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As the production of electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries continues to rise, concerns over resource scarcity and supply shortages of critical metals, including Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, and Li, have become increasingly urgent. To address these concerns and promote environmental protection, there is a growing demand for the recycling of hazardous waste containing these critical metals as secondary resources. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel synergistic solvent extraction system of D2EHPA-NNPA, which fills a gap in the lack of a suitable extraction system for the hydrometallurgical industry of secondary resources containing Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, and Li. With the specific extraction sequence of D2EHPA-NNPA, a novel process has been designed and proposed for the stepwise extraction of Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, and Li from secondary resources, which significantly simplifies process flows while avoiding cross-contamination of the extractants and the production of industrial wastewater. Furthermore, the proposed "extraction-scrubbing-stripping" process has been investigated from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives, demonstrating that the novel synergistic solvent extraction system of D2EHPA-NNPA is a viable option for industrial applications to promote a circular economy and achieve sustainability objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To investigate the association between CYP3A4 ∗ 1G and OPRM1A118G gene polymorphisms and postoperative analgesia with sufentanil in women of Zhuang ethnicity from western Guangxi, China. Methods. Forty-eight Chinese Zhuang women who underwent elective myomectomy under general anesthesia in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected, and another 47 Chinese Han patients in the same period were selected as the control subjects. CYP3A4 ∗ 1G and OPRM1 A118G gene polymorphisms as well as sedation and pain scores at different time points after surgery were compared between the two groups of patients to analyze the relationship between the degree of pain and dosage of sufentanil and to analyze the effect of gene polymorphisms on the occurrence of adverse reactions. Results. The frequencies of ∗ 1/ ∗ 1G and ∗ 1G/ ∗ 1G genotypes, allele 1 ∗ G of CYP3A4 ∗ 1G and genotypes AA, and allele A of OPRM1 A118G in Zhuang patients were lower than those in Han patients, while the frequencies of ∗ 1/ ∗ 1, allele ∗ 1 of CYP3A4 ∗ 1G and genotypes AG, genotypes GG, and allele G of OPRM1 A118G were higher in Zhuang women. There was no significant difference in the Ramsay and VAS scores between the two groups at different time points after surgery, but the sufentanil use in Zhuang patients was higher than in Han patients at different time points after surgery. In addition, sufentanil use was highest in Zhuang patients with the ∗ 1/ ∗ 1 genotype of the CYP3A4 ∗ 1G gene. No significant difference was found in the incidence of adverse reactions during analgesia between the two groups. Conclusion. CYP3A4 ∗ 1G could be associated with postoperative sufentanil analgesia in Zhuang patients in western Guangxi and should be considered when developing personalized analgesia regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Observational measures of teaching are scarce in motivation research. • Direct observations of teaching are important to complement student surveys. • Replication and comparison of existing observation methods yielded mixed results. • With minimal training, relevance and enthusiasm were reliably observed. • Implications include specific recommendations for improving observation methods. Observational measures of teaching are scarce in the motivation literature, but are needed for furthering theoretical knowledge and recommendations for how teachers can support motivation. To inform the development of effective observational tools, particularly for STEM settings, and based on a synthesis of current practices for observing motivational teaching, video lecture recordings from three undergraduate chemistry classes were observed for evidence of instructors' supports for students' motivation, including autonomy support, relevance support, and enthusiasm. Four different coding procedures selected from prior research were compared using interrater reliability estimates and descriptive comparisons of observer scores with student perceptions obtained from surveys. Results indicated that even with minimal coder training, observational measures of relevance support (i.e., connections to real life, support for meaningfulness, relevance statements) and enthusiasm achieved acceptable reliability in capturing motivational teaching that also appeared to align with student perceptions. For other observational measures, results indicated a need for further development including clearer operational definitions, limiting the number of processes observers are expected to simultaneously observe, and perhaps more extensive training for coders. To increase replicability and validity, we call for and contribute to greater transparency in reporting the development and implementation of observational methods for capturing contextual supports for students' optimal psychological functioning in school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide (CO 2) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) are important greenhouse gases, with large amounts released from agriculture and forest ecosystems. Bamboo-derived biochar and dicyandiamide (DCD) have the potential to reduce soil CO 2 and/or N 2 O fluxes. However, the interactive effects of bamboo-derived biochar and DCD on soil gas emissions, enzyme activities, and bacterial communities remain unclear. To reduce this knowledge gap, four treatments were arranged in this laboratory incubation experiment: (1) blank control (CK); (2) 3% (w/w) bamboo-derived biochar addition (BA); (3) dicyandiamide addition (DA); and (4) combined bamboo-derived biochar and dicyandiamide addition (CBDA). During the 63-day incubation, the bamboo-derived biochar and DCD applications decreased cumulative CO 2 emissions by 30% and 43% and cumulative N 2 O emissions by 