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An in-depth understanding of mineralogical characteristics and the oxidation behaviors of ironsand is of great significance to make the best of ironsand and develop Ti-containing pellets. This paper quantitatively characterized the mineralogical characteristics of the ironsand from East Java in Indonesia through X-ray diffraction (XRD-Rietveld) and scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS). The results indicated that the mineral composition of the ironsand was magnetite (22.7%), titanomagnetite (40.9%), enstatite (17.1%), hematite&ndash, ilmenite solid solution (14.5%), and magnesium iron aluminum silicon oxide (5.8%). The microstructure characterization of pellets after oxidation showed that the porosity of the pellets decreased from 20.7% to 11.7% with temperatures ranging from 1073 to 1473 K. Moreover, the activation energies of ironsand pellets were calculated by using model-function method. The calculated data of different mechanism functions indicated that the chemical reaction mechanism for the early stage of the oxidation fit A2 (random nucleation and nuclei growth) well, the chemical reaction mechanism for the post-oxidation at 1073&ndash, 1273 K fit F1 (chemical reaction) well, and the chemical reaction mechanism for the post-oxidation at 1373 and 1473 K fit D4 (diffusion) well. The reaction mechanism and the limited link was finally discussed based on the kinetic analysis and the mineralogical characteristics.

Objective: To explore and analyze the correlation of routine parameters of digital rectal examination and expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of chronic prostatitis (CP). Methods: According to features of TCM syndromes, 114 CP patients were divided into four groups: group A (syndrome of dampness-heat pouring downward), group B (syndrome of qi stagnation and blood stasis), group C (syndrome of yin deficiency with effulgent fire), and group D (syndrome of kidney yang deficiency). Data collected by digital rectal examination and EPS were divided into different grades according to different criteria. Finally, we performed a statistical analysis of the data. Results: The sizes of the prostates in group C were smaller than those in any other group (p < 0.05). The texture of the prostates in group B was harder than that in any other group (p < 0.05). The rates of tenderness in the prostate were higher in groups A and B than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). The rates of abnormal amounts of small particles of lecithin were higher in groups C and D than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). Finally, the rates of abnormal amounts of white blood cells were higher in groups A and B than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a certain correlation of routine parameters of digital rectal examination and EPS with TCM syndromes of CP, which can provide effective instruction on the differentiation of TCM syndromes.

