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1. Search for gamma-ray emission from the Sun during solar minimum with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gao, W., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Li, Z., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. ., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., and Zhu, Q. Q.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The hadronic interaction of cosmic rays with solar atmosphere can produce high energy gamma rays. The gamma-ray luminosity is correlated both with the flux of primary cosmic rays and the intensity of the solar magnetic field. The gamma rays below 200 GeV have been observed by $Fermi$ without any evident energy cutoff. The bright gamma-ray flux above 100 GeV has been detected only during solar minimum. The only available data in TeV range come from the HAWC observations, however outside the solar minimum. The ARGO-YBJ dataset has been used to search for sub-TeV/TeV gamma rays from the Sun during the solar minimum from 2008 to 2010, the same time period covered by the Fermi data. A suitable model containing the Sun shadow, solar disk emission and inverse-Compton emission has been developed, and the chi-square minimization method was used to quantitatively estimate the disk gamma-ray signal. The result shows that no significant gamma-ray signal is detected and upper limits to the gamma-ray flux at 0.3$-$7 TeV are set at 95\% confidence level. In the low energy range these limits are consistent with the extrapolation of the Fermi-LAT measurements taken during solar minimum and are compatible with a softening of the gamma-ray spectrum below 1 TeV. They provide also an experimental upper bound to any solar disk emission at TeV energies. Models of dark matter annihilation via long-lived mediators predicting gamma-ray fluxes > $10^{-7}$ GeV $cm^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$ below 1 TeV are ruled out by the ARGO-YBJ limits.

Published
2019
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2. Galactic Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy in the Northern hemisphere from the ARGO-YBJ Experiment during 2008-2012

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Z. Y., Gao, W., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruffolo, D., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., and Zhu, Q. Q.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

This paper reports on the observation of the sidereal large-scale anisotropy of cosmic rays using data collected by the ARGO-YBJ experiment over 5 years (2008$-$2012). This analysis extends previous work limited to the period from 2008 January to 2009 December,near the minimum of solar activity between cycles 23 and 24.With the new data sample the period of solar cycle 24 from near minimum to maximum is investigated. A new method is used to improve the energy reconstruction, allowing us to cover a much wider energy range, from 4 to 520 TeV. Below 100 TeV, the anisotropy is dominated by two wide regions, the so-called "tail-in" and "loss-cone" features. At higher energies, a dramatic change of the morphology is confirmed. The yearly time dependence of the anisotropy is investigated. Finally, no noticeable variation of cosmic-ray anisotropy with solar activity is observed for a median energy of 7 TeV.

Published
2018
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4. EAS age determination from the study of the lateral distribution of charged particles near the shower axis with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author

Collaboration, ARGO-YBJ, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., and Zhu, Q. Q.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The ARGO-YBJ experiment, a full coverage extensive air shower (EAS) detector located at high altitude (4300 m a.s.l.) in Tibet, China, has smoothly taken data, with very high stability, since November 2007 to the beginning of 2013. The array consisted of a carpet of about 7000 m$^2$ Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) operated in streamer mode and equipped with both digital and analog readout, providing the measurement of particle densities up to few particles per cm$^2$. The unique detector features (full coverage, readout granularity, wide dynamic range, etc) and location (very high altitude) allowed a detailed study of the lateral density profile of charged particles at ground very close to the shower axis and its description by a proper lateral distribution function (LDF). In particular, the information collected in the first 10 m from the shower axis have been shown to provide a very effective tool for the determination of the shower development stage ("age") in the energy range 50 TeV - 10 PeV. The sensitivity of the age parameter to the mass composition of primary Cosmic Rays is also discussed.

Published
2017
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5. Detection of thermal neutrons with the PRISMA-YBJ array in Extensive Air Showers selected by the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Stenkin, . Yu. V., Alekseenko, V. V., Aynutdinov, V., Cai, Z. Y., Guo, X. W., Liu, Y., Rulev, V., Shchegolev, O. B., Stepanov, V., Volchenko, V., and Zhang, H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report on a measurement of thermal neutrons, generated by the hadronic component of extensive air showers (EAS), by means of a small array of EN-detectors developed for the PRISMA project (PRImary Spectrum Measurement Array), novel devices based on a compound alloy of ZnS(Ag) and $^{6}$LiF. This array has been operated within the ARGO-YBJ experiment at the high altitude Cosmic Ray Observatory in Yangbajing (Tibet, 4300 m a.s.l.). Due to the tight correlation between the air shower hadrons and thermal neutrons, this technique can be envisaged as a simple way to estimate the number of high energy hadrons in EAS. Coincident events generated by primary cosmic rays of energies greater than 100 TeV have been selected and analyzed. The EN-detectors have been used to record simultaneously thermal neutrons and the air shower electromagnetic component. The density distributions of both components and the total number of thermal neutrons have been measured. The correlation of these data with the measurements carried out by ARGO-YBJ confirms the excellent performance of the EN-detector., Comment: 35 pages, 16 figures

