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Evacuation path optimization (EPO) is a crucial problem in crowd and disaster management. With the consideration of dynamic evacuee velocity, the EPO problem becomes nondeterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-Hard). Furthermore, since not only one single evacuation path but multiple mutually restricted paths should be found, the crowd evacuation problem becomes even challenging in both solution spatial encoding and optimal solution searching. To address the above challenges, this article puts forward an ant colony evacuation planner (ACEP) with a novel solution construction strategy and an incremental flow assignment (IFA) method. First, different from the traditional ant algorithms, where each ant builds a complete solution independently, ACEP uses the entire colony of ants to simulate the behavior of the crowd during evacuation. In this way, the colony of ants works cooperatively to find a set of evacuation paths simultaneously and thus multiple evacuation paths can be found effectively. Second, in order to reduce the execution time of ACEP, an IFA method is introduced, in which fractions of evacuees are assigned step by step, to imitate the group-based evacuation process in the real world so that the efficiency of ACEP can be further improved. Numerical experiments are conducted on a set of networks with different sizes. The experimental results demonstrate that ACEP is promising.

A persimmon tannin-Aloe vera composite powder (PT-A) was investigated for its capacity to protect against ionizing radiation. Human hepatic cells (L02 cells) and human hepatoma cells (HepG2 cells) were pretreated with different concentrations of PT-A or the single compounds (PT or Aloe vera) and radiated with X-rays. After radiation and post-incubation for 12 h or 24 h, the cell viability, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8), 2′,7′-dichlorfluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining, and Hoechst 33258 staining/flow cytometry, respectively. CCK-8 results illustrated that the optimal radiation dose L02 cells was 8 Gy for L02 cells, and the cell activity was 71.72% (IC50 = 412.1 μg/mL) after post-radiation incubation of 12 h. For HepG2 cells, the optimal radiation dose was 8 Gy, and the cell activity was 62.37% (IC50 = 213.0 μg/mL). The cell apoptotic rate was the lowest at a PT-A concentration of 200 μg/mL in L02 cells (4.32%, P < 0.05), and at 100 μg/mL in HepG2 cells (9.80%, P < 0.05). ROS production induced by radiation could be effectively inhibited by 200 μg/mL of PT-A in L02 cells, and by 100 μg/mL of PT-A in HepG2 cells. The PT-A composite has good radioprotective effects on cell vitality and apoptosis of X-rays radiation exposure towards L02 cells and HepG2 cells compared to the persimmon tannin or Aloe vera. Therefore, PT-A composite might be useful as a natural, harmless anti-ionizing radiation agent, and has various clinical application prospects in future.

The Mo alloys reinforced by Al2O3 particles were fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis and powder metallurgy. The microstructures of Mo−Al2O3 alloys were studied by using XRD, SEM and TEM. The results show that Al2O3 particles, existing as a stable hexagonal phase (α-Al2O3), are uniformly dispersed in Mo matrix. The ultrafine α-Al2O3 particles remarkably refine grain size and increase dislocation density of Mo alloys. Moreover, a good interfacial bonding zone between α-Al2O3 and Mo grain is obtained. The crystallographic orientations of the interface of the Al2O3 particles and Mo matrix are [ 1 ¯ 11 ] α - Al 2 O 3 / / [ 1 ¯ 11 ] Mo and [ 1 1 ¯ 2 ] α - Al 2 O 3 / / [ 0 1 ¯ 1 ] Mo . Due to the effect of secondary- phase and dislocation strengthening, the yield strength of Mo−2.0vol.%Al2O3 alloy annealed at 1200 °C is approximately 56.0% higher than that of pure Mo. The results confirm that the addition of Al2O3 particles is a promising method to improve the mechanical properties of Mo alloys.

