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At present, most researchers focus on plane wave incident on targets, but in practical applications, most of the beams are Gaussian beam. We study the scattering fields of Gaussian beam incident on rough cylinders. Coherent and incoherent scattering coefficients are obtained based on the angular spectrum expansion and physical optics approximation, and the effects of cylinder roughness, beam radius, cylinder radius and angle of incidence on scattering coefficients are analyzed. The results show that, for a constant wavelength, when the root mean square height is greater than or equal to 1/5 of the wavelength, the coherent scattering coefficient curve undergoes a change in its distribution, with the peak transforming into a trough. Furthermore, when the root mean square height is greater than or equal to 1/3 of the wavelength, the incoherent scattering coefficient experiences a decline as the root mean square height increases. The correlation length only affects the incoherent scattering coefficient. Both the coherent and incoherent scattering coefficients decrease with the increase in the incident angle. Finally, when the roughness and incident angle are constant, with the increase in the ratio of the cylinder radius to the beam waist radius, the scattered light field is more concentrated. Our results provide the theoretical basis for the measurement of the cylindrical scattering field.

Understanding the relationship between the built environment and the ride-hailing ridership is crucial to the prediction of the demand for ride-hailing and the formulation of the strategy for upgrading the built environment. However, the existing studies on ride-hailing ignore the scale effect and zone effect of the modifiable area unit problem (MAUP), and show a lack of consideration for the elastic relationship with spatial heterogeneity between built environment variables and ride-hailing ridership. Taking Chengdu as an example, this paper selects 12 independent variables based on the “5Ds” (density, diversity, design, destination accessibility and distance to transit) of the built environment, the dependent variables are the density of ride-hailing pick-ups in the morning and evening peak hours, and 11 spatial units are proposed according to different scales and zoning methods for the aggregation of built environment variables and ride-hailing pick-ups. With the goal of global optimal goodness-of-fit, we determined the optimal spatial unit by using the log-linear Ordinary Least-Squares (OLS) model. A multi-scale geographically weighted elastic regression (MGWER) model is formulated to explore the relative effect of the built environment on the ride-hailing ridership and spatial heterogeneity. The average value of positive elastic local regression coefficient of different variables is used to measure the relative positive impact of built environment factors, and the absolute value of the average value of negative elastic local regression coefficient is used to measure the relative negative impact of built environment factors. The results show that: (1) The MGWER model under the community unit division has the best global goodness-of-fit. (2) Different built environment variables have different elastic impacts on the demand for ride-hailing. For the morning peak hours and evening peak hours, the top three built environment factors with positive impacts are ranked as follows: commercial POI density > average house price > population density, and distance to CBD has the highest negative impacts on pick-up ridership. (3) The different local elasticity coefficients of the built environment factors at different stations are discussed, which indicate the spatial heterogeneity of the ride-hailing ridership. The optimal community zoning method can provide a basis for the zoning and scheduling management of ride-hailing. The results of the built environment variables with greater impact are conducive to the formulation of targeted urban renewal strategies in the process of adjusting the ridership of ride-hailing.

With the background of hyperurbanization and a jobs–housing imbalance in Beijing and other megacities in China, this study aims at developing a systematic toolkit of demand estimation and route planning for long-distance commuter bus lines. Taking the express bus services (EBS) in the Changping Corridor in Beijing as an example, this paper presents the use of a route-planning algorithm. Mobile phone location (MPL) data serves as a valid instrument for the origin–destination (OD) estimation, which provides a new perspective to identify the locations of homes and jobs. The OD distribution matrices are specified via geocoded MPL data. To minimize the aggregated travel time and attract potential passengers, this study subsamples long-distance commuting trips among the OD matrices by determining the operation distance threshold. The threshold can be solved by comparing the aggregated travel time of EBS to the travel time of local buses and private cars. Using the distance threshold and other operational parameters, we process an iterative computation to determine the length of routes, number of lines, and stop spacing and location. Compared to local buses and private cars, the planned EBS lines could reduce aggregated travel time by at least 20%. The results demonstrate that the method presented in this study is applicable and flexible. This paper may lead to new research directions for route planning of long-distance commuter buses. The limitations of this study and the future research agenda are also discussed.

