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D-Glucuronyl C5-epimerase (C5-epi), which converts D-glucuronic acid to L-iduronic acid, is a crucial enzyme in the preparation of bioengineered heparin, which provides an alternative way to produc...

Antibiotics are a category of chemical compounds used to treat bacterial infections and are widely applied in cultivation, animal husbandry, aquaculture, and pharmacy. Currently, residual antibiotics and their metabolites pose a potential risk of allergic reactions, bacterial resistance, and increased cancer incidence. Residual antibiotics and the resulting bacterial antibiotic resistance have been recognized as a global challenge that has attracted increasing attention. Therefore, monitoring antibiotics is a critical way to limit the ecological risks from antibiotic pollution. Accordingly, it is desirable to devise new analytical platforms to achieve efficient antibiotic detection with excellent sensitivity and specificity. Quantum dots (QDs) are regarded as an ideal material for use in the development of antibiotic detection biosensors. In this review, we characterize different types of QDs, such as silicon, chalcogenide, carbon, and other doped QDs, and summarize the trends in QD-based antibiotic detection. QD-based sensing applications are classified according to their recognition strategies, including molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), aptamers, and immunosensors. We discuss the advantages of QD-derived antibiotic sensors, including low cost, good sensitivity, excellent stability, and fast response, and illustrate the current challenges in this field.

Introducing magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) into the enzyme@MOF complex is one of the most promising ways to facilitate enzyme recovery but typically hampered by its complex synthetic process and low loading rate. Using lipase as an example, herein, we reported a mild and quick one-pot strategy to achieve the successful encapsulation of lipase (CRL) and Fe3O4 nanoparticle into ZIF-8 to form CRL/MNP@ZIF-8 with 88.4 % immobilization yield. It is the first time that magnetic nanoparticles and lipase were simultaneously encapsulated in ZIF‐8 through the co‐precipitation approach. The resulting magnetic MOF composite demonstrated an excellent protective capability against harsh environments and could also simplify the complex downstream separation and recovery operations. Moreover, after five successive cycles of reuse to hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl acetate, the residual CRL/MNP@ZIF-8 still reserve 82 % activity, which can significantly reduce the processing cost and might be applicable in the industries in the future.