Search

AIM:To investigate the application of virtual reality(VR)technology in ocular trauma teaching for medical students.METHODS: A total of 90 medical students who participated in the Ophthalmology teaching program between November 2022 and April 2024 were recruited as subjects. Using a case-control method, 45 students in the case group attended traditional ocular trauma teaching program combined with VR virtual simulation experiments, and 45 students in the control group solely attended traditional ocular trauma teaching program. After the teaching practice, the two groups were compared in terms of their examination performance of theoretical knowledge and case analysis, learning ability(evaluated by the Self-Directed Learning Rating Scale), and the satisfaction survey on the quality of teaching; the statistical analyses were performed using t-test or Chi-square test.RESULTS: The scores of theoretical knowledge and case analysis examinations of the case group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(scores of theoretical knowledge examination: 57.27±2.78 vs 53.91±3.20; scores of case analysis examination: 35.71±3.73 vs 32.67±5.52, both P

With technological advancements and cost reduction， the centralized integration of grid-forming energy storage system has significantly expanded. This integration notably impacts the short-circuit currents of power system， an effect that warrants careful consideration. This paper utilizes an electromechanical transient simulation model for grid-forming energy storage system to examine the amplitude and phase characteristics of short-circuit currents under various limiting strategies. Case simulations are conducted to assess changes in short-circuit currents at nearby buses under different scales of energy storage system integration， overcurrent capabilities， grid voltage levels， and operating conditions. This comprehensive analysis reveals the influence of energy storage integration system on the bus short-circuit currents and quantifies the contribution of grid-forming energy storage system to the short-circuit currents. Based on these findings， the paper offers recommendations for capacity allocation and placement of grid-forming energy storage system， taking into account their impact on short-circuit current levels.

Abstract Protein Disulfide-Isomerase A2 (PDIA2) is a gene that encodes proteins, responsible for protein folding and modification within cells. The development and course of many disorders are intimately linked to the aberrant expression of PDIA2. Nevertheless, more research is necessary to fully understand PDIA2’s biological significance in pan-cancer, notably in prostate cancer (PCa). PDIA2 expression is elevated in various tumors and closely related to patient prognosis. Patients with prostate cancer who express PDIA2 high in particular have a bad prognosis in terms of progression-free survival. In addition, the upregulation of PDIA2 expression in prostate cancer patients is accompanied by higher Gleason scores, advanced tumor staging, lymph node metastasis, and elevated PSA levels. Detailed experiments further demonstrate that PDIA2 is a carcinogenic gene affecting prostate cancer cells’ response to dasatinib therapy. For patients with prostate cancer, there is a clear positive connection between the expression level of PDIA2 and a bad prognosis. The prostate cancer treatment efficacy of dasatinib is hampered by PDIA2, which is intimately linked to the growth, invasion, and metastasis of PCa cells. In summary, our research highlights the potential of PDIA2 as a biomarker for the diagnosis and management of PCa.

Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) is a constellation with four instruments (launch date): GECAM-A/B (10 December 2020), GECAM-C (27 July 2022) and GECAM-D (13 March 2024), which are dedicated to monitoring gamma-ray transients in all-sky. The primary science objectives of GECAM include Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters (SGRs), high energy counterparts of Gravitation Wave (GW) and Fast Radio Burst (FRB), Solar Flares (SFLs), as well as Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) and Terrestrial Electron Beams (TEBs). A series of observations and research have been made since the launch of GECAM-A/B. GECAM observations provide new insights into these high-energy transients, demonstrating the unique role of GECAM in the “multi-wavelength, multi-messenger” era.

