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Abstract Hydrogen, a high-density and clean energy, has been widely used in various critical applications. However, the safety risk caused by hydrogen leakage during storage and transportation is still a non-negligible issue. Therefore, it is necessary to offer hydrogen sensors with fast response and high repeatability, and it will be perfect for achieving in situ monitoring over the lifecycle of hydrogen production and utilization. Here, we propose a compact optical fiber sensor with a short section of the tilted Bragg fiber grating (TFBG) inscribed in the fiber core and a palladium and tungsten trioxide (Pd/WO3) combined film of 40 nm thickness over the fiber surface. The TFBG excites tens of narrow cladding resonances, part of which possess refractive indexes matching that of the Pd/WO3 coating and providing the high sensitivity to the surrounding hydrogen concentration change. The sensor offers improved sensing characteristics, including the fast response time (less than 10 s), high repeatability (over tens of measurement), and excellent linear response (higher than 99.6%) over the 0% to 3% concentration range.

Our previous research has shown that industrial by-products such as ferrous sulfate mineral and stone powder as amendments can remediate Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) soil. However, their role in the soil-rice system is unknown. Therefore, this article explored the effects of the combined use of industrial by-products and commercial conditioners on the accumulation of Cd-As in weakly alkaline and acidic soil-rice systems. Potted experiments shown that SL (stone powder+ferrous sulfate mineral) and SLW (stone powder+ferrous sulfate mineral+Weidikang conditioner) could reduce the availability of Cd-As in soil by adjusting soil pH and CEC, increase iron film content on the root surface, strengthening the “barrier” for fixing Cd-As. Brown rice Cd was lower than the national food safety standard of 0.20 mg kg−1 (GB2762–2022). 1 % SLW could reduce brown rice As from 1.24 mg kg−1 to 0.83 mg kg−1. The results of field experiments confirmed the conclusion of pot experiments. SL and SLW not only reduced the accumulation of Cd-As in rice but also significantly increased rice yield by 16.58 % and 11.68 %, respectively. Compared to the two types of conditioning agents sold in the market, the material costs have been reduced by 79.1 % -86.5 % and 12.4 % -43.3 %, respectively. In summary, this study demonstrates that ferrous sulfate minerals and stone powder could efficiently remediate Cd-As pollution in paddy soil under different acid-base conditions, providing an application example for the resource utilization of industrial by-products for the remediation of Cd-As pollution in paddy soil.

Abstract As the population ages, the worldwide prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the most common dementia in the elderly is increasing dramatically. However, a long‐term challenge is to achieve rapid and accurate early diagnosis of AD by detecting hallmarks such as amyloid beta (Aβ42). Here, a multi‐channel microfluidic‐based plasmonic fiber‐optic biosensing platform is established for simultaneous detection and differentiation of multiple AD biomarkers. The platform is based on a gold‐coated, highly‐tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) and a custom‐developed microfluidics. TFBG excites a high‐density, narrow‐cladding‐mode spectral comb that overlaps with the broad absorption of surface plasmons for high‐precision interrogation, enabling ultrasensitive monitoring of analytes. In situ detection and in‐parallel discrimination of different forms of Aβ42 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are successfully demonstrated with a detection of limit in the range of ≈30–170 pg mL−1, which is one order of magnitude below the clinical cut‐off level in AD onset, providing high detection sensitivity for early diagnosis of AD. The integration of the TFBG sensor with multi‐channel microfluidics enables simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers using sub‐µL sample volumes, as well as combining initial binding rate and real‐time response time to differentiate between multiple biomarkers in terms of binding kinetics. With the advantages of multi‐parameter, low consumption, and highly sensitive detection, the sensor represents an urgently needed potentials for large‐scale diagnosis of diseases at early stage.