Published
2015
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6. 4.5 years multi-wavelength observations of Mrk 421 during the ARGO-YBJ and Fermi common operation time

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., Damone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., and Zhu, Q. Q.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report on the extensive multi-wavelength observations of the blazar Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) covering radio to gamma-rays, during the 4.5 year period of ARGO-YBJ and Fermi common operation time, from August 2008 to February 2013. In particular, thanks to the ARGO-YBJ and Fermi data, the whole energy range from 100 MeV to 10 TeV is covered without any gap. In the observation period, Mrk 421 showed both low and high activity states at all wavebands. The correlations among flux variations in different wavebands were analyzed. Seven large flares, including five X-ray flares and two GeV gamma-ray flares with variable durations (3-58 days), and one X-ray outburst phase were identified and used to investigate the variation of the spectral energy distribution with respect to a relative quiescent phase. During the outburst phase and the seven flaring episodes, the peak energy in X-rays is observed to increase from sub-keV to few keV. The TeV gamma-ray flux increases up to 0.9-7.2 times the flux of the Crab Nebula. The behavior of GeV gamma-rays is found to vary depending on the flare, a feature that leads us to classify flares into three groups according to the GeV flux variation. Finally, the one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model was adopted to describe the emission spectra. Two out of three groups can be satisfactorily described using injected electrons with a power-law spectral index around 2.2, as expected from relativistic diffuse shock acceleration, whereas the remaining group requires a harder injected spectrum. The underlying physical mechanisms responsible for different groups may be related to the acceleration process or to the environment properties., Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, Accepted for publication in ApJS

Published
2015
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7. Study of the diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic plane with ARGO-YBJ

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., and Zizzi, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The events recorded by ARGO-YBJ in more than five years of data collection have been analyzed to determine the diffuse gamma-ray emission in the Galactic plane at Galactic longitudes 25{\deg} < l < 100{\deg} and Galactic latitudes . The energy range covered by this analysis, from ~350 GeV to ~2 TeV, allows the connection of the region explored by Fermi with the multi-TeV measurements carried out by Milagro. Our analysis has been focused on two selected regions of the Galactic plane, i.e., 40{\deg} < l < 100{\deg} and 65{\deg} < l < 85{\deg} (the Cygnus region), where Milagro observed an excess with respect to the predictions of current models. Great care has been taken in order to mask the most intense gamma-ray sources, including the TeV counterpart of the Cygnus cocoon recently identified by ARGO-YBJ, and to remove residual contributions. The ARGO-YBJ results do not show any excess at sub-TeV energies corresponding to the excess found by Milagro, and are consistent with the predictions of the Fermi model for the diffuse Galactic emission. From the measured energy distribution we derive spectral indices and the differential flux at 1 TeV of the diffuse gamma-ray emission in the sky regions investigated., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, published in APJ

Published
2015
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8. The analog Resistive Plate Chamber detector of the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari1, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini1, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., and Zhu, Q. Q.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The ARGO-YBJ experiment has been in stable data taking from November 2007 till February 2013 at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Observatory (4300 m a.s.l.). The detector consists of a single layer of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) ( about 6700 m^2}) operated in streamer mode. The signal pick-up is obtained by means of strips facing one side of the gas volume. The digital readout of the signals, while allows a high space-time resolution in the shower front reconstruction, limits the measurable energy to a few hundred TeV. In order to fully investigate the 1-10 PeV region, an analog readout has been implemented by instrumenting each RPC with two large size electrodes facing the other side of the gas volume. Since December 2009 the RPC charge readout has been in operation on the entire central carpet (about 5800 m^2). In this configuration the detector is able to measure the particle density at the core position where it ranges from tens to many thousands of particles per m^2. Thus ARGO-YBJ provides a highly detailed image of the charge component at the core of air showers. In this paper we describe the analog readout of RPCs in ARGO-YBJ and discuss both the performance of the system and the physical impact on the EAS measurements.