Abstract. Background:. Although some well-established oncogenes are involved in cancer initiation and progression such as prostate cancer (PCa), the long tail of cancer genes remains to be defined. Goosecoid (GSC) has been implicated in cancer development. However, the comprehensive biological role of GSC in pan-cancer, specifically in PCa, remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of GSC in PCa development. Methods:. We performed a systematic bioinformatics exploration of GSC using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, Gene Expression Omnibus, German Cancer Research Center, and our in-house cohorts. First, we evaluated the expression of GSC and its association with patient prognosis, and identified GSC-relevant genetic alterations in cancers. Further, we focused on the clinical characterization and prognostic analysis of GSC in PCa. To understand the transcriptional regulation of GSC by E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Functional experiments were conducted to validate the effect of GSC on the tumor cellular phenotype and sensitivity to trametinib. Results:. GSC expression was elevated in various tumors and significantly correlated with patient prognosis. The alterations of GSC contribute to the progression of various tumors especially in PCa. Patients with PCa and high GSC expression exhibited worse progression-free survival and biochemical recurrence outcomes. Further, GSC upregulation in patients with PCa was mostly accompanied with higher Gleason score, advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Mechanistically, the transcription factor, E2F1, stimulates GSC by binding to its promoter region. Detailed experiments further demonstrated that GSC acted as an oncogene and influenced the response of PCa cells to trametinib treatment. Conclusions:. GSC was highly overexpressed and strongly correlated with patient prognosis in PCa. We found that GSC, regulated by E2F1, acted as an oncogene and impeded the therapeutic efficacy of trametinib in PCa.

Abstract Unprotected gradient exchange in federated learning (FL) systems may lead to gradient leakage-related attacks. CKKS is a promising approximate homomorphic encryption scheme to protect gradients, owing to its unique capability of performing operations directly on ciphertexts. However, configuring CKKS security parameters involves a trade-off between correctness, efficiency, and security. An evaluation gap exists regarding how these parameters impact computational performance. Additionally, the maximum vector length that CKKS can once encrypt, recommended by Homomorphic Encryption Standardization, is 16384, hampers its widespread adoption in FL when encrypting layers with numerous neurons. To protect gradients’ privacy in FL systems while maintaining practical performance, we comprehensively analyze the influence of security parameters such as polynomial modulus degree and coefficient modulus on homomorphic operations. Derived from our evaluation findings, we provide a method for selecting the optimal multiplication depth while meeting operational requirements. Then, we introduce an adaptive segmented encryption method tailored for CKKS, circumventing its encryption length constraint and enhancing its processing ability to encrypt neural network models. Finally, we present FedSHE, a privacy-preserving and efficient Federated learning scheme with adaptive Segmented CKKS Homomorphic Encryption. FedSHE is implemented on top of the federated averaging (FedAvg) algorithm and is available at https://github.com/yooopan/FedSHE . Our evaluation results affirm the correctness and effectiveness of our proposed method, demonstrating that FedSHE outperforms existing homomorphic encryption-based federated learning research efforts in terms of model accuracy, computational efficiency, communication cost, and security level.

【Objective】With the continuous development of satellite technology, the application of satellites to low coverage areas of ground information networks for personnel search and rescue is becoming increasingly popular. As an effective means of indicating the location of personnel and facilities, satellite search and rescue positioning technology is widely used in maritime, aviation, and personal distress rescue operations. Therefore, in the continuous development and research of global satellite search and res-cue systems, achieving high-precision and rapid positioning of search and rescue sources is the main goal.【Methods】In view of the sudden characteristics of satellite search and rescue signals, dual-satellite Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA) positioning are adopted as the satellite search and rescue positioning methods. The estimation of the required TDOA and FDOA parameters is the key to improve the positioning accuracy. In order to improve the parameter estimation performance and positioning accuracy of dual-satellite TDOA and FDOA positioning technology, this paper proposes a search and rescue positioning technology scheme based on time-frequency difference estimation of windowed Cross Ambiguity Function (CAF). The method of filtering redundant noise by adding windows in time domain is introduced, and the accuracy of time-frequency difference estimation is improved by adding windows in time domain and CAF. The estimated value is substituted into dual-satellite TDOA and FDOA positioning equations to calculate the location of the search and rescue signal source. It means that the purpose of improving the positioning accuracy is to efficiently and accurately find the search/rescue source by improving the estimation accuracy of TDOA/FDOA parameters.【Results】The simulation results show that the method of estimating the TDOA/FDOA parameters of CAF with windows can be applied to search and rescue positioning, and the accurate time-frequency difference estimation value can be obtained through this method. The method proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy of time-frequency difference parameter estimation, and add Fourier transform to reduce the time of parameter estimation, thus optimizing the positioning performance. When the TDOA error is controlled within 4 μs and the FDOA error is controlled within 0.2 Hz, the positioning accuracy can reach the kilometers.【Conclusion】The time-domain windowed time-frequency difference parameter estimation scheme proposed in this paper has improved the positioning performance after being incorporated into the satellite search and rescue positioning technology, which can support the application of the satellite search and rescue positioning technology in the satellite search and rescue system. The algorithm has the advantages of simple structure, low complexity and practical feasibility.