Since 2019, major breakthroughs have been made in the prospecting of the Lower Cretaceous sandstone-type uranium deposits in the northern Ordos Basin. The Lower Cretaceous sandstone layer is expected to become another important sandstone-type uranium prospecting target after the Middle Jurassic. Establishing the metallogenic model of the Lower Cretaceous provides a better guide for prospecting work. Based on previous regional geological, drilling cores, and analytical data, the authors systematically summarized the basic geological characteristics of uranium mineralization in the Lower Cretaceous in this area and preliminarily established the uranium metallogenic model of the Lower Cretaceous.The results suggest the six Lower Cretaceous rock types can be divided into three geochemical types. Uranium mineralization mainly occurs in the brown-gray sandstone, which is the transition zone from brown-red sandstone to green sandstone. The green sandstone is formed by oxidation first and then reduction.The metallogenic type is dominated by interlayer oxidation, supplemented by phreatic oxidation in the Late Cretaceous. The Lower Cretaceous "secondary oxidation" uranium metallogenic model can be divided into three stages: first oxidation mineralization stage, large-scale reduction mineralization stage, and second oxidation mineralization stage.These research results can provide a new idea for uranium exploration in new strata of Ordos Basin.

The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 has been linked to both insulin resistance and exercise training adaptations in skeletal muscle. This study explores the previously unexamined role of NOX2 in the interplay between diet-induced insulin resistance and exercise training (ET). Using a mouse model that harbors a point mutation in the essential NOX2 regulatory subunit, p47phox (Ncf1*), we investigated the impact of this mutation on various metabolic adaptations. Wild-type (WT) and Ncf1* mice were assigned to three groups: chow diet, 60% energy fat diet (HFD), and HFD with access to running wheels (HFD + E). After a 16-week intervention, a comprehensive phenotypic assessment was performed, including body composition, glucose tolerance, energy intake, muscle insulin signaling, redox-related proteins, and mitochondrial adaptations. The results revealed that NOX2 deficiency exacerbated the impact of HFD on body weight, body composition, and glucose intolerance. Moreover, in Ncf1* mice, ET did not improve glucose tolerance or increase muscle cross-sectional area. ET normalized body fat independently of genotype. The lack of NOX2 activity during ET reduced several metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle, including insulin signaling and expression of Hexokinase II and oxidative phosphorylation complexes. In conclusion, these findings suggest that NOX2 mediates key beneficial effects of exercise training in the context of diet-induced obesity.

As a kind of promising aerospace material, TiAl alloys need to withstand extreme conditions such as high-rate impact loads and high temperatures. The mechanism on the failure and fracture of TiAl alloys under extreme conditions is related with the microstructure, including phase and grain size. In the present research, two kinds of TiAl alloys tailored with different microstructures, near lamellar (NL) and near gamma (NG), were fabricated by thermo-mechanical treatment. Microstructural characterization was analyzed by XRD and EBSD. The dynamic behavior of the TiAl alloys under different temperatures ranging from 293 K–873 K was investigated by a split Hopkinson pressure bar. The strain rate sensitivity and temperature sensitivity was analyzed. The microstructural evolution was concerned to understand the failure mechanism of the two kinds of the TiAl alloys. The NG-TiAl had the homogeneous deformation with synergy effect between homogeneous equiaxed grain and lamellar structure, and no failure occurred in NG-TiAl. However, the NL-TiAl showed heterogeneous deformation with both “orange peel effect” and cracks, which was attributed to large equiaxed grain and brittle γ-lamellae with similar orientation. Further, the cracks were easily nucleated and propagated from the interface between γ-lamellae structures, especially in the γ-lamellae structures parallel with the loading direction. Finally, the modified Johnson–Cook constitutive model was proposed to describe the deformation behavior, in which both strain rate hardening and temperature softening terms were expressed as a function of strain and strain rate.

Research Highlights It was the first time to explore the disorder of ceRNA network involved in the pathogenesis of AIH. The co-expression relationship between the differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs were predicted. The potential biological features and enriched pathways for mRNAs constructed in the ceRNA network, which may be closely associated with the occurrence of AIH, were disclosed. Several latent targets, located in the center of the constructed ceRNA network, were provided to investigate the development of this disorder in depth.

