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According to the irreversibility of biotin labeling, a quick method was designed for the purification of biotin labeling small molecule by magnetic separation. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) coated on the magnetic particles was used to react with the excessive active biotin reagent after T4 was biotinylated, forming magnetic particles -BSA-biotin complexes, which can be quickly removed by a magnet. Enzyme immunoassay was used to detect the reactive degree between excessive biotin reagent and magnetic particles. And the supernatant liquid obtained after magnetic separation was proved to be highly pure biotinylated T4 by a competitive inhibition reaction. The method solved the problem that small molecule after labeled by biotin is difficult to be purified, and can be operated quickly and simply. It is very efficient for the purification of biotinylated small molecule after labeling reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kombucha, a fermented tea prepared with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), offers a unique and unpredictable home-brewed fermentation process. Therefore, the need for a controlled kombucha fermentation process has become evident, which requiring a thorough understanding of the microbial composition and its relationship with the metabolites produced. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of microbial communities and metabolites over a 12-day fermentation period of a conventional kombucha-making process. Our findings revealed similarities between the microbial communities in the early (0-2 days) and late (10-12 days) fermentation periods, supporting the principle of back-slopping fermentation. Untargeted metabolite analysis unveiled the presence of harmful biogenic amines in the produced kombucha, with concentrations increasing progressively throughout fermentation, albeit showing relatively lower abundance on days 8 and 12. Additionally, a contrasting trend between ethanol and caffeine content was observed. Canonical correspondence analysis highlighted strong positive correlations between specific bacterial/yeast strains and identified metabolites. In conclusion, our study sheds light on the microbial and metabolite dynamics of kombucha fermentation, emphasizing the importance of microbial control and quality assurance measures in the production process., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Liao, Li, Fan, Zhang, Zheng, Hua, Li, Mahror and Cheng.)

In the present study, we investigated the role of endogenous neurotrophin-3 in nerve terminal sprouting 2 months after spinal cord dorsal root rhizotomy. The left L1-5 and L7-S2 dorsal root ganglia in adult cats were exposed and removed, preserving the L6 dorsal root ganglia. Neurotrophin-3 was mainly expressed in large neurons in the dorsal root ganglia and in some neurons in spinal lamina II. Two months after rhizotomy, the number of neurotrophin-3-positive neurons in the spared dorsal root ganglia and the density of neurite sprouts emerging from these ganglia were increased. Intraperitoneal injection of an antibody against neurotrophin-3 decreased the density of neurite sprouts. These findings suggest that endogenous neurotrophin-3 is involved in spinal cord plasticity and regeneration, and that it promotes axonal sprouting from the dorsal root ganglia after spinal cord dorsal root rhizotomy.

Objective: To explore the relationship between pedestrian traffic accidents and the type of vehicles and summarize the characteristics., Methods: Ninety cases of pedestrian traffic accidents were reviewed, and the relationship between the types of vehicles and the injuries (site, feature and severity) were analyzed., Results: Different impact injuries were caused by different types of vehicles. The primary sites of the impact injuries depended on the body posture and the height of protruding parts of the front when the accident happened. The injury characteristics were related to the size, direction of acting force and contact surface., Conclusion: The analysis of position, feature, and severity of pedestrian injury can determine the type of injury vehicle.

Objective: To examine the antitumor activity of IL-13PE38 on solid malignant glioma cells in vitro and to investigate its relationship between the antitumor activity of IL-13PE38 and the expression level of IL-13Rα2 in malignant glioma., Methods: Ten fresh tissues of anaplastic glioma and 11 fresh tissues of glioblastoma multiforme were obtained during craniotomy at First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College between June 2009 and December 2010. All fresh glioma cells were cultured in vitro with IL-13PE38. Then the cytotoxicity of IL-13PE38 was determined by colorimetric MTS proliferation assay and the SR (survival rate) calculated. The expression level of IL-13Rα2 was studied by immunohistochemical SABC method in 21 cases of malignant glioma. And the value of integrated optical density (IOD) was examined by computer assisted pathological image analysis system. The correlation between the IOD of IL-13Rα2 and the SR of malignant glioma cells was also studied., Results: (1) There were strongly positive expression of IL-13Rα2 in most cases (19/21, 90%). And the expression level of IL-13Rα2 in glioblastoma multiforme was higher than the expression level of IL-13Rα2 in anaplastic glioma (P < 0.05). (2) As the fresh malignant glioma cells were cultured with IL-13PE38 of same concentration, the number of surviving cells decreased in different degrees. The survival rate of 14 cases were < 70% and 9 cases < 50%. And the survival rate of anaplastic glioma cells was higher than that of glioblastoma multiforme cells (P < 0.05). (3) The IOD of IL-13Rα2 and the SR of malignant glioma cells were strongly negatively correlated (r = -0.093, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: A low concentration of IL-13PE38 shows a high level of cytotoxicity for solid malignant glioma cells. And its cytotoxic efficiency depends on the expression level of IL-13Rα2.

Objective: To observe the postoperative residual non-functioning pituitary adenomas (PR-NFPAs) without postoperative radiotherapy and to analyze the natural history of PR-NFPAs' growth in order to provide a basis for selecting appropriate strategies of clinical treatment., Methods: We evaluated the natural history of 20 patients with PR-NFPAs who did not receive postoperative radiotherapy and drug therapy. Through MRI images, the residual tumor volumes of those patients were serially measured. We further calculated the monthly growth rate and the tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) and analyzed the correlations between the patient age, gender, volume of residual tumor, cavernous sinus (CS) invasion and TVDT., Results: All patients received observation alone. Among which, 17 adenomas increased in volume and 3 remained unchanged during a follow-up period of 7 months to 17 years (mean 3.90 yr). The mean patient age was 41.8 years. As to 17 patients with tumor regrowth, the tumor volume at the beginning of MRI observation period was 4.73 cm(3) and tumor volume at the last MRI observation was 16.98 cm(3). During the mean 4-year follow-up period, the average monthly growth rate of PR-NFPAs was 7.87% and the mean TVDT was 724 days. Such factors as patient age, gender, volume of residual tumor and CS invasion did not affect the TVDT of PR-NFPAs., Conclusion: The tumor growth rate of PR-NFPAs is not significantly correlated with the patient gender, age, volume of residual tumor and CS invasion. In conjunctions with the volume of PR-NFPAs and the distance between residual adenoma and optic chiasm, we should take the TVDT into consideration and determine the appropriate and safe follow-up period.