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Evidence on Market Intraday Momentum (MIM) has been documented in the United states and in some, but not all, major economies. The main results on MIM are broadly robust against transaction costs, which are measured by either quoted spread or effective spread. By using two new spread measures obtained from high and low prices, we show that these measures of transaction cost tend to become smaller toward the end of a trading day, thus establishing MIM in more than 10 years of the 30 min KOSPI index. We also report the solid profitability of such MIM-based trading strategies.

Background: Family with sequence similarity three member (FAM3) plays a crucial role in the malignant development of various cancers of human. Our study aimed to investigate the role of FAM3 family genes in prognosis, immune subtype, tumor immune microenvironment, stemness score, and anticancer drug sensitivity of pan-cancer. Methods: The expression, survival, immune subtype, tumor microenvironment, stemness score, and anticancer drug sensitivity analysis data of FAM3 family genes associated with pan-cancer from UCSC Xena GDC and CellMiner databases. Furthermore, we investigated the tumor cellular functions and clinical prognostic value FAMC3 in pancreatic cancer (PAAD) using cellular experiments and tissue microarray. Results: The results revealed that FAM3 family genes are significantly differential expression in tumor and adjacent normal tissues in 7 cancers (CHOL, HNSC, KICH, LUAD, LUSC, READ, and STAD). The expression of FAM3 family genes were negatively related with the RNAss, and robust correlated with immune type, tumor immune microenvironment and drug sensitivity. Meanwhile, overexpression FAM3C promoted PAAD cell proliferation, migration, invasion and suppressed PAAD cell apoptosis. While knockdown of FAM3C triggered opposite results. High FAM3C expression was associated with duodenal invasion, differentiation and liver metastasis. Conclusion: This study provided a new perspective on the potential therapeutic role of FAM3 family genes in pan-cancer. In particular, FAM3C may be a new marker for PAAD, providing a new idea for the treatment of PAAD.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe pancreatic disorder that remains associated with high mortality due to a lack of effective drugs and management strategies. This study aimed to investigate the molecular pathogenic mechanisms of AP involving p53 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways. Expression of PRSS1 and p53 in human AP tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. AP was induced with caerulein in humanized PRSS1 transgenic mice, and its severity was verified by histological imaging, evaluation of edema, serum amylase, and trypsin activity assays. A transferase-mediated d-UTP nick end-labeling assay was performed to evaluate acinar cell apoptosis associated with AP. The expression of ER stress genes was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. PRSS1 and p53 were highly expressed in human AP tissues. Expression of human PRSS1 in caerulein-treated mice induced significant acinar cell apoptosis and AP progression. P53 knockout significantly suppressed AP progression in humanized PRSS1 transgenic mice. The ER stress pathway was activated by PRSS1 and mediated the progression of AP in mouse pancreatic tissues. Application of a p53 inhibitor effectively ameliorated caerulein-induced AP in PRSS1 transgenic mice, while a p53 activator promoted the progression of AP. P53, which was activated by the ER stress pathway, promoted the progression of AP in mice expressing PRSS1 by inducing acinar cell apoptosis.

To compare the accuracy of three methods for measuring the length of both lower limbs in hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture in the elderly, and to introduce a "shoulder to shoulder" anatomical location marking method for femur.From January 2017 to January 2019, 90 elderly patients with femoral neck fracture were treated with hip replacement, including 39 males and 51 females, aged 65 to 96(78.0±7.4) years, 56 cases of total hip and 34 cases of hemi hip. According to garden classification, there were 7 cases of typeⅡ, 63 cases of type Ⅲ and 20 cases of type Ⅳ. The patients were divided into three groups according to different measurement methods:contralateral contrast method (group A) of 19 cases, shuck test method (group B) of 28 cases, and "shoulder to shoulder" anatomical marker localization method (Group C) of 43 cases. The accuracy of the three methods was compared by measuring the length difference of lower limbs in vitro and imaging.All patients completed the operation successfully. After total hip arthroplasty, the length of lower limbs in group A was(12.9±8.6) mm, and that in group B was(10.3±4.4) mm. After hemiarthroplasty, the length of lower limbs in group A was (13.2±7.2) mm, group B was (8.7±3.5) mm, and group C was (6.3±2.8) mm; the measurement results of unequal length of lower limbs after total hip arthroplasty were(12.9±8.1) mm in group A, (9.6±4.0) mm in group B and (6.6±2.6) mm in group C. The results of factorial analysis of variance showed that the differences among the three groups were statistically significant (The "shoulder to shoulder" anatomic localization marking method can reduce the length of lower limbs simply, effectively and accurately in the elderly patients with femoral neck fracture hip replacement.