Microtubules serve as tracks for long-range intracellular trafficking of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), but the role of this process in skeletal muscle and insulin resistance is unclear. Here, we used fixed and live-cell imaging to study microtubule-based GLUT4 trafficking in human and mouse muscle fibers and L6 rat muscle cells. We found GLUT4 localized on the microtubules in mouse and human muscle fibers. Pharmacological microtubule disruption using Nocodazole (Noco) prevented long-range GLUT4 trafficking and depleted GLUT4-enriched structures at microtubule nucleation sites in a fully reversible manner. Using a perifused muscle-on-a-chip system to enable real-time glucose uptake measurements in isolated mouse skeletal muscle fibers, we observed that Noco maximally disrupted the microtubule network after 5 min without affecting insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In contrast, a 2-hr Noco treatment markedly decreased insulin responsiveness of glucose uptake. Insulin resistance in mouse muscle fibers induced either in vitro by C2 ceramides or in vivo by diet-induced obesity, impaired microtubule-based GLUT4 trafficking. Transient knockdown of the microtubule motor protein kinesin-1 protein KIF5B in L6 muscle cells reduced insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation while pharmacological kinesin-1 inhibition in incubated mouse muscles strongly impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Thus, in adult skeletal muscle fibers, the microtubule network is essential for intramyocellular GLUT4 movement, likely functioning to maintain an insulin-responsive cell surface recruitable GLUT4 pool via kinesin-1-mediated trafficking.

Anthropogenic activities have raised cadmium (Cd) concentrations in agricultural soil, emerging as a primary catalyst for the decline in crop yield. Intercropping of two or several plants is one technique among many Cd phytoremediation techniques that has gained enormous attention recently. However, the impact of cultivation modes on Cd movement in rice plants when intercropped with heavy metal (HM) hyperaccumulator plants remains unclear. Thus, this study was designed to explore the effects of cultivation modes and the intercropping of rice with Solanum nigrum L. on rice growth and Cd uptake in Cd-contaminated soil. The experimental design encompassed five treatments: dry cultivation of monocultured rice, monocultured Solanum nigrum L., and intercropped rice–Solanum nigrum L.; flood cultivation of monocultured rice; and intercropped rice–Solanum nigrum L. in a high-bed and low-ditch planting system. The results revealed a significant increase in rice growth when intercropped with Solanum nigrum L., with a notable increase of 18.32 g∙plant−1 observed in rice biomass in dry cultivation under the intercropping system. In contrast, a more modest increase of 3.67 g∙plant−1 was observed in the high-bed and low-ditch intercropped rice–Solanum nigrum L. mode. The soil total Cd was higher in dry cultivation of monocultured rice and Solanum nigrum L. compared to intercropped rice/Solanum nigrum L.-cultivated soil, with lower values recorded for intercropped rice/Solanum nigrum L. under the high-bed and low-ditch planting system. In contrast, no significant effect was noted on soil exchangeable Cd content based on the planting pattern and cultivation mode. Intercropping with Solanum nigrum L. demonstrated a significant reduction of Cd content in various rice tissues, particularly in roots at the maturity stage, while Cd content was reduced across all rice tissues under the high-bed and low-ditch planting system. The Cd content in the stem, leaves, and bran of monocropped rice was higher compared to intercropped rice. This study suggests that the rice–Solanum nigrum L. intercropping system effectively reduces rice Cd uptake, particularly under the high-bed and low-ditch planting system.

Without treatment, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) often leads to cirrhosis, liver failure and, in some cases, death. However, the pathogenesis of AIH remains incompletely understood. Here, we explored the relationship between differentially expressed circular RNAs (DECs) and development of AIH by obtaining an expression profile of DECs in a concanavalin A‐induced AIH mouse model by microarray. In total, we identified 27 DECs; the host genes of these DECs were annotated with 140 Gene Ontology terms and 19 pathways, revealing potential roles in the metabolism of cellular ions and regulation of protein expression, as well as possible involvement in endocytosis and apoptosis. We constructed a circular RNA–microRNA network that was used to infer that a mmu_circ_0001520/mmu‐miR‐193b‐3p/MAPK10 network may be associated with the occurrence of AIH. These findings may help lay the foundation for validation of the potential roles of circular RNAs in AIH.

