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Abstract The potential for toxic elements to contaminate soil has been extensively studied. Therefore, the development of cost-effective methods and materials to prevent toxic element residues in the soil from entering the food chain is of great significance. Industrial and agricultural wastes such as wood vinegar (WV), sodium humate (NaHA) and biochar (BC) were used as raw materials in this study. HA was obtained by acidizing NaHA with WV and then loaded onto BC, which successfully prepared a highly efficient modification agent for nickel-contaminated soil, namely biochar-humic acid material (BC-HA). The characteristics and parameters of BC-HA were obtained by FTIR, SEM, EDS, BET and XPS. The chemisorption of Ni(II) ions by BC-HA conforms to the quasi-second-order kinetic model. Ni(II) ions are distributed on the heterogeneous surface of BC-HA by multimolecular layer adsorption, which accords with the Freundlich isotherm model. WV promotes better binding of HA and BC by introducing more active sites, thus increasing the adsorption capacity of Ni(II) ions on BC-HA. Ni(II) ions in soil are anchored to BC-HA by physical and chemical adsorption, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange and synergy.

China is a big consuming country of mineral resources. In the process of ensuring industrialization and urbanization, greenhouse gases generated by energy consumption have caused serious ecological problems. China made a commitment to the international community in 2021 to achieve carbon neutrality in 2060 and change the extensive development model of high energy consumption with high-quality development. The main source of energy consumption in China is coal resources. In the context of global “carbon neutrality”, achieving carbon neutrality in mining areas has become an important way for China to realize the overall layout of ecological civilization construction in the new era of socialism in China. Based on the analysis of the ecological system carbon emissions caused by mining area mining, this paper deeply analyzes the current status of ecological restoration in China's mining areas, and specifically proposes "establishing the awareness of carbon sequestration and increasing sinks, deepening carbon sequestration mechanism research", "saving and intensive research". Land use, reducing carbon emission equivalent”, “optimizing restoration technologies, enhancing carbon sequestration capacity” and “accelerating industrial integration, innovating restoration models” and other countermeasures to achieve carbon neutrality in mining areas, are for the ecological restoration of mining areas in the context of carbon neutrality in the new era Point out the direction in order to provide the necessary reference for China to achieve "carbon peak and carbon neutrality".

Investigating impacts of combined moisture and nitrogen on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat by film hole irrigation, this study conducted the planting experiment of winter wheat with film hole irrigation under different irrigation amount so as to study fertilizer amount was studied and the effects of winter wheat plant height, chlorophyll content, rate of photosynthesis, rate of transpiration, stomatal conductance and other photosynthetic characteristics. Analyses of yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat under water and nitrogen interaction were carried out. The reports showed that under film hole irrigation, the plant height of winter wheat initially increased and thereafter decreased with increasing the moisture content, with the plant height of the medium water treatment being significantly higher than that of the other ones, and this trend gradually decreased with the increasing fertilization application, indicating that the variation of water failed to significantly affect plant height under high fertilizer level (P > 0.01); the increase of nitrogen application was beneficial and could improve the sensitivity of winter wheat to environmental changes, which was reflected in the increase of both net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate (P < 0.01), and it could last for a long time to keep the stomatal conductance of winter wheat at a high level constantly; the diurnal variation of photosynthesis in high water and medium nitrogen presented a “unimodal-type” curve; the diurnal change of photosynthesis in medium water and medium nitrogen as well as in low water and high nitrogen showed a “bimodal” curve; the water use efficiency of winter wheat leaves in medium nitrogen and high water could be significantly increased when the irrigation amount was the same (P < 0.05); water–nitrogen scheme for medium nitrogen and medium water was the best solution to save water, reduce nitrogen and increase grain yield under the experimental conditions of film hole irrigation of winter wheat. Its grain yield was 3,763.01 kg/ha² and the total water utilization efficiency and irrigation water utilization efficiency reached the maximum. The results of this study can provide scientific basis for water and fertilizer management of winter wheat under the film h ole irrigation mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simplification and encryption are performed on the point cloud data concerning high-relief (20 cm tiilage) and low-relief (raking bare slope) terrain on a different scale of observation. We select three indicators (surface curvature, slope aspect and surface roughness) to evaluate the effect of simplification and encryption on micro-topography data analysis. The results show that simplification and encryption have a significant impact on the curvature of high-relief terrain, but have no significant impact on low-relief terrain. The slope aspect change is not significant after 5, 10 mm data simplification and encryption ; 1 mm simplification h a a regular impact on surface roughness ; 5 mm encryption and simplification have a complex impact on high-relief terrain ; 10 mm encryption h a a complex impact on high-relief terrain roughness change but a regular impact on bare slope change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]