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Abstract A precise characterization of moisture source and transport dynamics over the inland margins of monsoonal China is crucial for understanding the climatic significance of precipitation oxygen isotope (δ18Op) variability preserved in the regional proxy archives. Here, we use a general circulation model with an embedded water-tagging module to quantify the role of moisture dynamics on the seasonal to decadal variations of δ18Op in northern China. Our data indicate that during the non-monsoon season, the δ18Op variability is dominated by the temperature effect. Conversely, in the summer monsoon season, the moisture contributions from the low-latitude land areas (LLA), the Pacific Ocean (PO), and the North Indian Ocean (NIO) override the temperature effect and influence the summer δ18Op. Intensified upstream convection along the NIO moisture transport pathway results in a more negative summer δ18Op compared to moisture transported from the PO and LLA regions. Our analysis shows a decadal shift in summer δ18Op around the mid-1980s, marking changes in the relative contribution of oceanic moisture from PO and NIO in response to changes in the atmospheric circulation patterns influenced by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. We suggest that such decadal-scale δ18Op variability can be recorded in the natural archives from the region, which can provide valuable insights into understanding past climate variability.

Dyslipidemia has long been implicated in elevating mortality risk; yet, the precise associations between lipid traits and mortality remained undisclosed. Our study aimed to explore the causal effects of lipid traits on both all-cause and cause-specific mortality. One-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) with linear and nonlinear assumptions was conducted in a cohort of 407,951 European participants from the UK Biobank. Six lipid traits, consisting of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and lipoprotein(a), were included to investigate the causal associations with mortality. Two-sample MR was performed to replicate the association between each lipid trait and all-cause mortality. Univariable MR results showed that genetically predicted higher ApoA1 was significantly associated with a decreased all-cause mortality risk (HR[95% CI]:0.93 [0.89–0.97], P value = 0.001), which was validated by the two-sample MR analysis. Higher lipoprotein(a) was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (1.03 [1.01–1.04], P value = 0.002). Multivariable MR confirmed the direct causal effects of ApoA1 and lipoprotein(a) on all-cause mortality. Meanwhile, nonlinear MR found no evidence for nonlinearity between lipids and all-cause mortality. Our examination into cause-specific mortality revealed a suggestive inverse association between ApoA1 and cancer mortality, a significant positive association between lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease mortality, and a suggestive positive association between lipoprotein(a) and digestive disease mortality. High LDL-C was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality but a decreased risk of neurodegenerative disease mortality. The findings suggest that implementing interventions to raise ApoA1 and decrease lipoprotein(a) levels may improve overall health outcomes and mitigate cancer and digestive disease mortality.

Abstract Observational studies suggest certain sleep traits are associated with telomere length, but the causal nature of these associations is unclear. The study aimed to determine the causal associations between 11 sleep-related traits and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) through two-sample Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses using the summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies. Univariable Mendelian randomization indicates that genetically determined short sleep is associated with decreased LTL, while morning chronotype is associated with increased LTL. Multivariable Mendelian randomization further supports the findings and colocalization analysis identifies shared common genetic variants for these two associations. No genetic evidence is observed for associations between other sleep-related traits and LTL. Sensitivity MR methods, reverse MR and re-running MR after removing potential pleiotropic genetic variants enhance the robustness of the results. These findings indicate that prioritizing morning chronotype and avoiding short sleep is beneficial for attenuating telomere attrition. Consequently, addressing sleep duration and chronotype could serve as practical intervention strategies.

Abstract Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a severely debilitating and fatal B-cell neoplastic disease. The discovery of disease-associated proteins with causal genetic evidence offers a chance to uncover novel therapeutic targets. Methods First, we comprehensively investigated the causal association between 2994 proteins and MM through two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using summary-level data from public genome-wide association studies of plasma proteome (N = 3301 healthy individuals) and MM (598 cases and 180,756 controls). Sensitivity analyses were performed for these identified causal proteins. Furthermore, we pursued the exploration of enriched biological pathways, prioritized the therapeutic proteins, and evaluated their druggability using the KEGG pathway analysis, MR-Bayesian model averaging analysis, and cross-reference with current databases, respectively. Results We identified 13 proteins causally associated with MM risk (false discovery rate corrected P