In this study, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was electrospun into fibrous membranes and then reacted with NaN3 to generate azido-terminated PVC fibrous membranes. A propargyl-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) was also synthesized and then grafted, through click reactions, onto the azido-terminated PVC fiber surface. Protrusion-, scale-, and joint-like structures of the PNIPAAm grafts on the PVC fibers were formed upon increasing the molecular weight of the PNIPAAm grafts. The PNIPAAm-grafted PVC fibrous mats exhibited completely wetted surfaces at 25 °C because of their high roughness. The static water contact angle of the PNIPAAm-grafted PVC fibrous mats reached 140° when the temperature was increased to 45 °C. This thermoresponsive behavior was significantly greater than that of the PNIPAAm grafted on a flat surface. Temperature-responsive membranes were constructed having a pore size of 1.38 μm and applied as protein valves to block and release an antibody (fluorescein-conjugated AffiniPure goat anti-rabbit IgG). At 25 °C, the collection efficiency remained at 94% for antibody concentrations up to 60 ng/L. As the temperature increased to 45 °C, the collection efficiency decreased abruptly, to 4%, when the antibody concentration was greater than 20 ng/L. Accordingly, this system of PNIPAAm-grafted PVC fibers functioned as a protein valve allowing the capture and concentration of proteins.

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was electrospun as fibrous mats to treat with NaN3. The secondary chlorines of PVC were modified to generate azido-terminated electrospun PVC fibrous mats (EPFMs). Sequentially, propargyl-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) was further synthesized and grafted onto the azido-terminated EPFMs via a click reaction resulting in a scale-like structure on the fibers. The static water contact angles (SWCAs) of the grafted EPFMs reached 0 and 140° when the working temperatures were 25 and 45 °C, respectively. In contrast to the grafts on a smooth surface, the change in SWCA from 25 to 45 °C was enhanced significantly. EPFMs with PNIPAAm grafts could immobilize an antibody (antiHA), and they could be used for an immunosorbent assay. After coupling with an antigen (HRP-HA) at 80 ng mL−1 for 8 min, the hydrophobicity of EPFMs with PNIPAAm grafts disappeared completely at 45 °C. In addition, the grafted EPFMs exhibited a much more dark blue color than those without the PNIPAAm grafts. SWCA below 10° at 45 °C could be exploited as an index to determine the limit of detection (LOD) as 80 ng mL−1. The immunosorbent assay of EPFMs with PNIPAAm grafts experimentally exhibited high potential in a simple set-up for biosensing due to the unique sensitivity and selectivity of the grafted EPFMs.

The long period velocity pulse is recognized as one of the characteristics of near-fault ground motions, and hence the response of vibration modes with lower frequencies will be amplified owing to the resonant effect. In general, the sloshing frequency of storage liquid is low and the period is similar to the pulse period of near-fault ground motions. Compared to the far-field ground motions, the induced sloshing height will be amplified by the near-fault ground motions. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to the resonant effect of near-fault ground motions on the sloshing mode of storage liquid in tanks. An experiment was implemented to study the resonant response of sloshing mode. The purpose of this experiment is to estimate the slosh height and the associated total volume of water splashing out of the tank under near-fault ground motions, and also to determine the relationship between the resonant response and the input velocity pulse. This paper aims to describe the test plan in detail, and it consists of (1) design of the scaled storage tank and water depth, (2) selection and processing of the input motions including the original near-fault ground motions, extracted velocity pulse or extracted bandpass signals for resonance analysis, and also impulse motion for free vibration, (3) setup of measure instrument, and (4) the experimental procedures as well. Preliminary analysis results are compared with the code-specified values that is determined by the industrial standards and guidelines for general seismic conditions. It is noted that the proposed prediction equation can be applied to the seismic design and evaluation of spent fuel pool in nuclear power plants.