A persimmon tannin

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major public health concern, associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Several factors have been implicated in its occurrence and development, which includes histone chaperones. The role of spty2d1 (spt2)-a novel histone chaperone protein-has rarely been investigated in CRC. Therefore, we demonstrated in this study that spt2 undergoes different genetic alterations in colorectal adenocarcinoma datasets and that it was associated with the proliferation of colon carcinoma. Spt2 silencing can reduce the ability of proliferation and increase the rate of apoptosis of LoVo cells. Regarding the overall survival associated with spt2, only the quartile disease-free survival of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) was found to be statistically significant, while that of rectum adenocarcinoma (READ) was not. The positive (+++) expression of spt2 was correlated with a deeper invasion depth in colorectal adenocarcinoma, and this effect was more pronounced in COAD. These data collectively suggest that spt2 can influence the progression and prognosis in some subtypes of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Therefore, we propose spt2 as a potential target for application in enhancing the overall therapeutic efficacy in some specific subtypes of colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Carpool Service Problem (CSP), which aims at providing the ridesharing plans in order to alleviate traffic congestion, has attracted high attention in the past years. A considerable amount of efforts have been devoted to solving CSP with low vehicle capacity and small travel demand, e.g., ridesharing by private cars. However, there are few studies involving CSP with high vehicle capacity, e.g., ridesharing by buses or microbuses. In view of the special high capacity characteristic, this paper proposes an ant colony system (ACS) with novel heuristic information and pheromone calculation strategies (HC-ACS). First, we redesign the heuristic information of each edge, both the length of the specific edge and the estimation of the total travel are considered. Second, a summation rule is applied to the usage of pheromone to maintain the searching diversity. Our experiments on datasets with different spatial distribution show that the proposed HC-ACS is promising in the environment with relatively high seating capacity.

The evolution of density of tungsten sheets with different dopant content is studied. The microstructure evolution and annealing behavior of three kinds of tungsten sheets with deformation of 63, 83, 92%, are studied. The results show that when rolling deformation reaches to 92%, the density of lanthanum-doped tungsten sheets increases from 18.4 to 18.9 g/cm3, and the density of Potassium-doped tungsten sheets increases from 17.6 to 19.15 g/cm3. The deformation of lanthanum oxide particles increases with the increment of deformation, and the tungsten sheets exhibit a typical rolling state. The microstructure of doped tungsten sheets at high temperature is more stable than that of the pure tungsten ones.

This program has been based on green and environment friendly concepts, and has performed a comprehensive improvement on the organic chemistry experiment teaching process. By using in the experiment contents the multiple-step series design experiment option, a variety of new green energies, micro type of instrument and micro/semi micro reagent, green concept has been appliedin organic chemistry experiment teaching process. Green concept has been also applied in extracurricular practices of organic chemistry and other major’s students. By practicing the “3 micro’s” program and open experiments, students have been educated with the green concept, and influenced in the field of lifestyle and view of value. After more than three years’ teaching practice, our program has obtained favorable result in teaching practice, and established a new teaching concept. The students have won awards in several competitions of environment protection innovation. The result of our program may be applied in the organic chemistry experiment teaching process of other higher education colleges.

Active filter topology and principle are introduced. Harmonic data processing method is proposed . The method can greatly reduce the amount of computation of the controller to improve real-time. In addition, the working principle of the active filter topology and control strategies are introduced and analyzed. Results verify the correctness of the algorithm and the feasibility of the design.

Dropping or inhibition is the traditional way to control P2P traffic, which affects the user's experience. This paper implements an intelligent P2P traffic guidance scheme which combines recent P2PCache technology and some intelligent strategies. The scheme can fully make inner-network users interconnected, reduce the P2P interconnection traffic and improve the users experience.

Based on gear transmission system of 1.5MW wind turbine, dynamic characteristics are analyzed under the effect of both external and internal incentives. Using lumped parameter method, the dynamic model involving 6 degrees of freedom for every helical gear is established with taking the time-varying mesh stiffness and error into account. The results show that the transmission system is quasi-periodic under the operating speed, and the vibration direction of gear with a large amplitude is obtained. This study can be referred to the engineering applications.

