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Nanomaterials (NMs) have found extensive applications in the realm of ornamental plants due to their unique properties. This article comprehensively discusses four main aspects of NM utilization in ornamental plants: 1) providing new insights into challenging problems in tissue culture, 2) exploring their regulatory effects on the growth of ornamental plants, 3) enhancing the resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, and 4) discussing their widespread application and mechanisms in cut flower harvesting. Furthermore, potential issues and future directions are explored, providing a deeper theoretical basis for the application of novel NMs in the realm of ornamental plants.

To establish a rapid detection method for norovirus GII.2 genotype, this study employed reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) combined with CRISPR/Cas12a and lateral flow strip (RT-RPA-Cas12a-LFS). Here, the genome of norovirus GII.2 genotype was compared to identify highly conserved sequences, facilitating the design of RT-RPA primers and crRNA specific to the conserved regions of norovirus GII.2. Subsequently, the reaction parameters of RT-RPA were optimized and evaluated using agar-gel electrophoresis and LFS. The results indicate that the conserved sequences of norovirus GII.2 were successfully amplified through RT-RPA at 37°C for 25 minutes. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated cleavage detection was achieved through LFS at 37°C within 10 minutes using the amplification products as templates. Including the isothermal amplification reaction time, the total time is 35 minutes. The established RT-RPA-Cas12a-LFS method demonstrated specific detection of norovirus GII.2, yielding negative results for other viral genomes, and exhibited an excellent detection limit of 10 copies/μl. The RT-RPA-Cas12a-LFS method was further compared with qRT-PCR by analyzing 60 food-contaminated samples. The positive conformity rate was 100%, the negative conformity rate was 95.45%, and the overall conformity rate reached 98.33%. This detection method for norovirus GII.2 genotype is cost-effective, highly sensitive, specific, and easy to operate, offering a promising technical solution for field-based detection of the norovirus GII.2 genotype.

Sweet syndrome (SS), also known as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is an independent severe disease. Reactive dermatosis characterized by neutrophil infiltration, which involves the lung is extremely rare. This paper summarized the Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing measures of a patient with Lung adenocarcinoma and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis complicated with Sweet syndrome. The nursing mode of traditional Chinese medicine was adopted, and the characteristic technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine was guided by the method of “cultivating soil and producing gold”, in order to improve the nurse awareness of Sweet syndrome and related nursing management. (Sweet 综合征是以中性粒细胞浸润为特征的反应性皮肤病, 临床少见, 缺乏治疗和护理经验。本文总结1例肺腺癌及肺间质纤维化合并Sweet综合征患者的中医护理经验, 包括中医跨学科护理模式、基于“培土生金法”理论的中医特色护理技术等, 以提高广大护理人员对Sweet 综合征的认知。)