Abstract The cortical cytoskeleton, consisting of the cytoplasmic actin isoforms β and/or γ‐actin, has been implicated in insulin‐stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in muscle and adipose cell culture. Furthermore, transgenic inhibition of multiple actin‐regulating proteins in muscle inhibits insulin‐stimulated muscle glucose uptake. The current study tested if γ‐actin was required for insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake in mouse skeletal muscle. Based on our previously reported age‐dependent phenotype in muscle‐specific β‐actin gene deletion (−/−) mice, we included cohorts of growing 8–14 weeks old and mature 18–32 weeks old muscle‐specific γ‐actin−/− mice or wild‐type littermates. In growing mice, insulin significantly increased the glucose uptake in slow‐twitch oxidative soleus and fast‐twitch glycolytic EDL muscles from wild‐type mice, but not γ‐actin−/−. In relative values, the maximal insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake was reduced by ~50% in soleus and by ~70% in EDL muscles from growing γ‐actin−/− mice compared to growing wild‐type mice. In contrast, the insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake responses in mature adult γ‐actin−/− soleus and EDL muscles were indistinguishable from the responses in wild‐type muscles. Mature adult insulin‐stimulated phosphorylations on Akt, p70S6K, and ULK1 were not significantly affected by genotype. Hence, insulin‐stimulated muscle glucose uptake shows an age‐dependent impairment in young growing but not in fully grown γ‐actin−/− mice, bearing phenotypic resemblance to β‐actin−/− mice. Overall, γ‐actin does not appear required for insulin‐stimulated muscle glucose uptake in adulthood. Furthermore, our data emphasize the need to consider the rapid growth of young mice as a potential confounder in transgenic mouse phenotyping studies.

Abstract Background Skeletal muscle wasting is often associated with insulin resistance. A major regulator of muscle mass is the transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) superfamily, including activin A, which causes atrophy. TGF‐β superfamily ligands also negatively regulate insulin‐sensitive proteins, but whether this pathway contributes to insulin action remains to be determined. Methods To elucidate if TGF‐β superfamily ligands regulate insulin action, we used an adeno‐associated virus gene editing approach to overexpress an activin A inhibitor, follistatin (Fst288), in mouse muscle of lean and diet‐induced obese mice. We determined basal and insulin‐stimulated 2‐deoxy‐glucose uptake using isotopic tracers in vivo. Furthermore, to evaluate whether circulating Fst and activin A concentrations are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and weight loss in humans, we analysed serum from morbidly obese subjects before, 1 week, and 1 year after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Results Fst288 muscle overexpression markedly increased in vivo insulin‐stimulated (but not basal) glucose uptake (+75%, P < 0.05) and increased protein expression and intracellular insulin signalling of AKT, TBC1D4, PAK1, pyruvate dehydrogenase‐E1α, and p70S6K, while decreasing TBC1D1 signaling (P < 0.05). Fst288 increased both basal and insulin‐stimulated protein synthesis, but no correlation was observed between the Fst288‐driven hypertrophy and the increase in insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake. Importantly, Fst288 completely normalized muscle glucose uptake in insulin‐resistant diet‐induced obese mice. RYGB surgery doubled circulating Fst and reduced activin A (−24%, P < 0.05) concentration 1 week after surgery before any significant weight loss in morbidly obese normoglycemic patients, while major weight loss after 1 year did not further change the concentrations. Conclusions We here present evidence that Fst is a potent regulator of insulin action in muscle, and in addition to AKT and p70S6K, we identify TBC1D1, TBC1D4, pyruvate dehydrogenase‐E1α, and PAK1 as Fst targets. Circulating Fst more than doubled post‐RYGB surgery, a treatment that markedly improved insulin sensitivity, suggesting a role for Fst in regulating glycaemic control. These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting TGF‐β superfamily ligands to improve insulin action and Fst's relevance to muscle wasting‐associated insulin‐resistant conditions in mice and humans.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulate GLUT4-mediated glucose transport following contraction of isolated muscle, but it is not clear if this occurs in vivo. Here, the authors show in human volunteers that exercise induces ROS increase in muscle and, using loss of-function animal models, they demonstrate that NOX2 is a major ROS source required to stimulate glucose uptake during exercise.

