tubing’s ability to resist sulfide-stress cracking was tested. Simulating the wellbore corrosive environment, the corrosion inhibitor which was suitable for gas filed had been screened. According to the characteristic of Amu Darya river gas field, the corrosion monitor system had been designed. Findings From the feedback of wellbore corrosion monitor result, the corrosion rate was lower than 0.076 mm/a. Originality/value This anti-corrosion technique provides security for the development of gas field.

A carbonate oilfield in the Middle East carries out the mixed water injection of produced water and fresh water, after 1 year of its rapid exploration. The injected water is highly corrosive, with high salinity, high chloride concentration and high hydrogen sulfide. Recently, there are dozens of corrosion perforations on L80 tubing in injectors within 2 years in the field and the corrosion rate reaches 3.6 mm/a. After the tubing leaks, the injected water enters into the annulus between the tubing and casing, which causes casing corrosion, damages the well integrity, and greatly influences the field production. In this paper, the causes for such rapid tubing corrosion failure are investigated by using optical metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) X-ray diffraction (XRD), and combined with the weight loss and bacteria testing. Firstly, test the element composition of the L80 tubing to verify the tubing quality. Secondly, conduct the corrosion experiments of H2S and dissolved oxygen. Thirdly, analyze the morphology and corrosion product composition of failure tubing. The results indicate that the failed L80 tubing material meets the requirements of API SPEC 5CT-2011 standard. The localized corrosion rate of L80 is 0.293~0.697 mm/a at whole well depth in the simulated injection water. Bacteria were detected in both the injected water and the corrosion products of the failed tubing. In addition, the corrosion products of failed tubing are mainly FeS, CaCO3 and Fe3O4, which indicates that the synergistic effect of microbiologically influenced corrosion and under-deposited corrosion promote the perforation of tubing. Then the corrosion prevention strategy of UHMWPE lined tubing was proposed. UHMWPE lined tubing has been applied in nine water injectors. After one year and a half, one of the water injector’s UHMWPE lined tubing has been detected, no corrosion perforations observed, and the scale deposition became slightly. This case provides useful practical experience for corrosion prevention of high salinity and high acid injection well in carbonate oilfields.

With the continuous development of China's society and economy, urban traffic problems have become increasingly serious. Analyzing the data gnerated by the city will help us better solve the urban traffic problem. This paper defines a key road in the city, and installs data acquisition equipment on these roads. By understanding the traffic conditions of key roads, we can understand the traffic conditions of other roads in the city. In this way, only a small number of roads need to be monitored in the city, which can reduce the workload of urban data analysis, greatly improve the efficiency of data analysis and reduce the cost of urban construction. This paper combines the common traffic flow prediction scenarios in traffic problems to verify the importance of these key roads. The GPS data of taxis in Changchun City are mainly used for statistical analysis of urban road traffic flow. The main work includes the following aspects: [1] Firstly, the parallel processing method is used to match the taxi GPS data, which greatly improves the matching efficiency. The POI interest point data, road network data and ground induction coil data of Changchun City are crawled. The road flow data is obtained according to GPS data statistics. Grid the city. Road matching is carried out on the ground induction coil data. It is considered that the roads with ground induction coils are the key roads selected by human experience, and these roads are defined as the initialized key roads. Secondly, using the road network map data, the embedded coding features of the road are obtained through the graph embedding series models in the graph neural network method. The embedded features and road attributes are used to cluster the roads, and the key roads based on graph neural network are selected according to the clustering results. Then, the road flow prediction model is mainly divided into full data model and sparse data model. The full data mode uses all road history data, and the sparse data mode uses key road history data. The feature engineering of sparse data model is constructed, which mainly includes five parts: Road inherent attribute characteristics, road network diagram relationship characteristics, POI interest point characteristics, graph embedding characteristics and key road flow characteristics. A variety of machine learning and deep learning methods are tried to construct the road flow prediction model. Finally, the total cost evaluation standard of key road selection results is defined, which is composed of time cost, data cost and precision cost. [2]The time cost is the time taken for model training, the data cost is the proportion of the number of key roads to the total number of roads, and the accuracy cost is the accuracy of the road flow prediction model. The total cost experimental results of full data mode and sparse data mode are compared to verify the feasibility of sparse data mode in display scene. Comparing the key roads of initialization mode selection with the key roads of graph neural network mode selection, it is verified that the key roads of graph neural network mode selection have lower total cost, and can reduce or optimize the existing key roads in the existing cities, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the cost of urban construction. This paper establishes a traffic prediction model to calculate the flow of other urban roads according to the sparse data of key roads. By reducing the number of monitoring equipment to reduce the cost of urban construction, we can also calculate the flow information of roads without monitoring equipment in the past. Since only road network map data and road attribute data are required for the selection of key roads, this method can also be used for auxiliary design in the planning of new urban roads, so as to reduce the workload and avoid the error of manual operation.