To evaluate the efficiency and safety of № I Empirical Prescription for Chronic Prostatitis (№ I EPCP) in the treatment of type Ⅲ refractory chronic prostatitis.We randomly assigned 53 cases of type Ⅲ refractory chronic prostatitis with damp-heat and blood stasis to an experimental and a control group to receive № I EPCP at 1 dose per day and saw palmetto extract at 160 mg bid), respectively, all for 8 weeks. Before and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, we obtained The National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) scores, Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Scores (TCMSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), average urinary flow rate (Qavg), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) scores, and compared them between the two groups of patients.Totally 48 of the patients completed the medication and follow-up, 25 in the experimental and 23 in the control group. Compared with the baseline, the NIH-CPSI scores after 8 weeks of treatment were significantly decreased in the experimental (27.82 ± 7.25 vs 15.46 ± 4.77, P0.05) and the control group (25.98 ± 6.47 vs 21.06 ± 5.74, P0.05), and so were the TCMSSs (24.64 ± 9.82 vs 16.42 ± 6.33 and 9.15 ± 3.74, P0.05, and 23.67 ± 8.73 vs 18.55 ± 5.92 and 13.48 ± 4.45, P0.05); the Qmax at 8 weeks were dramatically increased in the experimental group (［18.45 ± 7.81］ vs ［23.44 ± 8.73］ ml/s, P0.05) and the control (［17.58 ± 6.92］ vs ［21.26 ± 8.32］ ml/s, P0.05), and so was the Qavg (［11.27 ± 5.33］ vs ［16.51 ± 7.36］ ml/s, P0.05 and ［10.66 ± 5.82］ vs ［13.44 ± 6.16］ ml/s, P0.05); the HAMD scores were remarkably reduced in the experimental group (22.74 ± 6.37 vs 17.62 ± 5.71 and 12.54 ± 5.22, P0.05) and the control (23.55 ± 7.14 vs 22.34 ± 6.88 and 21.62 ± 5.63, P0.05), and so were the HAMA scores (21.37 ± 7.15 vs 18.42 ± 6.35 and 14.63 ± 7.11, P0.05 and 20.54 ± 6.77 vs 19.87 ± 6.24 and 19.42 ± 7.04, P0.05). No obvious adverse reactions were observed in either of the two groups during the medication.№ I EPCP deserves promotion and clinical application for its definite effectiveness and safety in the treatment of type Ⅲ refractory chronic prostatitis with damp-heat and blood stasis.目的： 观察经验方前列腺炎Ⅰ号治疗难治性Ⅲ型前列腺炎的疗效及安全性。 方法： 将53例Ⅲ型湿热瘀滞证难治性前列腺炎（RCP）患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组给予前列腺炎Ⅰ号1剂/d口服；对照组给予锯叶棕果实提取物（SPE）160 mg，2次/d，口服。分别于治疗前及治疗后4周、8周观察两组患者的NIH-CPSI评分、中医证候评分、尿动力学指标（最大尿流率、平均尿流率）和汉密尔顿抑郁量表和焦虑量表（HAMD、HAMA）评分。 结果： 治疗组25例、对照组23例患者完成临床观察。两组患者NIH-CPSI评分治疗前分别为(27.82±7.25)、(25.98±6.47)分，治疗8周后分别为(15.46±4.77)、(21.06±5.74)分。两组患者中医证候评分治疗前分别为(24.64±9.82)、(23.67±8.73)分，治疗4周后分别为(16.42±6.33)、(18.55±5.92)分，治疗8周后分别为(9.15±3.74)、(13.48±4.55)分。两组患者尿动力学指标（最大尿流率和平均尿流率）治疗前分别为 (18.45±7.81)、(11.27±5.33) ml/s和(17.58±6.29)、(10.66±5.82) ml/s，治疗8周后分别为(23.44±8.73)、(16.51±7.36) ml/s和(21.26±8.32)、(13.44±6.16) ml/s。两组患者HAMD和HAMA评分治疗前分别为(22.74±6.37)、(21.37±7.15)分和(23.55±7.14)、(20.54±6.77)分，治疗4周后分别为(17.62±5.71)、(18.42±6.35)和(22.34±6.88)、(19.87±6.24)，治疗8周后分别为(12.54±5.22)、(14.63±7.11)分和(21.62±5.63)、(19.42±7.04)分。以上数据显示，两组治疗前后各项指标（对照组HAMD和HAMA评分除外）均优于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗组各治疗阶段评价指标改善程度均优于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗期间均未有明显不良反应发生。 结论： 前列腺炎Ⅰ号治疗Ⅲ型湿热瘀滞型RCP疗效确切、安全性好，具有较高的推广和应用价值。.