Published
2015
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9. The cosmic ray proton plus helium energy spectrum measured by the ARGO-YBJ experiment in the energy range 3-300 TeV

Author

Collaboration, The ARGO-YBJ, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Settanta, G., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., and Zhu, Q. Q.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The ARGO-YBJ experiment is a full-coverage air shower detector located at the Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Observatory (Tibet, People's Republic of China, 4300 m a.s.l.). The high altitude, combined with the full-coverage technique, allows the detection of extensive air showers in a wide energy range and offer the possibility of measuring the cosmic ray proton plus helium spectrum down to the TeV region, where direct balloon/space-borne measurements are available. The detector has been in stable data taking in its full configuration from November 2007 to February 2013. In this paper the measurement of the cosmic ray proton plus helium energy spectrum is presented in the region 3-300 TeV by analyzing the full collected data sample. The resulting spectral index is $\gamma = -2.64 \pm 0.01$. These results demonstrate the possibility of performing an accurate measurement of the spectrum of light elements with a ground based air shower detector., Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, preprint submitted to Phys. Rev. D

Published
2015
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10. Search for GeV Gamma Ray Bursts with the ARGO-YBJ Detector: Summary of Eight Years of Observations

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., and Zizzi, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The search for Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) emission in the energy range 1-100 GeV in coincidence with the satellite detection has been carried out using the Astrophysical Radiation with Ground-based Observatory at YangBaJing (ARGO-YBJ) experiment. The high altitude location (4300 m a.s.l.), the large active surface ($\sim$ 6700 m$^2$ of Resistive Plate Chambers), the wide field of view ($\sim 2~$sr, limited only by the atmospheric absorption) and the high duty cycle ($>$ 86 %) make the ARGO-YBJ experiment particularly suitable to detect short and unexpected events like GRBs. With the scaler mode technique, i.e., counting all the particles hitting the detector with no measurement of the primary energy and arrival direction, the minimum threshold of $\sim$ 1 GeV can be reached, overlapping the direct measurements carried out by satellites. During the experiment lifetime, from December 17, 2004 to February 7, 2013, a total of 206 GRBs occurring within the ARGO-YBJ field of view (zenith angle $\theta$ $\le$ 45$^{\circ}$) have been analyzed. This is the largest sample of GRBs investigated with a ground-based detector. Two lightcurve models have been assumed and since in both cases no significant excess has been found, the corresponding fluence upper limits in the 1-100 GeV energy region have been derived, with values as low as 10$^{-5}~$erg cm$^{-2}$. The analysis of a subset of 24 GRBs with known redshift has been used to constrain the fluence extrapolation to the GeV region together with possible cutoffs under different assumptions on the spectrum., Comment: 43 pages, 6 figures, published in APJ

Published
2015
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11. The Knee of the Cosmic Hydrogen and Helium Spectrum below 1 PeV Measured by ARGO-YBJ and a Cherenkov Telescope of LHAASO

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zizzi, G., Bai, Y. X., Chen, M. J., Chen, Y., Feng, S. H., Gao, B., Gu, M. H., Hou, C., Li, X. X., Liu, J. L., Wang, X., Xiao, G., Zhang, B. K., Zhang, S. S., Zhou, B., and Zuo, X.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The measurement of cosmic ray energy spectra, in particular for individual species, is an essential approach in finding their origin. Locating the "knees" of the spectra is an important part of the approach and has yet to be achieved. Here we report a measurement of the mixed Hydrogen and Helium spectrum using the combination of the ARGO-YBJ experiment and of a prototype Cherenkov telescope for the LHAASO experiment. A knee feature at 640+/-87 TeV, with a clear steepening of the spectrum, is observed. This gives fundamental inputs to galactic cosmic ray acceleration models.

Published
2015
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12. Identification of the TeV Gamma-ray Source ARGO J2031+4157 with the Cygnus Cocoon

Author

Collaboration, The ARGO-YBJ, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., DAmone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. DEttorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., and Zizzi, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The extended TeV gamma-ray source ARGO J2031+4157 (or MGRO J2031+41) is positionally consistent with the Cygnus Cocoon discovered by $Fermi$-LAT at GeV energies in the Cygnus superbubble. Reanalyzing the ARGO-YBJ data collected from November 2007 to January 2013, the angular extension and energy spectrum of ARGO J2031+4157 are evaluated. After subtracting the contribution of the overlapping TeV sources, the ARGO-YBJ excess map is fitted with a two-dimensional Gaussian function in a square region of $10^{\circ}\times 10^{\circ}$, finding a source extension $\sigma_{ext}$= 1$^{\circ}$.8$\pm$0$^{\circ}$.5. The observed differential energy spectrum is $dN/dE =(2.5\pm0.4) \times 10^{-11}(E/1 TeV)^{-2.6\pm0.3}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ TeV$^{-1}$, in the energy range 0.2-10 TeV. The angular extension is consistent with that of the Cygnus Cocoon as measured by $Fermi$-LAT, and the spectrum also shows a good connection with the one measured in the 1-100 GeV energy range. These features suggest to identify ARGO J2031+4157 as the counterpart of the Cygnus Cocoon at TeV energies. The Cygnus Cocoon, located in the star-forming region of Cygnus X, is interpreted as a cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays related to the Cygnus superbubble. The spectral similarity with Supernova Remnants indicates that the particle acceleration inside a superbubble is similar to that in a SNR. The spectral measurements from 1 GeV to 10 TeV allows for the first time to determine the possible spectrum slope of the underlying particle distribution. A hadronic model is adopted to explain the spectral energy distribution., Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, has been accepted by ApJ for publication