Small tourism enterprises are pivotal in the development and evolution of the spatial dynamics of scenic tourism and are the principal contributors to tourism services and experiences. They constitute a tangible base and medium for developing tourism in scenic areas. However, amidst the challenges of the tourism crisis and disaster management, there is a noticeable deficiency in the theoretical focus and case study analysis concerning small tourism enterprises. This study delves into the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry and its associated sectors. It emphasizes small tourism enterprises in the Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village scenic region, drawing from case observations and field research alongside comprehensive interviews to gather authentic data. This study utilizes the proceduralized grounded theory to elucidate the inherent principles and mechanisms behind the organizational resilience of small tourism enterprises facing the pandemic's impacts. Additionally, it pinpoints the critical elements influencing the development of organizational resilience in these enterprises. The findings reveal the following: 1) The interplay between organizational capabilities and influential factors collectively elucidates the genesis and robustness of organizational resilience among small tourism enterprises in scenic areas, with resilience emerging and intensifying through the synergistic influence of internal and external organizational elements. 2) Organizational capabilities represent the intrinsic rationale and conceptual framework underlying the development of organizational resilience in small tourism enterprises. Such resilient organizations exhibit fundamental abilities such as environmental observation, impact forecasting, crisis response, and reflective learning. In essence, small tourism enterprises adapt by monitoring and recognizing shifts in the external milieu, predicting the duration and ramifications of the pandemic, and crafting proactive strategies in response to pandemic-induced challenges based on external changes and internal shortcomings. Throughout the pandemic, new insights were assimilated into the operational and developmental strategies of small tourism enterprises through ongoing reflection, summarization, and learning. Prompt adaptations in business approaches contributed significantly to cultivating and reinforcing organizational resilience. 3) Initial resources, social capital, and support initiatives foster organizational resilience among small tourism enterprises in scenic locales. These components are crucial for ensuring organizational survival, enhancing resilience potential, and sculpting organizational resilience. Specifically, foundational resources such as property ownership, operator expertise and skills, and surplus funds are vital for building organizational resilience during a pandemic. Concurrently, the relational networks between small tourism enterprises and their stakeholders, alongside social capital stemming from operators' power dynamics and identity within the tourism context, markedly strengthen organizational resilience. Furthermore, tourism relief policies and interventions that modify tourist influx and business sustainability within scenic areas play a pivotal role in enhancing the resilience of small tourism enterprises. This study broadens the theoretical understanding based on case studies of organizational resilience in small tourism enterprises amid the pandemic. It offers theoretical insights and practical guidance for the ongoing management and adaptive regulation of these enterprises during tourism-related crises and disaster management scenarios.

The fault characteristics of voltage source converter-based high voltage direct current （VSC-HVDC） transmission systems connected to offshore wind farms differ from those of conventional power systems. Consequently， there exists a potential risk of inadequate adaptability when conventional relay protection schemes are applied to the VSC-HVDC transmission system. This paper analyzes the impact of harmonic components induced by asymmetrical electrical quantities， negative sequence suppression， and current-limiting measures on the performance of differential protection during fault ride-through （FRT）. Sensitivity calculation formulas for differential protection considering sequence components are derived， and adaptability analysis is conducted. It is noted that differential protection is susceptible to odd-order harmonics during fault conditions， while negative sequence suppression and current-limiting measures may also diminish its sensitivity. Extensive simulation calculations are carried out using a simulated system of a practical demonstration project. The findings indicate a decrease in the sensitivity and reliability of conventional differential protection schemes.