AIM To investigate the expression and clinical significance of B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3) and β-1,3-galactosyltransferase-4 (B3GALT4) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS Using tissue microarray, we identified the expression of B7-H3 and B3GALT4 in 223 CRC patient samples by immunohistochemistry and evaluated the possible correlation between B7-H3 and B3GALT4 and clinical outcomes. Further, the mRNA and protein expression were identified to establish the regulatory relationship of B7-H3 with B3GALT4 in vitro. RESULTS A significant positive correlation between B7-H3 and B3GALT4 was observed in CRC specimens (r = 0.219, P = 0.001). High expression of B7-H3 was identified as a significant independent predictor of poor overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.781; 95%CI: 1.027-3.089; P = 0.040]. Moreover, high expression of B3GALT4 was also recognized as an independent predictor of inferior OS (HR = 1.597; 95%CI: 1.007-2.533; P = 0.047). Additionally, CRC patients expressing both high B7-H3 and high B3GALT4 contributed to a significant decrease in OS (HR = 2.283; 95%CI: 1.289-4.042; P = 0.005). In CRC cell lines with stable expression of high B7-H3, the mRNA and protein expressions of B3GALT4 were significantly upregulated. Similarly, the expression of B3GALT4 was significantly reduced when expression of B7-H3 was knocked down. CONCLUSION The expression of B3GALT4 in CRC is positively correlated with B7-H3 expression in vitro. B7-H3/B3GLAT4 may be used as dual prognostic biomarkers for CRC.

The diffusion coatings were deposited on commercially pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy at up to 1000 &deg, C for up to 10 h using the pack cementation method. The pack powders consisted of 4 wt% Al (Al reservoir) and 4 wt% NH4Cl (activator) which were balanced with Al2O3 (inert filler). The growth kinetics of coatings were gravimetrically measured by a high precision balance. The aluminised specimens were characterised by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). At the early stages of deposition, a TiO2 (rutile) scale, other than aluminide coating, was developed on both materials at &lt, 900 &deg, C. As the experimental temperature arose above 900 &deg, C, the rutile layer became unstable and reduced to the low oxidation state of Ti oxides. When the temperature increased to 1000 &deg, C, the TiO2 scale dissociated almost completely and the aluminide coating began to develop. After a triple-layered coating was generated, the coating growth was governed by the outward migration of Ti species from the substrates and obeyed the parabolic law. The coating formed consisted of an outer layer of Al3Ti, a mid-layer of Al2Ti and an inner layer of AlTi. The outer layer of Al3Ti dominated the thickness of the aluminide coating.

The corrosion behavior of zinc-rich epoxy primers or paints (ZRPs) with different conducting polyaniline-grafted graphene (PANI/Gr) contents was investigated. Conductivity of the formed PANI/Gr nanosheets was significantly improved by employing the Gr as the inner template to synthesize the PANI. The protective properties and electrochemical behavior of coatings with artificial defects were investigated by monitoring the free corrosion potential versus time and by using localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS). A synergetic enhancement of the physical barrier role of the coating and the zinc sacrificial cathodic protection was achieved in the case of ZRP including PANI/Gr nanosheets. In addition, the ZRP mixed with the PANI/Gr at a content of 0.6% exhibited the best anticorrosion performance across the range of investigated PANI/Gr contents.