The accuracy of the regression model of ridership of subway stations depends on the scale range of the built environment around the subway stations. Previous studies have not considered the Modifiable Area Unit Problem (MAUP) to establish the regression model of subway station ridership. Taking Beijing as an example, this paper expanded the built environment variables from “5D” category to “7D” category, added indicators such as parking fee standard and population density factor, and proposed a Multi-Scale Geographical Weighted Regression (MGWR) model of outbound ridership of subway stations with standardized variables. The goodness of fit of regression models under 10 spatial scales or built environment around subway stations are compared, and the spatial heterogeneity of built environment factors under the optimal spatial scale of outbound ridership of subway stations during the morning peak on weekdays is discussed. The results show that: (1) the scale range overlapped by 1000 m radius circular buffer zone and Thiessen polygon has the highest explanatory power for the regression model, and is regarded as the optimal scale range of built environment; (2) the density of office facilities, sports and leisure facilities, medical service facilities, building density and floor area ratio (FAR) has a significant impact on the outbound ridership of all subway stations; (3) office facilities, catering facilities, FAR, number of parking lots, and whether subway stations are transfer stations have a positive impact on outbound ridership. The number of medical service facilities, sports and leisure facilities, bus stops and building density have a negative impact on outbound ridership; (4) the two added factors in this study: parking charge standard and population density, as the influencing factors of the built environment, have a significant impact on the outbound ridership of some subway stations; and (5) the different local coefficients of the built environment factors at different stations are discussed, which indicate the spatial heterogeneity on the outbound ridership. The results can provide an important theoretical basis for the prediction and analysis of demand of ridership at subway stations and the integration of the built environment around the stations.

Immunotherapy is remarkably affected by the immune environment of the principal tumor. Nonetheless, the immune environment’s clinical relevance in stage IV gastric cancer (GC) is largely unknown. The gene expression profiles of 403 stage IV GC patients in the three cohorts: GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus, GSE84437 (n=292) and GSE62254 (n=77), and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas, n=34) were used in the present study. Using four publicly available stage IV GC expression datasets, 29 immune signatures were expression profiled, and on this basis, we classified stage IV GC. The classification was conducted using the hierarchical clustering method. Three stage IV GC subtypes L, M, and H were identified representing low, medium, and high immunity, respectively. Immune correlation analysis of these three types revealed that Immune H exhibited a better prognostic outcome as well as a higher immune score compared with other subtypes. There was a noticeable difference in the three subgroups of HLA genes. Further, on comparing with other subtypes, CD86, CD80, CD274, CTLA4, PDCD1, and PDCD1LG2 had higher expression in the Immunity H subtype. In stage IV GC, potentially positive associations between immune and pathway activities were displayed, due to the enrichment of pathways including TNF signaling, Th-17 cell differentiation, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in Immunity H vs Immunity L subtypes. External cohorts from TCGA cohort ratified these results. The identification of stage IV GC subtypes has potential clinical implications in stage IV GC treatment.

This research aimed to propose a route optimization method for long-distance commuter bus service to improve the attraction of public transport as a sustainable travel mode. Taking the express bus services (EBS) in Changping Corridor in Beijing as an example, we put forward an EBS route-planning method for long-distance commuter based on a solving algorithm for vehicle routing problem with pickups and deliveries (VRPPD) to determine the length of routes, number of lines, and stop location. Mobile phone location (MPL) data served as a valid instrument for the origin&ndash, destination (OD) estimation, which provided a new perspective to identify the locations of homes and jobs. The OD distribution matrices were specified via geocoded MPL data. The optimization objective of the EBS is to minimize the total distance traveled by the lines, subject to maximum segment capacity constraints. The sensitivity analysis was done to several key factors (e.g., the segment capacity, vehicle capacity, and headway) influencing the number of lines, the length of routes. The results suggest that the scenario with the segment capacity of 4000 passengers/h has a minimum of number and length of lines, but we recommend that the transit agency adopt 3000 passengers/h as the route segment capacity because this scenario results in minimum fleet size and minimum total operation length.

The CD8αα homodimer structures of endotherms demonstrate that despite distinct diversity at the amino acid sequence level, a few conserved key amino acids ensure common structural features. The structure of CD8αα in ancient ectotherms, such as lower bony fish, remains unclear. In this study, the high-resolution structure of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) CD8αα (Ctid-CD8αα) homodimer was determined using the single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) method. The structure of Ctid-CD8αα shows distinct differences from the known CD8αα structures of endotherms, including a distinct topological structure with shorter back β sheets. The configuration and distribution of the hydrophobic core are different from those in endotherms. Interestingly, mutation of the key amino acid F32S, which is very common in fish and lies in the CDR loop region, leads to the absence of the typical cavity that binds to an epitope-MHC I (p/MHC I) in endotherms, yet Ctid-CD8αα can still specifically bind the grass carp peptide-Ctid-UAA-β2m (p/UAA-β2m). Our results indicate that during the evolutionary process, CD8αα has undergone dramatic changes that affect its dimeric structure and may use a new strategy to interact with p/MHC I.