Published
2014
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13. Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Protons and Helium Nuclei by a Hybrid Measurement at 4300 m a.s.l

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Bolognino, I., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Melcarne, A. K. Calabrese, Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Panareo, M., Panico, B., Perrone, L., Pistilli8, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Sbano, S. N., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Collaboration, G. Zizzi for ARGO-YBJ, Bai, Y. X., Chen, M. J., Chen, Y., Feng, S. H., Gao, B., Gu, M. H., Hou, C., Li, X. X., Liu, J. L., Wang, X., Xiao, G., Zhang, B. K., Zhang, S. S., Zhou, B., and Collaboration, X. Zuo for LHAASO

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The energy spectrum of cosmic Hydrogen and Helium nuclei has been measured, below the so-called "knee", by using a hybrid experiment with a wide field-of-view Cherenkov telescope and the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) array of the ARGO-YBJ experiment at 4300 m above sea level. The Hydrogen and Helium nuclei have been well separated from other cosmic ray components by using a multi-parameter technique. A highly uniform energy resolution of about 25% is achieved throughout the whole energy range (100 TeV - 700 TeV). The observed energy spectrum is compatible with a single power law with index gamma=-2.63+/-0.06., Comment: To be published on Chinese Physics C

Published
2014
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14. TeV gamma-ray survey of the Northern sky using the ARGO-YBJ detector

Author

Collaboration, The ARGO-YBJ, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Bolognino, I., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Melcarne, A. K. Calabrese, Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., DAmone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. DEttorre, Di Girolamo, T., Ding, X. H., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Panareo, M., Panico, B., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Sbano, S. N., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, B., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xu, B., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., and Zizzi, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The ARGO-YBJ detector is an extensive air shower array that has been used to monitor the northern $\gamma$-ray sky at energies above 0.3 TeV from 2007 November to 2013 January. In this paper, we present the results of a sky survey in the declination band from $-10^{\circ}$ to $70^{\circ}$, using data recorded over the past five years. With an integrated sensitivity ranging from 0.24 to $\sim$1 Crab units depending on the declination, six sources have been detected with a statistical significance greater than 5 standard deviations. Several excesses are also reported as potential $\gamma$-ray emitters. The features of each source are presented and discussed. Additionally, $95\%$ confidence level upper limits of the flux from the investigated sky region are shown. Specific upper limits for 663 GeV $\gamma$-ray AGNs inside the ARGO-YBJ field of view are reported. The effect of the absorption of $\gamma$-rays due to the interaction with extragalactic background light is estimated., Comment: 30 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for publication by ApJ

Published
2013
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15. Observation of TeV gamma-rays from the unidentified source HESS J1841-055 with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author

Collaboration, The ARGO-YBJ, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Bolognino, I., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Melcarne, A. K. Calabrese, Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cattaneo, C., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., Staiti, G. DAli, DAmone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. DEttorre, Di Girolamo, T., Ding, X. H., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Galeazzi, F., Giroletti, E., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., James, I., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Pagliaro, A., Panareo, M., Panico, B., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Sbano, S. N., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, B., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xu, B., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., and Zizzi, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report the observation of a very high energy \gamma-ray source, whose position is coincident with HESS J1841-055. This source has been observed for 4.5 years by the ARGO-YBJ experiment from November 2007 to July 2012. Its emission is detected with a statistical significance of 5.3 standard deviations. Parameterizing the source shape with a two-dimensional Gaussian function we estimate an extension \sigma=(0.40(+0.32,-0.22}) degree, consistent with the HESS measurement. The observed energy spectrum is dN/dE =(9.0-+1.6) x 10^{-13}(E/5 TeV)^{-2.32-+0.23} photons cm^{-2} s^{-1} TeV^{-1}, in the energy range 0.9-50 TeV. The integral \gamma-ray flux above 1 TeV is 1.3-+0.4 Crab units, which is 3.2-+1.0 times the flux derived by HESS. The differences in the flux determination between HESS and ARGO-YBJ, and possible counterparts at other wavelengths are discussed., Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, have been accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2013
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16. Intrinsic linearity of bakelite Resistive Plate Chambers operated in streamer mode