Jab1 (Jun activation domain-binding protein 1), also known as CSN5 (COP9 signalosome subunit 5), is frequently overexpressed in several cancer types. However, the biological functions and the molecular mechanisms of the Jab1 protein in human gliomas have not been investigated. In this study, we found that Jab1 protein was increasingly expressed in human glioma tissues comparing with normal brain tissues (Non-tumor). This suggested that Jab1 might be involved in the development of glioma. Thus, the role of Jab1 in glioma cell proliferation was investigated using Jab1 loss- and gain-of-function. The results showed that downregulation of Jab1 significantly inhibited glioma cell proliferation, while overexpression of Jab1 promoted it. Further investigation on molecular targets revealed that silencing of Jab1 obviously increased the p53 protein level thereby promoting the transcription of ubiquitin ligase Siah1 (Seven in absentia homolog 1), which aggravates the degradation of β-catenin. In contrast, overexpression of Jab1 had the opposite effect. Taken together, these findings suggest that Jab1 promotes glioma cell proliferation and increased expression of Jab1 in glioma patients may amplify β-catenin signaling to contribute to glioma cell proliferation.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most widespread type of liver cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of HCC tumorigenesis is very intricate and HBV-encoded X protein (HBx) has been reported to play a key role in this process. It has been reported that HBx up-regulates the transcription of ErbB3. However, it remains unclear whether HBx can regulate ErbB3 expression at post-translational modification level. In this study, we showed that HBx interacts with ubiquitin ligase Nrdp1 (neuregulin receptor degradation protein 1) and decreases its stability, which results in the up-regulation of ErbB3 and promotion of HCC cells. Moreover, the expression of ErbB3 was almost undetectable in normal liver tissues but was relative abundant in HCC tissues, and the level of ErbB3 and Nrdp1 significantly showed a negative correlation in HCC tissues. Taken together, these findings suggest that HBx promotes the progression of HCC by decreasing the stability of Nrdp1, which results in up-regulation of ErbB3, suggesting that ErbB3 may be a target for HCC therapy.

Integrating different therapies into a single nanoplatform has shown great potential for synergistic anti-tumor therapy. In this work, we fabricated the graphene oxide (GO)-based nanosheets loaded with chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and modified with GE11, which is an efficient ligand for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The nanocomposite system 5-FU/GO-PEG-GE11 was found to transfer 5-FU into EGFR-overexpressing HCT-116 cells effectively. The oxidation of glutathione in the tumor cells was found to be accelerated and then destroy the intracellular redox balance after irradiation. The 5-FU/GO-PEG-GE11 nanocomposites exhibited an enhanced synergistic anti-tumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Tumor inhibition rate was 90 % in subcutaneous colorectal cancer (CRC) bearing mouse model. The GO-based nanocomposites serve as a versatile platform integrated of PTT and chemotherapy with EGFR-targeting ability, which hold great promise for CRC treatment.

Polyaniline/cerium dioxide (PANI/CeO2) nanocomposite (NPs) was synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of CeO2 NPs. Various analytical facilities, i.e., powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), were utilized to characterize the synthesized CeO2 and PANI/CeO2 NPs. The coatings prepared from the synthesized PANI/CeO2 NPs exhibited excellent corrosion resistance that was superior to epoxy coatings added with PANI in NaCl solution. The exceptional improvement of corrosion protection performance of the PANI/CeO2 /epoxy coatings is associated with the synergetic protection of the enhancement of the protective barrier due to the role of CeO2 NPs and PANI against the diffusion of aggressive ions (e.g., Cl−) and the improvement of self-healing protection attributed to the redox behavior of PANI. Thus, the hybrid PANI/CeO2 NPs are considered as the best route to enhance the protection performance of the epoxy coatings on carbon steel.

