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10. Earnings management, earnings benchmarks, and directors' remuneration : UK evidence

Author

Zheng, Junxia

Abstract

The primary objective of this study is to examine the quality of earnings reported by UK markets and explore whether firms manipulate reported earnings figures to hit specific targets. The analysis commenced by detecting earnings management using accrual-based earnings management and real activities manipulation. On the one hand, this study has aimed to investigate whether firms manage reported earnings by utilising accrual-based and real earnings management that just meet or beat important earnings benchmarks around zero earnings and last year's earnings. On the other hand, this study purposed to examine the relationship between directors' remuneration and their earnings management as to whether firm directors gain an excessive level of remuneration through managing reported earnings. Using accounting and financial data from firms in the FTSE All-share between 2009 and 2015, the first part of this thesis revealed that UK firms are more likely to engage in real activities manipulation through reducing discretionary expenses and overproducing to manage earnings upwards when just meeting the zero level of earnings benchmark. Moreover, it has been established that firms in the UK market are not engaging in managing earnings upwards by utilising real activities manipulation via sales-based manipulation and overproduction, but are involved more in real activities manipulation by reducing or cutting discretionary expenses when just meeting the previous year's earnings benchmark. In addition, this study undertook an additional analysis ascertain that UK firms with negative earnings have incentives to use accrual-based earnings management and real activities manipulation through managing discretionary expenses and manipulating production costs to manage earnings downward. The second part of this thesis built a new model to measure abnormal directors' remuneration and to indicate the degree of an excessive level of compensation gained by directors. Evidence was found that, UK directors report a decline in performance by using sales-based manipulation to manage earnings downward in order to receive additional rewards, whilst directors use production costs-based manipulation to boost earnings. The results also reveal that UK directors engage more in accrual-based earnings management to manipulate earnings downward to achieve abnormally high compensation themselves. Therefore, these results show that firms engage in accrual-based earnings management and real activities manipulation to manage earnings upwards or downwards to hit different specific targets. The thesis presented a more comprehensive understanding of earnings management for the UK market, and offered forward some practical implications for researchers, policy makers, standard setters, and other practitioners. For example, it implies that there is higher demand for increased scrutiny or constraints regarding accounting discretions to eliminate earnings management and to ensure firms disclose good quality earnings information to the public; it draws the attention of regulators or standard-setters to the limitations of accounting regulations and standards and encourages them to implement improvements; the necessity for a closer scrutiny by auditors and regulators is suggested whilst, this thesis may motivate the Board to improve remuneration package setting to ensure directors act in the best interests of shareholders.

Published
2020

22. From ancient remedy to modern medicine: Artemisia argyi sesquiterpenoids as a promising natural treatment for COVID-19

Author

Huang, Yujing, primary, Huang, Zhilin, additional, Gan, YuHui, additional, Xie, Juntao, additional, Xia, Zhiyun, additional, Liu, Tao, additional, Chen, Xiangyu, additional, Li, Xiangguang, additional, Zhou, Haibo, additional, Sun, Pinghua, additional, Ren, Zhe, additional, Wang, Yifei, additional, and Zheng, Junxia, additional

Published
2023
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24. Bioactive Phenylpropanoid Glycosides, Dimers, and Heterodimers from the Bark of Cinnamomum cassia(L.) J.Presl

Author

Fan, Hongxia, Huang, Gengfeng, Guo, Qi, Ma, Jiahui, Huang, Yujing, Huang, Shangxiong, Wei, Meiwen, Xie, Caihong, Yan, Bingbing, Zhao, Suqing, Chen, Guodong, Zheng, Junxia, Zhou, Zhengqun, and Gao, Hao

Abstract

Six new phenylpropanoid glycosides (1–6), two new phenylethanol glycosides (7and 8), one new phenylmethanol glycoside (9), three new phenylpropanoid dimers (10–12), two new phenylpropanoid–flavan-3-ol heterodimers (13and 14), and six known relevant compounds (15–20) were isolated and identified from the well-liked edible and medicinal substance (the bark of Cinnamomum cassia(L.) J.Presl). The structures of these isolates were determined by using spectroscopic analyses, chemical methods, and quantum chemical calculations. Notably, compounds 4–9were rare apiuronyl-containing glycosides, and compounds 13and 14were heterodimers of phenylpropanoids and flavan-3-ols linked through C-9″–C-8 bonds. The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of all isolates were evaluated. Compounds 10and 12exhibited DPPH radical scavenging capacities with IC50values of 20.1 and 13.0 μM, respectively (vitamin C IC50value of 14.3 μM). In the ORAC experiment, all these compounds exhibited different levels of capacity for scavenging free radicals, and compound 10displayed extraordinary free radical scavenging capacity with the ORAC value of 6.42 ± 0.01 μM TE/μM (EGCG ORAC value of 1.54 ± 0.02 μM TE/μM). Compound 12also showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50of 56.3 μM (acarbose IC50of 519.4 μM).

