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The study aimed to explore an extra-articular screw placement strategy in Stoppa approach. Radiographic data of patients who underwent pelvic computed tomography from January 2016 to June 2017 were imported into Materiaise's interactive medical image control system software for three-dimensional reconstruction. Superior and lower margins of acetabulum and ipsilateral pelvic brim could be observed simultaneously through inlet-obturator view. A horizontal line from superior acetabular margin intersected pelvic brim at point "A" and another vertical line from lower margin intersected pelvic brim at point "B" were drawn, respectively. Lengths form sacroiliac joint to "A" (a), "A" to "B" (b), and "B" to pubic symphysis (c) were measured. Patients were divided into four groups depending on gender and side difference of measured hemi-pelvis: male left, male right, female left, and female right. Lengths of adjacent holes (d) and spanning different holes (e) of different plates were also measured. Mean lengths of a, b, c in four groups were 40.94 ± 1.85 mm, 40.09 ± 1.93 mm, 41.78 ± 3.62 mm, and 39.77 ± 2.23 mm (P = 0.078); 40.65 ± 1.58 mm, 41.48 ± 1.64 mm, 40.40 ± 1.96 mm, and 40.66 ± 1.70 mm (P = 0.265); 57.03 ± 3.41 mm, 57.51 ± 3.71 mm, 57.84 ± 4.40 mm, and 59.84 ± 4.35 mm (P = 0.165), respectively. Mean d length of different plates was 12.23 mm. Average lengths spanning 1, 2, 3 and 4 holes were 19.33 mm, 31.58 mm, 43.80 mm, and 55.93 mm. Our data showed that zones a and c could be safely inserted three and four screws. Penetration into hip joint could be avoided when vacant 3-hole drilling was conducted in zone b. Fracture line in zone b could serve as a landmark for screw placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A determination method for metalaxyl(MEL) residues in watermelon and banana had been established by automated solid-phase extraction(SPE) coupled with high performance liquid hromatography(HPLC). Samples were extracted by acetonitrile, homogenized, filtrated, extracted by automated solid-phase extraction(SPE), and finally purified by C18 column. The experiment was carried on SunFireTM C18 column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-methanol(25:40:35, by vol) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength and injection volume were set at 220 nm and 10 uL, respectively. The recoveries of three different concentrations(0.02, 0.20, 1.00 mg/kg) for watermelon and banana were 94.3%-101.0% and 81.5%-99.6%, respectively. RSD(n = 5)were 1.30%-5.29% and 2.66%-6.67%, respectively. The lower detection limit for metalaxyl was 0.006 mg/kg. This method met with the requirements of pesticide residue detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The ghost moth, Thitarodes sp., is an obligate host of the most precious fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis on Tibetan plateau. Artificial rearing of the ghost moth at low-altitude laboratory by mimicking the environment of the wild habitat for the cultivation of the Chinese cordyceps has been realized. However, the high mortality of ghost moth larvae by pathogens, low and slow infection, and mummification rate by O. sinensis still constrain the efficient cultivation of the Chinese cordyceps. Both larval gut microbiota and their exploitation in the Thitarodes artificial rearing system have attracted a renewed interest. In the present study, the gut bacterial and fungal communities of the wild and laboratory-reared populations were characterized using both culture-dependent and -independent approaches. The discovery of apparent microbial community shifts between the wild and laboratory-reared ghost moth larvae, many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the gut of the laboratory-reared ghost moth larvae, and the dominant bacteria enriched in the wild ghost moth provide interesting cues for selecting beneficial probiotic bacteria to improve the effectiveness of Thitarodes rearing system and the cultivation of the Chinese cordyceps. By employing a culture-dependent and -independent 16S rRNA and ITS gene high-throughput sequencing analyses, comprehensive information was obtained on the gut bacterial and fungal communities in the ghost moth larvae of three different geographic locations from high-altitude on Tibet plateau and from low-altitude laboratory. Twenty-six culturable bacterial species belonging to 21 genera and 14 fungal species belonging to 12 genera were identified from six populations by culture-dependent method. Carnobacterium maltaromaticum was the most abundant bacterial species from