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X.J., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S.Z., Chen, T.L., Creti, P., Cui, S.W., Dai, B.Z., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C.F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q.B., Guo, Y.Q., He, H.H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H.Y., Labaciren, Li, H.J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M.Y., Lu, H., Ma, L.L., Ma, X.H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S.M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C.C., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P.R., Sheng, X.D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y.H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C.Y., Wu, H.R., Xue, L., Yang, Q.Y., Yang, X.C., Yao, Z.G., Yuan, A.F., Zha, M., Zhang, H.M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X.Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X.X., Zhu, F.R., Zhu, Q.Q., and Zizzi, G.

Published
2019
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17. Long-term Monitoring on Mrk 501 for Its VHE gamma Emission and a Flare in October 2011

Author

Collaboration, The ARGO-YBJ, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Bleve, C., Bolognino, I., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Melcarne, A. K. Calabrese, Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cattaneo, C., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., Staiti, G. DAl, Danzengluobu, Dattoli, M., De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Ding, X. H., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Galeazzi, F., Giroletti, E., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., James, I., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Pagliaro, A., Panareo, M., Panico, B., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Stanescu, C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, B., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xu, B., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., and Zizzi, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

As one of the brightest active blazars in both X-ray and very high energy $\gamma$-ray bands, Mrk 501 is very useful for physics associated with jets from AGNs. The ARGO-YBJ experiment is monitoring it for $\gamma$-rays above 0.3 TeV since November 2007. Starting from October 2011 the largest flare since 2005 is observed, which lasts to about April 2012. In this paper, a detailed analysis is reported. During the brightest $\gamma$-rays flaring episodes from October 17 to November 22, 2011, an excess of the event rate over 6 $\sigma$ is detected by ARGO-YBJ in the direction of Mrk 501, corresponding to an increase of the $\gamma$-ray flux above 1 TeV by a factor of 6.6$\pm$2.2 from its steady emission. In particular, the $\gamma$-ray flux above 8 TeV is detected with a significance better than 4 $\sigma$. Based on time-dependent synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) processes, the broad-band energy spectrum is interpreted as the emission from an electron energy distribution parameterized with a single power-law function with an exponential cutoff at its high energy end. The average spectral energy distribution for the steady emission is well described by this simple one-zone SSC model. However, the detection of $\gamma$-rays above 8 TeV during the flare challenges this model due to the hardness of the spectra. Correlations between X-rays and $\gamma$-rays are also investigated., Comment: have been accepted for publication at ApJ

Published
2012
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18. Observation of TeV gamma rays from the Cygnus region with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Bleve, C., Bolognino, I., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Melcarne, A. K. Calabrese, Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cattaneo, C., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., Staiti, G. D'Alí, Danzengluobu, Dattoli, M., De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Ding, X. H., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Galeazzi, F., Giroletti, E., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., James, I., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Pagliaro, A., Panareo, M., Panico, B., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Stanescu, C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, B., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xu, B., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., and Zizzi, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report the observation of TeV gamma-rays from the Cygnus region using the ARGO-YBJ data collected from 2007 November to 2011 August. Several TeV sources are located in this region including the two bright extended MGRO J2019+37 and MGRO J2031+41. According to the Milagro data set, at 20 TeV MGRO J2019+37 is the most significant source apart from the Crab Nebula. No signal from MGRO J2019+37 is detected by the ARGO-YBJ experiment, and the derived flux upper limits at 90% confidence level for all the events above 600 GeV with medium energy of 3 TeV are lower than the Milagro flux, implying that the source might be variable and hard to be identified as a pulsar wind nebula. The only statistically significant (6.4 standard deviations) gamma-ray signal is found from MGRO J2031+41, with a flux consistent with the measurement by Milagro., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures

Published
2012
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19. Long-term monitoring of the TeV emission from Mrk 421 with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author

Collaboration, The ARGO-YBJ, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Bleve, C., Bolognino, I., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Melcarne, A. K. Calabrese, Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cappa, A., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cattaneo, C., Celio, P., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., Staiti, G. D'Alí, Danzengluobu, Dattoli, M., De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Ding, X. H., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Galeazzi, F., Galeotti, P., Giroletti, E., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., James, I., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Pagliaro, A., Panareo, M., Panico, B., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Qu, X. B., Rossi, E., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Stanescu, C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, B., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xu, B., Xue, L., Yan, Y. X., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., and Zizzi, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