69% and 70%, respectively. However, the combined application of bamboo-derived biochar and DCD had antagonistic effects on the inhibition of N 2 O emissions. Compared with CK, bamboo-derived biochar or DCD application significantly reduced the soil protease activity and the nodes and edges of bacterial community co-occurrence networks. The combined applications of bamboo-derived biochar and DCD also had antagonistic effects on the inhibitions of invertase and protease activities and the complexities of bacterial co-occurrence networks. The Simpson and ACE indices of bacterial communities increased following bamboo-derived biochar application, alone or with DCD. The bamboo-derived biochar or DCD application generated "double-edge sword" effects of decreasing cumulative CO 2 and N 2 O emissions but damaging the bacterial network complexity. The feasibility of applying bamboo-derived biochar and DCD for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from soils should weigh the relative importance between the reduction of greenhouse emissions and the protection of soil bacterial communities. • Bamboo-derived biochar application decreased soil CO 2 and N 2 O emissions. • Biochar and DCD had antagonistic effects on mitigations of cumulative N 2 O emission. • Biochar application significantly increased bacterial community diversity. • Biochar and DCD applications damaged the complexity of the bacterial network. • Biochar or DCD generated "double-edge sword" effects on forest soil ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of detection, there is a wide gap between the performance of small objects and that of medium, large objects. Some studies show that this gap is due to the contradiction between the classification-based backbone and localization. Although the reduction in the feature map size is beneficial for the extraction of abstract features, it will cause the loss of detailed features in the localization as traversing the backbone. Therefore, an interactive multi-scale feature representation enhancement strategy is proposed. This strategy includes two modules: first a multi-scale auxiliary enhancement network is proposed for feature interaction under multiple inputs. We scale the input to multiple scales corresponding to the prediction layers, and only passes through the lightweight extraction module to extract more detailed features for enhancing the original futures. Moreover, an adaptive interaction module is designed to aggregate the features of adjacent layers. This approach provides flexibility in achieving the improvement of small objects detection ability without changing the original network structure. Comprehensive experimental results based on PASCAL VOC and MS COCO datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed method. • An auxiliary multi-scale input network for enhancing shallow features. • Interactive multi-scale features for aggregating contextual information. • An adaptive factor embedded in the interactive module to control the fusion ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moso bamboo plantations suffer from phosphorus (P) limitations. A better understanding of soil P cycling contributes to the sustainable management and development of the bamboo forests. In this study, different phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were applied to soils to stimulate bamboo growth, and the metagenomics method was employed to investigate the changes in soil microbial communities and relative abundances of functional genes. Meanwhile, soil properties and bamboo biomass and physiological indices were also quantitatively analyzed. The PSB inoculations changed soil P fractions and significantly elevated available P (AP) content by stimulating phosphatase activity and functional genes involved in P-transformation. The PSB inoculations significantly stimulated soil acid phosphatase activities and enhanced the relative abundances of functional genes associated with inorganic P-solubilization and organic P-mineralization. Moreover, increased soil available nutrients were beneficial to the moso bamboo growth, and the bamboo biomass in the different treatments increased by from 32.43 % to 69.04 % compared with the control treatment. Significant increases in root activity, carotenoid, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents after the PSB inoculations also contributed to moso bamboo growth. The PSB strain inoculations shaped soil microbial communities and increased microbial connections. Besides adjusting soil P supplies and functional genes, the PSB also promoted the moso bamboo growth by increasing soil mineral N, AK and bamboo chlorophyll contents and stimulating functional microorganisms. Our study could provide a theoretical basis to improve soil nutrient utilization for moso bamboo with the PSB inoculations. • The PSB accelerated soil P transformation by functional gene and phosphatase. • The PSB significantly shaped microbial community structures and connections. • Available nutrient contributed to bamboo growth and physiological indexes. • Chlorophyll and soil K increased by the PSB had positive effects on bamboo biomass. • The PSB significantly contributed to carotenoid and root activity of bamboo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhoushan cattle are an endangered cattle breed in the Zhoushan islands in China. Since Zhoushan cattle have been bred in isolation, they show unique characteristics, such as dark black coat colour. However, no studies have been conducted on the genome of Zhoushan cattle. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing of seven individuals of Zhoushan cattle and nine cattle in Wenling, geographically close to the Zhoushan islands. By integrating our data and publicly-available data, we found that Zhoushan cattle are genetically highly similar to Bos indicus cattle in south-eastern China. Furthermore, by identifying the genomic regions shared between Zhoushan cattle and Angus cattle, a Bos taurus breed, we found that the p.F195L mutation in melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MC1R) could be associated with their dark black coat colour. Taken together, our results provide a valuable resource for characterising the uniqueness of Zhoushan cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]