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Difficulties in parsing the multiaspect heterogeneity of schizophrenia (SCZ) based on current nosology highlight the need to subtype SCZ using objective biomarkers. Here, utilizing a large-scale multisite SCZ dataset, we identified and validated 2 neuroanatomical subtypes with individual-level abnormal patterns of the tensor-based morphometric measurement. Remarkably, compared with subtype 1, which showed moderate deficits of some subcortical nuclei and an enlarged striatum and cerebellum, subtype 2, which showed cerebellar atrophy and more severe subcortical nuclei atrophy, had a higher subscale score of negative symptoms, which is considered to be a core aspect of SCZ and is associated with functional outcome. Moreover, with the neuroimaging–clinic association analysis, we explored the detailed relationship between the heterogeneity of clinical symptoms and the heterogeneous abnormal neuroanatomical patterns with respect to the 2 subtypes. And the neuroimaging–transcription association analysis highlighted several potential heterogeneous biological factors that may underlie the subtypes. Our work provided an effective framework for investigating the heterogeneity of SCZ from multilevel aspects and may provide new insights for precision psychiatry.

The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is a crucial experimental animal that shares many genetic, brain organizational, and behavioral characteristics with humans. A macaque brain atlas that identifies anatomically and functionally distinct regions is fundamental to biomedical and evolutionary research. However, even though connectivity information is vital for understanding brain functions, a connectivity-based whole-brain atlas of the macaque has not previously been made. In this study, we created a new whole-brain map, the Macaque Brainnetome Atlas, based on the anatomical connectivity profile provided by high-resolution angular and spatial diffusion MRI data. The new atlas consists of 248 cortical and 56 subcortical regions as well as their structural and resting-state functional connections. We systematically evaluated the parcellations and connections using multi-site and multi-modal datasets to ensure reproducibility and reliability. The resulting resource, which is downloadable fromhttp://atlas.brainnetome.org, includes (1) the thoroughly delineated Macaque Brainnetome Atlas (MacBNA), (2) the multi-modal connections, (3) the largest postmortem high resolution macaque dMRI dataset, and (4) ex vivo MRI, block-face, and Nissl-stained images obtained from a different macaque. We provide an exemplar use of the resource with a joint multi-modal and multi-scale utilization of MRI and Nissl data with our atlas as a reference system. The goals of the resource are not only to provide a backbone of the mesoscopic connectivity and a multi-omics (such as transcriptomes and proteomes) atlas but also to facilitate translational medicine, cross-species comparisons, and computational modelling, enriching the collaborative resource platform of nonhuman primate data.

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is important for hydrogen generation. Due to the scarcity and high cost of noble metal-based electrocatalysts, it is eager to develop non-precious metal electrocatalysts. In this work, atomic cobalt decorated on N-doped three-dimensional graphene (Co SA/3D-NG) electrocatalyst has been synthesized. Due to the hierarchical porous structure of three-dimensional graphene by coupling effects between Co and N, the Co SA/3D-NG electrocatalyst exhibits an enhanced HER activity. The potential is -180 mV at -10 mA cm−2 and the Tafel slope is 102.53 mV dec−1. It also presents highly electro-catalytic stability in acidic electrolytes. The work reveals a facile pathway to synthesizing efficient HER electrocatalysts.

NiO nanocrystals (NCs) thin film is applied as an electron barrier layer (EBL) for red quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) to decrease the leakage current and balance the carrier transportation. The optimized NiO-based QLED exhibits the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.85%, current efficiency (CE) of 6.9 cd A−1, with a maximum luminance of 31772 cd m−2, demonstrating that NiO is an effective EBL for QLEDs. The electron barrier height of 0.031 eV can effectively block 70% electron transport thanks to form the electron trap, grain boundary and depletion layer. The mechanism of the electron transport through NiO EBL is quantum tunneling, which is consistent to Richardson Schottky thermal injection model.

Nickel-phosphorus semimetallic compounds with an open-framework structure have attracted increasing interests as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. In this work, ultrafine Ni–P@Ni nanotubes (NTs) with a novel three-dimensional network are synthesized by using a one-pot hydrothermal method under different temperatures to form the electrode material for hybrid supercapacitors. The energy storage performances of the Ni–P@Ni NTs electrodes are systematically investigated, and the results demonstrate that the Ni–P@Ni NTs possess a superior specific capacity of 771.8 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 in a three-electrode cell. Remarkably, a specific capacity of 350.2 C g−1 can still be maintained when the current density increases up to 30 A g−1. The energy storage performance of the as-prepared Ni–P nanowires (NWs) and Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6@Ni nanoparticles (NPs) also are evaluated for comparison. Furthermore, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) is assembled with the Ni–P@Ni NTs as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The as-assembled HSCs show a high energy density of 58.7 Wh kg−1 at a relatively high-power density of 945 W kg−1, outweighing most of the hybrid supercapacitors reported in the literature. Furthermore, such a hybrid supercapacitor displays an excellent cycling stability (91.2% after 6000 cycles at 5 A g−1) under a voltage of 1.6 V.

The flow field characteristics of 2-D flap style rudders with and without gap are analyzed through 4 models. To explore the influence of different filling styles, one flap rudder with gap and three flap rudders without gap are simulated from 0 to 30 degrees angle of attack with k-omega SST turbulence model. Validation is done by comparing the results with EFD data from reference and the mesh independence verification is also made. Then lift and drag coefficients are compared among four models. Pressure, velocity distributions are given to explain the difference on hydrodynamic characteristics among them. Unsteady computation method is used to investigate the fluctuation characteristics of drag coefficients at large angle of attack. Stream lines are shown to better understand the vortex system on the suction surface.

