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Abstract Re-poling of unexpected partially depoled piezoelectric materials conventionally needs to be first fully depoled through annealing above their Curie temperature to revive piezoelectric performances. Here, we investigated de-poling and re-poling of Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystals under electric fields at room temperature. We found that alternating current electric fields with amplitudes near the coercive field at low frequencies (

Spodoptera litura is a widely distributed multifeeding pest, that has developed high resistance to many chemical insecticides. In the present study, a bistrifluron-resistant (Bis-SEL) strain showing 113.8-fold resistance ratio relative to a bistrifluron-susceptible (Bis-UNSEL) strain was obtained and showed a fitness advantage (resurgence). First, we found that the observed resurgence might have resulted from Maf transcription factor overexpression in the Bis-SEL strain, which would influence the synthesis of ecdysone and chitin. Additionally, a co-expression relationship between Maf and CYP307A1 was verified by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and qRT–PCR, and the expression of CYP307A1, a key gene in ecdysone synthesis, was significantly downregulated by Maf interference. The assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) and a yeast one-hybrid showed that Maf could bind to the cncc:maf-s element in the CYP307A1 promoter region. The synthesis of ecdysone, which stimulated chitin synthesis, was also decreased significantly following Maf and CYP307A1 interference. Therefore, the upregulation of Maf expression leaded to the upregulation CYP307A1 expression, which led to an increase in the synthesis of ecdysone, resulting in resurgence accompanied by resistance to bistrifluron.

The application of anti-drifl nozzles, such as air-induction nozzles, is the most common recommendation for reducing spray drift; To reduce the risk of coarse droplets bouncing and rolling produced by anti-drift nozzles, various types of adjuvants were screened by comparing their atomization performance, surface tension and contact angle, in order to identify favourable adjuvants that are compatible with anti-drift nozzles. It was found from the study results that the addition of 50% neem crude oil emulsifiable concentrate (neem oil), isomeric alcohol ethoxylates and BYK-405 all significantly decreased distribution span (5) and the percentage of droplet size less than 150/zm (OVol<150/,m) values, but significantly promoted the median volume (Z>50) value. And the surface tension measurement results showed that all tested adjuvants significantly reduced the surface tension, while neem oil, FC4430 and silwetl-77 were observed with a most significant effects; Furthermore, all tested adjuvants except BYK-051N could also significantly decrease the contact angle, and the difference between neem oil, FC4430 and silwetl-77 was significant. Wind tunnel test results clearly demonstrated that the application of IDKA (a combination of air-induction nozzle IDK120-01 and neem oil) substantially decreased the drift deposition amount; In addition, the field experiments revealed that IDKA possessed a significantly improved deposition amount per unit area on canopy or bottom, leading to a more effective deposition. These results suggest that the use of IDK120-01 nozzle and neem oil can effectively reduce spray drift, lessen surface tension and enhance spreading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]