Based on the issue of life safety and immediate needs of emergency medical services provided by hospitals after strong earthquakes, this paper aims to introduce a research programme on assessment and improvement strategies for a typical configuration of sprinkler piping systems in hospitals. The study involved component tests and subsystem tests. Cyclic loading tests were conducted to investigate the inelastic behaviour of components including concrete anchorages, screwed fittings of small-bore pipes and couplings. Parts of a horizontal piping system of a seismic damaged sprinkler piping system were tested using shaking table tests. Furthermore, horizontal piping subsystems with seismic resistant devices such as braces, flexible pipes and couplings were also tested. The test results showed that the main cause of damage was the poor capacity of a screwed fitting of the small-bore tee branch. The optimum improvement strategy to achieve a higher nonstructural performance level for the horizontal piping subsystem is to strengthen the main pipe with braces and decrease moment demands on the tee branch by the use of flexible pipes. The hysteresis loops and failure modes of components were further discussed and will be used to conduct numerical analysis of sprinkler piping systems in future studies.

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a severe pancreatic disorder that remains associated with high mortality due to a lack of effective drugs and management strategies. This study aimed to investigate the molecular pathogenic mechanisms of acute pancreatitis involving p53 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways. Methods: Expression of PRSS1 and p53 in human acute pancreatitis tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Acute pancreatitis was induced with caerulein in humanized PRSS1 transgenic mice, and its severity was verified by histological imaging, evaluation of edema, and serum amylase and trypsin activity assays. A transferase mediated d-UTP nick end-labeling assay was performed to evaluate acinar cell apoptosis associated with acute pancreatitis. The expression of ER stress genes was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Results: PRSS1 and p53 were highly expressed in human acute pancreatitis tissues. Expression of human PRSS1 in caerulein-treated mice induced significant acinar cell apoptosis and acute pancreatitis progression. p53 knockout significantly aggravated acute pancreatitis progression in humanized PRSS1 transgenic mice. The ER stress pathway was activated by PRSS1 and mediated the progression of acute pancreatitis in mouse pancreatic tissues. Application of a p53 inhibitor promoted caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in PRSS1 transgenic mice, while a p53 activator ameliorated the progression of acute pancreatitis. Conclusion: P53, which was activated by the ER stress pathway, suppresses the progression of acute pancreatitis in mice expressing PRSS1 by inducing acinar cell apoptosis. Funding: The article is supported by Scientific Research Startup Program of Southern Medical University by High-level University Construction Funding of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education (CX2018N012) & Clinical Research Program of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University (2018CR046) & Clinical Research Startup Program of Southern Medical University by High-level University Construction Funding of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education (LC2016PY011). Declaration of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethical Approval: All experimental procedures performed with mice were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Southern Medical University.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer with an increasing incidence. Aberrant activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is common in human cancers and has been revealed to play an important function in cell proliferation, metabolism and tumorigenesis. In the present study, NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, was revealed to be effective in inhibiting proliferation and inducing cell cycle arrest in MKL-1 cells. Additional investigations revealed that NVP-BEZ235 attenuated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and upregulated the levels of the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27. Overall, the present results possess considerable implications for future development of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor as potential agents in the management of MCC.

We theoretically study the electron transfer properties of a double quantum dot system in dissipative and pure dephasing environments based on a quantum dot contact detector. Theoretical results show that in the dissipative environment, the decoherence caused by the detector would increase the stable value of the average current and Fano factor as functions of time. Meanwhile, we find the existence of the quantum Zeno effect during the process of dynamical evolution. In the case of symmetric DQD, the relaxation caused by the dissipative environment would decrease the amplitude of the average current with time evolution and increase the value of the Fano factor in the long time limit. In the case of asymmetric DQD, the relaxation reduces the peak value of Fano factor over time. In the pure dephasing environment, we find that the frequent measurement would hinder the switch between different current channels during the cotunneling process. This results in a high value of Fano factor. In the case of symmetric DQD, increasing the pure dephasing rate would improve the value of Fano factor. In the case of asymmetric DQD, the dynamical evolution with time is not sensitive to the pure dephasing rate. In addition, it is indicated that the transfer probability of electron in the detector is only affected by the coupling between QPC and DQD. The environments have no effect on the transfer of a single electron in the detector. Our theoretical results provide theoretical references for experimental researchers to study the electron transport properties.

