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To reveal the effects of confinement and curvature on the jet mixing in a supersonic cross-flow, large eddy simulations were conducted to study the jet in supersonic cross-flow in a channel and a pipe at a Mach number of 2.7. The comparison was based on an equal friction Mach number, friction Reynolds number, and Prandtl number. The synthetic eddy model was utilized to generate the inflow turbulent boundary layer. Our study shows the major counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP) was higher in the pipe than in the channel, while the trailing CVP was larger and appeared within the recirculating flow. The pipe had a stronger shock train than the channel due to the confinement and curvature of the pipe. The jet penetration of the pipe is 18.4% larger than that of the channel at x/ D = 10, and the stream velocity of the pipe is much more reduced behind the jet than in the channel. Three reasons for the higher mixing efficiency of the pipe are revealed according to our findings, including the larger and higher major CVP, the higher penetration, the stronger shock. The mixing efficiency of the pipe is 4.68% higher than that of the channel due to the above reasons at x/ D = 10.

Hao Tang, Dong Liu, Yong Guo, Huayu Zhang, Yang Li, Xiaoyu Peng, Yaoli Wang, Dongpo Jiang, Lianyang Zhang, Zhengguo Wang Wound Trauma Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Zhengguo Wang; Lianyang Zhang Email hpzhangly@163.com; dpzhangly@163.comObjective: This study is the largest clinical study of noninvasive Abdominal wall tension (AWT) measurement with a tensiometer to date. It also initially applies a polynomial regression equation to analyze the correlation between AWT measurement and intravesical pressure (IVP) measurement and remarkably finds interesting changes between different IVP intervals and AWT.Methods: Critically ill patients who were treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, from August 30, 2018, to June 30, 2020, and met the inclusion criteria were prospectively included in this study. The patients were divided into an intra-abdominal hypertension group and a non-intra-abdominal hypertension group and an abdominal infection group and no abdominal infection group. AWT and IVP were measured at 9 points on the abdominal wall on the first day after admission to the ICU. The correlations between AWTs and IVP were analyzed, and the role of AWT in the diagnosis of complications of abdominal infection and the prediction of adverse prognosis were analyzed.Results: A total of 127 patients were included. The average AWT and IVP were 2.77± 0.38 N/mm and 12.31± 7.01 mmHg, respectively, on the first day of admission. There was a positive correlation between AWT and IVP (correlation coefficient r = 0.706, p < 0.05). The polynomial regression model was AWT= -1.616× 10− 3 IVP2 +8.323× 10− 2 IVP+2.094. The cutoff value of the sensitivity and specificity of AWT for the diagnosis of abdominal infection was 2.57 N/mm. Furthermore, AWT = 2.57 N/mm had the best diagnostic efficiency, which was better than that of IAH and lactate.Conclusion: There was a correlation between AWT and IVP. AWT measurement was helpful in the diagnosis of IAH and abdominal infection complications and can therefore serve as a new method for the clinical diagnosis of IVP and abdominal infection.Keywords: intra-abdominal hypertension, abdominal wall tension, intra-abdominal pressure, abdominal compliance, abdominal infection

Background: Prior studies have suggested that head injury might be a potential risk factor of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the association has not been well established. We aimed to provide a synopsis of the current understanding of head injury’s role in ALS. Methods: We performed a systematic search in PubMed for observational studies that quantitatively investigated the association between head injury and ALS risk published before April 10, 2020. We used a random-effects model to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Fourteen eligible articles including 10,703 cases and 2,159,324 controls were selected in current meta-analysis. We found that head injury was associated with an increased risk of ALS (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.20–1.60) and the association was slightly stronger concerning severe head injury and ALS risk (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.27–2.23). Considering the number of head injuries (N) and ALS risk, the association was weak (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.10–1.37, N = 1; OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.89–1.86, N ≥ 2). In addition, a strong association with ALS risk was found in individuals who suffered head injury 10 years, the pooled OR was 1.13, 1.35, and 1.10, respectively. Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicates that head injury, especially severe head injury, could increase ALS risk. Although a strong association is found between head injury