This study investigated the effects of nano zero-valent iron-modified biochar (nZVI@BC) as a soil amendment on potted rice growth, soil properties, and heavy metal dynamics. Seven treatments with varying amounts of soil conditioner, biochar, and nZVI@BC were applied to potted rice. Results showed that nZVI@BC application significantly improved rice agronomic traits, with the 15 g·kg−1 treatment increasing the panicle formation rate by 15% and 100-grain weight by 8% compared to the control. Soil fertility was enhanced, with available phosphorus increasing from 137 to 281 mg·kg−1 in the most effective treatment. Heavy metal analysis revealed that nZVI@BC application did not increase soil heavy metal content, with Cd levels remaining below 0.3 mg·kg−1 across treatments. Notably, the 10 g·kg−1 nZVI@BC treatment showed potential for slight Cd immobilization, reducing its concentration from 0.32 to 0.26 mg·kg−1. Microbial community analysis showed that nZVI@BC altered soil microbial diversity and composition, with the 10 g·kg−1 treatment resulting in the highest fungal diversity (Chao1 index: 294.219). The relative abundance of the beneficial fungal class Agaricomycetes increased from 40% to 55% with optimal nZVI@BC application. These findings suggest that nZVI@BC has potential as an effective soil amendment for improving rice cultivation while maintaining soil health, microbial diversity, and potentially mitigating heavy metal contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal contamination in drinking water is well known; however, detailed insights into the metals/metalloids in finished water and their health effects are lacking. Water samples collected over four seasons from August 2022 to April 2023 from three locations in the Yangtze River basin in Nanjing were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to detect 33 metal/metalloid types. This study assessed seasonal and spatial variations and evaluated the removal efficiencies of advanced treatment processes. Health risks from metal/metalloid ingestion were calculated using a risk assessment model from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). No significant regional differences in total metal/metalloid concentrations were found between the source and finished waters. Metals such as Cr, Ga, Hg, Pb, and Rb varied seasonally, peaking in winter. The advanced treatment process outperformed the conventional process for As removal. However, the removal efficiencies were lower for Mn, Cd, Hg, Se, and Zn than those of the conventional process. Positive correlations were observed among several metals, suggesting that metals may have similar sources of contamination. The main carcinogenic risk exceeded the acceptable levels in children according to the USEPA. Non-carcinogenic risks were below the threshold values, but As, Tl, and V were highlighted as key risk elements. Seasonal changes markedly influenced metal/metalloid concentrations and distributions in water, necessitating risk management focused on arsenic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flowering time and maturity are crucial agronomic traits that affect the regional adaptability of soybean plants. The development of soybean cultivars with early maturity adapted to longer days and colder climates of high latitudes is very important for ensuring normal ripening before frost begins. FUL belongs to the MADS‐box transcription factor family and has several duplicated members in soybeans. In this study, we observed that overexpression of GmFULc in the Dongnong 50 cultivar promoted soybean maturity, while GmFULc knockout mutants exhibited late maturity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP‐seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) revealed that GmFULc could bind to the CArG, bHLH and homeobox motifs. Further investigation revealed that GmFULc could directly bind to the CArG motif in the promoters of the GmZTL3 and GmZTL4 genes. Overexpression of GmZTL4 promoted soybean maturity, whereas the ztl4 mutants exhibited delayed maturity. Moreover, we found that the cis element box 4 motif of the GmZTL4 promoter, a motif of light response elements, played an important role in controlling the growth period. Deletion of this motif shortened the growth period by increasing the expression levels of GmZTL4. Functional investigations revealed that short‐day treatment promoted the binding of GmFULc to the promoter of GmZTL4 and inhibited the expression of E1 and E1Lb, ultimately resulting in the promotion of flowering and early maturation. Taken together, these findings suggest a novel photoperiod regulatory pathway in which GmFULc directly activates GmZTL4 to promote earlier maturity in soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The male sterile line of soybean is crucial for hybrid seed production, and has allowed significant advancements in soybean germplasm innovation and yield increase in China. In this study, we created two bulks of sterile plants and collected a natural population consisting of 100 elite soybean germplasms. There were significant phenotypic differences between the sterile and natural populations resulting from flowers and pods. The sterile plants exhibited fleshy spherical pods and large black‐green leaves in the maturity stage, while the leaves of the fertile plants fell off. After I2‐KI staining, the pollen of the sterile line turned light brown and yellow, while the pollen of the fertile line turned black. On the basis of the SNP sequencing results, the sterility genes were located on eight chromosomes. Additionally, they were fine‐mapped to 13 regions on six chromosomes using 72 pairs of SSR markers. Five genes involved in auxin response and pollen development were predicted as candidate genes underlying soybean sterility. These candidate genes for soybean sterility will help with gene cloning and functional analysis and accelerate the widespread use of hybrid seed production and yield increase in soybean grown in cool regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], an essential staple food and oil crop worldwide, boasts abundant vegetable proteins and fats beneficial for both human and animal consumption. However, the soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella) (SPB) stands as the most destructive soybean insect pest in northeast China and other northeastern Asian regions, leading to significant annual losses in soybean yield and economic burden. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the introduction of a previously tested codon-optimized cry1c gene, cry1c*, into the soybean genome and assess its effect on the SPB infestation by generating and characterizing stable transgenic soybeans overexpressing cry1c*. The transgenic soybean lines that constitutively overexpressed cry1c* exhibited a significant reduction in the percentage of damaged seeds, reaching as low as 5% in plants under field conditions. Additionally, feeding transgenic leaves to the larvae of S. exigua, S. litura, and M. separta resulted in inhibited larval growth, decreased larval body weight, and lower survival rates compared to larvae fed on wild-type leaves. These findings showed that the transgenic lines maintained their resistance to SPB and other lepidopteran pests, especially the transgenic line KC1. Southern blotting and genome-wide resequencing analysis revealed that T-DNA integration occurred as a single copy between loci 50,868,122 and 50,868,123 of chromosome 10 in the transgenic line KC1. Therefore, the transgenic line KC1, overexpressing high levels of cry1c* in leaves and seeds, holds strong potential for commercial use in the integrated management of SPB and other lepidopteran pests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dummy fill is introduced into sparse regions of a VLSI layout toequalize the spatial density of the layout, improving uniformity ofchemical-mechanical planarization (CMP). It is now well-known that dummy fillinsertion for CMP uniformity changes the backend flow with respect to layout,parasitic extraction and performance analysis. Of equal import is dummyfill's impact on layout data volume and the manufacturing handoff. For futuremask and foundry flows, as well as potential maskless (direct-write)applications, dummy fill layout data must be compressed at factors of 25 orgreater. In this work, we propose and assess a number of lossless and lossycompression algorithms for dummy fill. Our methods are based on the buildingblocks of JBIG approaches - arithmetic coding, soft pattern matching, patternmatching and substitution, etc. We observe that the fill compression problemhas a unique "one-sided" characteristic; we propose a technique of achievingone-sided loss by solving an asymmetric cover problem that is of independentinterest. Our methods achieve substantial improvements over commercial binaryimage compression tools especially as fill data size becomes large.Pre-2018 CSE ID: CS2002-0709

The value of a novel soybean male-sterile mutation msLC01 in breeding practice was determined by its outcrossing properties. Then, the effects of different planting arrangements on the pod set characteristics of male-sterile plants were assessed by using orthogonal experiments at two sites. At the same time, the effects of msLC01 male sterility on other traits were assessed in two C2F2 populations. In addition, the nectar secretion and natural outcross of male-sterile plants from four msLC01 lines were compared with one ms1 line and one ms6 line. The results of the orthogonal experiment showed that the pod numbers and pod set rates of male-sterile plants were decisively different between the two experimental sites but not between the two levels of the other factors. Both increasing the ratio of paternal parent to maternal parent and planting the parental seeds in a mixed way, the proportion of seeds pollinated by the target parent pollen could be increased. Except for the pod number per plant trait, there was no significant difference between male-sterile plants and their fertile siblings. The amount of nectar significantly differed among the lines. Compared with ms1 and ms6 male-sterile plants, the four msLC01 lines possessed significantly more or similar numbers of pod sets. The results of this study lay a foundation for the future use of this mutant in soybean breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]