The emergence of adaptive immunity in jawed vertebrates depended on the appearance of variable immune receptors, BCRs and TCRs, which exhibit variable-J–constant (VJ-C)–type Ig superfamily folds. Hitherto, however, the structures of IgV-J-IgC–type molecules had never been characterized in invertebrates, leaving the origin of BCR/TCR-type molecules unknown. Using x-ray crystallography, the structure of a VJ-C2 molecule, named AmpIgVJ-C2, was determined in amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae). The first domain shows typical V folding, including the hydrophobic core, CDR analogs, and eight conserved residues. The second domain is a C2-type Ig superfamily domain, as defined by its short length and the absence of β-strand D- and C1-typical motifs. AmpIgVJ-C2 molecules form homodimers, using “three-layer packing dimerization,” as described for TCRs and BCRs. The AmpIgVJ-C2 V domain harbors a diglycine motif in β-strand G and forms a β-bulge structure participating in V–V intermolecular interaction. By immunohistochemistry, AmpIgVJ-C2 molecules were primarily found in mucosal tissues, whereas PCR and sequence analysis indicated considerable genetic variation at the single-gene level; these findings would be consistent with an immune function and a basic ability to adapt to binding different immune targets. Our results show a BCR/TCR-ancestral like molecule in amphioxus and help us to understand the evolution of the adaptive immune system.

Impacts of Tm ion concentration and Ho ion concentration on the saturable behaviors of Tm-Ho codoped fiber saturable absorbers and the output characteristics of the passively Q-switched laser systems are investigated and analyzed both at the initial lasing state and the stable passive Q-switching state. Simulations show that, varying concentrations of Tm and Ho ions have different impacts on the temporal evolution processes but similar effects on the macroscopic characteristics of the laser system. The root for the impacts of dopant concentrations is the population of the 3H6 energy level and the cavity loss it induces. For Tm ions, the rise of the Tm concentration improves the population of the 3H6 energy level directly, while, for Ho ions, higher Ho concentration leads to larger recovery rate of the 3H6 energy level, thus increasing the population of the 3H6 energy level indirectly. As for limited total dopant concentration, the Tm:Ho concentration ratio can be optimized for different applications.

A theoretical model concerning FSA-based active Q-switching is developed. And, characteristics of the active Q-switching operation are investigated and compared with the traditional passive Q-switching operation. Numerical results demonstrate that the active control of the repetition rate of FSA-based Q-switching is attainable. And, stable active Q-switching could be obtained from both no lasing state and stable passive Q-switching state.

We build a Tm-doped fiber amplifier based on a gain-switched seed laser. At Er-doped fiber-laser pumping, the maximum peak power of the gain-switched seed pulse is 227.7 W with a pulse duration of 48.3 ns. In the amplifier, peak power of the amplified pulse reaches 1.1 kW with a 3 dB linewidth of 0.06 nm. Supercontinuum generation is observed when this amplified pulsed laser source is injected into a section of 7 m long Tm-doped double-clad fiber.

The lack of a peptide-swine leukocyte antigen class I (pSLA I) complex structure presents difficulties for the study of swine cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity and molecule vaccine development to eliminate important swine viral diseases, such as influenza A virus (IAV). Here, after cloning and comparing 28 SLA I allelic genes from Chinese Heishan pigs, pSLA-3*hs0202 was crystalized and solved. SLA-3*hs0202 binding with sβ2m and a KMNTQFTAV (hemagglutinin [HA]-KMN9) peptide from the 2009 pandemic swine H1N1 strain clearly displayed two distinct conformations with HA-KMN9 peptides in the structures, which are believed to be beneficial to stimulate a broad spectrum of CTL immune responses. Notably, we found that different HA-KMN9 conformations are caused, not only by the flexibility of the side chains of residues in the peptide-binding groove (PBG), but also by the skewing of α1 and α2 helixes forming the PBG. In addition, alanine scanning and circular-dichroism (CD) spectra confirmed that the B, D, and F pockets play critical biochemical roles in determining the peptide-binding motif of SLA-3*hs0202. Based on biochemical parameters and comparisons to similar pockets in other known major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) structures, the fundamental motif for SLA-3*hs0202 was determined to be X-(M/A/R)-(N/Q/R/F)-X-X-X-X-X-(V/I) by refolding in vitro and multiple mutant peptides. Finally, 28 SLA-3*hs0202-restricted epitope candidates were identified from important IAV strains, and two of them have been found in humans as HLA-A*0201-specific IAV epitopes. Structural and biochemical illumination of pSLA-3*hs0202 can benefit vaccine development to control IAV in swine. IMPORTANCE We crystalized and solved the first SLA-3 structure, SLA-3*hs0202, and found that it could present the same IAV peptide with two distinct conformations. Unlike previous findings showing that variable peptide conformations are caused only by the flexibility of the side chains in the groove, the skewing of the α1 and α2 helixes is important in the different peptide conformations in SLA-3*hs0202. We also determined the fundamental motif for SLA-3*hs0202 to be X-(M/A/R)-(N/Q/R/F)-X-X-X-X-X-(V/I) based on a series of structural and biochemical analyses, and 28 SLA-3*hs0202-restricted epitope candidates were identified from important IAV strains. We believe our structure and analyses of pSLA-3*hs0202 can benefit vaccine development to control IAV in swine.