Good practices in controlling ammonia produced from the predominant agricultural contributor, crop farming, are the most direct yet effective approaches for mitigating ammonia emissions and further relieving air pollution. Of all the practices that have been investigated in recent decades, fertilizer amendment technologies are garnering increased attention as the low nitrogen use efficiency in most applied quick-acting fertilizers is the main cause of high ammonia emissions. This paper systematically reviews the fertilizer amendment technologies and associated mechanisms that have been developed for ammonia control, especially the technology development of inorganic additives-based complex fertilizers, coating-based enhanced efficiency fertilizers, organic waste-based resource fertilizers and microbial agent and algae-based biofertilizers, and their corresponding mechanisms in farmland properties shifting towards inhibiting ammonia volatilization and enhancing nitrogen use efficiency. The systematic analysis of the literature shows that both enhanced efficiency fertilizers technique and biofertilizers technique present outstanding ammonia inhibition performance with an average mitigation efficiency of 54% and 50.1%, respectively, which is mainly attributed to the slowing down in release and hydrolysis of nitrogen fertilizer, the enhancement in the adsorption and retention of NH

Thermoelectric materials (TMs) can uniquely convert waste heat into electricity, which provides a potential solution for the global energy crisis that is increasingly severe. Bulk Cu2Se, with ionic conductivity of Cu ions, exhibits a significant enhancement of its thermoelectric figure of merit zT by a factor of ~3 near its structural transition around 400 K. Here, we show a systematic study of the electronic structure of Cu2Se and its temperature evolution using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Upon heating across the structural transition, the electronic states near the corner of the Brillouin zone gradually disappear, while the bands near the centre of Brillouin zone shift abruptly towards high binding energies and develop an energy gap. Interestingly, the observed band reconstruction well reproduces the temperature evolution of the Seebeck coefficient of Cu2Se, providing an electronic origin for the drastic enhancement of the thermoelectric performance near 400 K. The current results not only bridge among structural phase transition, electronic structures, and thermoelectric properties in a condensed matter system, but also provide valuable insights into the search and design of new generation of thermoelectric materials., Comment: To appear in Science Bulletin

International audience; We study a recently introduced smart compact automated parking system (CAPS), deploying straddle carriers, which require little footprint area. The straddle carriers can elevate and move a car over other cars in the horizontal direction in deep storage lanes, thereby considerably increasing the car storage capacity. Customers can reserve a parking space with a mobile application, or just drive in. Customers with booking by mobile application receive priority over the drive-in customers. We build priority queueing network models to evaluate the performance of a CAPS with priority booking under two storage policies. We then develop approximation methods to solve the analytical models and validate them through simulation. Numerical experiments show that the waiting time of a customer with booking can be reduced by 9.2% and 3.4%, respectively, for the dedicated and shared storage policies, compared with systems without priority booking. Then we compare the dedicated and shared storage policies and conduct a sensitivity analysis on the arrival rates of two types of cars. To minimise the expected retrieval time, the optimal ratio of width to height should be around 1.3. Finally, we calculate the investment cost of a CAPS and compare it with a competitive cylindrical automated parking tower.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of chlorine-based disinfectants has surged due to their excellent performance and cost-effectiveness in intercepting the spread of the virus and bacteria in water and air. Many authorities have demanded strict chlorine dosage for disinfection to ensure sufficient chlorine residual for inactivating viruses and bacteria while not posing harmful effects to humans as well as the environment. Reliable chlorine sensing techniques have therefore become the keys to ensure a balance between chlorine disinfection efficiency and disinfection safety. Up to now, there is still a lack of comprehensive review that collates and appraises the recently available techniques from a practical point of view. In this work, we intend to present a detailed overview of the recent advances in monitoring chlorine in both dissolved and gaseous forms aiming to present valuable information in terms of method accuracy, sensitivity, stability, reliability, and applicability, which in turn guides future sensor development. Data on the analytical performance of different techniques and environmental impacts associated with the dominated chemical-based techniques are thus discussed. Finally, this study concludes with highlights of gaps in knowledge and trends for future chlorine sensing development. Due to the increasing use of chlorine in disinfection and chemical synthesis, we believe the information present in this review is a relevant and timely resource for the water treatment industry, healthcare sector, and environmental organizations.

