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This study aimed to provide foundational research for the biological control of postharvest avocado fruits anthracnose and establish a microbial system of postharvest avocado fruits. The high-throughput sequencing of avocado fruits from the anthracnose-infected and healthy groups was performed using Illumina NovaSeq second-generation sequencing technology. The results revealed that, except for Colletotrichum sp. strain 38#, there were differences in the bacterial community structure of avocados before and after infection, as determined through alpha and beta diversity analysis. Additionally, there were significant differences in the endophytic fungal community structure, allowing clear differentiation between the infected and healthy avocados. The endophytic bacterial community was primarily composed of 4 phyla and 10 genera, with the Bacteroidota phylum and Chryseobacterium genus demonstrating sensitivity to anthracnose pathogens, as evidenced by a decrease in their relative abundance after infection. The endophytic fungal community was characterized by 3 phyla and 10 genera. After infection, the relative abundance of 2 phyla (Anthophyta and Basidiomycota) and 7 genera (Eucalyptus, Candida, Kluyveromyces, Talaromyces, Oidiodendron, Nigrospora, and Pestalotiopsis) decreased, whereas the relative abundance of the Colletotrichum genus increased dramatically. The LEfSe (Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size) analysis indicated that significant biomarkers were more prevalent in endophytic bacteria than in endophytic fungi in the avocados. In endophytic bacteria, the key biomarkers included the Firmicutes phylum (Bacilli class), Proteobacteria phylum (Gammaproteobacteria class, Pseudomonadales order, Pseudomonadaceae family, and Pseudomonas genus), Flavobacteriales order, Weeksellaceae family, and Chryseobacterium genus. In endophytic fungi, the important biomarkers were Saccharomycetes class (Saccharomycetales order), Glomerellales order (Glomerellaceae family and Colletotrichum genus), and Botryosphaeriales order (Botryosphaeriaceae family and Lasiodiplodia genus). These results may provide a theoretical basis for the development of future biological agents for avocado anthracnose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweet corn was highly susceptible to senescence due to its elevated physiological metabolism after harvest, resulting in a decline in its edible quality. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a cold storage insulation packaging box on the quality attributes of postharvest sweet corn (cv. 'Jinguan 218') during a simulated cold chain transportation period of 3 d and subsequent shelf life at room temperature (20 °C) for 1 d. The control group involved cold storage at 4 °C to mimic refrigerated truck transportation. The results showed that the internal temperature of sweet corn packed in the cold storage insulation packaging box remained below 7 °C throughout the 3 d period. In comparison to the control group, the cold storage insulation packaging box effectively maintained the quality of sweet corn during cold chain transportation and shelf life, and delayed husk discoloration. The mass loss rate of sweet corn was reduced by 72.66% after 3 d of cold chain distribution using the packaging box, the soluble solid content was increased by 4.97%, and soluble sugar content was enhanced by 10.13%. Meanwhile, the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in sweet corn packaged with the cold storage insulation packaging box were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in the control group, although the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was inhibited by cold storage insulation packaging box. Therefore, the cold storage insulation packaging box demonstrated its ability to maintain the quality of sweet corn throughout cold chain logistics and shelf life. This work provides a technical basis for the preservation of sweet corn through cold storage packaging during post-harvest logistics and transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a sample of manufacturing enterprises from the World Bank Survey during the period from 2006 to 2020, this study explores the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on corporate energy intensity and its mechanisms. Empirical results show that ICT adoption significantly improves the energy intensity of manufacturing enterprises in emerging and developing countries; a change in the standard deviation of ICT adoption can contribute 22.58% of the difference in corporate energy intensity. On the one hand, ICT adoption intensifies market competition and reduces product price markups, leading manufacturing enterprises to reduce investment in energy conservation. On the other hand, ICT adoption is complementary to energy and can promote energy input to replace traditional factors such as labor and capital, thereby increasing corporate energy intensity. The market competition effect and factor substitution effect account for 14.96% and 73.71% of the total effect. This study also confirms the Solow Productivity Paradox in ICT adoption, leading to the failure of the productivity mechanism for ICT to reduce energy intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of electronic devices and wireless communication in our daily lives has led to a significant increase in electromagnetic pollution. This issue poses a serious threat to the proper functioning of electronic equipment as well as human health. Therefore, the investigation of materials with superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capabilities has garnered growing interest. In this paper, the mechanisms of EMI shielding were first introduced briefly. It was noted that the development of advanced EMI shielding materials involved adhering to principles such as minimizing reflection loss, enhancing absorption loss, and incorporating multiple internal reflections. The construction and shielding properties of traditional EMI shielding materials were introduced. Unlike metal materials with high densities and reflection loss, lightweight conductive polymer composites (CPCs) have been the most promising EMI shielding materials. Meanwhile, carbon‐based nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets, along with two‐dimensional transition metal carbonitrides MXenes Ti3C2Tx, have emerged as the most promising and versatile conductive nanofillers for CPCs. The EMI shielding performance and loss mechanism of CPCs with homogeneous structure, segregated structure, laminated structure, and porous structure were introduced in detail. It was noted that the EMI shielding performance could be significantly improved by incorporating multiple structures into the same CPCs, such as a rational combination of segregated and porous structures. Finally, the challenges and development trends of CPCs for EMI shielding applications were discussed. Highlights: Mechanisms of EMI shielding were introduced from aspect of energy dissipation.Structure–property of traditional EMI shielding materials was described.EMI shielding performance of CPCs with different structures was summarized.Future challenges and growing trends of CPCs for EMI shielding were discussed.Absorption‐dominated loss and multiple structure design were emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers in psychology, education, and organizational behavior often encounter multilevel data with hierarchical structures. Bayesian approach is usually more advantageous than traditional frequentist-based approach in small sample sizes, but it is also more susceptible to the subjective specification of priors. To investigate the potentially detrimental effects of inaccurate prior information on Bayesian approach and compare its performance with that of traditional method, a series of simulations was conducted under a multilevel model framework with different settings. The results reveal the devastating impacts of inaccurate prior information on Bayesian estimation, especially in the cases of larger intraclass correlation coefficient, smaller level 2 sample size, and smaller prior variance. When the dependent variable is non-normal or binary, these negative effects are more noticeable. The present study investigated the impacts of inaccurate prior information and provides advice on the specification of priors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to accurately control the bending angle of a finger rehabilitation robot driven by a shape memory alloy ( SMA ) wire, this paper proposes a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm. Based on the kinematics model and the alloy wire drive model of a finger rehabilitation robot, this method utilizes the bending angle feedback of resistance mapping and adopts fuzzy adaptive parameters to realize position control. An experimental test platform for finger rehabilitation robots is built, the traditional PID and fuzzy adaptive PID control methods are used to conduct position control experiments on the index finger, and position control effects of each index finger joint after stability are analyzed. The research results show that, compared with the traditional PID control algorithm, the fuzzy adaptive control algorithm takes 2 ~3 s longer to reach the angle steady state time, the adjustment time is shorter, the position error is 2°, and the adaptive adjustment can be completed within 3 s under external disturbance conditions. The proposed method has strong robustness and can better compensate the hysteresis in the SMA phase changing process, which proves its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]