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Birds are excellent indicators of ecosystems and environmental conditions because they are responsive to habitat change and have important ecological functions. When birds are dependent on habitat functioning in specific ways, the population trends of birds can provide insights into ecosystem function. We conducted monthly bird surveys and monitored birds in Maofeng Mountain Forest Park from November 2020 to March 2022 by combining line transect and camera-trapping methods. These results help estimate bird community structure, bird diversity, and habitat influence. The study area was divided into three types of habitat according to vegetation type and human interference. In addition, 6 line-transects and 30 infrared cameras were used in this study. A total of 2,253 independent images were collected with up to 3,561 camera days during the study period. A total of 143 bird species belonging to 16 orders and 46 families were recorded in this study. Among these species, 18 are second-class national protected species, eight are listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, and 10 are key protected wild animals in Guangdong Province. Pycnonotus jocosus, Pycnonotus aurigaster, Alcippe morrisonia, and Zosterops simplex were the dominant species in forest parks. Accipiter trivirgatus, Pitta nympha, Garrulax canorus, and Lophura nycthemera, which are rare and threatened species, were found in the forest park. Based on the residential habitats of these species, the dominant 80 species (proportion:55.94％) were in the Oriental biogeographical realm. The widespread species and the Palaearctic species had 32 (proportion: 22.38%) and 31 species (proportion: 21.68%), respectively. Ninety species of resident birds were dominant among all types of birds in the forest park. The main ecological type, with 132 species, was forest birds. In terms of eating types, most birds were insectivorous and omnivorous, with 67 species (proportion: 46.85%) and 46 species (proportion: 32.17%), respectively, suggesting that Maofeng Mountain Forest Park is an important site for forest bird communities. In terms of habitats, we also found that the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and Margalef index of birds were highest in forest habitats and lowest in road habitats. The Pielou evenness index of birds showed no significant differences among the habitats. In terms of seasons, the Shannon-Wiener and Margalef indices of birds were highest in spring and lowest in summer. Nevertheless, the Pielou evenness and Simpson indices of birds were not significantly different among the four seasons. The Pielou evenness index was similar to the Simpson index. Moreover, a general linear mixed model was used for the analysis, which showed that the richness and abundance index of birds were significantly correlated with changes in habitats and seasons. In summary, there were different kinds of habitats, abundant forest bird resources, stable bird community structures, and high bird diversity in Maofeng Mountain Forest Park. Birds with a more stable structure and higher diversity in the forest habitat imply that decreased human interference promotes bird inhabitation. This study provides basic data for biodiversity monitoring and assessment in Maofeng Mountain Forest Park and its surrounding forests.

In recent years, the use of corn DDGS has alleviated the problem of protein feed shortages to a certain extent; however, its high mycotoxin content seriously restricts its application in feedstuffs. In this study, the conditions of solid-state fermented corn DDGS were optimized to investigate changes in the nutrient composition of solid-state fermented corn DDGS and their effects on the growth performance and histological section of yellow-feathered broilers. The optimal strain ratio for solid-state fermentation was determined by orthogonal testing as 1:1:2 for B. desmois JA3: B. subtilis ANSB01G: and B. subtilis ANSB060, and the response value was the score of the degradation rate of Deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) weighted by 4:4:2. Optimal conditions for the solid-state fermentation of maize DDGS were determined by B-Behnken response surface design: the inoculum amount was 1%, the feed to liquid ratio was 1:1.25, the fermentation temperature was 37°C, and the fermentation time was 29.5 h. The optimal conditions for solid-state fermentation of maize DDGS were as follows: the inoculum amount was 1%, the material-liquid ratio was 1:1.25, the fermentation temperature was 37°C, the fermentation time was 29.5h, and the degradation rates of DON, ZEN, and AFB1 in the fermented maize DDGS were 81.6%, 55.18%, and 41.14%, respectively. Moreover, solid-state fermentation significantly improved the nutrient content, in which the amounts of amino acids, crude ash, and crude fat were significantly increased (P < 0.05) and the content of crude fiber was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber increased significantly (P < 0.05); in addition, compared with the control group, the addition of fermented maize DDGS significantly increased the daily calorific intake of broiler chickens, the daily weight gain (P < 0.05); heart, liver and intestinal tissues underwent no obvious pathological changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under illumination by 405, 520 and 655 nm monochromatic visible light (light intensity of 30 kW/m2), large photostriction (ΔL/L) of 0.19%, 0.13% and 0.26% for 67BiFeO3-33BaTiO3(67BF-33BT) lead-free ferroelectric ceramics are obtained, respectively. By studying the ferroelectric and photoelectric properties in conjunction with in situ Raman spectroscopy, it is found that the photostrictive effect of 67BF-33BT is not caused by the electrical strain induced by abnormal photovoltaic voltage, but related to the optical induced oxygen octahedral distortion. The 67BF-33BT lead-free ferroelectric material with excellent photostrictive response in the visible light region is expected to play an important role in the field of optical drive electromechanical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AgNbO3 is a typical antiferroelectric ceramic with weak ferroelectricity at room temperature. Due to this feature, AgNbO3 has received a lot of attention in electromechanical applications, but most of these studies have focused on the doping of other elements in AgNbO3. In this study, curved AgNbO3 ceramics were fabricated using a gravity-driven annealing process, and the field-induced strains were investigated. The curved ceramic exhibited a significantly higher field-induced nominal strain compared to a flat ceramic. Experimental results revealed that the curved AgNbO3 sample exhibited a maximum nominal strain of 1.22%, significantly surpassing the theoretical value of 0.13%. Analysis of various characterizations confirmed the presence of flexoelectricity, and flexoelectricity played an important role in the ultrahigh electromechanical response of curved AgNbO3 ceramics. Additionally, we demonstrated that curved AgNbO3 ceramics can enhance the flexoelectric coefficient. These findings suggest that curved antiferroelectric ceramics can enhance their displacement output, meeting the requirements for applications in large-strain actuators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]