BackgroundAbdominal wall tension (AWT) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of abdominal compliance (AC). This study uses a polynomial regression model to analyze the correlation between intra-vesical pressure(IVP) and AWT in critically ill patients and provides new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients with intra-abdominal hypertension（IAH）.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted in critically ill patients who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the Department of intensive care unit of Daping Hospital of Army Medical University from March 14, 2019, to May 23, 2020. According to the IVP on the first day of ICU admission and death within 28 days, the patients were divided into the IAH group (IVP ≥12 mmHg), the non-IAH group, the survival group and the nonsurvival group. The demographic and clinical data, prognostic indicators, AWT and IVP on days 1-7 after entering the ICU, IAH risk factors, and 28-day death risk factors were collected.ResultsA total of 100 patients were enrolled, with an average age of 45.59±11.4 years. There were 55 males (55%), 30 patients from departments of internal medicine (30%), 43 patients from surgery departments (43%), and 27 trauma patients (27%). In the IAH group, there were 50 patients (29 males, 58%), with an average age of 45.28±12.27 years; there were 50 patients (26 males, 52%) in the non-IAH group, with an average age of 45.90±10.58 years. The IVP on the 1st day and the average IVP within 7 days of the IAH group was 18.99（17.52，20.77）mmHg and 19.43（16.87，22.25）mmHg, respectively, which was higher than that of the non-IAH group [ 6.14（3.48，8.70）mmHg, 6.66（2.74，9.08）mmHg], p＜0.001. The AWT on the 1st day and the average AWT within 7 days of the IAH group was 2.89±0.32 N/mm and 2.82±0.46 N/mm, respectively, which was higher than that of the non-IAH group [(2.45±0.29)N/mm,(2.43±0.39)N/mm],p＜0.001.The polynomial regression models showed that the average AWT and IVP on the 1st day and within 7 days were AWTday1 = -2.450×10-3IVP2+9.695×10-2 IVP+2.046，r=0.667（p＜0.0001），and AWTmean = -2.293×10-3IVP2+9.273×10-2 IVP+2.081, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that AWTday1 of 2.73-2.97 N/mm increased the patient's 28-day mortality risk (OR: 6.834; 95%: 1.105-42.266, p=0.010).ConclusionsThere is a nonlinear correlation between AWT and IVP in critically ill patients, and a high AWT may indicate poor prognosis.

Background：In this study, a new measurement device was used to measure the AWT in critically ill patients and a polynomial regression model was applied to analyze the correlation between intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and AWT in critically ill patients.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in critically ill patients who were admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine of Daping Hospital of Army Medical University from March 13, 2019, to May 23, 2020. According to the intravesical pressure (IVP) on the first day of ICU admission and death within 28 days, the patients were divided into the IAH group (IVP ≥12 mmHg), the non-IAH group, the survival group and the nonsurvival group. The demographic and clinical data, prognostic indicators, AWT and IVP on days 1-7 after entering the ICU, IAH risk factors, and 28-day death risk factors were collected.Results: The AWT on the 1st and mean 7th day of the IAH group was (2.89±0.32)N/mm and (2.82±0.46) N/mm, respectively, which was higher than that of the non-IAH group [ (2.45±0.29) N/mm, (2.43±0.39) N/mm], p＜0.001. The average IVP on the 1st and mean 7th day of all patients were 12.78 (6.14, 18.99) and 11.49 (6.66, 19.43) mmHg, and the AWT on the 1st and mean 7th days were (2.75±0.38) and (2.75±0.47) N/mm, respectively, with significant differences (p< 0.0001). The polynomial regression models showed that the average AWT and IVP on the 1st and mean 7th were AWTday1=-2.450×10-3, IVP2+9.695×10-2 IVP+2.046，r=0.667（p＜0.0001），and AWTmean=-2.293×10-3, IVP2+9.273×10-2 IVP+2.081, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that AWTday1 2.73-2.97N/mm increased the patient's 28-day mortality risk (OR: 6.834; 95%: 1.105-42.266, p=0.010).Conclusion: There is a nonlinear correlation between AWT and IVP in critically ill patients, and a high AWT may indicate poor prognosis.Trial registration：ChiCTR，ChiCTR1900020562. Registered 8 January 2019，http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=34441