Published
2024
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27. Well-Ordered Au Nanoarray for Sensitive and Reproducible Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Associated miRNA via CHA-Assisted SERS/Fluorescence Dual-Mode Sensing

Author

Huang, Xueqin, primary, Tian, Hemi, additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Chen, Qiuxia, additional, Yang, Yingqi, additional, Zeng, Runmin, additional, Xu, Jun, additional, Chen, Shanze, additional, Zhou, Xia, additional, Liu, Guangqiang, additional, Li, Haoyu, additional, Zhang, Yuan, additional, Zhang, Jianglin, additional, Zheng, Junxia, additional, Cai, Huaihong, additional, and Zhou, Haibo, additional

Published
2023
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29. Phosphorylation of USP29 by CDK1 Governs TWIST1 Stability and Oncogenic Functions

Author

Guan, Tangming, primary, Li, Mei, additional, Song, Yan, additional, Chen, Jiayi, additional, Tang, Jiaxin, additional, Zhang, Caishi, additional, Wen, Yalei, additional, Yang, Xiao, additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Zhu, Yingjie, additional, Wang, Hongxian, additional, Ding, Ke, additional, Zheng, Junxia, additional, Zhang, Haoxing, additional, and Liu, Tongzheng, additional

Published
2023
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36. sj-doc-1-npx-10.1177_1934578X211049688 - Supplemental material for The Mangrove-Derived Diterpenoid Diaporthe B Inhibits the Stemness and Increases the Efficacy of Docetaxel in Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells

Author

Xu, Yao, Zhong, Zhiwei, Gao, Yiwen, Wang, Yuhui, Zhang, Lanyue, Huang, Huarong, Zheng, Junxia, Zhang, Kun, Zheng, Xi, and Goodin, Susan

Subjects
FOS: Clinical medicine, 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-doc-1-npx-10.1177_1934578X211049688 for The Mangrove-Derived Diterpenoid Diaporthe B Inhibits the Stemness and Increases the Efficacy of Docetaxel in Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells by Yao Xu, Zhiwei Zhong, Yiwen Gao, Yuhui Wang, Lanyue Zhang, Huarong Huang, Junxia Zheng, Kun Zhang, Xi Zheng and Susan Goodin in Natural Product Communications

Published
2021
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37. Two new pyrone derivatives from the mangrove-derived endophytic fungus Aspergillus sydowii #2B

Author

Wang, Yuhui, Zhong, Zhiwei, Zhao, Fei, Zheng, Junxia, Zheng, Xi, Zhang, Kun, and Huang, Huarong

Abstract

Two new pyrone derivatives, 2-(12S-hydroxypropyl)-3-hydroxy-methyl-6-hydroxy-7-methoxychromone (1), and (±)-pyrenocine S (5), together with five known compounds xanthoradone A (2), (+)-3,3′,7,7′,8,8′-hexahydroxy-5,5′-dimethyl-bianthra-quinone (3), butyrolactone-I (4), pyrenocine A (6), and (±)-pyrenocine E (7) were obtained from the mangrove endophytic fungus Aspergillus sydowii #2B. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and comparison data with of literatures. Compounds 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 showed cytotoxicities against prostate cancer VCaP cells with IC50 values of 4.19 ± 1.02, 33.36 ± 1.42, 1.92 ± 0.82, 20.06 ± 2.01, 7.92 ± 0.86, and 10.13 ± 0.88 μM respectively, while compound 1 showed no cytotoxic activity. Compounds 1, 3, 6, and 7 exhibited weak inhibition effects against the production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 246.7 cells with IC50 values of 40.15, 28.69, 25.25 and 43.08 μM respectively.

Published
2021
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39. Two new pyrone derivatives from the mangrove-derived endophytic fungus Aspergillus sydowii #2B.