To evaluate the integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine nursing interventions in the treatment of chronic heart failure in the elderly. The hospital had established an integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine nursing model based onmulti-disciplinary team. Based on the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure, comprehensive nursing interventions of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine were carried out including Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment by syndrome differentiation, Traditional Chinese Medicine characteristic nursing, nursing of insomnia, dietary nursing, Traditional Chinese Medicine enema, volume monitoring, skin care, extended care. (探讨适合我国国情的老年慢性心力衰竭的中西医结合治疗模式和特色护理模式。医院在老年慢性心力衰竭治疗中形成了以多学科合作为基础的中西医结合特色护理模式, 包括慢性心衰急性期治疗与护理、中医辨证施治、中医护理、失眠护理、叙事护理、饮食护理、中药灌肠、出入量监测、皮肤护理、延续性护理等。)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors affecting the male genitourinary system. However, there is currently a lack of effective treatments for patients with advanced prostate cancer, which significantly impacts men’s overall health. Exonuclease 1 (EXO1), a protein with mismatch repair and recombination functions, has been found to play a vital role in various diseases. In our study, we discovered that EXO1 acts as a novel biomarker of PCa, which promotes prostate cancer progression by regulating lipid metabolism reprogramming in prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, EXO1 promotes the expression of SREBP1 by inhibiting the P53 signaling pathway. In summary, our findings suggest that EXO1 regulated intracellular lipid reprogramming through the P53/SREBP1 axis, thus promoting PCa progression. The result could potentially lead to new insights and therapeutic targets for diagnosing and treating PCa.

Abstract Despite its involvement in various cancers, the function of the deubiquitinase USP1 (ubiquitin-specific protease 1) is unexplored in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). In this study, we provide evidence that USP1 promotes CCA progression through the stabilization of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), consistent with the observation that both USP1 and PARP1 are upregulated in human CCA. Proteomics and ubiquitylome analysis of USP1-overexpressing CCA cells nominated PARP1 as a top USP1 substrate. Indeed, their direct interaction was validated by a series of immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP), and GST pull-down assays, and their interaction regions were identified using deletion mutants. Mechanistically, USP1 removes the ubiquitin chain at K197 of PARP1 to prevent its proteasomal degradation, with the consequent PARP1 stabilization being necessary and sufficient to promote the growth and metastasis of CCA in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we identified the acetyltransferase GCN5 as acetylating USP1 at K130, enhancing the affinity between USP1 and PARP1 and further increasing PARP1 protein stabilization. Finally, both USP1 and PARP1 are significantly associated with poor survival in CCA patients. These findings describe PARP1 as a novel deubiquitination target of USP1 and a potential therapeutic target for CCA.

Permanent magnet claw pole machine (PMCPM) is a special kind of transverse flux permanent magnet machine. Compared with other electrical machines, it has the advantages of high torque density and high efficiency for high speed operation. However, because of its complex irregular structure, the manufacturing process using silicon sheets is complicated. Soft magnetic composite material (SMC) is manufactured by powder metallurgy technology, which can produce various shapes of stator core structures, so it is easier to produce various irregular shapes of the stator core. However, the raw SMC material is relatively expensive, and the mechanical strength of SMC is weak. In this paper, a PMCPM with hybrid cores is proposed. With the adoption of hybrid silicon sheet - SMC cores and amorphous alloy - SMC cores, the torque ability of PMCPM can be improved greatly and it can have higher efficiency for more wide operation frequency. Meanwhile, its mechanical strength has been improved and it can be designed for high torque direct drive applications as it is a modular machine. Furthermore, three methods are proposed to reduce the additional eddy current loss which resulted from the employment of hybrid cores in PMCPM.