A novel ionic liquid, 3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (APMimPF6), with high hydrophobic property was successfully applied as the functional monomer for the halide perovskite preparation. The new hydrophobic ionic liquid significantly facilitates the perovskite forming a 2-dimensional structure with good passivation, particularly at the grain boundaries because of the high hydrophobic character and large size of ionic liquid molecule. The perovskite solar cell fabricated with this new perovskite based on the hydrophobic ionic liquid was found possessing excellent properties: the maximum value of Jsc = 22.9 mA cm−2, Voc = 1.05 V, and PCE = 17.3%. In addition, the perovskite solar cell also shows good long-term stability, which benefited from the protecting effect of the high hydrophobic ionic liquid. In a typical stability test, the cells stored under the conditions with a relative humidity of 57% for 40 days, the PCE was able to retain 98% of its initial value. Therefore, the present study demonstrated a significant protocol for the development of highly stable perovskite solar cells.

A feasible and optimal axis of biomechanical and anatomic significance in axial lumbosacral interbody fusion (AxiaLIF) was designed. Using the image dataset of an adult volunteer, two groups of finite element (FE) models of the AxiaLIF, lumbosacral anterior column fixation (ACF) models and middle column fixation (MCF) models with different bone graft fusion degrees, were prospectively established, and their biomechanical differences were comparatively predicted. In addition, 3D reconstruction was performed by retrospectively collecting CT data from pelvises in 60 adult cases. Their anatomic parameters relating to two groups of models were digitally measured and statistically compared. Numerical analysis revealed that the load and the maximum stress on the screw as well as the maximum stress difference between the screw and peripheral tissues in the MCF model were reduced compared with the ACF model. These indices of both models all decreased markedly in response to the increase in the disc fusion degree. Statistical analysis revealed that the effective fixed length of the sacrum in the MCF model was increased compared with the ACF model (P < 0.05). The surgical dissection distance of presacral vessels and nerves from the axis to sacrum of the MCF model was reduced compared with the ACF model (P < 0.05). The feasible and optimal axis of biomechanical and anatomic significance of the AxiaLIF is similar to the axis of the MCF model. Disc bone graft fusions plus axial screw fixations of middle column could strengthen the biomechanical stability of the AxiaLIF model. Clin. Anat. 32:337-347, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A photoelectrochemical immunosensor was fabricated for squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) assay with high performances by using MoSe2 nanosheets and hollow gold nanospheres as photosensitive materials. MoSe2 nanosheets were simply synthesized with a hydrothermal method using 1,3-di-(3-thioacetylpropyl)-imidazolium bromide (DITAPIBr) ionic liquid as a morphological controlling reagent, selenium powder, and sodium molybdate as raw materials. Hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) were prepared by using 1,3-di-(3-bromopropyl)-imidazolium bromide ionic liquid (DIBPIBr) as functional monomer, and NaBH4 as a reductant to interact with the HAuCl4 solution. Subsequently, HGNs were integrated with MoSe2 nanosheets to provide a HGNs-MoSe2 nanocomposite. The photocurrent intensity of MoSe2 nanosheets was significantly enhanced by the hybridization of HGNs. Furthermore, HGNs-MoSe2 nanocomposites were coated onto a glassy carbon electrode surface to construct a platform for the immobilization of SCCA antibody (anti-SCCA), resulted in a photoelectrochemical immunosensing system for determining SCCA. Under optimized conditions, the fabricated immunosensor shows high selectivity and sensitivity towards SCCA, and exhibits a detection limit of 0.21 pg mL−1 and a linear range from 1.0 pg mL−1 to 50 ng mL−1. Meanwhile, the practicability of the immunosensor was demonstrated by determining SCCA in clinical serum samples with high accuracy.