To investigate the clinical effectiveness of sertraline hydrochloride combined with four-spot caress in the treatment of primary premature ejaculation (PE).We randomly assigned 90 primary PE patients to three groups of equal number. The patients in group A (aged [28.1 ± 5.2] yr and with a disease course of [3.1 ± 1.9] yr) were treated with oral sertraline hydrochloride at 50 mg qd, those in B (aged [27.8 ± 4.1] yr and with a disease course of [3.2 ± 2.0] yr) by four-spot caressing (caressing the tongue, breasts, and vulva prior to intercourse), and those in C (aged [27.1 ± 4.7] yr and with a disease course of [3.1 ± 2.0] yr) by the combination of oral sertraline hydrochloride and four-spot caressing, all for 12 weeks. Before and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment, we obtained the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and Chinese Index of Sexual Function for Premature Ejaculation-5 (CIPE-5) scores and compared them among the three groups of patients.The IELT was dramatically prolonged in groups A, B, and C after 4 weeks ([1.08 ± 0.29], [0.93 ± 0.28] and [1.21 ± 0.27] min), 8 weeks ([1.43 ± 0.30], [1.20 ± 0.33] and [1.72 ± 0.42] min) and 12 weeks of treatment ([2.12 ± 0.63], [1.90 ± 0.65] and [2.67 ± 0.82] min) as compared with the baseline ([0.63 ?0.14] , [0.60 ?0.14] and [0.62 ?0.11] min) (P0.05), even longer in group C than in A and B (P0.05). The CIPE-5 scores were markedly improved in groups A, B and C after 4 weeks ([15.17 ± 1.74], [14.57 ± 1.94] and [15.60 ± 1.63] min), 8 weeks ([17.13 ± 1.63], [16.37 ± 1.97] and [18.00 ± 1.05] min) and 12 weeks of intervention ([18.93 ± 1.57], [18.53 ± 1.67] and [20.00 ± 1.46] min ) as compared with the baseline ([12.57 ± 2.05], [13.20 ± 2.51] and [13.07 ± 2.01] min) (P0.05), even higher in group C than in A and B (P0.05).Sertraline hydrochloride combined with four-spot caressing, with its definite efficacy and rare adverse reactions, deserves wide clinical application in the treatment of primary PE.

Biomass is renewable and carbon neutral. Biochar, derived from the carbonization of biomass, is a kind of solid fuel with excellent properties. Utilization of biomass in ironmaking process as heating agent and reducing agent contributes to energy conservation and emission reduction, and can partially replace for coal and coke. Research status of the utilization of biomass in ironmaking process is discussed. Application prospects of biomass energy in ironmaking process are analyzed, and a novel bioenergy auxiliary ironmaking system is suggested, which is meaningful for the effective use of biomass and for decreasing the consumption of fossil fuels, namely metallurgical coal and coke.

Two types of coke are penetrated by different content of potassium (K) vapor using potassium-adsorption experiments. The K content of the alkalized coke is analyzed with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In order to explore the influence mechanism of K on the coke gasification, the industrial properties of alkalized coke samples are tested with standard method, while their gasification process is investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. It is found that the broken degree of coke structure after penetration by K vapor increases with the increase of K content, and a critical value near 5 wt% of K content may exist for the formation of coke fragment. The catalysis of K on coke gasification accelerates with the increase of K content, and reaches the limitation when the content of K exceeds 3.5 wt%. The catalysis of K vapor on coke gasification is mainly characterized by the reduced gasification temperature and the increased pre-exponential factor, which will increase the active carbon sites.

To explore the diagnostic value of Tei index of right ventricle and serum level of NT-proBNP in patients with high-altitude heart disease (HAHD).Right ventricle Tei index and serum NT-proBN level were calculated and tested in 32 local healthy volunteers and 34 cases of HAHD patients hospitalized in our hospital in Golmud city (2808 meters above sea level) from 2008 to 2010, and a correlation study was conducted thereafter.The pulmonary arterial systolic pressure and right ventricle Tei index, elevated significantly in HAHD patients compared with the control group [(86.61 vs 9.72) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) and (0.90 vs 0.33) respectively, P0.05]. Patients diagnosed as mild pulmonary hypertension without alteration in cardiac structure showed higher pulmonary arterial systolic pressure and the Tei index compared with the control group [(57.1 vs 9.72) mm Hg and (0.78 vs 0.33) respectively, P0.05]. In addition, the level of serum NT-proBNP was significantly higher in HAHD group than that of control group [(1246.8 ± 512.6) ng/L and (98.6 ± 21.7) ng/L respectively, P0.05].Right ventricle Tei index and serum NT-proBNP level are sensitive indicators for right ventricular function and thus of favorable clinical significance for the diagnosis of HAHD.