both the wild and laboratory-reared larvae. The most abundant OTUs in the wild ghost moth populations were Carnobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae for bacteria, and Ascomycota and Basidiomycota for fungi. Larval microbial communities of the wild ghost moth from different geographic locations were not significantly different from each other but significant difference in larval microbial community was detected between the wild and laboratory-reared ghost moth. The larval gut of the wild ghost moth was dominated by the culturable Carnobacterium. However, that of the laboratory-reared ghost moth exhibited significantly abundant Wolbachia, Rhizobium, Serratia, Pseudomonas, and Flavobacterium. Furthermore, the larval gut of the wild ghost moth had a significantly higher abundance of Ophiocordyceps but lower abundance of Candida and Aspergillus than that of the laboratory-reared ghost moth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liu, C.; Chen, D.; Zheng, X., and Zheng, A., 2019. The content and distribution of nitrogen in nature colloids from Jiulongjiang River. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 70–76. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The content, distribution and seasonal variations of nitrogen in nature colloids were examined in surface waters of south Xiamen Bay, Jiulongjiang River estuary and Jiulongjiang River of China. Water samples were fractionated into total dissolved (< 0.2 µm), colloidal (10 kDa-0.2 µm) and truly dissolved (< 10 kDa) phases with the cross-flow ultrafiltration system. Results showed that average concentrations of different nitrogen species in truly dissolved phase were evidently higher than those in colloidal phase, and concentrations of NO2-, NO3-, NH4+, TN, TIN, and ON were 52, 238, 18, 9, 39 and 3 times higher respectively. In addition, NO3- was the most abundant inorganic species and was 11-28 times as high as NH4+ and NO2- in truly dissolved phase, but 2-15 times as high as NH4+ and NO2- in colloidal phase. NO2-, NO3-, NH4+, TN, and TIN in truly dissolved phase make up 77.2%-100.0% of that in total dissolver phase while those of colloidal phase make up only 0-19.0%; ON contents in truly dissolved phase made up 42.2%-69.3% of that in total dissolved phase while those of the colloidal phase made up 30.7%-57.9% of them. This indicated that IN species were distributed mainly in truly dissolved phase (< 10 kDa) in natural aquatic environments, and ON was distributed mainly in colloidal phase (10 kDa-0.22 µm). It was also found that the seasonal variations of all N species in truly dissolved phase was similar to that of total dissolved phase in all waters from different sources. There was slight variation of NO2- and NH4+ with season. The NO3- was highest in April and March and lowest in August and November. The seasonal variation of ON was related to the water sources. The contents of all N species in both dissolved phase and truly dissolved phase decreased from river to sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liu, C.; Chen, D.; Zheng, X., and Zheng, A., 2019. The content and distribution of nitrogen in nature colloids from Jiulongjiang River. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 70–76. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The content, distribution and seasonal variations of nitrogen in nature colloids were examined in surface waters of south Xiamen Bay, Jiulongjiang River estuary and Jiulongjiang River of China. Water samples were fractionated into total dissolved (< 0.2 µm), colloidal (10 kDa-0.2 µm) and truly dissolved (< 10 kDa) phases with the cross-flow ultrafiltration system. Results showed that average concentrations of different nitrogen species in truly dissolved phase were evidently higher than those in colloidal phase, and concentrations of NO2-, NO3-, NH4+, TN, TIN, and ON were 52, 238, 18, 9, 39 and 3 times higher respectively. In addition, NO3- was the most abundant inorganic species and was 11-28 times as high as NH4+ and NO2- in truly dissolved phase, but 2-15 times as high as NH4+ and NO2- in colloidal phase. NO2-, NO3-, NH4+, TN, and TIN in truly dissolved phase make up 77.2%-100.0% of that in total dissolver phase while those of colloidal phase make up only 0-19.0%; ON contents in truly dissolved phase made up 42.2%-69.3% of that in total dissolved phase while those of the colloidal phase made up 30.7%-57.9% of them. This indicated that IN species were distributed mainly in truly dissolved phase (< 10 kDa) in natural aquatic environments, and ON was distributed mainly in colloidal phase (10 kDa-0.22 µm). It was