According to the demand of wind farm power fluctuations stabilize and the characteristics of hybrid energy storage system. Taking vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) and supercapacitor (SC) as research object, a hybrid energy storage system optimal configuration model is builted. Combined with expert systems and improved genetic algorithm proposed a hybrid energy storage system to optimize the allocation method. The method first established desire output curve of the wind farm based on grid energy saving efficiency and static voltage stability indicators, then introduce coordinate control strategy based on expert system to improved genetic algorithm to get the result of optimal configuration and verify the correctness of this model and method. Finally, analysis the performance of VRB and SC in a typical days wind farm output situation, verify the conclusions of experts coordinated control strategy can extend the vanadium battery life.

Concrete-filled L-shaped steel tube columns can be used to save architectural space at room corners, and may have many advantages of structural behavior of common concrete-filled steel tubes as columns. In this paper, the seismic behavior of concrete-filled L-shaped steel tube columns (CFLSTs) was investigated. Six specimens subjected to a constant axial load and cyclically varying lateral loading were tested to study the effects of width to depth ratio of section, depth to thickness ratio of steel tube and axial load level on the strength, as well as stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation of CFLST columns. Experimental results showed that the displacement ductility of CFLST columns decreased significantly with the increase of axial load level, and the strength and stiffness degradations of CFLST columns were more significant with higher axial load level. With the increase of depth-thickness ratio of steel tube and depth-width ratio of section, the ductility and the lateral ultimate load-carrying capacity of CFLST columns also decreased gradually. All CFLST columns exhibited favorable energy dissipation and ductility, even for the columns subjected to high axial load, which indicates that this type of composite columns is adoptable in practical engineering, especially in seismic regions.

Chrysoidin is a kind of banned food dye, and it has been illegally used for coloring food. A rapid detection and quantification method is developed and applied in analysis chrysoidin in yuba. Gold nanoparticles are synthesized by using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as the bifunctional ligand to link the solid substrate and the AuNPs. The laser wavelength used for quantitative is 1594 cm⁻¹. Significant differences between different concentrations of chrysoidin are verified by multiple variable analysis. A relationship between the logarithm of the concentrations and the intensity of laser is proved using univariate analysis method. The calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 0.001-0.5 mmol · L⁻¹ with correlation coefficients r = 0.995. The method is successfully applied to the determination of chrysoidin in yuba. The average recoveries of the drugs spiked at 50 and 500 µg · g⁻¹ levels are 82.4% and 116.9%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) are 3.8% and 4.0%. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate in the determination of chrysoidin.

In this study, the electrochemiluminescent (ECL) behavior of Nickel(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine (NiTSPc)/H2O2 on a heated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was investigated. The effect of pH value, electrochemical scan mode, concentration of NiTSPc and electrode surface temperature on the ECL intensities had been studied in detail. Based on the fact that the ECL of NiTSPc can be greatly enhanced by hydrogen peroxide at the ITO electrode, a new ECL biosensor for hydrogen peroxide has been developed. The possible mechanism for the ECL of NiTSPc has also been proposed.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play an important role in regulating osteoblast differentiation and subsequent bone formation, mainly evidenced by the induced osteogenic ability of BMP-2 from BMPs. However, BMP-2 alone does not induce the expected efficacy due to its short retention in vivo. In this study, a novel BMP-2-related peptide (designated P24) derived from the “knuckle epitope” of BMP-2 was coupled covalently to type I collagen derived from rat tail and observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in low vacuum mode. The BMP-2-related peptide/collagen composite was implanted in vivo into the pocket of the quadriceps musculature of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and then harvested 3 or 6 weeks after surgery. It was found that lyophilized collagen retained a porous network structure with an average inner-diameter of 90 ∼ 160 μm. Based on radiographic evaluation and histological examination, BMP-2-related peptide/collagen induced significant ectopic bone formation compared to that of rat tail collagen alone as a control. Our results indicate collagen served as a good carrier for newly synthesized BMP-2-related peptide and that the BMP-2-related peptide/collagen composite was an effective substitute in bone tissue engineering.