Compared to vehicular flow, pedestrian flow is more complicated as it is free from the restriction of the lane and more flexible. Due to the lack of modeling pedestrian behaviors under attracting incidents (incidents which attract pedestrians around to gather), this paper proposes a new cellular automata model aiming to reproduce the behaviors induced by such attracting incidents. When attracting incidents occur, the proposed model will classify pedestrians around the incidents into three groups: the “unaffected” type, the “stopped” type and the “onlooking” type. The “unaffected” type represents the pedestrians who are not interested in the attracting incidents and its dynamics are the same as that under normal circumstances which are the main target in the previous works. The “stopped” type represents the pedestrians are somewhat interested in the attracting incidents, but unwilling to move close to the venues. Its dynamics are determined by “stopped” utility which can make the pedestrians stop for a while. The “onlooking” type represents the pedestrians who show strong interest in the attracting incidents and intend to move close to the venues to gain more information. The “onlooking” pedestrians will take a series of reactions to attracting incidents, such as approaching to the venues, stopping and watching the attracting incidents, leaving the venues, which have all been considered in the proposed model. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model can capture the macro-characteristics of pedestrian traffic flow under normal circumstances and possesses the fundamental characteristics of the pedestrian behaviors under attracting incidents around which a torus-shaped crowd is typically formed.

Amphioxus is regarded as an essential animal model for the study of immune evolution. Discovery of new molecules with the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) variable (V) domain in amphioxus would help in studying the evolution of IgSF V molecules in the immune system. A protein was found which just contains only one IgSF V domain in amphioxus, termedAmphi-IgSF-V; it has over 30% sequence identity to the V domains of human immunoglobulins and mammalian T-cell receptors. In order to clarify the three-dimensional structure of this new molecule in amphioxus,Amphi-IgSF-V was expressed, purified and crystallized, and diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 1.95 Å. The crystal belonged to space groupP3221, with unit-cell parametersa=b= 53.9,c= 135.5 Å. The Matthews coefficient and solvent content were calculated to be 2.58 Å3 Da−1and 52.38%, respectively. The results will provide structural information to study the evolution of IgSF V molecules in the immune system.

A theoretical model concerning the 3 H 6 → 3 F 4 transition of Tm ions for passive Q-switching of an Er-doped fiber laser is built. Related population transitions of the passive Q-switching mechanism are simulated and described. Effects of pump power, output reflectivity and cavity length on the laser performance are investigated and analyzed. Numerical results indicate that pump power and output reflectivity are major factors affecting the laser output, while the cavity length mainly determines the pulse duration. Besides, high repetition rate operation is achievable with 3 H 6 → 3 F 4 transition of Tm ions at the expense of the output pulse energy.

With the development of network technology, link prediction based on topological similarity has made remarkable achievements. Among all findings, however, researchers lay more emphasis on the information of paths between unlinked nodes, but less on that of endpoints. After extensive research, we find that the endpoint which possesses large and extensive maximum connected subgraph is more likely to attract other endpoints. And we can also find that endpoint which has both big degree and H-index possesses large and extensive maximum connected subgraph. So, in this paper, we propose a model based on weighted synthetical endpoint influence of degree and H-index and make extensive experiments on twelve real benchmark datasets. The results show that weighted synthetical influence performs better in accurate link prediction.