Author

Wang, Yuhui, Zhong, Zhiwei, Zhao, Fei, Zheng, Junxia, Zheng, Xi, Zhang, Kun, and Huang, Huarong

Subjects
ENDOPHYTIC fungi, ASPERGILLUS, POLYKETIDES, PROSTATE cancer, X-ray diffraction, NITRIC oxide
Abstract

Two new pyrone derivatives, 2-(12S-hydroxypropyl)-3-hydroxy-methyl-6-hydroxy-7-methoxychromone (1), and (±)-pyrenocine S (5), together with five known compounds xanthoradone A (2), (+)-3,3′,7,7′,8,8′-hexahydroxy-5,5′-dimethyl-bianthra-quinone (3), butyrolactone-I (4), pyrenocine A (6), and (±)-pyrenocine E (7) were obtained from the mangrove endophytic fungus Aspergillus sydowii #2B. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and comparison data with of literatures. Compounds 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 showed cytotoxicities against prostate cancer VCaP cells with IC50 values of 4.19 ± 1.02, 33.36 ± 1.42, 1.92 ± 0.82, 20.06 ± 2.01, 7.92 ± 0.86, and 10.13 ± 0.88 μM respectively, while compound 1 showed no cytotoxic activity. Compounds 1, 3, 6, and 7 exhibited weak inhibition effects against the production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 246.7 cells with IC50 values of 40.15, 28.69, 25.25 and 43.08 μM respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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47. Date on identification of flavonoids in Plumula nelumbinis by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and antioxidant activity from 13 habitats in China

Author

Zheng, Junxia, primary, Tian, Wenyue, additional, Yang, Chao, additional, Shi, Weipeng, additional, Cao, Peihong, additional, Long, Jiatang, additional, Xiao, Luomin, additional, Wu, Yang, additional, Liang, Jizheng, additional, Li, Xiaobin, additional, Zhao, Suqing, additional, Zhang, Kun, additional, Zhi, Hui, additional, and Sun, Pinghua, additional

Published
2018
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49. Self-Assembly of Au@Ag Nanoparticles on Mussel Shell To Form Large-Scale 3D Supercrystals as Natural SERS Substrates for the Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria

Author

Yuan, Kaisong, primary, Zheng, Junxia, additional, Yang, Danting, additional, Jurado Sánchez, Beatriz, additional, Liu, Xiangjiang, additional, Guo, Xinjie, additional, Liu, Chusheng, additional, Dina, Nicoleta Elena, additional, Jian, Jingyi, additional, Bao, Zhijun, additional, Hu, Ziwei, additional, Liang, Zhihong, additional, Zhou, Haibo, additional, and Jiang, Zhengjin, additional

Published
2018
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50. Redox-responsive hyaluronic acid-functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets for targeted delivery of water-insoluble cancer drugs

Author

Liu,Jian, Zhang,Doudou, Lian,Shu, Zheng,Junxia, Li,Bifei, Li,Tao, Jia,Lee, Liu,Jian, Zhang,Doudou, Lian,Shu, Zheng,Junxia, Li,Bifei, Li,Tao, and Jia,Lee

Abstract

Jian Liu,1,2 Doudou Zhang,1,2 Shu Lian,1,2 Junxia Zheng,1,2 Bifei Li,1,2 Tao Li,1,2 Lee Jia1,2 1Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China; 2Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China Background: Gefitinib (Gef), an important epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is used to treat lung cancer, but low water solubility and poor bioavailability severely limit its application in cancer therapy.Methods: In this study, nano-graphene oxide (NGO) was decorated with hyaluronic acid (HA) by a linker cystamine dihydrochloride containing disulfide bonds (-SS-), followed by the incorporation of gefitinib, thus, constructing a HA-functionalized GO-based gefitinib delivery system (NGO-SS-HA-Gef). Subsequently, studies of biological experiments in vitro and in vivo were performed to investigate the therapeutic effect of the system in lung cancer.Results: The HA-grafted GO nanosheets possessed enhanced physiological stability, admirable biocompatibility, and no obvious side effects in mice and could act as a nanocarrier for the delivery of gefitinib to tumor. Cellular uptake and intracellular cargo release assays showed that the uptake of NGO-SS-HA by A549 cells was facilitated via CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis, and that more drug was released from NGO-SS-HA in the presence of GSH than in the absence of GSH. The target-specific binding of NGO-SS-HA to cancer cells with redox-responsive cargo release significantly enhanced the abilities of gefitinib-loaded GO nanosheets to induce cell apoptosis, suppress cell proliferation, and inhibit tumor growth in lung cancer cell-bearing mice.Conclusion: The results demonstrated the potential utility of NGO-SS-HA-Gef for therapeutic applications in the treatment of lung cancer. Keywords: nano-graphene oxide

Published
2018

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