Water (moisture) is the key factor restricting the adsorption / desorption of coalbed methane (CBM). Influenced by the multi-pore structure of coal reservoir and the wetting difference of coal compositions, the coal-water-methane interface interaction result in the mutual excitation and restriction between CH4 and H2O in the process of CBM production. By comprehensively combing the research progress and frontier understanding of the adsorption/desorption effect of water on CBM, the internal relationship between water and the micro effect of CBM adsorption / desorption were analyzed from three aspects: the water occurrence state of coal reservoir, the micro action mechanism of coal-water interface and the influence of water on methane adsorption / desorption. The research showed that the pore structure and water occurrence state of coal reservoir are complicated. Based on the interface between coal and water and pore structure characteristics, coal reservoir water can be divided into three main types: bound water, irreducible water and free water. The inhibition mechanism of methane adsorption by different types of water is different, and the degree of influence on low-rank coal is serious. Water phase change has become the core affecting methane desorption-transport. Water vapor molecules replace adsorbed methane through competitive adsorption. Liquid water blocks pores and inhibits gas-water transport under the action of wettability and capillary force. In the process of surface CBM drilling and production, the action mechanism of water changes with the dynamic changes of reservoir temperature-pressure environment. Aiming at the status quo of unclear desorption mechanism and influence boundary of water on methane. Therefore, it was proposed to quantify the water content and distribution characteristics of the reservoir, enhance methane desorption and gas-water transport, improve the theory and model of methane adsorption / desorption, strengthen the theory and technology of water incentive and promote the increase of CBM production, further deepen the mechanism of the micro action of coal-water interface in the process of CBM desorption and transport, and promote the sustainable, stable and efficient exploitation of CBM.

Background and Objectives: Connexin 43 (Cx43) is involved in the transfer of small signaling molecules between neighboring cells, thereby exerting a major influence on the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis. However, there is a lack of systematic research on Cx43 expression and its predictive role in clinical diagnosis and prognosis in pan-cancer. Materials and Methods: Several biological databases were used to evaluate the expression levels of GJA1 (encoding Cx43) and its diagnostic and prognostic significance in pan-cancer. We targeted kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and investigated the relationship between GJA1 expression and different clinical features of KIRC patients. Then, we performed cell-based experiments to partially confirm our results and predicted several proteins that were functionally related to Cx43. Results: The expression of GJA1 has a high level of accuracy in predicting KIRC. High GJA1 expression was remarkably correlated with a favorable prognosis, and this expression was reduced in groups with poor clinical features in KIRC. Cell experiments confirmed the inhibitory effects of increased GJA1 expression on the migratory capacity of human renal cancer (RCC) cell lines, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis predicted that CDH1 and CTNNB1 were closely related to Cx43. Conclusions: GJA1 could be a promising independent favorable prognostic factor for KIRC, and upregulation of GJA1 expression could inhibit the migratory capacity of renal cancer cells.

Abstract The Warburg effect‐related metabolic dysfunction of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle has emerged as a hallmark of various solid tumors, particularly renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RCC is characterized by high immune infiltration and thus recommended for immunotherapeutic interventions at an advanced stage in clinical guidelines. Nevertheless, limited benefits of immunotherapy have prompted investigations into underlying mechanisms, leading to the proposal of metabolic dysregulation‐induced immunoevasion as a crucial contributor. In this study, a significant decrease is found in the abundance of alpha‐ketoglutarate (αKG), a crucial intermediate metabolite in the TCA cycle, which is correlated with higher grades and a worse prognosis in clinical RCC samples. Elevated levels of αKG promote major histocompatibility complex‐I (MHC‐I) antigen processing and presentation, as well as the expression of β2‐microglobulin (B2M). While αKG modulates broad‐spectrum demethylation activities of histone, the transcriptional upregulation of B2M is dependent on the demethylation of H3K4me1 in its promoter region. Furthermore, the combination of αKG supplementation and PD‐1 blockade leads to improved therapeutic efficacy and prolongs survival in murine models when compared to monotherapy. Overall, the findings elucidate the mechanisms of immune evasion in anti‐tumor immunotherapies and suggest a potential combinatorial treatment strategy in RCC.