This study aimed to develop a model to estimate the impacts of zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption on CO2 emissions and to evaluate efficacy of ZEV deployment strategies in achieving greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction goals. We proposed a modeling scheme to represent ZEVs in four-step trip-based travel demand models. We then tested six ZEV scenarios that were a cross-combination of three ZEV ownership levels and two ZEV operating cost levels. The proposed modeling scheme and scenarios were implemented on the Maryland Statewide Transportation Model (MSTM) to analyze the impacts of different ZEV ownership and cost combinations on travel patterns and on CO2 emissions. The main findings were the following: (1) A high-ZEV ownership scenario (43.14% of households with ZEVs) could achieve about a 16% reduction in statewide carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2Eq) emissions from 2015 base year levels, and (2) CO2Eq emissions at a future year baseline (2030) (the Constrained Long-Range Plan) level dropped by approximately 11% in low-ZEV ownership scenarios, 17% in medium-ZEV ownership scenarios, and 32% in high-ZEV ownership scenarios. The high-ZEV ownership results also indicated a more balanced distribution of emissions per unit area or per vehicle mile traveled among different counties.

Super-flat supercontinua are generated from a double clad Tm-doped fiber amplifier. Two different laser configurations are investigated and compared. In the direct-output configuration, the long-wavelength edge of the supercontinuum spectra is extended to beyond 2.65 μm with a 10 dB bandwidth of 740 nm. In the passive pigtail configuration, the generated supercontinuum features excellent flatness with an intensity difference smaller than 1 dB in the wide central spectral range from 1.98 μm to 2.41 μm.

A location method is presented for an urban public transit (PT) network based on the hub-and-spoke network structure model. The proposed method integrates the PT lines with transfer hubs. PT lines fall into four major service levels: subway, bus rapid transport, bus, and feeder bus. The transfer hubs fall into three major categories: intermodal terminals, transfer centers, and transfer stations. Every level of PT line is located by connecting the different classes of transfer hubs. The optimization objectives, constraints, and procedures for PT line locations are present, and they vary by level of PT service. The design and implementation of the proposed method are illustrated by a case study for the city of Fuzhou, China. The proposed allocation method offers a new approach for increasing the PT level of service of a high-density city. The procedure for allocating PT lines is practical and maneuverable.

To investigate the effects of recombinant human endostatin Endostar on metastasis and angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis of colorectal cancer cells in a mouse xenograft model. Colon cancer cells SW620 were injected subcutaneously into the left hind flank of nude mice to establish mouse xenograft models. The mice were treated with normal saline or Endostar subcutaneously every other day. The growth and lymph node metastasis of tumor cells, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in tumor tissue were detected. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were studied by flow cytometry. The expression of VEGF-A, -C, or -D in SW620 cells was determined by immunoblotting assays. Endostar inhibited tumor growth and the rate of lymph node metastasis (P

In order to comprehensively evaluate the performance of matching between engine and torque converter, a series of matching evaluation indexes were developed according to the ideal matching principle and a standardized treatment for every index was put forward. Considering the different importance of each indexes in different applications, weight of each index was given by using comprehensive method, The evaluation method of the hydraulic torque converter and engine matching was established based on the improved radar map method. The objective function was constructed based on the sum of each evaluation index and the perimeter of radar map. With a hydraulic torque converter of ZL50 loader as an example, the effective diameter of circular circle on hydraulic torque converter was optimized in view of the shovel loading cycle condition. The original size of torque converter effective diameter was 0.340 m. After optimization, the effective diameter of hydraulic torque converter was 0.350 m, and the matching performance of engine and torque converter was increased by 7.4%. The results show that the optimal matching scheme can be improved by using the improved radar map method.

The goal of this paper is to present a methodology to optimize project construction scheduling for intermodal terminal planning problems. To accomplish that goal, an algorithm is developed to optimize dynamically the prioritization for all planned intermodal terminals. Optimized project construction scheduling can mitigate traffic congestion and decrease the total travel time. In addition, it is important to make full use of the intermodal terminals to achieve the maximum benefit with a limited financing plan. Essentially, project construction scheduling for intermodal terminals is intended to determine the optimal sequence of intermodal terminal project construction. This paper presents four concepts: location indicator, volume indicator, node indicator, and general indicator. The general indicator is equal to the weighted sum of the location indicator, volume indicator, and node indicator, and it is the key factor in optimizing project construction scheduling. A case study in Beijing is provided to demonstrate the practicability and feasibility of the proposed method.