Summary Acyl-CoA thioesterase 1 (ACOT1) is an important isoform of the ACOT family that catalyzes the reaction of fatty acyl–CoAs to CoA-SH and free fatty acids. Recent studies of gastrointestinal tumor metabolism suggest that there is abnormal metabolism of lipids and fatty acids during tumor progression. However, the function and contribution of ACOT1 in gastric cancer development are still poorly understood. In addition, GLI3 is a major transcription factor in the regulation of hedgehog signaling. GLI3 mutations induce glandular expansion and intestinal metaplasia in gastric cancer, which indicates a role for GLI3 in the preneoplastic process. Thus, we investigated the relationship between ACOT1 expression and GLI3 in gastric adenocarcinoma. A tissue microarray was constructed from 280 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma. The immunohistochemistry method was performed on tissue sections of 4 μm from each tissue microarray block. We found a significant correlation between ACOT1 expression and poor histologic grade, a lower T category, TNM stage, and increased GLI3 expression. In addition, the survival analysis revealed that the ACOT1-positive group had significantly decreased overall survival rates compared with the ACOT1-negative group. Furthermore, GLI3 expression had a significant positive correlation with ACOT1 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma cells. In summary, these findings demonstrate that increased expression of ACOT1 is correlated with pivotal clinicopathological parameters and poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma through increased expression of the potential tumor-promoting protein GLI3.

OBJECTIVE: Increasing evidence has indicated an association between gut microbiota in gastrointestinal cancer and clinical outcome. Herein, we aim to develop a prognosis-prediction tool based on an immune-lipid metabolism signature, tumor cell-associated immune microenvironment, and lipid metabolism proteins inferred from the function of gut microbiota. METHODS: 16S gene ribosomal RNA sequencing was performed on 10 fecal samples obtained after tumor resection but before chemotherapy (EBVaGC = 4 and EBVnGC = 6). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression was applied to screening for highly accurate marker proteins. A compound score based on the fraction of screened markers was then constructed using a LASSO logistic regression model. RESULTS: The Tax4Fun analysis based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes data indicated differentially expressed tumor pathway between EBVnGC and EBVaGC. Using the LASSO logistic model, a compound score was established consisting of 14 types of immune microenvironment and lipid metabolism proteins. In the training set (378 patients), significant differences were found between high- and low-compound score groups in overall survival across and within subpopulations with an identical EBV. Multivariable analysis revealed that the compound score was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 2.26; 95% confidence interval = 2.28–3.36). The prognostic value ;of the compound score was also confirmed in the validation (162 patients) and entire (540 patients) sets. DISCUSSION: The proposed compound score is a promising signature for estimating overall survival in patients with gastric cancer having EBVaGCs or EBVnGCs.

Anti-corrosion techniques are studied to deal with the CO2 and H2S coexistent environment of the Tazhong I gas field. Orthogonal experiment with five different factors and levels is carried out to compare the influence of the factors on the corrosion rate of the sulfur-resistant tubing. These five factors are pressure of CO2, pressure of H2S, temperature, content of Cl−, and water cut. It is found that CO2 pressure is the major corrosion factor. The combination of sulfur resistance tubing and corrosion inhibitor is selected as the anti-corrosion method and the proper corrosion inhibitor named YU-4 is designed according to the result of orthogonal experiment. This anti-corrosion method was used in 12 wells of the Tazhong I gas field, achieving good results. The average corrosion rate of Well TZ83 decreased from 1.23 mm/a to 0.025 mm/a and the corrosion rate of Well TZ623 decreased from 0.370 mm/a to 0.016 mm/a. Key words: gas well, CO2, H2S, corrosion, influencing factor, major factor, anti-corrosion method

Background:Hyperglycemia is associated with dismal outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is frequently treated with insulin therapy. In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to assess the s

Calcyclin-binding protein or Siah-1-interacting protein (CacyBP/SIP) was previously reported to promote the proliferation of glioma cells. However, the effect of CacyBP/SIP on apoptosis of glioma is poorly understood. Here, our study shows that CacyBP/SIP plays a role in inhibiting doxorubicin (DOX) induced apoptosis of glioma cells U251 and U87. Overexpression of CacyBP/SIP obviously suppressed the DOX-induced cell apoptosis. On the contrary, silencing of CacyBP/SIP significantly promoted it. Further investigation indicated that inhibition of apoptosis by CacyBP/SIP was relevant to its nuclear translocation in response to the DOX treatment. Importantly, we found that the level of p-ERK1/2 in nuclei was related to the nuclear accumulation of CacyBP/SIP. Finally, the role of CacyBP/SIP was confirmed in vivo in a mouse model with the cell line stably silencing CacyBP/SIP. Taken together, our results suggest that CacyBP/SIP plays an important role in inhibiting apoptosis of glioma cells which might be mediated by ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which will provide some guidance for the treatment of glioma.