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Mainstream anaerobic wastewater treatment has received increasing attention for the recovery of methane-rich biogas from biodegradable organics, but subsequent mainstream nitrogen and dissolved methane removal at low temperatures remains a critical challenge in practical applications. In this study, granular sludge coupling n-DAMO with Anammox was employed for mainstream nitrogen removal, and the dissolved methane removal potential of granular sludge at low temperatures was investigated. A stable nitrogen removal rate (0.94 kg N m-3 d-1 at 20 °C) was achieved with a high-level effluent quality (

As a promising technology, the combination of nitrate/nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) with Anammox offers a solution to achieve effective and sustainable wastewater treatment. However, this sustainable process faces challenges to accumulate sufficient biomass for reaching practical nitrogen removal performance. This study developed an innovative membrane aerated moving bed biofilm reactor (MAMBBR), which supported sufficient methane supply and excellent biofilm attachment, for cultivating biofilms coupling n-DAMO with Anammox. Biofilms were developed rapidly on the polyurethane foam with the supply of ammonium and nitrate, achieving the bioreactor performance of 275 g N m

The design, fabrication, and testing of an all-metal four-mirror telescope for high-resolution remote sensing is presented in this paper. The system works in the visible (VIS) band and is designed with a focal length of 1406 mm, an aperture of 200 mm, and a full field of view (FOV) of 1.32°. The mechanical structure is designed to realize the snap-together alignment. The primary mirror (M1) and tertiary mirror (M3) are designed as a co-substrate element to simplify the fabrication and alignment. The telescope’s weight is 3.5 kg, and the volume is just φ 230 × 220 m m 3 . Metallic mirrors are fabricated with single-point diamond turning, and post-polishing is used to correct the mirror’s surface form deviation and remove turning tool marks effectively. After polishing, the RMS value of the mirror surface form deviation of the final mirror can reach 0.02 λ at λ = 632.8 n m , and the surface roughness Ra value is about 1.83 nm. Benefiting from the all-metal mechanical design, the alignment process of the telescope is fast and accurate. The interferometric wavefront, modulation transfer function, and focal length of the telescope are measured, and the results demonstrated that it achieves the near-diffraction-limited imaging performance.

Some petroleum-based packaging materials have a series of safety issues, and as a result, people are more inclined to use biodegradable and nontoxic packaging materials for foods. However, biodegradable alternatives often need to be modified to overcome their own shortcomings. In this paper, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC) + polylactic acid (PLA) nano zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (CMCS/CMC + PLA/ZnO NPs) multilayer coated paperboard was prepared to explore its potential use in food package applications. The multilayer CMCS/CMC + PLA coating reduced the oxygen transmission rate by 99% and doubled the barrier properties for soybean oil penetration and water vapor compared with a single PLA coating layer in a 23 °C/50 RH environment. The oil resistance time of the multilayer CMCS/CMC + PLA coating also increased 28 times, and the water vapor barrier properties increased twofold compared to a single CMCS/CMC coating layer. The water vapor barrier properties increased by a factor of 3 even at 38 °C/90 RH. Compared with the CMCS/CMC + PLA coating without nanoparticles, the barrier performance of the CMCS/CMC + PLA/ZnO NPs coating was further improved. The oxygen, water vapor, and heptane vapor barrier properties all doubled, and the oil resistance time reached 235 h. While a corona treatment reduced the polar component content in the CMCS/CMC coating and led to a slight decrease in the barrier properties of the coating to heptane, it was still a good oil-repellent coating overall. The antibacterial activity (A) toward Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus exceeded 2, which meant that the multilayer coating with 1.5% added ZnO NPs reduced the growth of bacteria by more than 99%. The multilayer coated paperboard created here with the blended and modified materials significantly improved the barrier and antibacterial properties, suggesting that multilayer coatings prepared from degradable materials have good commercial prospects as fast food packaging.

This paper is concerned with the consensus problem of first-order multi-agent systems with nonlinear dynamics. To avoid the controllers are difficult to keep working continuously and the traditional sampled-data control can only reduce the update frequency of the controller, an aperiodic intermittent sampled-data control strategy is proposed. Based on the theory of algebra graph and matrix analysis, the consensus conditions of network structure, sampling width and communication width are given. The effectiveness of the consensus theory is verified by numerical simulation, and the influence of sampling width and communication width on the consensus is analyzed.

Partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) is a promising and energy-efficient process for the sustainable nitrogen removal. However, its wide applications are still limited by the long start-up period and instability of long-term operation. Quorum sensing (QS), as a way of cell-to-cell communication generally regulating various microbial behaviors, has been increasingly investigated in PNA process, because QS may substantially manipulate the metabolism of microorganisms and overcome the limitations of PNA process. This critical review provides a comprehensive analysis of QS in PNA systems, and identifies the challenges and opportunities for the optimization of PNA process based on QS. The analysis is grouped based on the configurations of PNA process, including partial nitritation, anammox and single-stage PNA systems. QS is confirmed to regulate various properties of PNA systems, including microbial activity, microbial growth rate, microbial aggregation, microbial interactions and the robustness under adverse conditions. Major challenges in the mechanisms of QS, such as QS circuits, target genes and the response to environmental inputs, are identified. Potential applications of QS, such as short-term addition of certain acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) or substances containing AHLs, transient unfavorable conditions to stimulate the secretion of AHLs, are also proposed. This review focuses on the theoretical and practical cognation for QS in PNA systems, and serves as a stepping stone for further QS-based strategies to enhance nitrogen removal through PNA process.

Porno video recognition is important for Internet content monitoring. In this paper, a novel porno video recognition method by fusing the audio and video cues is proposed. Firstly, global color and texture features and local scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) are extracted to train multiple support vector machine (SVM) classifiers for different erotic categories of image frames. And then, two continuous density hidden Markov models (CHMM) are built to recognize porno sounds. Finally, a fusion method based on Bayes rule is employed to combine the classification results by video and audio cues. The experimental results show that our model is better than six state-of-the-art methods.

To overcome the deficiencies addressed in the conventional PID control and improve the dynamic performance and robustness of the system, a simple design and parameters tuning approach of internal model control-PID (IMC-PID) controller was proposed for the first order plus time-delay (FOPTD) process and the second order plus time-delay (SOPTD) process. By approximating the time-delay term of the process model with the first-order Taylor series, the expressions for IMC-PID controller parameters were derived, and they had only one adjustable parameter λ which was directly related to the dynamic performance and robustness of the system. Moreover, an analytical approach of selecting λ was given based on the maximum sensitivity Ms. Then, the robust tuning of the system could be achieved according to the value of Ms. In addition, the proposed method could be extended to the integrator plus time-delay (IPTD) process and the first order delay integrating (FODI) process. Simulation studies were carried out on various processes with time-delay, and the results show that the proposed method could provide a better dynamic performance of both the set-point tracking and disturbance rejection and robustness against parameters perturbation.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) which is an extremely rare clinical entity has been reported infrequently. Most commonly it is distinguished into pleural and extrapleural forms, with same morphological resemblance. There has been many literatures reported regarding extrapleural form of SFT but few cases of SFT originating from small bowel mesentery have been reported till now. We here report one case of SFT of small bowel mesentery with some eventful postoperative bowel obstruction and literature review.

It is well known that sliding mode control can give good transient performance and system robustness. However, due to the sensitivity of the sliding mode control before reaching the sliding surface, the presence of chattering may introduce problems to the tracking control of the system. In this paper, a scheme of fuzzy time-varying sliding mode controller with global robustness is proposed for a class of non-linear system with uncertainties. Since the proper fuzzy logic control is applied to the time-varying sliding surface, the state of the control system always lies on the sliding surface from the beginning of any initial state and the reaching phase is avoided. As a consequence, the system is robust with respect to external disturbances and parameter uncertainties. Furthermore, the chattering phenomenon, which is inherent to a conventional sliding mode control, is avoided by proper fuzzy tuning of the controller. The effectiveness of proposed controller is demonstrated through comparative simulations for a second-order non-linear uncertain system.