An ideal bone graft material is the one characterized with good biocompatibility, biodegradation, osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. In this study, a novel synthetic BMP-2-related peptide (designated P24) corresponding to residues of the knuckle epitope of BMP-2 was introduced into a biomimetic scaffold based on sintered bovine bone or true bone ceramics (TBC) and type I collagen (TBC/collagen I) using a simulated body fluid (SBF). Hydroxylapatite crystal mineralization with a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.63 was observed on the surface of P24/TBC/collagen I composite by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Cell adhesion rate evaluation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) seeded on materials in vitro showed that the percentage of cells attached to P24/TBC/collagen I composite was significantly higher than that of the TBC/collagen I composite. A 10 mm unilateral segmental bone defect was created in the radius of New Zealand white rabbits and randomly implanted with three groups of biomaterials (Group A: P24/TBC/collagen I composite; Group B: TBC/collagen I composite and Group C: TBC alone). Based on radiographic evaluation and histological examination, the implants of P24/TBC/collagen I composite significantly stimulated bone growth, thereby confirming the enhanced rate of bone healing compared with that of TBC/collagen I composite and TBC alone. It was concluded that BMP-2-related peptide P24 could induce nucleation of calcium phosphate crystals on the surface of TBC/collagen I composite. The TBC/collagen I composite loaded with the synthetic BMP-2-related peptide is a promising scaffold biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.

BMP-2 is one of the most important growth factors of bone regeneration. Polylactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), which is used as a biodegradable scaffold for delivering therapeutic agents, has been intensively investigated. In previous studies, we synthesized a novel BMP-2-related peptide (designated P24) and found that it could enhance the osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The objective of this study was to construct a biomimetic composite by incorporating P24 into a modified PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n copolymer to promote bone formation. In vitro, our results demonstrated that PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n scaffolds were shown to be an efficient system for sustained release of P24. Significantly more BMSCs attached to the P24/PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n and PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n membranes than to PLGA, and the cells in the two groups subsequently proliferated more vigorously than those in the PLGA group. The expression of osteogenic markers in P24/PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n group was stronger than that in the PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n and PLGA groups. Radiographic and histological examination, Western blotting and RT-PCR showed that P24/PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n scaffold could induce more effective ectopic bone formation in vivo, as compared with PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n or gelatin sponge alone. It is concluded that the PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n copolymer is a good P24 carrier and can serve as a good scaffold for controlled release of P24. This novel P24/PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n composite promises to be an excellent biomaterial for inducing bone regeneration.

The silver(II)- and manganese(III)-mediated radical reactions of 2-substituted-1,4-naphthoquinones are described. Acyl radicals generated by the oxidative decarboxylation of α-keto acids with silver(I) nitrate and persulfate undergo efficient radical addition to the C=C bond of 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-1,4-naphthoquinones and 2-(1-amidoalkyl)-1,4-naphthoquinones. This reaction provides an effective method for the synthesis of naphtho[2,3-c]furan-4,9-diones and benzo[f]isoindole-4,9-diones. In the presence of O 2 , manganese(III) acetate oxidation of β-keto esters also generates acyl radicals, which then undergo radical addition to 2-(1-amido-alkyl)-1,4-naphthoquinones, and subsequently, benzo[f]iso-indole-4,9-diones are produced.

The present paper presented a fast and non-destructive method for the discrimination of minnan oolong tea varieties by near-infrared spectroscopy technology. Two hundred ten samples including Tieguanyin, Huangjingui, Benshan, Maoxie and Meizhan were collected in different tea plantations of Minnan. NIR spectra of 1,100-1,300 nm and 1,640-2,498 nm were successfully obtained. Prediction model was built by principal component analysis (PCA), and the effects of multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and standard normal variate (SNV) on the model were observed and compared. It was indicated that the effect of MSC on the model was superior for the effect of SNV because the classification accuracy of model for the calibration samples reached 96%, and this number to the prediction samples was about 90%. These results demonstrated that the near-infrared spectroscopy method established could be an efficient and accurate way for the discrimination of minnan oolong teas and would have a strong practical value.

The factors influencing the incidence of common complications (pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage) of CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy of lumps near pulmonary hilum were investigated. CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy of lumps near pulmonary hilum was performed on 48 patients. The complications of pneumothorax and pneumorrhagia as well as the contributing factors were analyzed statistically. The major complications associated with CT-guided needle biopsy included pneumothorax (13 cases, 27.1%) and pulmonary hemorrhage (14 cases, 20.24%). χ(2) test revealed that pneumothorax was associated with the lesion size and depth of needle penetration, and pulmonary hemorrhage with the depth of needle penetration and needle retention time with a significant P value. Pneumothorax was observed in 7 cases (17.5%) out of 40 cases with diameter of mass greater than 3 cm, and in 6 cases (60%) out of 10 cases with depth of needle penetration greater than 4 cm. Additionally, pulmonary hemorrhage was identified in 12 cases (41.4%) out of 29 cases with needle retention time longer than 15 min, and pulmonary hemorrhage in 7 cases (70%) out of 10 cases with depth of needle penetration greater than 4 cm. CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy of lumps near pulmonary hilum is safe and effective. The key factors to prevent the complications include correct evaluation of lesion size, depth of needle penetration and the needle retention time before the operation.