Objective: Exercise is a cornerstone in the management of skeletal muscle insulin-resistance. A well-established benefit of a single bout of exercise is increased insulin sensitivity for hours post-exercise in the previously exercised musculature. Although rodent studies suggest that the insulin-sensitization phenomenon involves enhanced insulin-stimulated GLUT4 cell surface translocation and might involve intramuscular redistribution of GLUT4, the conservation to humans is unknown. Methods: Healthy young males underwent an insulin-sensitizing one-legged kicking exercise bout for 1 h followed by fatigue bouts to exhaustion. Muscle biopsies were obtained 4 h post-exercise before and after a 2-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Results: A detailed microscopy-based analysis of GLUT4 distribution within seven different myocellular compartments revealed that prior exercise increased GLUT4 localization in insulin-responsive storage vesicles and T-tubuli. Furthermore, insulin-stimulated GLUT4 localization was augmented at the sarcolemma and in the endosomal compartments. Conclusions: An intracellular redistribution of GLUT4 post-exercise is proposed as a molecular mechanism contributing to the insulin-sensitizing effect of prior exercise in human skeletal muscle.

Objective: Chronic ad libitum low protein-high carbohydrate diet (LPHC) increases health- and life-span in mice. A periodized (p) LPHC regimen would be a more practical long-term human lifestyle intervention, but the metabolic benefits of pLPHC are not known. Also, the interactions between LPHC diet and exercise training have not been investigated. Presently, we aimed to provide proof-of-concept data in mice of the efficacy of pLPHC and to explore the potential interactions with concurrent exercise training. Methods: A detailed phenotypic and molecular characterization of mice undergoing different durations of 14 d LPHC (5 E% protein)/14 d control diet cycles for up to 4 months with or without concurrent access to activity wheels allowing voluntary exercise training. Results: pLPHC conferred metabolic benefits similar to chronic LPHC, including increased FGF21 and adaptive thermogenesis, obesity-protection despite increased total energy intake and improved insulin sensitivity. The improved insulin sensitivity showed large fluctuations between diet periods and was lost within 14 days of switching back to control diet. Parallel exercise training improved weight maintenance but impaired the FGF21 response to pLPHC whereas repeated pLPHC cycles progressively augmented this response. Both the FGF21 suppression by exercise and potentiation by repeated cycles correlated tightly with Nupr1 mRNA in liver, suggesting dependence on liver integrated stress response. Conclusion: These results suggest that pLPHC may be a viable strategy to promote human health but also highlight the transient nature of the benefits and that the interaction with other lifestyle-interventions such as exercise training warrants consideration. Keywords: Dietary restriction, FGF21, Periodized diet, Glucose metabolism, Obesity, Exercise, Integrated stress response

Objective: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed as signaling molecules mediating exercise training adaptation, but the ROS source has remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate if increased NADPH oxidase (NOX)2-dependent activity during exercise is required for long-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in skeletal muscle using a mouse model lacking functional NOX2 complex due to absent p47phox (Ncf1) subunit expression (ncf1* mutation). Methods: HIIT was investigated after an acute bout of exercise and after a chronic intervention (3x/week for 6 weeks) in wild-type (WT) vs. NOX2 activity-deficient (ncf1*) mice. NOX2 activation during HIIT was measured using an electroporated genetically-encoded biosensor. Immunoblotting and single-fiber microscopy was performed to measure classical exercise-training responsive endpoints in skeletal muscle. Results: A single bout of HIIT increased NOX2 activity measured as p47-roGFP oxidation immediately after exercise but not 1 h or 4 h after exercise. After a 6-week HIIT regimen, improvements in maximal running capacity and some muscle training-markers responded less to HIIT in the ncf1* mice compared to WT, including superoxide dismutase 2, catalase, hexokinase II, pyruvate dehydrogenase and protein markers of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes. Strikingly, HIIT-training increased mitochondrial network area and decreased fragmentation in WT mice only. Conclusion: This study suggests that HIIT exercise increases NOX2 activity in skeletal muscle and shows that NOX2 activity is required for specific skeletal muscle adaptations to HIIT relating to antioxidant defense, glucose metabolism, and mitochondria. Keywords: Redox, Reactive oxygen species, Exercise, High-intensity interval training