Objective: In this study, a new measurement device was used to measure the AWT in critically ill patients and a polynomial regression model was applied to analyze the correlation between intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and AWT in critically ill patients.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in critically ill patients who were admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine of Daping Hospital of Army Medical University from August 30, 2018, to June 30, 2020. According to the intravesical pressure (IVP) on the first day of ICU admission and death within 28 days, the patients were divided into the IAH group (IVP ≥12 mmHg), the non-IAH group, the survival group and the nonsurvival group. The demographic and clinical data, prognostic indicators, AWT and IVP on days 1-7 after entering the ICU, IAH risk factors, and 28-day death risk factors were collected.Results: The AWT on the 1st and mean 7th day of the IAH group was (2.89±0.32)N/mm and (2.82±0.46) N/mm, respectively, which was higher than that of the non-IAH group [ (2.45±0.29) N/mm, (2.43±0.39) N/mm], p＜0.001. The average IVP on the 1st and mean 7th day of all patients were 12.78 (6.14, 18.99) and 11.49 (6.66, 19.43) mmHg, and the AWT on the 1st and mean 7th days were (2.75±0.38) and (2.75±0.47) N/mm, respectively, with significant differences (p< 0.0001). The polynomial regression models showed that the average AWT and IVP on the 1st and mean 7th were AWTday1=-2.450×10-3, IVP2+9.695×10-2 IVP+2.046，r=0.667（p＜0.0001），and AWTmean=-2.293×10-3, IVP2+9.273×10-2 IVP+2.081, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that AWTday1 2.73-2.97N/mm increased the patient's 28-day mortality risk (OR: 6.834; 95%: 1.105-42.266, p=0.010).Conclusion: There is a nonlinear correlation between AWT and IVP in critically ill patients, and a high AWT may indicate poor prognosis.

Based on the literature research and related concepts of inland river container freight supply chain, this paper analyzes the influence of inland river container freight supply chain under the reduced vessel speed. Firstly, this paper describes the research problems and makes assumptions. Then a two-echelon inventory management model based on controllable lead time and stable demand is presented and the impact of slow steaming on inland river container freight supply chain is quantitatively analyzed. Finally, the impact of slow steaming on the inventory cost and inventory strategy of the shipper and consignee in the container freight supply chain is studied and some feasible suggestions are given.

Excitonic insulator (EI) is an intriguing insulating phase of matter, where electrons and holes are bonded into pairs, so called excitons, and form a phase-coherent state via Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC). Its theoretical concept has been proposed several decades ago, but the followed research is very limited, due to the rare occurrence of EI in natural materials and the lack of manipulating method of excitonic condensation. In this paper, we report the realization of a doping-controlled EI-to-semi-metal transition in Ta$_2$NiSe$_5$ using $in$-$situ$ potassium deposition. Combining with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we delineate the evolution of electronic structure through the EI transition with unprecedented precision. The results not only show that Ta$ _2 $NiSe$ _5 $ (TNS) is an EI originated from a semi-metal non-interacting band structure, but also resolve two sequential transitions, which could be attributed to the phase-decoherence and pair-breaking respectively. Our results unveil the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS)-BEC crossover behavior of TNS and demonstrate that its band structure and excitonic binding energy can be tuned precisely via alkali-metal deposition. This paves a way for investigations of BCS-BEC crossover phenomena, which could provide insights into the many-body physics in condensed matters and other many-body systems., 5 pages, 4 figures, See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/ 10.1103/PhysRevB.102.161116

Alkaline-earth iron arsenide (122) is one of the most studied families of iron-based superconductors, especially for angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. While extensive photoemission results have been obtained, the surface complexity of 122 caused by its charge-non-neutral surface is rarely considered. Here, we show that the surface of 122 can be neutralized by potassium deposition. In potassium-coated BaFe$_2$(As$_{0.7}$P$_{0.3}$)$_2$, the surface-induced spectral broadening is strongly suppressed, and hence the coherent spectra that reflect the intrinsic bulk electronic state recover. This enables the measuring of superconducting gap with unpreceded precision. The result shows the existence of two pairing channels. While the gap anisotropy on the outer hole/electron pockets can be well fitted using an s$_\pm$ gap function, the gap anisotropy on the inner hole/electron shows a clear deviation. Our results provide quantitative constraints for refining theoretical models and also demonstrate an experimental method for revealing the intrinsic electronic properties of 122 in future studies., 14 pages, 4 figures with Supplementary Information