also found that the seasonal variations of all N species in truly dissolved phase was similar to that of total dissolved phase in all waters from different sources. There was slight variation of NO2- and NH4+ with season. The NO3- was highest in April and March and lowest in August and November. The seasonal variation of ON was related to the water sources. The contents of all N species in both dissolved phase and truly dissolved phase decreased from river to sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. K-wire with tension band (KTB) technique has long been the primary surgical method for transverse patella fractures; however, it also has shortcomings. This study is aimed at evaluating the three different techniques to see whether the cannulated screw tension band (CSTB) or ring pin tension band (RPTB) techniques could decrease complications and achieve better knee function compared with KTB. Methods. We conducted a retrospective comparison of the KTB, CSTB, and RPTB fixation techniques. We selected and reviewed 90 patients (30 patients in each fixation group) with follow-up at least 2 years. Duration of operation, intraoperative blood loss, mean healing time, visual analog scale score, range of motion, Böstman score, Iowa knee score, modified Lysholm rating scale, and postoperative complications were compared. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors for fracture healing time, postoperative complications, and knee function recovery. Results. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate regression analysis revealed that CSTB was 0.26 times (95% CI: 0.08-0.86, p = 0.027) less likely to prolong fracture healing time, 0.20 times (95% CI: 0.06-0.64, p = 0.007) lesser risk of postoperative complications, and more than four times (95% CI: 1.41-13.56, p = 0.011) as likely to improve the knee function score compared with KTB. Besides, RPTB were also superior to KTB in reducing the incidence of postoperative complications (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07-0.64, p = 0.006) and improved knee function score (OR: 3.96, 95% CI: 1.30-12.08, p = 0.016); however, the CSTB group being more superior. In addition, AO/OTA C2 fractures (OR, odds ratio: 10.68, 95% CI: 1.30-87.70, p = 0.027) and high-energy fracture (OR: 8.78, 95% CI: 1.57-49.17, p = 0.013) were also associated with prolonged fracture healing time but not with postoperative complications and knee function. No significant differences in related indicators such as gender, age, BMI, AO/OTA classification, fracture side, injury mechanism, duration of operation, and intraoperative blood loss were detected among the three groups. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that the CSTB technique is superior to KTB and RPTB techniques in reducing the incidence of postoperative complications, and it also has advantages in accelerating fracture healing, achieving better VAS, ROM, and functional recovery. Further long-term large-sized prospective randomized trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of the KTB in treating transverse patellar fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we successfully estimated the apparent activation energy of a microbially driven oxygen-consuming reaction (microbial-driven) based on tracer data. The concept of the apparent chemical reaction rate constant was employed to estimate various thermodynamic parameters associated with the oxygen consumption rate in conjunction with Arrhenius/Eyring equations. Normal Ea values of 80–90 kJ mol−1 were found in the upper layers of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea, while higher Ea values (300–1000 kJ mol−1) were observed in the rapidly ventilated Mediterranean Sea, the Sea of Japan, and the Bering Sea with lower temperatures. We classified the characteristics of typical sea basins into four categories. The temperature-dependent oxygen consumption rate relationship in each marine region was systematically calculated to derive the respective thermodynamic characteristic values. This allowed us to parameterize the rate-temperature relationship into thermodynamic quantities, enabling more effective integration of distinct basin characteristics within different sea areas into the marine biochemical model. Parameterization facilitates relatively accurate prediction of changes such as temperature, oxygen consumption rate. • Temperature plays a significant role in regulating biochemical reactions. • The concept of the apparent chemical reaction rate constant was employe in conjunction with Arrhenius/Eyring equations. • The respective thermodynamic characteristic values were calculated for the selected basins. • The characteristics of typical sea basins can be classified into four categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ge, H.; Chen, D.; Li, S.; Zheng, A.; Zhu, Z., and Zheng, X., 2019. Determination of Fe, Ti in seawater using a flow-injection pretreatment system with ICP-MS. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 77–82. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In order to solve the interference caused by low metal concentration and salts matrix of seawater samples, this paper present a handy flow- injection system with solid-phase extraction to automate pretreatment procedures for offline Fe and Ti analysis in seawater by ICP-MS. By combining 8-position, 3-way and 6-way valves in the pipeline, the flow-injection system enhance the sample treatment efficiency by simultaneously loading two reagents online for: sample loading, buffering, and preconcentration. Each sample treatment spends about 16 min and consumes 12 mL of seawater sample and 8 mL of buffer solution. The chelation of Toyopearl-AF-Chelate-650M for Fe and Ti occurs in pH5.5 at an injection rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. The eluent (0.8 mol·L-1 HNO3) is able to elute Fe and Ti in 90 s at an elution rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. Seawater sample needs 90 min of 120 W UV-oxidation to dissociate metal-organic complexes. The precision and availability of this method are tested by measuring Jiulongjiang Estuary seawater samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current commercial production of natural astaxanthin is mainly carried out using Haematococcus pluvialis vegetative cells in the "two-stage" batch mode. The motile vegetative cells are more sensitive to stress than nonmotile vegetative cells, thereby affecting the overall astaxanthin productivity in H. pluvialis cultures. In this study, we compared the differences between motile cells and nonmotile cells in astaxanthin productivity, morphological changes, the mortality rate, and the diameter of the formed cysts. The experimental design was achieved by two different types H. pluvialis cell under continuous light of 80 μmol photons m−2 s−1 for a 9-day induction period. The highest astaxanthin concentration of 48.42 ± 3.13 mg L−1 was obtained in the nonmotile cell cultures with the highest the productivity of 5.04 ± 0.15 mg L−1 day−1, which was significantly higher than that in the motile cell cultures. The microscopic examination of cell morphological showed a large number of photooxidative damaged cells occurring in the motile cell cultures, resulting in higher cell mortality rate (22.2 ± 3.97%) than nonmotile cell cultures (9.6 ± 0.63%). In addition, the analysis results of cell diameter statistics indicated that nonmotile cells were more conducive to the formation of large astaxanthin-rich cysts than motile cells. In conclusion, the works presented here suggest that the accumulation of astaxanthin was significantly improved by nonmotile cells of H. pluvialis, which provided a possibility of optimizing the existing H. pluvialis cultivation strategy for the industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ge, H.; Chen, D.; Li, S.; Zheng, A.; Zhu, Z., and Zheng, X., 2019. Determination of Fe, Ti in seawater using a flow-injection pretreatment system with ICP-MS. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 77–82. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In order to solve the interference caused by low metal concentration and salts matrix of seawater samples, this paper present a handy flow- injection system with solid-phase extraction to automate pretreatment procedures for offline Fe and Ti analysis in seawater by ICP-MS. By combining 8-position, 3-way and 6-way valves in the pipeline, the flow-injection system enhance the sample treatment efficiency by simultaneously loading two reagents online for: sample loading, buffering, and preconcentration. Each sample treatment spends about 16 min and consumes 12 mL of seawater sample and 8 mL of buffer solution. The chelation of Toyopearl-AF-Chelate-650M for Fe and Ti occurs in pH5.5 at an injection rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. The eluent (0.8 mol·L-1 HNO3) is able to elute Fe and Ti in 90 s at an elution rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. Seawater sample needs 90 min of 120 W UV-oxidation to dissociate metal-organic complexes. The precision and availability of this method are tested by measuring Jiulongjiang Estuary seawater samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]