ARGO-YBJ is an air shower detector array with a fully covered layer of resistive plate chambers. It is operated with a high duty cycle and a large field of view. It continuously monitors the northern sky at energies above 0.3 TeV. In this paper, we report a long-term monitoring of Mrk 421 over the period from 2007 November to 2010 February. This source was observed by the satellite-borne experiments Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer and Swift in the X-ray band. Mrk 421 was especially active in the first half of 2008. Many flares are observed in both X-ray and gamma-ray bands simultaneously. The gamma-ray flux observed by ARGO-YBJ has a clear correlation with the X-ray flux. No lag between the X-ray and gamma-ray photons longer than 1 day is found. The evolution of the spectral energy distribution is investigated by measuring spectral indices at four different flux levels. Hardening of the spectra is observed in both X-ray and gamma-ray bands. The gamma-ray flux increases quadratically with the simultaneously measured X-ray flux. All these observational results strongly favor the synchrotron self-Compton process as the underlying radiative mechanism., Comment: 30 pages, 8 figures

Published
2011
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20. Mean Interplanetary Magnetic Field Measurement Using the ARGO-YBJ Experiment

Author

Aielli, G., Bacci, C., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Bleve, C., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Melcarne, A. K. Calabrese, Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cappa, A., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cattaneo, C., Celio, P., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., Staiti, G. D'Alí, Danzengluobu, Dattoli, M., De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, De Vincenzi, M., Di Girolamo, T., Ding, X. H., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Z. Y., Feng, Zhenyong, Galeazzi, F., Galeotti, P., Gargana, R., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., James, I., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Liberti, B., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, M. Y., Liu, J., Lu, H., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Meng, X. R., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Pagliaro, A., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Qu, X. B., Rossi, E., Ruggieri, F., Saggese, L., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Stanescu, C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, B., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Yao, Z. G., Xu, B., Xue, L., Yan, Y. X., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, JiLong, Zhang, JianLi, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., and Zizzi, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The sun blocks cosmic ray particles from outside the solar system, forming a detectable shadow in the sky map of cosmic rays detected by the ARGO-YBJ experiment in Tibet. Because the cosmic ray particles are positive charged, the magnetic field between the sun and the earth deflects them from straight trajectories and results in a shift of the shadow from the true location of the sun. Here we show that the shift measures the intensity of the field which is transported by the solar wind from the sun to the earth., Comment: 6 papges,3 figures

Published
2011
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21. Absolute-energy-scale calibration of ARGO-YBJ for light primaries in multi-TeV region with the Moon shadow observation

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X.J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S.Z., Chen, T.L., Cui, S.W., Dai, B.Z., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C.F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q.B., Guo, Y.Q., He, H.H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H.Y., Labaciren, Li, H.J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M.Y., Lu, H., Ma, L.L., Ma, X.H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S.M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C.C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P.R., Sheng, X.D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y.H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C.Y., Wu, H.R., Xue, L., Yang, Q.Y., Yang, X.C., Yao, Z.G., Yuan, A.F., Zha, M., Zhang, H.M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X.Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X.X., Zhu, F.R., Zhu, Q.Q., and collaboration), (The ARGO-YBJ

Published
2017
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22. Calibration of the RPC charge readout in the ARGO-YBJ experiment with the iso-gradient method

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X.J., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S.Z., Chen, T.L., Creti, P., Cui, S.W., Dai, B.Z., D׳Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., D׳Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C.F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q.B., Guo, Y.Q., He, H.H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H.Y., Labaciren, Li, H.J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M.Y., Lu, H., Ma, L.L., Ma, X.H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S.M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C.C., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P.R., Sheng, X.D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y.H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C.Y., Wu, H.R., Xue, L., Yang, Q.Y., Yang, X.C., Yao, Z.G., Yuan, A.F., Zha, M., Zhang, H.M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X.Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X.X., Zhu, F.R., Zhu, Q.Q., and Zizzi, G.