Vegetation growth is sensitive to climate change. The complex climate types of China pose great challenges to the sustainable management of vegetation on global change. Therefore, this study used Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) as an indicator to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation and their driving factors in different climatic zones of China to provide theoretical support for sustainable vegetation management in different climate zones in the future. The results showed that vegetation exhibited considerable clustering patterns in the country, with high and low values concentrated in the eastern and western regions, respectively. From 2001 to 2020, both at regional and pixel scales, vegetation in China showed a significant greening trend. EVI displayed a noticeable increase within temperate and subtropical areas. The only exception is observed in the eastern coastal area of the North China Plain and Yangtze River Delta region, which experienced evident degradation trend. During this period, China's climate showed an overall trend towards warming and humidification with drying trends observed mainly over the western regions. The impact of climate changes resulted in EVI dynamics that vary over time and space. The vegetation change in China was mainly derived by changes in precipitation and radiation rather than temperature, especially in temperate and subfrigid regions. Precipitation was the main driving factor for vegetation greening in tropical and temperate regions, while radiation and temperature were the dominant climate factor for vegetation greening in subfrigid and subtropical regions, respectively. When precipitation was no longer a limiting factor for vegetation growth, the effect of temperature or radiation increases. In addition, the positive impact of precipitation on plant growth in temperate regions was much greater than that of radiation and temperature, and this difference was much greater than in tropical, subtropical, and subfrigid regions.

Abstract Objective We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to disentangle causal associations between women's reproductive behaviors and ischemic stroke (IS) and investigate the roles of two modifiable risk factors (body mass index (BMI) and educational attainment (EA)) in these associations. Methods Using summary‐level data from large‐scale genome‐wide association studies, we performed univariable MR to examine whether there is genetic evidence that women's reproductive traits are causally associated with IS and its subtypes. Multivariable MR and MR mediation analysis were used to investigate whether BMI and EA are common mechanisms or mediators for these associations. A set of sensitivity analyses were conducted to test valid MR assumptions. Results We observed consistent and statistically significant associations across female and sex‐combined analyses for earlier age at first birth (AFB) and age at first sexual intercourse (AFS) with a higher risk of IS and large‐artery atherosclerotic stroke (LAS) risk in the primary analysis. The odds ratios of IS per 1 SD increase in genetically predicted early AFB and AFS were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.86–0.99; p = 0.046) and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.70–0.97, p = 0.020), respectively. Further analyses indicated that BMI played a shared role in AFS and IS/LAS while EA played a shared role in AFS/AFB and IS/LAS as well as a mediator in the path from AFS to IS/LAS. Interpretation These findings may inform prevention strategies and interventions directed toward relative women's reproductive behaviors and IS. Future studies are warranted to explore other factors related to EA which are responsible for these causalities.

Evapotranspiration (E), a pivotal phenomenon inherent to hydrological and thermal dynamics, assumes a position of utmost importance within the intricate framework of the water–energy nexus. However, the quantitative study of E on a large scale for the “Grain for Green” projects under the backdrop of climate change is still lacking. Consequently, this study examined the interannual variations and spatial distribution patterns of E, transpiration (Et), and soil evaporation (Eb) in the Northern Foot of Yinshan Mountain (NFYM) between 2000 and 2020 and quantified the contributions of climate change and vegetation greening to the changes in E, Et, and Eb. Results showed that E (2.47 mm/a, p < 0.01), Et (1.30 mm/a, p < 0.01), and Eb (1.06 mm/a, p < 0.01) all exhibited a significant increasing trend during 2000–2020. Notably, vegetation greening emerged as the predominant impetus underpinning the augmentation of both E and Eb, augmenting their rates by 0.49 mm/a and 0.57 mm/a, respectively. In terms of Et, meteorological factors emerged as the primary catalysts, with temperature (Temp) assuming a predominant role by augmenting Et at a rate of 0.35 mm/a. Temp, Precipitation (Pre), and leaf area index (LAI) collectively dominated the proportional distribution of E, accounting for shares of 32.75%, 28.43%, and 25.01%, respectively. Within the spectrum of predominant drivers influencing Et, Temp exerted the most substantial influence, commanding the largest proportion at 33.83%. For Eb, the preeminent determinants were recognized as LAI and Temp, collectively constituting a substantial portion of the study area, accounting for 32.10% and 29.50%, respectively. The LAI exerted a pronounced direct influence on the Et, with no significant effects on E and bare Eb. Wind speed (WS) had a substantial direct impact on both E and Et. Pre exhibited a strong direct influence on E, Et, and Eb. Relative humidity (RH) significantly affected E directly. Temp primarily influenced Eb indirectly through radiation (Rad). Rad exerted a significant direct inhibitory effect on Eb. These findings significantly advanced our mechanistic understanding of how E and its components in the NFYM respond to climate change and vegetation greening, thus providing a robust basis for formulating strategies related to regional ecological conservation and water resources management, as well as supplying theoretical underpinnings for constructing sustainable vegetation restoration strategies involving water resources in the region.

