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Objective: Vitamin D is thought to be deficient in patients with bipolar disorder. The purpose of this study is to use latent profile analysis to identify the patterns of vitamin D levels in patients with episodes of bipolar depression, and to examine the relationship among these latent profiles and demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods: A total of 149 patients diagnosed with bipolar depression were selected in Guangzhou, China. Depression was evaluated by Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels tested at baseline and after two weeks of psychiatric treatment were included in the latent profile analysis to identify subgroups. P-trend analysis was used to assess the association between subgroups and depression improvement. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess the influencing factors of subgroups. Results: A three-profiles solution was found to demonstrate the best fit [low-level profile (32.9%), medium-level profile (51.0%), and high-level profile (16.1%)]. There was a significant nonlinear relationship between depression improvement and vitamin D high-level profile, compared to medium-level profile (P for trend <0.05). In multinomial logistic regression analysis, baseline and post-treatment SDS scores, admission season, age, and body mass index significantly affect the profile membership. Conclusions: This study found that individuals with high levels of vitamin D showed a significant improvement in depression severity. However, those with low levels of vitamin D remained deficient, indicating a need for targeted vitamin D supplementation. Our findings may provide valuable insights for designing tailored vitamin D supplement interventions to address vitamin D deficiency in bipolar depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organisations widely adopt external monitoring to regulate employees' cyberloafing, which refers to employees' non-work-related internet usage during work time. Although prior studies have examined the effect of external monitoring on cyberloafing, the underlying mechanisms through which external monitoring affects cyberloafing remain unclear. Drawing on counteractive control theory and the literature on the relationship between external controls and self-control, we investigate how employees' self-control can play an important role in understanding the effect of external monitoring on cyberloafing. Based on a survey of 227 employees, we find that external monitoring promotes employees' self-control motivation, which in turn, decreases their cyberloafing. We further find that the above relationships were contingent upon employees' dispositional self-control capacity. Our study makes contributions by advancing researchers' understanding of how external monitoring affects employees' cyberloafing. Our study also extends the counteractive control theory by introducing the concept of self-control motivation, which is a complementary dimension of self-control capacity. In addition, the findings have important implications for alleviating the potential side effect of external monitoring used in organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attention on customer citizenship behavior (CCB) has increased markedly in recent years for both researchers and practitioners. However, existing research lacks deep understanding of the antecedents of CCB in social commerce, especially from the perspective of seller-consumer interaction relationships. Drawing on complexity theory, this study investigated the impacts of the causal configurations of three types of seller-consumer interaction relationships (experience of parasocial interaction (PSI), social interaction, and parasocial relationship (PSR)) on CCB in social commerce. To test this proposition, this study adopted fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) on a sample of 380 experienced social commerce consumers. Our findings indicate that the combination of social interaction and PSR leads to a high CCB among social commerce consumers. Moreover, borrowing from social exchange theory, we further employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to reanalyze the research data. The PLS-SEM results are consistent with the fsQCA results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Increasing evidence has indicated a connection between bipolar disorder (BD) and arteriosclerosis (AS), yet the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the hub genes and molecular pathways for BD with AS., Methods: BD-related dataset GSE12649 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key module genes derived from Limma and weighted gene co-expression network analyses (WGCNA) were identified. AS-related genes were sourced from the DisGeNET database, and the overlapping genes between DEGs and AS-related genes were characterized as differentially expressed arteriosclerosis-related genes (DE-ASRGs). The functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and three machine learning algorithms were performed to explore the hub genes, which were validated with two external validation sets. Additionally, immune infiltration was performed in BD., Results: Overall, 67 DE-ASRGs were found to be overlapping between the DEGs and AS-related genes. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted the cancer pathways between BD and AS. We identified seven candidate hub genes (CTSD, IRF3, NPEPPS, ST6GAL1, HIF1A, SOX9 and CX3CR1). Eventually, two hub genes (CX3CR1 and ST6GAL1) were identified as BD and AS co-biomarkers by using machine learning algorithms. Immune infiltration had revealed the disorder of immunocytes., Discussion: This study identified the hub genes CX3CR1 and ST6GAL1 in BD and AS, providing new insights for further research on the bioinformatic mechanisms of BD with AS and contributing to the diagnosis and prevention of AS in psychiatric clinical practice., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zheng, Zhang, Zhang, Chen and Ji.)