A periodized (14 days on/14 days off) 5% low protein-high carbohydrate (pLPHC) diet protects against weight gain, improves glucose tolerance in mice and interacts with concurrent voluntary activity wheel training on several parameters including weight maintenance and liver FGF21 secretion. The gut microbiome (GM) responds to both diet and exercise and may influence host metabolism. This study compared the cecal GM after a 13.5-week intervention study in mice on a variety of dietary interventions ± concurrent voluntary exercise training in activity wheels. The diets included chronic chow diet, LPHC diet, 40 E% high protein-low carbohydrate (HPLC) diet, an obesigenic chronic high-fat diet (HFD) and the pLPHC diet. Our hypothesis was that the GM changes with pLPHC diet would generally reflect the improved metabolic health of the host and interact with concurrent exercise training. The GM analyses revealed greater abundance phylum Bacteroidetes and the genus Akkermansia on chronic and periodized LPHC and higher abundance of Oscillospira and Oscillibacter on HFD. The differences in diet-induced GM correlated strongly with the differences in a range of host metabolic health-measures. In contrast, no significant effect of concurrent exercise training was observed. In conclusion, pLPHC diet elicits substantial changes in the GM. In contrast, only subtle and non-significant effects of concurrent activity wheel exercise were observed. The pLPHC-associated microbiome may contribute to the healthier host phenotype observed in these mice.

The small molecule kinase inhibitor SBI-0206965 was originally described as a specific inhibitor of ULK1/2. More recently, it was reported to effectively inhibit AMPK and several studies now report its use as an AMPK inhibitor. Currently, we investigated the specificity of SBI-0206965 in incubated mouse skeletal muscle, measuring the effect on analog 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR)-stimulated AMPK-dependent glucose transport and insulin-stimulated AMPK-independent glucose uptake. Pre-treatment with 10 µM SBI-0206965 for 50 min potently suppressed AICAR-stimulated glucose transport in both the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscle. This was despite only a modest lowering of AICAR-stimulated AMPK activation measured as ACC2 Ser212, while ULK1/2 Ser555 phosphorylation was prevented. Insulin-stimulated glucose transport was also potently inhibited by SBI-0206965 in soleus. No major changes were observed on insulin-stimulated cell signaling. No general effect of SBI-0206965 on intracellular membrane morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. As insulin is known to neither activate AMPK nor require AMPK to stimulate glucose transport, and insulin inhibits ULK1/2 activity, these data strongly suggest that SBI-0206965 has a non-specific off-target inhibitory effect on muscle glucose transport. Thus, SBI-0206965 is not a specific inhibitor of the AMPK/ULK-signaling axis in skeletal muscle, and data generated with this inhibitor must be interpreted with caution.

Abstract Background Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is becoming increasingly prevalent for molecular diagnosis, staging and prognosis because of its declining costs and the ability to detect nearly all genes associated with a patient's disease. The currently widely accepted variant calling pipeline, GATK, is limited in terms of its computational speed and efficiency, which cannot meet the growing analysis needs. Results Here, we propose a fast and accurate DNASeq variant calling workflow that is purely composed of tools from LUSH toolkit. The precision and recall measurements indicate that both the LUSH and GATK pipelines exhibit high levels of consistency, with precision and recall rates exceeding 99% on the 30x NA12878 dataset. In terms of processing speed, the LUSH pipeline outperforms the GATK pipeline, completing 30x WGS data analysis in just 1.6 h, which is approximately 17 times faster than GATK. Notably, the LUSH_HC tool completes the processing from BAM to VCF in just 12 min, which is around 76 times faster than GATK. Conclusion These findings suggest that the LUSH pipeline is a highly promising alternative to the GATK pipeline for WGS data analysis, with the potential to significantly improve bedside analysis of acutely ill patients, large-scale cohort data analysis, and high-throughput variant calling in crop breeding programs. Furthermore, the LUSH pipeline is highly scalable and easily deployable, allowing it to be readily applied to various scenarios such as clinical diagnosis and genomic research.