Published
2015
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23. Cosmic ray shower rate variations detected by the ARGO-YBJ experiment during thunderstorms

Author

Axikegu, null, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, null, De Mitri, I., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B. D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhenyong, Gao, W., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, null, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, null, Zhaxisangzhu, null, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Axikegu, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, Xj, Cao, Z, Catalanotti, S, Chen, Sz, Chen, Tl, Cui, Sw, Dai, Bz, D'Amone, A, Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I, Piazzoli, Bdd, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciacio, G, Feng, Cf, Feng, Zy, Gao, W, Gou, Qb, Guo, Yq, He, Hh, Hu, Hb, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, Jia, Hy, Labaciren, Li, Hj, Liu, C, Liu, J, Liu, My, Lu, H, Ma, Ll, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Sm, Marcella, G, Matroinni, S, Montini, P, Ning, Cc, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, R, Sheng, Xd, Shi, F, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vallania, P, Vemetto, S, Vkorito, C, Wang, H, Wu, Cy, Wu, R, Xue, L, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Yao, Zg, Yuan, A, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, L, Zhang, Xy, Zhang, Y, Zhao, J, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, Xx, Zhu, R, Zhu, Qq, Axikegu, Null, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, De Mitri, I., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B. D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhenyong, Gao, W., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Null, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Null, Zhaxisangzhu, Null, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., and Zhu, Q. Q.

Subjects
Cosmic ray, thunderstorm
Abstract

The ARGO-YBJ detector, located at the Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (4300 m a. s. l., Tibet, China), was a "full coverage" air shower array. The high altitude location and the frequent occurrence of thunderstorms, made ARGO-YBJ suitable to study the effects of atmospheric electric fields (AEF) on secondary cosmic rays. By analyzing the data of the ARGO-YBJ detector recorded during thunderstorms, significant variations of the rate of detected showers have been observed. During 20 thunderstorm episodes in 2012, the variations of the shower rates (both increases and decreases of amplitudes up to a few percent) are found to be correlated to the intensity and polarity of the AEF, and strongly dependent on the primary zenith angle. To understand the observed behavior, Monte Carlo simulations have been performed with CORSIKA and G4argo (a code based on GEANT4). We found that the data are well consistent with simulations, assuming the presence of a uniform electric field in a layer of thickness of 500 m in the atmosphere above the observation level. Due to the AEF accelerates/decelerates and deflects the secondary charged particles (mainly electrons and positrons) according to their charge, modifying the number and position of particles with energy exceeding the detector threshold. For the differences in electron and positron flux, spectrum, and lateral distribution, the AEF has an asymmetric effect on the shower particles, producing significant variations of the particle pattern on the ground, and, consequently, on the rate of detected showers, consistent with observations.

Published
2022

24. Radon contribution to single particle counts of the ARGO-YBJ detector

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X.J., Bolognino, I., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cattaneo, C., Chen, S.Z., Chen, T.L., Creti, P., Cui, S.W., Dai, B.Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C.F., Zhaoyang Feng, Zhenyong Feng, Giroletti, E., Gou, Q.B., Guo, Y.Q., He, H.H., Haibing Hu, Hongbo Hu, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H.Y., Labaciren, Li, H.J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M.Y., Lu, H., Ma, L.L., Ma, X.H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S.M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C.C., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P.R., Sheng, X.D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y.H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C.Y., Wu, H.R., Xue, L., Yang, Q.Y., Yang, X.C., Yao, Z.G., Yuan, A.F., Zha, M., Zhang, H.M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X.Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X.X., Zhu, F.R., Zhu, Q.Q., and Zizzi, G.

Published
2014
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25. Cosmic ray shower rate variations detected by the ARGO-YBJ experiment during thunderstorms

Author

Axikegu, Bartoli B., Bernardini P., Bi X. J., Cao Z., Catalanotti S., Chen S. Z., Chen T. L., Cui S. W., Dai B. Z., D'Amone A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri I., D'Ettorre Piazzoli B. D., Di Girolamo T., Di Sciascio G., Feng C. F., Feng Z., Gao W., Gou Q. B., Guo Y. Q., He H. H., Hu H., Iacovacci M., Iuppa R., Jia H. Y., Labaciren, Li H. J., Liu C., Liu J., Liu M. Y., Lu H., Ma L. L., Ma X. H., Mancarella G., Mari S. M., Marsella G., Mastroianni S., Montini P., Ning C. C., Perrone L., Pistilli P., Salvini P., Santonico R., Shen P. R., Sheng X. D., Shi F., Surdo A., Tan Y. H., Vallania P., Vernetto S., Vigorito C., Wang H., Wu C. Y., Wu H. R., Xue L., Yang Q. Y., Yang X. C., Yao Z. G., Yuan A. F., Zha M., Zhang H. M., Zhang L., Zhang X. Y., Zhang Y., Zhao J., Zhaxiciren Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou X. X., Zhu F. R., Zhu Q. Q., Axikegu, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B. D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Z., Gao, W., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, H., Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., and Zhu, Q. Q.

