Search

The new round of reforms in power system gradually liberalizes the wholesale market for power generation, but the current average dispatch model does not support the new market system. We use Guangdong Province as a case study to analyze the cost of new entry (CONE) and net revenue of new and old coal power plants. We find that the real CONE of low-efficiency plants that were put into production earlier is significantly lower than that of the new high-efficiency plants. Meanwhile, the fact that net revenues are higher for low-efficiency plants than high-efficiency plants has led to distortion in the incentives aimed at retiring old low-efficiency plants from the market, and new investment is economically justified under existing market rules. By simulating a market system, we find that the "scarce returns" of peak plants are depressed because of excessive capacity, which leads to losses from all coal power plants. Accelerating market reforms, including reshaping the market mechanism of short-term operations and long-term investment decision-making is key to the successful implementation of supply-side reform policies. They are important for ensuring both economic operations in the short-run wholesale market and the long-term sufficiency of the power supply via careful regulatory mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an excellent n-type semiconductor, indium oxide (In2O3) is also a good candidate for photocatalysis such as light-induced water splitting. However, the efficiency of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) underperforms in view of the wide band gap (BG) and fast charge recombination in In2O3. N-doping provides a sound method to narrow the BG and to prohibit the charge recombination by forming new energy levels between the valence band (VB) and the conduction band (CB). In this work, an In-based organic framework sod-ZMOF was used as a precursor to prepare the N-doped In2O3. After calcination, sod-ZMOF is transformed into N-doped In2O3 nanocrystalline, in which the ligand within sod-ZMOF serves as the nitrogen source. In addition, sod-ZMOF acts as self-template during calcination to generate abundant nanopores within the In2O3 frameworks, providing large specific surface area and active sites for OER. The BG is narrowed to 2.9 from 3.7 eV of the pure In2O3 on account of the N-doping. N species are doped in both the substitutional and interstitial fashion, and the interstitial doping is believed to improve the photo-induced carrier separation by the formation of oxygen vacancies. As a consequence, the overpotential for OER is effectively decreased from the pure In2O3, and the electrocatalytic experiment proves superior catalytic activity with a high current density and long-term durability compared to the In2O3 nanoparticles obtained from In(OH)3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an excellent n-type semiconductor, indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ) is also a good candidate for photocatalysis such as light-induced water splitting. However, the efficiency of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) underperforms in view of the wide band gap (BG) and fast charge recombination in In 2 O 3 . N-doping provides a sound method to narrow the BG and to prohibit the charge recombination by forming new energy levels between the valence band (VB) and the conduction band (CB). In this work, an In-based organic framework sod-ZMOF was used as a precursor to prepare the N-doped In 2 O 3 . After calcination, sod-ZMOF is transformed into N-doped In 2 O 3 nanocrystalline, in which the ligand within sod-ZMOF serves as the nitrogen source. In addition, sod-ZMOF acts as self-template during calcination to generate abundant nanopores within the In 2 O 3 frameworks, providing large specific surface area and active sites for OER. The BG is narrowed to 2.9 from 3.7 eV of the pure In 2 O 3 on account of the N-doping. N species are doped in both the substitutional and interstitial fashion, and the interstitial doping is believed to improve the photo-induced carrier separation by the formation of oxygen vacancies. As a consequence, the overpotential for OER is effectively decreased from the pure In 2 O 3 , and the electrocatalytic experiment proves superior catalytic activity with a high current density and long-term durability compared to the In 2 O 3 nanoparticles obtained from In(OH) 3 ., (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)