Abstract Background Kidney cancer undergoes a dramatic metabolic shift and has demonstrated responsiveness to immunotherapeutic intervention. However, metabolic classification and the associations between metabolic alterations and immune infiltration in Renal cell carcinoma still remain elucidative. Methods Unsupervised consensus clustering was conducted on the TCGA cohorts for metabolic classification. GESA, mRNAsi, prognosis, clinical features, mutation load, immune infiltration and differentially expressed gene differences among different clusters were compared. The prognosis model and nomograms were constructed based on metabolic gene signatures and verified using external ICGC datasets. Immunohistochemical results from Human Protein Atlas database and Tongji hospital were used to validate gene expression levels in normal tissues and tumor samples. CCK8, apoptosis analysis, qPCR, subcutaneously implanted murine models and flowcytometry analysis were applied to investigate the roles of ACAA2 in tumor progression and anti-tumor immunity. Results Renal cell carcinoma was classified into 3 metabolic subclusters and the subcluster with low metabolic profiles displayed the poorest prognosis, highest invasiveness and AJCC grade, enhanced immune infiltration but suppressive immunophenotypes. ACAA2, ACAT1, ASRGL1, AKR1B10, ABCC2, ANGPTL4 were identified to construct the 6 gene-signature prognosis model and verified both internally and externally with ICGC cohorts. ACAA2 was demonstrated as a tumor suppressor and was associated with higher immune infiltration and elevated PD-1 expression of CD8+ T cells. Conclusions Our research proposed a new metabolic classification method for RCC and revealed intrinsic associations between metabolic phenotypes and immune profiles. The identified gene signatures might serve as key factors bridging tumor metabolism and tumor immunity and warrant further in-depth investigations.

Context: Several recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported on the survival benefits of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) compared to standard-of-care (SOC) treatment (enzalutamide, abiraterone, or docetaxel) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, there is a limited integrated analysis of high-quality evidence comparing the efficacy and safety of PARPi and SOC treatments in this context. Objective: This study aims to comprehensively analyze the survival benefits and adverse events associated with PARPi and SOC treatments through a head-to-head meta-analysis in mCRPC. Evidence acquisition: A systematic review search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Clinical trials, and the Central Cochrane Registry in July 2023. RCTs were assessed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The systematic review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023441034). Evidence synthesis: A total of 8 studies, encompassing 2341 cases in the PARPi treatment arm and 1810 cases in the controlled arm, were included in the qualitative synthesis. The hazard ratio (HR) for radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS) were 0.74 (95% CI, 0.61–0.90) and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.80–0.99), respectively, in the intention-to-treatment patients. For subgroup analysis, HRs for rPFS and OS in the BRCA-mutated subgroup were 0.39 (95% CI, 0.28–0.55) and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.38–0.99), while in the HRR-mutated subgroup, HR for rPFS was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.48–0.69) and for OS was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.64–0.93). The odds ratio (OR) for all grades of adverse events (AEs) and AEs with severity of at least grade 3 were 3.86 (95% CI, 2.53–5.90) and 2.30 (95% CI, 1.63–3.26), respectively. Conclusions: PARP inhibitors demonstrate greater effectiveness than SOC treatments in HRR/BRCA-positive patients with mCRPC. Further research is required to explore ways to reduce adverse event rates and investigate the efficacy of HRR/BRCA-negative patients.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is considered to be related to the worse prognosis, which might in part be attributed to the early recurrence and metastasis, compared with other type of kidney cancer. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between production of oxidants and antioxidant defense. Accumulative studies have indicated that oxidative stress genes contribute to the tumor invasion, metastasis and drug sensitivity. However, the biological functions of oxidative stress genes in ccRCC remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified 1,399 oxidative stress genes from GeneCards with a relevance score ≥7. Data for analysis were accessed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database, and were utilized as training set and validation set respectively. Univariate Cox analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression and multivariate Cox were employed to construct a prognostic signature in ccRCC. Finally, a prognostic signature including four different oxidative stress genes was constructed from 1,399 genes, and its predictive performance was verified through Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Interestingly, we found that there was significant correlation between the expression of oxidative stress genes and the immune infiltration and the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutics. Moreover, the highest hazard ratio gene urocortin (UCN) was chosen for further study; some necessary vitro experiments proved that the UCN could promote the ability of ccRCC proliferation and migration and contribute to the degree of oxidative stress. In conclusion, it was promising to predict the prognosis of ccRCC through the four oxidative stress genes signature. UCN played oncogenic roles in ccRCC by influencing proliferation and oxidative stress pathway, which was expected to be the novel therapeutic target for ccRCC.