Based on the immediate needs of emergency medical services provided by hospitals after strong earthquakes, this paper is to introduce a research program on assessment and improvement strategies for typical configuration of sprinkler piping systems in hospitals. The study involved component tests and subsystem tests. Cyclic loading tests were conducted to investigate inelastic behavior of components including concrete anchorage, screwed fittings of small bore piping and mechanical couplings. Parts of horizontal piping systems of the aforementioned seismic damaged sprinkler piping system were tested using shaking table tests. Furthermore, the horizontal piping subsystems with seismic resistant devices such as braces, flexible pipes and mechanical couplings were tested. The test results show that the main cause of the damaged case is the poor shear capacity of the screwed fitting of the small-bore tee branch. The optimum improvement strategy to achieve higher nonstructural performance level for the horizontal piping subsystem is to strengthen the main pipe with braces and to decrease shear demands on the tee branch by flexible pipes. The hysteresis loops and failure modes of components were further discussed and will be used to conduct numerical analysis of sprinkler piping systems in future studies.

Based on the initial near-infrared spectrum of edible essence samples and its mixture with DEHP and DINP, we chose the wavelength ranges of 8,800 - 8,540 and 7,500 - 5,085 cm-1 to use the principal component analysis (PCA) method to distinguish these three types of samples. The correct rate of the identification is proved to be 100%. Meanwhile, we measured the content of DEHP and DINP (with the concentration ranging between 0 and 100 mg.kg-1) in the edible essence and established the quantitative analysis model by using partial least squares (PLS). It was found that the relative errors of the prediction results of DEHP and DINP are -1.23% - 3% and -1% - 3.6%, respectively, and the relative root-mean-square errors of prediction (RRMSEP) of them are 1.39 and 0.98, respectively. This study provides a simple, rapid and accurate method to detect the additive dosage of plasticizing agents in edible essence in the food industry.

Silver-catalyzed reaction of hydroxymethyl-substituted naphthoquinones (I) with α-oxocarboxylic acids (II) provides access towards naphtho-fused furan derivatives (III).

A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method coupled with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection for the analysis of glyphosate (GLY) and its major metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is presented. Complete separation of GLY and AMPA was achieved in 8 min using a background electrolyte of 20 mM sodium phosphate (pH 9.0) and a separation voltage of 21 kV. ECL detection was performed with an indium tin oxide (ITO) working electrode bias at 1.6 V (vs. a Pt-wire reference) in a 30 0mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) containing 3.5mM Ru(bpy)3 2+ (where bpy=2.2'-bipyridyl). Linear correlation (r>or=0.997) between ECL intensity and analyte concentration was obtained in the ranges 0.169-16.9 and 5.55-111 microg ml(-1) for GLY and AMPA, respectively. The limits of detection (LODs) for GLY and AMPA in water were 0.06 microg ml(-1) and 4.04 microg ml(-1), respectively. The developed method was applied to the analysis of GLY in soybeans. The LOD of GLY in soybean was 0.6 microg g(-1). Total analysis time including sample pretreatment was less than 1h.

The present paper reports the establishment of an electrochemi-luminescence (ECL) sensor by using screen-printed electrodes(SPE) which contain Ru(bpy)3(2+). The method of making the SPE and the fix of Ru(bpy)3(2+) were studiedin detail. The characters of the sensor were studied. The sensor has been applied to detect C2O4(2-) in solution. Under optimised conditions, at 1.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl, in 0.2 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0), the linger range extends from 3.0 x 10(-7) mol x L(-1) to 1.0 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1), the detection limit is 1.2 x 10(-7) mol x L(-1) (S/N=3). The sensors have good stability and reproductivity. It should be noted that based on the same principle, the sensors can be applied to detect many other compounds, such as amino acids, TprA and NAD. If the screen machine is used to make the SPE, the reproductivity and stability of the SPEs can be improved further.