The paper systematically analyzes potential factors influencing learning interest of university students. The sample is recruited from a survey on learning interest on students of the Grade 2013 of Institute of Tourism, Convention and Exhibition Economics and Management at Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics. We have found that, the recognition of the importance of expertise knowledge on future work, the interaction during teaching and learning, and the responsibility assumed by teachers, have significant positive effects on students' interest in learning. On the other hand, gender of students, adoption of new technology on teaching, and several other factors play no role on the learning interest of students. Index Terms - Interest in learning. Influencing factors. Ordered Logistic model improving teaching method, the paper mainly explores the effect of external cause on students' learning interest in the teaching process. This paper builds models with Ordered Logistic model, and makes ordered analysis to the external causes affecting the learning interest through SPSS software to observe the effect of these factors on the learning interest so as to provide some countermeasures and suggestions for improving students' learning interest and the teaching methods. 2. Model Building Ordered Logistic model is a non-linear probability model to estimate the coefficient and residual in the way of Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). The model is as follows: Where, is a dependent variable, is an independent variable, is the error term, and is the estimated parameter of the model. In the model, we assume that distributes based on Logistic. is a latent variable, and cannot be directly observed, therefore, the probability of has to be estimated through the observed with the relationship between the two as follows: if

A study is made on gear transmission system of 1.5MW Wind Turbine Gearbox. Using lumped parameter method, the dynamics model involving 6 degrees of freedom for every helical gear is established with taking the time-varying mesh stiffness and error into account. The dynamics characteristic of transmission under the effect of both external and internal excitation is calculated. The results show that under the rated speed, the transmission system is quasi-periodic, and the vibration directions of gears with large amplitude are obtained, which is consistent with testing results. This study can be referred to in engineering applications.

SiCp/AZ61 composites reinforced with SiC particles were fabricated by semi-solid stirring-melt casting technique. The creep properties of the composites have been studied by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, micro-structural and XRD observation. The results show that the matrix grains were refined obviously at high temperature with SiC particles introducing and the creep properties of SiCp/AZ61 composites were improved comparing with AZ61 alloy. SiC particles were substituted for Mg17Al12 phase that was easily intenerated at high temperature on grain boundaries. The pinning of SiC particles prevents dislocation and slip of grain boundary at high temperature.

Two new lanthanide coordination polymers, [Ln2(APA)2(HAPA)2(phen)2] n [Ln = Pr (1), Eu (2); H2APA = 5-aminoisophthalic acid, phen = 1,10-Phenanthroline] have been synthesized by hydrothermal method, and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and IR spectra. Crystallographic data show that complexes 1 and 2 both crystallize in a triclinic system, space group $$ P\bar{1} $$ . The titled compounds own 2-D herringbone structures which are further constructed to form 3-D supramolecular structures by N–H···O and O–H···O hydrogen bondings. The thermogravimetric analyses were carried out to examine the thermal stability of the title complexes. And the photoluminescence property of 2 was investigated. In the title complexes 5-aminoisophthalic acids link the lanthanide ions to 2-D herringbone structures which are further constructed to form 3-D supramolecular structures. Two 3-D lanthanide supramolecular coordination polymers with high thermal stability have been synthesized by hydrothermal method.

The effects of solvent polarity on the geometry and static first hyperpolarizability of one- and two-dimensional charge transfer molecules based on para-nitroaniline (PNA) and 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene (DADB) were studied using a polarizable continuum model (PCM) at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. The inclusion of solvent does not change the geometry significantly, but produces a change in the calculated results of the electronic structures and nonlinear optical properties. It is found that solvent polarity has an important influence on the first hyperpolarizability, whereas its influence is negligible on the nonlinearity anisotropy parameter both for PNA and DADB, due to the fact that the off-diagonal component and the diagonal component of the first hyperpolarizability possess similar solvent effect characteristics.