Abstract The northern fringe area of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) between arid and semiarid regions is a fragile eco-environment zone and ecological transition zone, and it is highly sensitive to climate change. Predicting the future migration of the northern boundary of the EASM is important for understanding future East Asian climate change and formulating of decisions on ecological protection and economic development in arid and semiarid regions. The reanalysis dataset and simulations of 23 models from the Coupled Models Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) were used to investigate the response of the boundary of the ESAM to the global warming. The multi-model ensemble showed a northwestward migration of the EASM northern boundary during the near-term (2020–2060) and late-term (2061–2099) of the twenty-first century under various Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The northern boundary migrated northwestward by 23–28 and 74–76 km in the near-term and late-term respectively, under SSP1-2.6, 2-4.5 and 3-7.0 and by ~ 44 km and ~ 107 km respectively during the near-term and late-term under SSP5-8.5. During the twenty-first century, under various SSPs, the surface of the East Asian subcontinent warmed more than the ocean, thereby increasing the contrast of near-surface temperature and sea level pressure in summer between the East Asian subcontinent and the surrounding oceans. In turn, the intensified land–sea thermal contrast reinforced the EASM meridional circulation and thus transported more moisture from the Indian Ocean into northern China. Additionally, a poleward migration and weakening of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet would also favor an increase in precipitation, eventually caused a northwestward migration of the EASM northern boundary. The results suggest that the arid and semiarid ecotone will become wetter, which could dramatically improve the eco-environment in the future.

BackgroundObservational studies have suggested that women's reproductive factors (age at menarche (AAM), age at first birth (AFB), age at first sexual intercourse (AFS), age at natural menopause (ANM), and pregnancy loss) may influence the risk of cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD) although the causality remains unclear.MethodsWe conducted two-sample univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) to simultaneously investigate the causal relationships between five women's reproductive traits and CSVD clinical [intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) by location or small-vessel ischemic stroke (SVS)] and subclinical measures [white matter hyperintensities (WMH), fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD)], utilizing data from large-scale genome-wide association studies of European ancestry. For both UVMR and MVMR, the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) estimates were reported as the main results. The MR-Egger, weighted median, generalized summary-data-based MR (GSMR), and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) methods for UVMR and MVMR-Egger, and the MVMR-robust methods for MVMR were used as sensitivity analyses. Sex-combined instruments for AFS and AFB were used to assess the impact of sex instrumental heterogeneity. Positive control analysis was implemented to measure the efficacy of selected genetic instruments.ResultsWe found no evidence to support causal associations between genetic liability for women's reproductive factors and the risk of CSVD in UVMR (all P-values > 0.05). Using MVMR, the results were consistent with the findings of UVMR after accounting for body mass index and educational attainment (all P-values > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses also provided consistent results. The putative positive causality was observed between AAM, ANM, and ovarian cancer, ensuring the efficacy of selected genetic instruments.ConclusionOur findings do not convincingly support a causal effect of women's reproductive factors on CSVD. Future studies are warranted to investigate specific estrogen-related physiological changes in women, which may inform current researchers on the causal mechanisms involved in cerebral small-vessel disease progression.