Background Civilian explosion blast injury is more frequent in developing countries, including China. However, the incidence, casualties, and characteristics of such incidents in China are unknown. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of the State Administration of Work Safety database. Incidents during a period from January 1, 2000 to April 30, 2017 were included in the analysis. The explosions were classified based on the number of deaths into extraordinarily major, major, serious and ordinary type. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the incidence and characteristics of the explosions. Correlation analysis was performed to examine the potential correlations among various variables. Results Data base search identified a total of 2098 explosions from 2000 to 2017, with 29,579 casualties: 15,788 deaths (53.4%), 12,637 injured (42.7%) and 1154 missing (3.9%). Majority of the explosions were serious type (65.4%). The number of deaths (39.5%) was also highest with the serious type (P = 0.006). The highest incidence was observed in the fourth quarter of the year (October to December), and at 9:00–11:00 am and 4:00–6:00 pm of the day. The explosions were most frequent in coal-producing provinces (Guizhou and Shanxi Province). Coal mine gas explosions resulted majority of the deaths (9620, 60.9%). The number of explosion accidents closely correlated with economic output (regional economy and national GDP growth rate) (r = − 0.372, P = 0.040; r = 0.629, P = 0.028). Conclusions The incidence and civilian casualties due to explosions remain unacceptabe in developing China. Measures that mitigate the risk factors are of urgently required.

Unveiling the driving force for a phase transition is normally difficult when multiple degrees of freedom are strongly coupled. One example is the nematic phase transition in iron-based superconductors. Its mechanism remains controversial due to a complex intertwining among different degrees of freedom. In this Rapid Communication, we report a method for measuring the nematic susceptibly of ${\mathrm{FeSe}}_{0.9}{\mathrm{S}}_{0.1}$ using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and an in situ strain-tuning device. The nematic susceptibility is characterized as an energy shift of band induced by a tunable uniaxial strain. We found that the temperature dependence of the nematic susceptibility is strongly momentum dependent. As the temperature approaches the nematic transition temperature from the high temperature side, the nematic susceptibility remains weak at the Brillouin zone center while showing divergent behavior at the Brillouin zone corner. Our results highlight the complexity of the nematic order parameter in momentum space, which provides crucial clues to the driving mechanism of the nematic phase transition. Our experimental method which can directly probe the electronic susceptibly in momentum space provides a way to study the complex phase transitions in various materials.

Military Brain Science is a cutting-edge innovative science that uses potential military application as the guidance. It was preliminarily divided into 9 aspects by authors: understanding the brain, protecting the brain, monitoring the brain, injuring the brain, interfering with the brain, repairing the brain, enhancing the brain, simulating the brain and arming the brain. In this review, we attempt to propose the concept, content and meaning of the Military Brain Science, with the hope to provide some enlightenment and understanding of the research area. Keywords: Military Brain Science, Future wars, Reshape the battlefield, Military potential significance

Ionic liquid functionalized tungsten disulfite nanosheets (IL-WS2) were prepared by using 1-vinyl-3-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazolium bromide (VAPimBr) ionic liquid as an auxiliary reagent to exfoliate WS2 bulk crystals in N-methyl pyrrolidone with ultrasonication. Hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) were controllably synthesized by using 1,3-di(3-bromopropyl)-imidazolium bromide ionic liquid as the functional monomer. HGNs were integrated onto IL-WS2 nanosheet surface to fabricate a HGNs/IL-WS2 nanocomposite through the interaction between S and Au atoms. VAPimBr ionic liquid and HGNs can significantly enhance the photocurrent response of IL-WS2 nanosheets. Human epididymis protein 4 antibody (anti-HE4) was immobilized onto the HGNs/IL-WS2 nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. Followed by being treated with glutaraldehyde vapor and bovine serum albumin (BSA), a photoelectrochemical immunosensor for human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) was successfully constructed and denoted as anti-HE4/HGNs/IL-WS2/GCE. The photoelectrochemical variation upon interacting with HE4 was used for the quantitative assay. Experimental conditions including the exfoliation time, the amount of VAPimBr ionic liquid, HGNs size, ascorbic acid concentration, incubation time, incubation temperature have been optimized. Under optimal conditions, HE4 was determined by using the photoelectrochemical immunosensor in a dynamic linear range from 0.1 pg mL−1 to 10 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.03 pg mL−1 (S/N = 3). HE4 in clinical serum samples were also accurately determined with satisfied results.