The microstructure and electrochemical hydrogen storage characteristics of La 0.7 Mg 0.3− x Ca x Ni 2.8 Co 0.5 ( x = 0, 0.05 and 0.10) alloys prepared by arc-melting and subsequent powder sintering method are investigated. The electrochemical measurement results show that the cycle stability after 100 charge/discharge cycles first increases from 46.4% ( x = 0) to 54.3% ( x = 0.05), then decreases to 43.2% ( x = 0.10), and the high rate dischargeability increases from 64.5% ( x = 0) to 68.5% ( x = 0.10) at the discharge current density of 1200 mA/g. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis indicates that the electrochemical kinetics of the alloy electrodes is improved by increasing Ca. The entire results exhibit that a suitable content of Ca ( x = 0.05) can improve the overall electrochemical hydrogen storage characteristics of the alloys.

The microstructure and electrochemical hydrogen storage characteristics of La0.67Mg0.33−xCaxNi2.75Co0.25 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) alloys are investigated. The results show that all alloys mainly consist of (La, Mg)Ni3 and LaNi5 phases, besides a small amount of (La, Mg)2Ni7 phase. The cycle stability (S80) after 80 charge/discharge cycles of all alloy electrodes first increases from 60.1% (x = 0) to 64.2% (x = 0.05), then decreases to 45.9% (x = 0.15). The high rate dischargeability of all alloy electrodes first increases from 52.6% (x = 0) to 61.4% (x = 0.10), then decreases to 57.2% (x = 0.15). Moreover, the charge-transfer resistance (Rct) first decreases from 168.2 mΩ (x = 0) to 125.7 mΩ (x = 0.10), then increases to 136.6 mΩ (x = 0.15). All the results indicate that the substitution of Mg with a certain amount of Ca can improve the overall electrochemical characteristics.

The crystal structure and electrochemical properties of the La(2)MgMn(0.3)Ni(8.7-x)(Co(0.5)Al(0.5))(x) (x = 0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0, at%) hydrogen storage alloys are investigated systematically. The results show that all the alloys consist of (La, Mg)Ni(3) and LaNi(5) phases, the cyclic stability S(60) increases from 61.2% (x = 0) to 78.7% (x = 3.0) after 60 charge/discharge cycles, and the peak high rate dischargeability (HRD) at the discharge current density of 1200 mA/g appears at the alloy of x = 2.0 with the value of 68.3%. Moreover, the electrochemical kinetic properties of the alloys are also improved at different extent with increasing x. All the results indicate that the substitution of Co and Al for Ni in AB(3)-type hydrogen storage alloys is effective to improving the overall electrochemical properties, and the optimum content is x = 2.0. (C) 2010 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

(la1-xtix.)(0.67)mg0.33ni2.75co0.25 (x = 0, 0-05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20, at%) alloys are synthesized by arc-melting and subsequent heat solid-liquid diffusing techniques, and the crystalline structures and electrochemical properties of the alloys are investigated systematically. the structural analysis results show that all the alloys mainly consist of (la, mg)ni-3 phase with the rhombohedral puni3-type structure and lani5 phase with the hexagonal cacu5-type structure. however, when the ti content is higher than 0.10, a little amount of tini3 phase start to form. electrochemical measurements show that the alloy electrodes could be activated to their maximum discharge capacity within four cycles, the maximum discharge capacity is around 321.9-384.6 mah g(-1), both the cyclic stability and the high-rate discharge ability first increased and then decrease with increasing x. all the results show that a little amount of ti substitution for la in ab(3)-type hydrogen storage alloys is effective to the improvement of the overall electrochemical properties. (c) 2010 elsevier ltd. all rights reserved.

(La0.67Mg0.33)1−x Ti x Ni2.75Co0.25 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20, at%) alloys were synthesized by arc melting and subsequent heat solid-liquid diffusing method. The structure, electrochemical properties and kinetic characteristics of the alloys were investigated systematically. The results showed that all the alloys mainly consisted of the (La, Mg)Ni3, LaNi5 phases, and the lattice parameters and the cell volumes of the (La, Mg)Ni3 and LaNi5 phases decreased with increasing Ti content. The alloy electrodes could be activated to reach their maximum discharge capacity within five cycles. The cycle life after 100 charge/discharge cycles (C 100/C max) and the high-rate dischargeability at a discharge current density of 1200 mA/g first increased and then decreased. All the results showed that low-Ti content in AB3-type hydrogen storage alloys was beneficial to improvements of the overall electrochemical properties, and the optimum overall electrochemical performance of the alloy electrodes was obtained when x = 0.05.

The effects of additives on hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (AvicelPH101) were examined using commercial cellulose-degrading enzymes (Celluclast 1.5 L and Novozyme 188). Polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG4000) was the most effective additive tested. When PEG4000 was added at 0.05 g/g glucan, the conversion of Avicel PH101 increased 91% (from 41.1% to 78.9%). The cellulase activity of Celluclast 1.5 L increased 27.5% with PEG4000 addition. A positive effect on enzyme stabilities of Celluclast 1.5 L and Novozyme 188 also occurred with PEG4000 addition. During hydrolysis process, significant changes in free protein concentration and cellulase activity were observed on Avicel PH101. More than 90% of the original enzyme activity remained in the solution after 48 h hydrolysis. Thus, PEG4000 addition is an efficient method to enhance digestibility of cellulosic materials and make enzyme recovery possible and valuable. This provides an opportunity of decreasing the operational cost of the hydrolysis process.