In this study, the optimal forming parameters for printing flexible circuits using aerosol jet printing technology are explored through numerical simulation and experiments. The printhead during the deposition process is numerically simulated. By employing the controlled variable method, the process parameters such as gas flow rate, working distance, nozzle diameter, and printing speed are selected to investigate their effects on the morphology of the printed lines. Accordingly, single-factor experiments are designed to validate the printing of flexible circuits on both planar and curved substrates. Laser micro-sintering is utilized to improve the conductivity of the printed lines and ultimately fabricate flexible strain sensors. Under the sheath gas flow rate of 400 sccm, carrier gas flow rate of 100 sccm, working distance of 3 mm, nozzle diameter of 500 μm, and printing speed of 10 mm/s, the optimal morphology of the printed lines is achieved with low linewidth characteristics. The variations in the focal ratio, working distance, nozzle diameter, and printing speed significantly affect the minimum feature line width and morphology of the printed lines.

BackgroundIncreasing evidence shows that systemic inflammation is an embedded mechanism of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). However, the specific systemic inflammatory factors involved in this process remained obscure. The study aimed to identify the upstream and downstream systemic regulators of PDR by using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.MethodsWe performed a bidirectional two-sample MR analysis implementing the results from genome-wide association studies for 41 serum cytokines from 8,293 Finnish individuals, and PDR from FinnGen consortium (2,025 cases vs. 284,826 controls) and eight cohorts of European ancestry (398 cases vs. 2,848 controls), respectively. The inverse-variance-weighted method was adopted as the main MR method, and four additional MR methods (MR-Egger, weighted-median, MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), and MR-Steiger filtering methods) were used for the sensitivity analyses. Results from FinnGen and eight cohorts were pooled into a meta-analysis.ResultsOur results showed that genetically predicted higher stem cell growth factor-β (SCGFb) and interleukin-8 were positively associated with an elevated risk of PDR, with a combined effect of one standard deviation (SD) increase in SCGFb and interleukin-8 causing 11.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6%, 24.2%]) and 21.4% [95% CI: 3.8%, 41.9%]) higher risk of PDR, respectively. In contrast, genetically predisposition to PDR showed a positive association with the increased levels of growth-regulated oncogene-α (GROa), stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF1a), monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), interleukin-12p70, and interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha (IL-2ra).ConclusionsOur MR study identified two upstream regulators and six downstream effectors of PDR, providing opportunities for new therapeutic exploitation of PDR onset. Nonetheless, these nominal associations of systemic inflammatory regulators and PDR require validation in larger cohorts.

BackgroundObservational studies have suggested a potential non-linear association between sleep duration and hyperuricemia. However, the causal nature and sex-specific differences are poorly understood. We aimed to determine the shape of sex-specific causal associations between sleep duration and hyperuricemia in the UK Biobank.MethodsLogistic regression was used to investigate the observational association between self-reported sleep duration and hyperuricemia among 387,980 white British participants (mean age: 56.9 years and 46.0% males). Linear and non-linear Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses were performed to assess the causal association between continuous sleep duration and hyperuricemia. The causal effects of genetically predicted short (8 h) sleep durations on hyperuricemia were further estimated, respectively.ResultsTraditional observational analysis suggested U- and J-shaped associations between sleep duration and hyperuricemia in females and males, respectively. Linear MR did not support the causal effect of sleep duration on hyperuricemia. Non-linear MR demonstrated an approximately U-shaped causal association between continuous sleep duration and hyperuricemia in overall participants and females, but not in males. Genetically predicted short sleep duration was significantly associated with hyperuricemia in females (OR [95% CI]: 1.21 [1.08–1.36]; P = 0.001), but not in males (1.08 [0.98–1.18]; P = 0.137). By contrast, genetically predicted long sleep duration was not significantly associated with the risk of hyperuricemia in either females or males.ConclusionGenetically predicted short sleep duration is a potential causal risk factor for hyperuricemia for females but has little effect on males. Long sleep duration does not appear to be causally associated with hyperuricemia.

