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Artificial neural network–cellular automata model has been applied successfully in land use change simulation. However, it has rarely been integrated with landscape pattern indices (LPIs), the embodiment of the spatial heterogeneity of land use. This paper proposed to integrate LPIs as the parameters of artificial neural network–cellular automata model. Subsequent to a description of the principles and implementation of the model, a case study was presented in Changping district. In the case study, two LPIs, the landscape similarity index and patch density, along with 10 other spatial variables, were selected as the influencing factors of land use change. Based on land use maps in years 1988 and 1998, a land use map in 2008 was simulated by the proposed model. Comparing with the actual land use map in 2008 and the simulated result of artificial neural network–cellular automata model, the results showed that the proposed model is more applicable for simulating land use change in the study area; the limitation of this model is the spatial scale and calculation method of LPIs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Many volatiles in fresh tea leaf are in the forms bound with glycosides and they are released by action of ss-primeverosidase and ss-glucosidase during tea processing. Effect of ultra-violet B on release of volatiles in fresh tea leaves of two tea cultivars, “Maoxie” and “Anhui-9,” were investigated. Types of volatile and their concentration increased when ultra-violet B was applied at 3.0 μmol m-2 s-1 for 2 h and then decreased as the irradiation was extended to 6 h. The relation of expression of ss-primeverosidase and ss-glucosidase genes to the release of volatiles were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects (MCEs) of the intermetallic Gd1−x Ho x NiIn (x=0−1) compounds have been evaluated by magnetization and heat capacity measurements. The Curie temperature T C can be tuned from near 100K to 20K by substituting Ho for Gd atoms. In addition, all the compounds with Ho atoms undergo two successive magnetic transitions with the decrease of temperature: a paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) transition around T C and a spin-reorientation (SR) transition around 7−9K. It is found that both transitions contribute to the magnetic entropy change (ΔS M ). For a field change of 5T, the maximum values of −ΔS M for Gd0.4Ho0.6NiIn are 6J/kgK at T t =9K and 10J/kgK at T C =52K, respectively. These two −ΔS M peaks overlap partly and result in a wide working temperature range of MCE, and thus leading to the largest RC value of 443J/kg in the Gd1−x Ho x NiIn system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects (MCEs) of the intermetallic Ho3Al2 compound are investigated by magnetization and heat capacity measurements. Two successive magnetic transitions, a spin-reorientation (SR) transition at T SR =31K followed by a ferromagnetic (FM) to paramagnetic (PM) transition at T C =40K, are observed. Both magnetic transitions contribute to the MCE and result in a large magnetic entropy change (ΔS M ) in a wide temperature range. The maximum values of −ΔS M and adiabatic temperature change (ΔT ad ) reach 18.7J/kgK and 4.8K for the field changes of 0–5T, respectively. In particular, a giant value of refrigerant capacity (RC) is estimated to be 704J/kg for a field change of 5T, which is much higher than those of many potential refrigerant materials with similar transition temperatures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]