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Thermostable strains isolated from intestine of catfish were screened for their antagonism activity against Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and red head disease. Four thermostable strains were selected, and their antagonistic activity against E. ictaluri was compared. Adhesion to zebrafish larvae was determined as CFU/larva after exposure for 30min. The isolate Yab4 was found to be highly adhesive and was identified as Bacillus altitudinis based on a phylogenetic tree constructed using 16S rDNA and gyrB sequences. After 28d of feed supplementation with B. altitudinis Yab4, the growth performance of the treatment group is better than that of the control group, with a statistically significant difference observed between the two groups. Moreover, the innate immune indexes including alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, and total proteins in serum increased significantly, and the expression levels of immune genes including IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-κB p65 elevated significantly as well. Most importantly, the survival rate of the yellow catfish fed with B. altitudinis Yab4 supplementation reached 60%, marking a 35% increase compared to the control group when challenged with E. ictaluri HSN-1 infected intraperitoneally. This demonstrates that the potential of B. altitudinis Yab4 as a novel Bacillus probiotic to defend against E. ictaluri in catfish aquaculture through feed supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the feasibility of [(18)F]fluoroerythronitroimidazole ((18)F-FETNIM) with integrated positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging in detection of hypoxia in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients., Methods: Forty-two patients with newly diagnosed NSCLC underwent (18)F-FETNIM PET-CT before treatment. Nineteen patients rested for approximately 120 minutes before undergoing PET-CT, 23 patients underwent 2 sequential PET-CT scans at 60 minutes and 120 minutes after intravenous injection (18)F-FETNIM. (18)F-FETNIM uptake was quantified by calculating the maximum standardized uptake value in the tumor (SUVmax-T) and contralateral normal lung tissue (SUVmax-N). Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn in the tumor and contralateral position and the radioactivity ratio of tumor to normal (T/N) was calculated., Results: SUVmax-T (2.43 +/- 1.34) was significantly higher than SUVmax-N (0.87 +/- 0.46, P < 0.001) at 120 min. SUVmax-T (2.80 +/- 1.09) and SUVmax-N (1.16 +/- 0.56) at 60 min were significantly higher than SUVmax-T (2.61 +/- 1.10) and SUVmax-N (P < 0.01) at 120 min. T/N (2.56 +/- 0.71) at 60 min was higher than that at 120 min (2.48 +/- 0.60), but the difference between them was not significant (P = 0.324)., Conclusion: Our results indicate that (18)F-FETNIM PET-CT may be a useful tool for evaluating hypoxia and may be a means to target specifically tumor cells resistant to conventional treatment before and during ongoing therapy in NSCLC.