The frequency-dependent first hyperpolarizabilities β(−2ω; ω, ω) and β(−ω; ω, 0) of the hemicyanine derivative, 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-N′-methyl stilbazolium (DAS), have been theoretically investigated by using ab initio and semi-empirical methods at the near-infrared region, respectively. Theoretical results indicate that the first hyperpolarizabilities, dominated by the contribution of the first excited state, show strong frequency dependence on the incident light. With the increase of the incident light frequency in infrared region, the values of β(−2ω; ω, ω) and β(−ω; ω, 0) increase, but β(−2ω; ω, ω) increases more significantly in near-infrared range (λ

We calculate the frequency-dependent first hyperpolarizabilities and their anisotropy properties of one- and two-dimensional charge transfer (CT) molecules on examples of para-nitroaniline (pNA) and 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene (DADB) using semi-empirical and ab initio methods, respectively. The results show that not only the first hyperpolarizability but also its anisotropy can be significantly influenced by the frequency of incident light. The contribution of off-diagonal terms to the first hyperpolarizability can be enhanced by dispersion effect for two-dimensional CT molecules whereas decreased for one-dimensional CT dipolar systems, comparing to the contribution of diagonal term.

In this paper, we have designed 26 hemicyanine cationic derivatives by selecting π-conjugated bond and increasing alkyl chain length of electron donor (D) group and of electron acceptor (A) in order to describe their structure–property relationship. The geometries and molecular frontier orbitals are obtained from semi-empirical PM3 method. The finite-field (FF) method is performed to calculate molecular first hyperpolarizability (β). It is concluded that hemicyanine molecular second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties are not dependent on σ-chain (abbreviation for the alkyl chain connected to cationic pyridinium ring) but determined by donor and acceptor. With the π-conjugation length increasing, the magnitudes of β increase and approach saturation, while the HOMO–LUMO energy gap ΔEHL values decrease resulting in red shift of absorption spectra peak. Moreover, it is interesting to note that the first hyperpolarizabilities of hemicyanine derivatives are linearly related to the HOMO–LUMO energy gap ΔEHL. It may be helpful to further understand the structure–property relationship of the organic NLO materials.

This work presents a temperature-dependent volume translation to improve the volume properties of the Soave−Redlich−Kwong equation of state (SRK EOS) for pure fluids and mixtures. The volume translation is generalized as a function of the critical parameters and reduced temperature. The SRK EOS with the generalized volume translation can accurately represent the densities for different polar and nonpolar fluids in the saturated and supercritical region, including alkanes, olefins, alkines, cycloolefins, aromatics, alcohols, ethers, ketones, halogenated hydrocarbons, and inorganic molecules. The average relative deviation is 1.73% for pure fluids in the saturated region. The generalized volume translation SRK EOS (VTSRK EOS) has better accuracy than other methods and EOSs in the saturated and supercritical regions.

A float nozzle was designed and developed for use with large-scale industrial circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers. The gas distributor equipped with the float nozzle has a unique pressure drop characteristic. It has a higher resistance than other nozzles which results in the formation of an effective barrier against backflow at low boiler loads, which results from the pressure fluctuation caused by bubble burst and solids coming from the recycle system. In addition, it has a relatively low pressure drop at high or full boiler loads, which can greatly reduce the energy cost of the primary air fan.

