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BACKGROUND The non-exercise estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) has been recognized as an important predictor of mortality among the general population. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between eCRF and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer in hypertensive adults. METHODS We included 27,437 adults with hypertension from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and 10 NHANES cycles from 1999 to 2018. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of eCRF for mortality. RESULTS A total of 8,023 deaths were recorded throughout a median 8.6-year follow-up, including 2,338 from CVD, and 1,761 from cancer. The eCRF with per 1 metabolic equivalent increase was linked to decreased risk of all-cause (adjusted HR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.75–0.81) and CVD mortality (adjusted HR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.74–0.84), rather than cancer mortality (adjusted HR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86–1.03). Moreover, a stronger protective effect of eCRF was observed for females (HR 0.66 (95% CI: 0.62–0.72) versus HR 0.78 (95% CI: 0.73–0.83), P interaction < 0.001 for all-cause mortality; HR 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61–0.80;) versus HR 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73–0.92), P interaction = 0.026 for CVD mortality) compared with males. Findings did not significantly differ in subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Among adults with hypertension, eCRF was inversely related to all-cause and CVD mortality, but not cancer mortality. A significant interaction effect existed between sex and eCRF. Further studies are needed to verify this association in different populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The needs for life-long learning and the rapid development of information technologies promote the development of various types of online Community of Practices (CoPs). In online CoPs, bounded rationality and metacognition are two major issues, especially when learners face information overload and there is no knowledge authority within the learning environment. This study proposes a hybrid, trust-based recommender system to mitigate above learning issues in online CoPs. A case study was conducted using Stack Overflow data to test the recommender system. Important findings include: (1) comparing with other social community platforms, learners in online CoPs have stronger social relations and tend to interact with a smaller group of people only; (2) the hybrid algorithm can provide more accurate recommendations than celebrity-based and content-based algorithm and; (3) the proposed recommender system can facilitate the formation of personalized learning communities.

Gaussian-based HF/MP2 and DFT/B3LYP methods have been explored to study the microsolvation of glycine anion with water, [Gly]-[(W).sub.n], and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium glycine ionic liquid (IL) with water, [EMIM][Gly][(W).sub.n], n = 1-6 and 12. The water molecules are either isolated or aggregated around [Gly]-and [EMIM][Gly]. Their electronic structures have been calculated clearly to verify the molecular state of [H.sub.2]O and the results were used to compare with experiments. The water effect on the interaction energies and local packing of [EMIM][Gly] is considered. We identified an important factor: the variation of [EMIM][Gly][(W).sub.n] polarity with the different numbers of [H.sub.2]O. As the amount of [H.sub.2]O increases, the polar network is continuously broken up. The dipole moments are changed to be lowest when the H-bonding ability of [Gly]- is almost saturated. Meanwhile, the nonpolar groups of the cation form an enhanced aggregation. Such observation can provide initial insights for the experimental nanostructural evolution in the IL-water mixtures. Key words: [EMIM][Gly]-[H.sub.2]O, H-bond interaction, vibrational mode, dipole moment. On a explore les possibilites d'utiliser les methodes a bases gaussiennes HF/MP2 ou de la theorie de la fonctionnelle de la densite (TFD), B3LYP, pour etudier la microsolvatation de l'anion glycine par l'eau, [Gly]-(eau)n et du 1-ethyl-3methylimidazolium-glycine ionique liquide, dans l'eau [EMIM][Gly](eau)n, n = 1-6 et 12. Les molecules d'eau peuvent etre isolees ou agregees autour des entites [Gly]-et [EMIM][Gly]. On a clairement calcule les structures electroniques pour verifier l'etat moleculaire du [H.sub.2]O et on a utilise les resultats pour fins de comparaison avec les donnees experimentales. On a considere l'effet de l'eau sur les energies d'interaction et l'empilement local du [EMIM][Gly]. On a identifie un facteur important: la variation de la polarite du [EMIM][Gly](eau)n avec le nombre de molecules d'eau. Lorsque la quantite d'eau augmente, le reseau polaire se brise continuellement. Le moment dipolaire varie d'une valeur minimale quand la capacite de formation de liaison hydrogene de l'entite [Gly]est pratiquement saturee. Par ailleurs, les groupes non polaires du cation forment une agregation mieux organisee. Une telle observation peut nous aidier a mieux planifier revolution nanostructurale experimentale des melanges de liquide ioniques-eau (LI-eau). [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: [EMIM][Gly](eau), interaction avec liaison hydrogene, mode vibrationnel, moment dipolaire., Introduction The research for alternatives to conventional solvents is partly driven by the need for 'green' chemistry and sustainable technology. Moreover, because of the potential for novel synthetic routes and [...]

BackgroundIn this digital era, there is a growing tendency to use the popular Internet site YouTube as a new electronic-learning (e-learning) means for continuing medical education. Heart transplantation (HTx) remains the most viable option for patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease. There are plenty of freely accessible YouTube videos providing medical information about HTx. ObjectiveThe aim of the present study is to determine the effectiveness of YouTube as an e-learning source on HTx. MethodsIn order to carry out this study, YouTube was searched for videos uploaded containing surgical-related information using the four keywords: (1) “heart transplantation”, (2) “cardiac transplantation”, (3) “heart transplantation operation”, and (4) “cardiac transplantation operation”. Only videos in English (with comments or subtitles in English language) were included. Two experienced cardiac surgeons watched each video (N=1800) and classified them as useful, misleading, or recipients videos based on the HTx-relevant information. The kappa statistic was used to measure interobserver variability. Data was analyzed according to six types of YouTube characteristics including “total viewership”, “duration”, “source”, “days since upload”, “scores” given by the viewers, and specialized information contents of the videos. ResultsA total of 342/1800 (19.00%) videos had relevant information about HTx. Of these 342 videos, 215 (62.8%) videos had useful information about specialized knowledge, 7/342 (2.0%) were found to be misleading, and 120/342 (35.1%) only concerned recipients’ individual issues. Useful videos had 56.09% of total viewership share (2,175,845/3,878,890), whereas misleading had 35.47% (1,375,673/3,878,890). Independent user channel videos accounted for a smaller proportion (19% in total numbers) but might have a wider impact on Web viewers, with the highest mean views/day (mean 39, SD 107) among four kinds of channels to distribute HTx-related information. ConclusionsYouTube videos on HTx benefit medical professionals by providing a substantial amount of information. However, it is a time-consuming course to find high-quality videos. More authoritative videos by trusted sources should be posted for dissemination of reliable information. With an improvement of ranking system and content providers in future, YouTube, as a freely accessible outlet, will help to meet the huge informational needs of medical staffs and promote medical education on HTx.