Cancer vaccination holds great promise for cancer treatment, but its effectiveness is hindered by suboptimal activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which are potent effectors to mediate anti-tumor immune responses. A possible solution is to switch antigen-presenting cells to present tumor antigens via the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) to CD8+ T cells – a process known as cross-presentation. To achieve this goal, we develop a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold vaccine to promote antigen cross-presentation by persisted toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) activation after one injection. This vaccine comprises polysaccharide frameworks that “hook” TLR2 agonist (acGM) via tunable hydrophobic interactions and forms a 3D macroporous scaffold via click chemistry upon subcutaneous injection. Its retention-and-release of acGM enables sustained TLR2 activation in abundantly recruited dendritic cells in situ, inducing intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in optimal kinetics that crucially promotes efficient antigen cross-presentation. The scaffold loaded with model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) or tumor specific antigen can generate potent immune responses against lung metastasis in B16-OVA-innoculated wild-type mice or spontaneous colorectal cancer in transgenic ApcMin/+ mice, respectively. Notably, it requires neither additional adjuvants nor external stimulation to function and can be adjusted to accommodate different antigens. The developed scaffold vaccine may represent a new, competent tool for next-generation personalized cancer vaccination.

As the energy system continues to evolve and advance, a relatively single energy system gradually turns to the comprehensive energy system. With the advancement of technology related to electric vehicle networks progresses, the flexible load in the power system has been significantly improved, and there will be more and more schedulable resources in the power system. On this basis, the paper mainly studies the integrated energy system including the power station of electric driven vehicles and a variety of flexible loads. First, an intelligent energy system model is built, including wind power, ES, cogeneration units, gas boilers, etc. Secondly, according to the flexible load response of electricity, heat and gas, the dynamic response of flexible loads such as electricity, heat and natural gas is incorporated into the optimal scheduling of the integrated energy system, and a model has been created for optimizing the integrated energy system with the goal of minimizing the system operational expenses. Finally, YALMIP is utilized to formulate the problem during modeling, while CPLEX is employed as the solver to find a solution. Through the example calculation, the system operation cost is reduced by 13.04%, the wind power consumption rate is increased by 8.65%, and the peak valley difference is reduced by 24.58%. This approach has been demonstrated to lower the overall operational expenses of the system, as well as assist in smoothing out peak and off-peak electricity demand, and increase the utilization of wind power.

With the rapid increase of penetration level of new energy power generation, the construction of auxiliary service market is facing new challenges. The stricter requirements of the power plant unit AGC are proposed by the power system. How to coordinate and control the output of hydropower and thermal power units to increase the use of hydropower while meeting the requirements of AGC regulation is a problem to be solved. Under the condition of interconnection of units in the whole network, an optimal control strategy for joint commissioning of hydropower and thermal power plants that meets the performance conditions of ‘two rules’ is proposed in this paper. The strategy establishes the connection between hydropower and thermal power units. Combined with the output characteristics and economic characteristics of hydropower units and thermal power units, a coordinated optimization control strategy model of hydropower and thermal power AGC units suitable for the ’two rules’ assessment rules is proposed for each objective and constraint condition in the joint scheduling of hydropower and thermal power. The optimal mathematical model with multiple objectives is constructed to realize the distribution of AGC among different types of power plants and units, which can give full play to the regulation ability of hydropower and thermal power. The proposed strategy achieves the efficient use of clean energy and reduces the grid’s overall operating costs to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction. Simulation results verify the superiority of the proposed strategy.

This paper presents a method to analyze the Sub Synchronous Oscillation (SSO) problem based on broad learning system (BLS), which can quickly analyze the risk of SSO in a system and take measures. The simulation system is constructed by the eigenvalue analysis method to obtain training data, that solves the problem which is difficult to obtain actual data in SSO problem and makes the model more accurate and the conclusion more convincing. Subsequently, BLS is applied for feature extraction and the prediction model is constructed, the model can show the deep relationship between the oscillation source and topology of the system as well as various operating data, which is difficult to be expressed by formula. The system was tested and validated in the 41-bus system. The feature importance analysis method which comes from eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGboost) algorithm is proposed and combined with the BLS prediction model, which can analyze the influence of each variable on the prediction results in different series compensation levels, and is validated in the 41-bus system, that makes the results of prediction more interpretable. Finally, the results of simulation show that the model can predict data with high accuracy and give adjustment plans for effective control of the system to avoid the risk of SSO.