To investigate the safety and efficacy of the transabdominal-hiatal approach of radical gastrectomy for the advanced proximal gastric cancer.The clinical data of 40 advanced proximal gastric cancer patients with involvement of distal esophagus admitted in Tongcheng People's Hospital from June 2003 to September 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients included 27 men and 13 women with a mean age of 56.1 years (range: 37 to 76 years). The data were compared with those of 40 proximal gastric cancer patients undergoing standard thoracoabdominal approach (control group) during the same period.As compared with the control group, the transabdominal-hiatal approach showed less blood loss [(181.3 ± 63.7) ml vs.(248.8 ± 79.7) ml], shorter operating time [(4.1 ± 0.6) h vs. (5.3 ± 0.7) h], shorter ICU stay [(6.5 ± 5.7) d vs. (19.4 ± 18.0) d] and shorter postoperative hospital stay [(14.0 ± 2.3) d vs.(18.7 ± 3.0) d] (all P0.05). The complication rates of transabdominal-hiatal approach group and thoracoabdominal approach group were 7.5% (3/40) and 10.0% (4/40), and the 5-year survival rates were 51.3% and 60.0%, respectively (both P0.05).The transabdominal-hiatal approach of radical gastrectomy for proximal gastric cancer is safe and effective, which may substitute the standard thoracoabdominal technique.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in many biological processes. GSK3β catalyzes the transfer of γ-phosphate of ATP to the unique substrate Ser/Thr residues with the assistance of two natural activating cofactors Mg(2+). Interestingly, the biological observation reveals that a non-native Ca(2+) ion can inhibit the GSK3β catalytic activity. Here, the inhibitory mechanism of GSK3β by the displacement of native Mg(2+) at site 1 by Ca(2+) was investigated by means of 80 ns comparative molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the GSK3β···Mg(2+)-2/ATP/Mg(2+) -1 and GSK3β···Mg(2+)-2/ATP/Ca(2+)-1 systems. MD simulation results revealed that using the AMBER point charge model force field for Mg(2+) was more appropriate in the reproduction of the active site architectural characteristics of GSK3β than using the magnesium-cationic dummy atom model force field. Compared with the native Mg(2+) bound system, the misalignment of the critical triphosphate moiety of ATP, the erroneous coordination environments around the Mg(2+) ion at site 2, and the rupture of the key hydrogen bond between the invariant Lys85 and the ATP O(β2) atom in the Ca(2+) substituted system were observed in the MD simulation due to the Ca(2+) ion in active site in order to achieve its preferred sevenfold coordination geometry, which adequately abolish the enzymatic activity. The obtained results are valuable in understanding the possible mechanism by why Ca(2+) inhibits the GSK3β activity and also provide insights into the mechanism of Ca(2+) inhibition in other structurally related protein kinases.

To investigate the pathogenesis of stress myocardial injury.Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, with 10 rats in each group: normal control group, movement restriction and ice swimming stress group (rat movement was restricted 6 hours per day; beginning from 13th day rats were allowed to swim in ice water for 5 minutes, ice stress group), and endotoxin stress group [intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 10 mg/kg, LPS group]. The myocardial tissue was harvested, the pathological changes in myocardial was observed with light microscopy, and the changes in myocardial ultrastructure were observed with electron microscope. The levels of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), apoptosis of myocardial cells was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), and the apoptotic index was calculated.The caspase-8 and caspase-3 expression in myocardial tissue were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between caspase and apoptotic index was analyzed.Compared with normal control group, in ice stress group and LPS group, myocardial tissue was found to be injured seriously in different degrees under light microscopy and electron microscopy; the content of cTnI (μg/L) in serum was significantly increased (0.63 ± 0.12, 0.74 ± 0.08 vs. 0.53 ± 0.03, P0.05 and P0.01); apoptosis index of myocardial tissue was significantly increased in different degrees [(7.91 ± 1.71)%, (12.94 ± 2.00)% vs. 0]; caspase-8 and caspase-3 expressions in the myocardium were increased (caspase-8 gray scale: 126.65 ± 3.13, 114.82 ± 8.67 vs. 156.99 ± 9.66; caspase-3 gray scale: 130.20 ± 2.96, 108.58 ± 5.72 vs. 160.51 ± 5.25, all P0.01). However, the above indexes in LPS group were significantly higher than those in ice stress group (P0.05 or P0.01). The correlation analysis showed that in ice stress group, positive correlation was found between caspase-8, caspase-3 and apoptotic index [r(1) = 0.914, P(1) = 0.002; r(2) = 0.929, P(2) = 0.001]; in LPS group, the positive correlation also exist between caspase-8, caspase-3 and apoptotic index [r(1) = 0.956, P(1) = 0.000; r(2) = 0.916, P(2) = 0.001].Severe stress may produce stress injury of myocardium via increasing expression of caspase-8 and caspase-3 protein.