OsPR10a is one of the well known pathogenesis-related genes in rice, and is induced by multiple plant hormones and pathogens. However, the underlying transcriptional regulation mechanisms in response to different signals and their crosstalks are still largely unknown. In order to find new players participated in the activation of OsPR10a, we systematically analyzed the basal expression patterns as well as the expression responses of a 2.5 kb OsPR10a promoter in rice transgenic plants after phytohormone and pathogen stimulations. In agreement with the native gene expression, the OsPR10a promoter can drive glucuronidase (GUS) gene expressing in spots of leaf cells, leaf trichomes, lemmas and paleae, germinating embryos, calli and root tips. The leaf expression of OsPR10a::GUS was dramatically increased upon jasmonic acid (JA) and cytokinin (CK) treatments, or challenges of the pathogen Magnaporthe grisea and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Thus, the OsPR10a promoter reported here can faithfully reflect its native gene expression. The effects of several JA and CK responsive OsWRKY genes on the regulation of OsPR10a promoter were then inspected by luciferase transient expression assay, and the JA inducible OsWRKY10 transcription factor was found as a new positive regulator of OsPR10a. However, the key transcription factors of JA and CK signaling pathways, OsMYC2 and B-type response regulators, were not responsible for the activation of OsPR10a promoter. Our findings provided new insights into the regulation of OsPR10a expression during plant-hormone/pathogen interactions, and the OsPR10a reporter system can be useful to unravel novel regulators from both pathogen and host.

In addition to the rhizobia, other non-rhizobial endophytes (NREs) have been simultaneously isolated from the root nodules. The existence of NREs in leguminous root nodules is a universal phenomenon, and they have the potential to enhance legume survival, especially under conditions of environmental stress. However, the diversity and biogeographic patterns of microbial communities inhabiting root nodules are not well studied or understood. Here, we explored and characterized the diversity of NRE bacteria by using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Additionally, we compared the biogeography and co-occurrence patterns in review of the bacterial microbiota inhabiting the rhizosphere, the bulk soil and the root nodule bacterial communities associated with Sophora davidii, a native N-fixing wild leguminous shrub in hilly and gully regions of the Loess Plateau of China. The results showed the presence of a large diversity of bacteria belonging to 81 phyla, 154 classes, 333 orders, 463 families, and 732 genera inside the nodules. Proteobacteria were dominant in the nodule and rhizosphere soil samples, and Actinomycetes were dominant in the bulk soil samples. Mesorhizobium was the dominant genus in the nodules, accounting for between 60.15 and 83.74% of the bacteria. The microbial community composition of the NRE in the root nodules differed from that in the rhizosphere soil and the bulk soil of S. davidii. Moreover, we found that the biogeographic patterns and assembly process of the rhizobia and non-rhizobia communities differed in the root nodule, the rhizosphere soil and the bulk soil. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between the soil’s physical and chemical properties and the bacteria showed that available phosphorus was the predominant factor affecting the bacterial diversity within the rhizosphere soil. Finally, our results revealed that the microbial network diagram of co-occurrence patterns showed more complexes in the soil than in the root nodules. This indicates that only specific microorganisms could colonize and thrive in the rhizosphere through the selection and filtering effects of roots. In conclusion, there are significant differences in bacterial community composition in the nodules, rhizosphere and bulk soil in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau, which is the result of environmental filtration. Our study improves the understanding of the biogeographic patterns and diversity of bacterial microbiota inhabiting root nodules and can help quantify and define the root nodule assemblage process of S. davidii.