To explore the characteristics of NF-KappaB activation in the progress of pancreatitis, the relationship with expression of TNF-alpha in the inflammatory reaction, and prevent the exacerbation of pancreatitis by using NAC.Forty-eight rats were divided into three groups: therapy (group C), pancreatitis (group B) and control (group A). NAC served as the inhibitor of NF-KappaB activation. In the time intervals of 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0 hour, NF-KappaB activation was detected with flow cytometry (FCM) and the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and protein with in situ hybridization (ISH) and enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. Meanwhile, the level of lipase and amylase in the serum was assayed and the pathological change was evaluated.NF-KappaB activation in the pancreatitis group was higher than that in the control group (P0.01), peaked at 3 hours, and was depressed by the inhibitor of NF-KappaB, NAC. The expression of TNF-alpha as well as the level of lipase and amylase in the serum also rose synchronously with activation of NF-KappaB. In contrast to group A, it was significantly different (P0.01) in group B. After using NAC in group C, all of these values were decreased and the inflammatory reaction in the pancreas abated evidently. The pathology changes of the pancreas were shown to be alleviated in group C.First, NF-KappaB activity is intensively initiated in the course of pancreatitis and shown to have closely relationship with the release of cytokines. Second, use of NAC markedly depressed NF-KappaB activation. TNF-alpha expression is down regulated by cytokines. It is suggested that NAC probably acts as a useful agent for treatment of pancreatitis by indirectly inhibiting activation of NF-KappaB.

Hbase combine Hive application platform can analysis of huge amounts of data easi- ly. And querying on multi-join is the bottleneck of restricting the performance. To solve this prob- lem designing a Join Engine between Hbase and Hive. It can read Hbase data and complete multiple table joins and optimization in advance to queries. Using the Join Engine can reduce the time of mapreduce process to data sort and shuffle, effectively improve the efficiency of Hbase combine Hive queries. The experimental results show that the solution with Join Engine can obviously short- en the query time in multi-table join, support the Hbase quasi real-time application.

The problem of reliable control is investigated for uncertain continuous singular systems with randomly occurring time-varying delay and actuator faults in this work. The delay occurs in a random way, and such randomly occurring delay obeys certain mutually uncorrelated Bernoulli distributed white noise sequences. The uncertainties under consideration are norm-bounded, and may vary with time. Then, with the constructed Lyapunov function, a sufficient condition is given to ensure the unforced system is mean-square exponentially stable and the corresponding controller can be derived from such condition, and the actuator faults problem is guaranteed. A numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the methods.

Inflow performance relationship (IPR) is the foundation of optimal designing for operation parameters of oil wells. A prediction method is proposed for evaluating the inflow performance relationship of fractured wells in extra-low permeability-deformed media oil reservoirs. Specifically, an elliptic flow mathematical model is constructed in the situation that the well inflow performance of fractured well are divided into two parts in which the seepage flow from oil layer goes to the fracture and seepage flow from fracture heads to bottom-hole. Additionally, the changes of the permeability and fluid viscosity with pressure are taken into account. The feasibility of the above method is shown by an application example.

A control method performed by a fuzzy logic set-point weight IMC-PID controller has been presented. The set-point weight of the proportional part acted on the IMC-PID controller can be modified online by intelligent method, and the parameter of IMC-PID controller can be manual adjusted. The method not only can improve the short-coming of the conventional IMC-PID controller, but also it has simple control scheme and easy adjustment of control parameters. Simulation results on the FOPTD/SOPTD transfer function model and higher-order transfer function model show that the overshoot is significantly reduced and robustness level is increased by employing fuzzy set-point weighting parameters in the IMC-PID controller.

Binding of polycationic substrates and inhibitors to pepsin is a stepwise process. Fast nonspecific association, governed by long range electrostatic forces, is followed by slow surface diffusion into the active site.

A general treatment is presented for modelling the dynamics of a flexible multibody system, using a lumped mass finite element approach. The system topology considered here is defined as an arbitrary combination of both rigid and flexible bodies, connected together by joints that permet translation and compliance, in a general tree configuration. Kane's theory of generalized speeds is used to derive the equations of motion

The Extraction of video keyframe is convenient for browsing and retrieving of video content. However, since the "keyframe" is a subjective concept which involves in vision and psychology, it is difficult to be described by low-level features of video. In this paper, we propose a method of keyframe extraction based on visual attention and affective models. To be concrete, film elements such as character, lighting and camera motion, crucial to human attention, are fused into a visual attention model, and the film is segmented into scenes according to a short-time memory model. The "scene importance" is then computed by using the affective arousal which determines audience's excitability in the 2D emotion space. Finally, according to the attention model and the scene importance, scene keyframes are extracted. Experimental results indicate that keyframes extracted by our approach are coincident with human perception, and would be in favor of further semantic analysis.