Visualization experiments were conducted in a positive pressure system to investigate the starting process characteristics of the absorber sphere pneumatic conveying. The ambient air was used as the source gas. The absorber sphere was replaced by the glass sphere. Spouted spheres flow was observed at the early stage of the starting process. With the increase of feeder inlet gas flow rate with time after starting the blower, the amount of fluidized spheres in the riser pipe first increased gradually and then decreased to the steady conveying state. The steady conveying was achieved as the feeder inlet gas flow rate was up to the maximum. A peak pressure was observed at the feeder gas inlet. The sphere blown away pressure was approximately 20 kPa higher than the steady conveying pressure. The time lasted for the pressure higher than the steady conveying pressure was about 10 s. The process for spheres blown away at the early stage of the starting process was more difficult than the steady conveying. The pressure increase and the duration characteristics should be taken into account for the blower pressure parameters design in the practical engineering application.

A previously reported female diagnosed with type A insulin resistance syndrome bearing a heterozygous missense mutation of R1174W in the insulin receptor gene was followed for 7 years since the age of 16 years.Five-hour oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were done on baseline, the 3(rd), 6(th) and 7(th) year respectively, with serum insulin and C-peptide measured at the same time points. Areas under of curve (AUC) of glucose, insulin and C-peptide were compared between the years. Acute insulin response (AIR) was determined at baseline and the 7(th) year. The dose response were insulin secretion rates at each time point during OGTT being plotted over the corresponding glucose levels, and the slopes of which quantified the insulin secretion responding to glucose.The follow up data showed that the glucose metabolism of the subject did not deteriorate over time with yearly glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) being normal (4.6% - 5.5%), and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia was a persistent phenomenon observed at 4 - 5 hours post-load. The fasting and AUCs of serum insulin and C-peptide tended to decline without simultaneously increase of those of plasma glucose. The AIR decreased by 56% as compared to baseline. The dose response curves shifted downward as years went by.It supports that with the alleviation of physiological insulin resistance after puberty, the gross hyperinsulinemia tends to ameliorate, and β-cell secretion does not deteriorate over time as glucose homeostasis maintains.

To investigate corneal refractive changes after scleral buckling surgery.In a prospective self-controlled clinical study, we investigated the changes of refractive power, astigmatic power, astigmatic axis, and irregular astigmatic power of anterior corneal surface following scleral buckling surgery for retinal detachment in 30 patients (30 eyes). The corneal shapes were detected by Orbscan II topography at 1 day before surgery, and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery. The effects of some surgical factors on the anterior corneal refractive changes were analyzed.After surgery, refractive power on corneal anterior surface decreased significantly in peripheral zone at 1 week (P0.01). Astigmatic power increased obviously in central zone. The direction of astigmatic axis matched the direction of the buckle, and changed obviously in central zone after 1 week (P0.05). Irregular astigmatic power did not change significantly. There was a significant correlation between the encircling length/the buckle width and the refractive changes of corneal anterior surface.Refractive changes of corneal anterior surface following scleral buckling surgery was mainly temporary. Changes in the shape of corneal should be minimized to ensure a favorable postoperative visual acuity.

To assess the changes of the posterior corneal surface and the factors influencing these changes after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). These factors included the preoperative refraction, preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), preoperative corneal thickness, spherical equivalent correction and one-week postoperative corneal thickness.The posterior corneal radius of curvature for the posterior best fit sphere (PBFS), irregularity of posterior surface, and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were obtained with the scanning slit topography system before and 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after LASIK in 64 eyes of 34 patients with myopic refractive errors of -2.25 to -12.5 diopters. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the factors that affecting these changes of posterior corneal surface. The difference of radius PBFS and posterior elevation difference (PED) was used as an indicator for the forward shift of posterior corneal surface.The ACD before the surgery and 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the surgery was (3.2448 +/- 0.2806), (3.2770 +/- 0.2810), (3.2579 +/- 0.2932) and (3.2651 +/- 0.2875) mm, respectively. The PBFS at that time was (6.5095 +/- 0.2177), (6.3731 +/- 0.2127), (6.4257 +/- 0.2358) and (6.4354 +/- 0.2266) mm, respectively. The posterior corneal irregularity at 5 diameters zone was 0.622 +/- 0.142, 0.978 +/- 0.244, 0.884 +/- 0.207 and 0.881 +/- 0.174, respectively The preoperative posterior corneal radius of curvature for PBFS, the irregularity of the posterior surface and the ACD were significantly different from that of postoperative data at each time point (P0.01). There was no significant difference in these indexes between 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Multiple regression analysis showed that factors relevant to the changes of posterior corneal surface were the corrected preoperative refraction (regression coefficient r = 0.0173, P = 0.005) and 1 week postoperative corneal thickness (mm) (regression coefficient r = -1.495, P = 0.001).The posterior corneal surface after LASIK become steeper and more irregular and remains stable in three months after the surgery. Eyes with thinner corneas and higher myopia requiring more ablation are more predisposed to the changes of posterior corneal surface. The results of the present study should not be used in extremely high degree myopia. A study using a larger group of patients with a longer observation period is required.