The rational lengths of auxiliary lane and its channelization of urban expressway exit play an important role in increasing the exit capacity and decrease the influence to expressway traffic flow from exit. The entrance-exit style exit of diamond interchange was surveyed, and traffic flow data was collected. VISSIM microcosmic simulation model was calibrated and validated using survey data, and the exit of diamond interchange simulation model was built. Using simulation, the authors analyzed the survey data and worked out the recommendation values of auxiliary lane and its channelization length of urban expressway exits.

The discoloration and optical characteristics of the gold plating film under long-time high power laser irradiation are investigated. The fabrication process of gold plating on nickel underplate on rough surface of copper and aluminum alloy substrates is introduced. The measurement results of the diffuse reflectivity for the samples with different surface roughness indicate that roughness of the gold layer surface should be 4μm to obtain the maximum value of diffuse reflectivity. The discoloration and variation of diffuse reflectivity are experimentally studied under 2000W irradiation. The research results show that the discoloration and degrading of reflectivity are caused by the diffusion of Ni to the gold plating surface and forming NiO thin film due to the porosity of the gold film and high temperature treatment. A change of diffuse reflectivity related mechanism is described. Several plating solution recipes are used to eliminate the discoloration and mitigate the degrading of the reflectivity on gold surface.

Modeling of Tm-doped fiber lasers pumped with 793 nm, 1.6 μm and 1.9 μm is presented and compared. Output performance of three different pump schemes with active fiber length, pump power and output reflectivity is investigated. Numerical simulation shows that, with 793 nm pump, the cross relaxation process is of vital importance for high efficient operation of Tm-doped fiber laser. And, 1.9 μm pump scheme is more likely to offer even higher output compared with 793 nm pump and 1.6 μm pump.

In order to clarify the structural characteristics of the bovine MHC class I molecule (BoLA-I) complexed with CD8αα (CD8αα–BoLA-I), bovine CD8αα, BoLA-I (BoLA-2*02201) and β2m were expressed and purified, and were then assembled with a peptide derived fromFoot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV-VP1YY9) and crystallized. The crystal diffracted to 1.7 Å resolution and belonged to space groupP21, with unit-cell parametersa= 53.9,b= 103.8,c= 61.8 Å, α = γ = 90, β = 96°. The asymmetric unit contained one complex, with a Matthews coefficient of 2.41 Å3 Da−1and a solvent content of 48.9%. The rotation-functionZ-score and translation-functionZ-score for molecular replacement were 3.4 and 8.9, respectively. In addition, SDS–PAGE analysis of CD8αα–BoLA-I crystals showed three bands corresponding to the molecular weights of BoLA-I heavy chain, β2m and CD8α. The structure of the CD8αα–BoLA-I complex should be helpful in obtaining insight into the interaction between bovine CD8αα and MHC class I molecules. Structure determination of BoLA-2*02201–FMDV-VP1YY9will be useful in the design of vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease.

A method for direct laser beam diagnostics based on fiber array is introduced. The designing principle and configuration of the method are presented. The experimental results show that it can provide laser power density distribution information with a high spatial resolution better than 3mm and with an error of measurement less than 3%. The theoretical analysis by finite element method(FEM) for laser radiation indicates that this method should be used to measure the high energy laser beam with diameter of several hundred millimeters for tens of seconds. In addition, the results of fiber array technique are compared, qualitatively, with the spatial beam profile obtained by a near infrared charge coupled device(NIR-CCD). These two methods yield consistent results.

The methods for adjusting a single bus line includes adding the bus line, deleting the bus line, shortening the bus line, lengthening the bus line and relocating some stops of the bus line. This paper presents a multi-level evaluation system, which can capture various aspects of concerns in the bus line planning process, including the equilibrium of supply-demand for passengers, the equilibrium of supply-demand for the public transport facility, the rationality of geometry for the bus line, and co-harmony among the bus lines. The proposed method offers the weights for multiple evaluation criteria and multiple indicators for each evaluation criteria using the Delphi method. Whether the adjusting scheme is rational for implementation or not is derived from the result of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE). A case study about shortening a bus line in Beijing is provided to illustrate the proposed model and assist planners in the best understanding.

Measuring far-field laser beam profile is an effective way to study the atmospheric transmission effects of high power laser in a long distance and evaluate the technical performance of high power laser system. Diagnostic technologies for measuring the far-field high power laser beam profile are summarized and their applicable scopes are described. The measuring method based on spatial sampling discrete detector arrays is mainly introduced. Finally, two types of laser beam profilers based on detector array are presented, which are developed by our group recently, and they are respectively suitable for measuring far-field continuous wave high energy laser and high repetition rate pulsed laser.