Abstract In this study we presented a composite standard chronology, spanning 1635–2018 to reconstruct May–July moisture variation in north central China. Our reconstruction revealed four severe dry epochs and five pronounced wet epochs. Additionally, spatial correlation analysis of our reconstruction with the actual self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index showed that our reconstruction was representative of large-scale May–July moisture changes. Both the severe dry and pronounced wet epochs showed one-to-one correspondence with other reconstructions nearby during their common periods, which demonstrated the reliability of our reconstruction backwards in time. Spectral analysis showed that significant spectral peaks were found at 2.1–3.8 years, which fell within the overall bandwidth of the El Niño-Southern Oscillations (ENSO). The spatial correlation patterns between our reconstruction and sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial eastern Pacific further confirmed the link between regional moisture and ENSO, with warm-phase ENSO resulting in low moisture and vice-versa. However, this link was time-dependent during the past four centuries, and was modulated by different phases of SST in the tropical Indian Ocean. Additionally, significant peaks at 24.9–46.5 years and spatial correlation patterns indicated that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation may be the possible forcing factors of regional moisture at lower frequencies.

Abstract With great interest, we have read the recent article “Age at menarche, age at natural menopause, and risk of rheumatoid arthritis — a Mendelian randomization study” by Zhu et al. While we have a great appreciation for the work conducted by the authors, there are some methodological issues that need to be reconsidered. First, the gender description of the sample for age at first birth in this study is wrong according to the original genome-wide association study. Second, the study exploited sex-specific SNPs for age at menarche (AAM) and age at natural menopause (ANM) but sex-combined effects of the SNPs on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that possibly lead no evidence for the causation of AAM and ANM on RA. We suggested the author add the possible biases due to the issue in the limitations. With problems mentioned above, we recommend solutions to make this article more perfect.

According to the theory of a complex network, the overall characteristics are derived from complex interactions among its components, that is, network structure. For its service network, its overall characteristics are its functions. In view of the coordinated linkage between the 3D printing industry and the logistics industry, 3D printing is deeply integrated with Internet technology, digital casting technology and Internet + service platforms. We propose a hyper-network model of raw material suppliers, semi-finished product processors and finished product manufacturers that realize on-demand customization. To analyse, design, and build the cloud 3D printing manufacturing capability service competition network, we propose a 3D printing service node structure model based on a super network using a reference and cloud manufacturing service model. The model's mathematical structure is given in detail. Under this condition, it is necessary to discuss the interaction between the logistics service level, productivity level and product processing quantity. The process of the proposed model and method is given, and the validity is proven with a case study of a Cloud 3D printing service hyper-network in service-oriented manufacturing systems.

An accurate quantification in the separation of the relative contributions of climate change and human activities on grassland dynamics is crucial for controlling grassland degradation. Here, we investigated grassland dynamics in China by using net primary productivity (NPP) as an evaluation indicator from 1982 to 2016. We calculated the human-induced grassland NPP (HNPP) by subtracting the potential NPP (PNPP) from the actual NPP (ANPP) to distinguish the climatic and anthropogenic effects on grassland NPP changes across different time scales. Results indicated that the change in grassland ANPP resulted from different dominated factors in the two periods of 1982–1999 and 2000–2016. An obvious increase of grassland ANPP was observed from 1982 to 1999, which mainly due to a slight increasing trend in grassland PNPP driven by a humid-warm climate and a slight decrease in grassland HNPP from weak human activities. An overall increase in ANPP (69.576%) over its decrease portion (30.424%) was observed from 1982 to 1999. Human activities-induced ANPP increase mainly occurred in Shaanxi, Qinghai and Gansu Provinces and Tibet Autonomous Region for the grassland types of Alpine subalpine meadow, Meadow and Slope grassland. Climate-dominated decrease mainly occurred in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Heilongjiang, especially for Plain and Slope grassland. However, an overall decreasing trend of grassland ANPP was observed from 2000 to 2016, mainly attributed to a decreasing trend in grassland HNPP by human intervention and a warm-dry climate-induced negative effect on grassland growth. Overall, the grassland underwent a decrease than increase in ANPP (58.826% vs 41.174%) during 2000–2016; the contributions of climate factors to grassland ANPP increase was relatively greater than that of human factors in Xinjiang, Qinghai and Inner Mongolia. Human activities-dominated ANPP decrease occupied 23.913%, obviously higher than the decrease dominated by climate change (9.248%), which mainly occurred in Alpine subalpine meadow, Desert grassland and Alpine subalpine grassland. Overall, these findings seem to demonstrate that there are great differences in the temporal and spatial effects of climate change and human activities on different regions and different grassland types in China before and after 1999, and contribute to providing location guidance for future grassland restoration. Meanwhile, this study is expected to improve the understanding of the driving mechanisms of grassland dynamics, and provide support for scientifically evaluating and adjusting ecological restoration policies in China.

