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BACKGROUND: Visual vertigo (VV) is a disease characterized by various visual signal-induced discomforts, including dizziness, unsteady balance, activity avoiding, and so forth. Distinguishing it from other kinds of dizziness is important because it needs the combination of visual training and vestibular rehabilitation together. However, there is no appropriate tool to diagnose VV in China, thus we would like to introduce an effective tool to China. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of visual vertigo analogue scale (VVAS-CH) and to achieve its cross-cultural adaptation in order to promote its further usage in China. METHODS: A total of 1681 patients complaining of vertigo or dizziness were enrolled and they were asked to complete the VVAS-CH. The cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and construct validity of the VVAS-CH were determined. RESULTS: Split-half reliability was 0.939, showing a good reliability. Factor analysis identified only one common factor for the nine items that explained 64.83% of the total variance. Most fit indices reached acceptable levels, proving the good fit of the VVAS-CH model. CONCLUSIONS: The VVAS-CH validated in this study can be used as an effective tool for diagnosing and evaluating VV in patients whose native language is Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, ferroelectric resistive switching (RS) effect in the ferroelectric/semiconductor heterostructures has been widely studied and the RS performance has been greatly improved. However, the relationships between ferroelectric and RS behaviors as well as interface structure of ferroelectric/semiconductor heterostructures need to be further studied. Herein, a La 0. 6 7 Sr 0. 3 3 MnO3 (LSMO) layer with the thickness of 7 nm is inserted into PbZr 0. 5 2 Ti 0. 4 8 O3/Nb:SrTiO3 (PZT/NSTO) heterostructures, and its effects on the ferroelectric and RS behaviors are investigated. The PZT/NSTO heterostructures show significantly asymmetric ferroelectric loops, and the RS ratio in which can reach to three orders of magnitude. However, by inserting the LSMO layer, the ferroelectric loops became relatively symmetric, but the RS effect almost disappeared. It can be considered that the LSMO layer affects the interfacial energy band structure of the PZT/NSTO heterostructures, which makes ferroelectric polarization lose its effect on the modulation of the depletion layer width. Therefore, the existence of the adjustable depletion layer is very important for the RS effect of ferroelectric/semiconductor heterostructures. An ultrathin La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) layer with the thickness of 7 nm was inserted into PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3/Nb:SrTiO3 (PZT/NSTO) heterostructures. In the PZT/NSTO heterostructures, the ON/OFF ratio reached three orders of magnitude and the P-E hysteresis loops presented obvious asymmetry. However, in the PZT/LSMO/NSTO heterostructures, the P-E hysteresis loops became relatively symmetrical while the resistive switching effect almost disappeared. The role of LSMO insertion can be considered as changing the interfacial energy band structures of the PZT/NSTO heterostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Visual vertigo (VV) is a disease characterized by various visual signal-induced discomforts, including dizziness, unsteady balance, activity avoiding, and so forth. Distinguishing it from other kinds of dizziness is important because it needs the combination of visual training and vestibular rehabilitation together. However, there is no appropriate tool to diagnose VV in China, thus we would like to introduce an effective tool to China., Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of visual vertigo analogue scale (VVAS-CH) and to achieve its cross-cultural adaptation in order to promote its further usage in China., Methods: A total of 1681 patients complaining of vertigo or dizziness were enrolled and they were asked to complete the VVAS-CH. The cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and construct validity of the VVAS-CH were determined., Results: Split-half reliability was 0.939, showing a good reliability. Factor analysis identified only one common factor for the nine items that explained 64.83% of the total variance. Most fit indices reached acceptable levels, proving the good fit of the VVAS-CH model., Conclusions: The VVAS-CH validated in this study can be used as an effective tool for diagnosing and evaluating VV in patients whose native language is Chinese.

Background: To explore the correlation between the detection value of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions and the early prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss., Methods: Seventy-eight patients with first-onset sudden sensorineural hearing loss (all frequencies) from April 2018 to July 2019 were included in this study. Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions and pure-tone audiometry tests were performed at days 0, 3, and 6 of admission. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the changes in the signal-to-noise ratio for different distortion-product otoacoustic emissions frequencies over time and the interaction of grouping factors and time factors., Results: The distortion-product otoacoustic emissions evocation rate in the 4 groups was significantly different starting at day 3 of treatment. It was higher in the cured (35.3%) and obviously effective (20.0%) groups than in the other 2 groups (0%, 0%). At the 6 f2 frequencies of 1105 Hz, 1560 Hz, 2211 Hz, 3125 Hz, 4416 Hz, and 8837 Hz, the signal-to-noise ratio was different among the groups (P < .05) and was notably higher in the cured group. The analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio change before and after treatment at the intermediate f2 frequencies of 1105 Hz, 1560 Hz, and 2211 Hz in all patients indicated a linear correlation between the signal-to-noise ratio change and the pure-tone hearing threshold change, with a correlation coefficient of 0.481., Conclusion: Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions evocation in the early stage (within 3 days of treatment) or the signal-to-noise ratio trend over time at intermediate frequencies may predict the prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.