To investigate the effects of short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and to identify the influencing factors for the curative effects of CSII.138 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with fasting plasma glucose11.1 mmol/L were treated with CSII for 2 weeks. Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed before and after CSII. The target of glycemic control were fasting blood glucose6.1 mmol/L and postprandial blood glucose (PBG)8.0 mmol/L. The age, body mass index (BMI), fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, hemoglobin A(1C) (GHbA(1C)), Homa beta, Homa IR, area under the curve of insulin (AUC) during IVGTT were compared between the good glycemic control group and the inadequate glycemic control group.After 2 weeks' CSII treatment, good glycemic control was achieved in 126 patients (group A) but not in the remaining 12 patients (group B). There were no differences in age, BMI, postprandial plasma glucose, GHbA(1C), and Homa IR between the two groups before and after CSII treatment. But the fasting plasma glucose was higher and Homa B was lower in group B than in group A before CSII treatment. The DeltaAUC (AUC after CSII subtracted from that before CSII) representing the recovery of beta-cell function was much greater in group A than in group B. The insulin dose of group B was significantly higher than that of the good glycemic control group.More severe hyperglycemia and relative beta-cell function deficiency may be the main reasons responsible for not achieving good glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with short-term intensive CSII treatment.

To investigate the effects of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) gene Ala55Val variation and beta(3)-adrenergic-receptor (beta(3)-AR) gene Trp64Arg variation on type 2 diabetes and obesity, as well as the combined effects between the two variations.The peripheral blood samples of 173 type 2 diabetics, 119 obese persons, and 177 control subjects were collected. PCR-RFLP was used to detect the UCP2 gene Ala55Val variation and beta(3)-AR gene Trp64Arg variation. The haplotype and allele frequency distributions among the three groups were analyzed. The combined effect of the two gene mutations was analyzed too.(1) The frequencies of homozygote of UCP2 gene Ala55Val variation in the diabetes and obesity patients were both significantly higher than that in the control subjects (OR = 4.62, P = 0.001; OR = 3.71, P = 0.001). The Ala55Val variation carriers had higher BMI in the control subjects. (2) The gene frequency of homozygote of beta(3)-AR gene Trp64Arg variation was significantly higher in the diabetes patients than in the control subjects. The Trp64Arg variation carriers had higher fasting and 2-hour postgrandual glucose levels than the non-carriers in the control subjects. (3) When there was only UCP2 gene mutation or beta(3)-AR gene mutation, their frequencies in diabetes and obesity patients were not significantly different from that in the control subjects (both P0.05). However, the frequencies of the combined mutations of these two genes in either the diabetes patients or in the obesity patients were both significantly higher than in the control subjects (OR = 3.69, P = 0.000; OR = 2.57, P = 0.009). (4) The Val/Val + Trp/Arg carriers had the greatest relation with diabetes (OR = 10.43, P = 0.000) and obesity (OR = 8.58, P = 0.002).The homozygote of UCP2 gene Ala55Val mutation significantly enhances the risks of diabetes and obesity. The homozygote of beta(3)-AR gene Trp64Arg mutation is related with diabetes. The accumulation of the effects of two micro-genes creates obvious phenotypic effects.