BackgroundIncreased uric acid (UA) levels have been reported to be associated with poor clinical outcomes in several conditions. However, the prognostic value of UA in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) is yet unknown.MethodsA total of 1,117 patients with IE were included and divided into two groups according to the current definition of hyperuricemia (UA>420 μmol/L in men and >360 μmol/L in women): hyperuricemia group (n=336) and normouricemia group (n=781). The association between the UA level and short-term outcomes were examined.ResultsThe in-hospital mortality was 6.2% (69/1117). Patients with hyperuricemia carried a higher risk of in-hospital death (9.8% vs. 4.6%, p=0.001). Hyperuricemia was not an independent risk factor for in-hospital death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-4.02, p=0.084). A U-shaped relationship was found between the UA level and in-hospital death (p400 and 400 μmol/L (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=3.54, 95%CI: 1.77-7.07, p

Drought is the most widespread event under climate change and is projected to lead to high uncertainties in quantifying the terrestrial carbon exchange. However, considering the complexity of drought quantification and the differences in the physiological responses to drought among different vegetation types, the potential mechanisms of vegetation in response to drought across different climate regions and their responses to drought at varying time scales remain unclear globally. Here, we analyzed the response of vegetation activity to drought at different time scales and determined the time scale dominating the drought-induced vegetation variations, then explored its potential driving factors (temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and water balance) under different climatic conditions and vegetation types from 2000 to 2015 using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Net Primary Productivity (NPP). Our results indicated that the NPP-SPEI correlation was stronger under arid and semi-arid conditions compared to that in humid and sub-humid zones globally. Vegetation mainly responded to the drought from short to medium time scales and the shortest response time scale was observed for deciduous needle-leaf forests and closed shrublands, which mainly located in semi-arid regions of southeastern Australia, central Africa, and southern Russia. Moreover, grassland and cropland ecosystems were found to be also highly vulnerable to drought across the globe. Analysis of the effects of various meteorological factors on NPP-SPEI correlation and drought timescales showed that water balance was the most predominant factor affecting the response of vegetation to drought. In particular, the increase in water balance significantly reduced the response intensity of vegetation to drought and prolonged the response timescales. Analysis of the effects of various meteorological factors on NPP-SPEI correlation and drought time-scales showed that water balance was the most predominant factor affecting the response of vegetation to drought. In particular, the increase in water balance significantly reduces the response intensity of vegetation to drought and prolongs the response time-scales. Therefore, the identification of the dominant timescales at which drought mostly impact land biomes is projected to assist assessing the stability of terrestrial ecosystem and thus support drought mitigation to reduce land degradation.

Screening of fine wet particles or near-aperture particles by traditional screen devices is often not quite effective for sieve plugging. Different from traditional rigid regular mesh sieves, a cantilevered vibrating sieve (CVS) with open screen holes, composed of cantilevered sieve rods, was proposed in this paper. The CVS proved to have a higher screen-penetrating probability relative to traditional sieves. By establishing a bending vibration model for the CVS, it can be found that additional vibrations may emerge during the screen body motion, and a smaller difference between the natural circular frequency and the vibration frequency will achieve a larger vibration of cantilevered sieve rod. On this basis, this investigation also analyzed anti-plugging mechanism of the CVS and systematically discussed the influence laws of the geometric parameters and vibration parameters of the sieve on screening efficiency by the discrete element method.