In the context of open innovation, the diversification of external innovation resources makes more and more enterprises choose to obtain new knowledge from the outside and search for external knowledge, so as to achieve the purpose of enterprise innovation and development, improve quality and increase efficiency. This paper discusses the different influences of the multidimensional spatial structure of external knowledge search on corporate financial performance and innovation performance. Through the empirical analysis of the knowledge search data of 2053 Chinese manufacturing listed companies, it is found that different external knowledge search structures have different effects on corporate performance. Compared with the three-dimensional development search structure, exploratory search in any dimension is not conducive to the improvement of corporate financial performance and innovation performance.

To explore the strength change law and solidification mechanism of cement solidified heavy metal lead and chromium contaminated soil, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) were used for solidification/stabilization treatment. Through the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the leaching toxicity test, the microscopic characteristics of the cement type, the cement content, the ion type, the ion concentration, and the age and their influence law on the strength characteristics of heavy metal contaminated soil were obtained. The UCS test shows that the compressive strength increases with the cement content and age. When OPC and MPC were used to solidify lead and chromium heavy metal contaminated soil, the compressive strength of OPC was greater than that of MPC, and when the curing age was 28 days, 20% of OPC and MPC satisfied the landfill requirements. The leaching toxicity test showed that after the solidification/stabilization of heavy metal lead and chromium contaminated soil by OPC and MPC, the leaching content of lead ions in the leaching solution conforms to the national limit. For chromium contaminated soil, the concentration was less than or equal to 5000mg/kg, which conform to the limit standard. When the concentration was 10000mg/kg, the content exceeded the limit. Therefore, heavy metal lead contaminated soil is more easily stabilized than chromium contaminated soil. Microscopic tests show that OPC solidified heavy metal contaminated soil is solidified/stabilized by heavy metal ions through hydration products, namely, ettringite and amorphous cementing materials. MPC is obtained by the hydration reaction of magnesium oxide and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to form struvite, and heavy metal ions are encapsulated in the lattice to achieve solidification/stabilization.

Based on the instability and failure of granite residual soil slope, this paper will introduce the stability of granite residual soil slope from theoretical research, indoor and outdoor simulation tests, and numerical analysis. Based on the review of previous work and the latest research results, the stability analysis of granite residual soil slope is discussed, and the main influencing factors of granite residual soil slope instability are summarized. The main factors are: its own disintegration property; The degree of microcracks in its internal structure.

The deep-sea robot is very useful in deep sea engineering. Based on a comparison and analysis of current deep-sea robots, this paper proposes a novel concept for a deep-sea walking-swimming robot, the purpose of which is to swim extensively in the sea and walk stably on the seafloor. The overall proposal, specifications and characteristics of the deep-sea walking-swimming robot are introduced. After an analysis of its environment and function characteristics,such key techniques as the regulation of the robot's walking/swimming attitude, cooperative current anti-turbulence of multi-legs and multi-joints, path planning for low energy consumption, dynamic seal of deep-sea joints and integration and optimization of the overall design are presented, showing that it is quite different from traditional underwater and multi-foot robots. Finally, the research progress of the above-mentioned techniques is also presented.

In view of the problem of insufficient storage capacity of the original landfill site, it is a very economical and effective way to use the horizontal, longitudinal and composite extension of garbage dam with geotextile reinforced earth dam. In this paper, the types of garbage dam, dam extension technology, dam reinforcement method and stability of garbage dam are introduced and discusses the types and advantages and disadvantages of dam retaining, the construction technology of dam retaining, the stability analysis and influencing factors of garbage dam retaining and the safety monitoring of dam body.