Abstract

The ARGO-YBJ detector, located at the Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (4300 m a. s. l., Tibet, China), was a full coverageair shower array. The high altitude location and the frequent occurrence of thunderstorms, made ARGO-YBJ suitable to study the effects of atmospheric electric fields (AEF) on secondary cosmic rays. By analyzing the data of the ARGO-YBJ detector recorded during thunderstorms, significant variations of the rate of detected showers have been observed. During 20 thunderstorm episodes in 2012, the variations of the shower rates (both increases and decreases of amplitudes up to a few percent) are found to be correlated to the intensity and polarity of the AEF, and strongly dependent on the primary zenith angle. To understand the observed behavior, Monte Carlo simulations have been performed with corsika and g4argo (a code based on geant4). We found that the data are well consistent with simulations, assuming the presence of a uniform electric field in a layer of thickness of 500 m in the atmosphere above the observation level. Due to the AEF accelerates/decelerates and deflects the secondary charged particles (mainly electrons and positrons) according to their charge, modifying the number and position of particles with energy exceeding the detector threshold. For the differences in electron and positron flux, spectrum, and lateral distribution, the AEF has an asymmetric effect on the shower particles, producing significant variations of the particle pattern on the ground, and, consequently, on the rate of detected showers, consistent with observations.

Published
2022

26. Intrinsic linearity of bakelite Resistive Plate Chambers operated in streamer mode

Author

M. Iacovacci, L. L. Ma, X. H. Ma, Hongbo Hu, X. Y. Zhang, Minghui Liu, L. Perrone, Zihuang Cao, P. Creti, Haifeng Li, R. Santonico, Yicheng Guo, J. B. Zhao, P. Salvini, A. Budano, Chang-Chun Ning, Cunfeng Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Fudong Shi, Z. G. Yao, C. Y. Wu, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, H. Lu, F. R. Zhu, S. Mastroianni, Danzengluobu, G. Di Sciascio, I. De Mitri, S. M. Mari, X. C. Yang, Piero Vallania, T. L. Chen, Zhaxiciren, G. Liguori, L. Xue, Paolo Camarri, Zhenyong Feng, B. Bartoli, C. X. Liu, H. W. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, J. K. K. Liu, H. Y. Jia, Longzhou Zhang, Q. Q. Zhu, M. Zha, X. J. Bi, M. Panareo, G. Mancarella, S. W. Cui, S. Z. Chen, T. Di Girolamo, H. R. Wu, B. Z. Dai, F. Ruggieri, P. Branchini, Q. B. Gou, A. F. Yuan, Labaciren, Q. Y. Yang, G. Zizzi, H. H. He, Y. H. Tan, A. D'Amone, X. D. Sheng, Paolo Bernardini, Paolo Montini, R. Iuppa, R. Cardarelli, G. Marsella, S. Vernetto, Pengnian Shen, S. Catalanotti, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, A. Surdo, Carlo Vigorito, Haibing Hu, Y. Zhang, D. Martello, Bartoli B., Bernardini P., Bi X. J., Branchini P., Budano A., Camarri P., Cao Z., Cardarelli R., Catalanotti S., Chen S. Z., Chen T. L., Creti P., Cui S. W., Dai B. Z., D'Amone A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri I., D'Ettorre Piazzoli B., Di Girolamo T., Di Sciascio G., Feng C. F., Feng Z., Gou Q. B., Guo Y. Q., He H. H., Hu H., Iacovacci M., Iuppa R., Jia H. Y., Labaciren, Li H. J., Liguori G., Liu C., Liu J., Liu M. Y., Lu H., Ma L. L., Ma X. H., Mancarella G., Mari S. M., Marsella G., Martello D., Mastroianni S., Montini P., Ning C. C., Panareo M., Perrone L., Pistilli P., Ruggieri F., Salvini P., Santonico R., Shen P. R., Sheng X. D., Shi F., Surdo A., Tan Y. H., Vallania P., Vernetto S., Vigorito C., Wang H., Wu C. Y., Wu H. R., Xue L., Yang Q. Y., Yang X. C., Yao Z. G., Yuan A. F., Zha M., Zhang H. M., Zhang L., Zhang X. Y., Zhang Y., Zhao J., Zhaxiciren Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou X. X., Zhu F. R., Zhu Q. Q., Zizzi G., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., De Mitri, I., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Z., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, H., Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Li, H. J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zizzi, G., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Labaciren, Null, Zhaxiciren, Null, and Zhaxisangzhu, Null

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Intrinsic linearity, Streamer mode, Cosmic ray, Calorimetry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Bakelite, Particle density, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Physics, Resistive touchscreen, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Linearity, RPC detector, Streamer mode, Intrinsic linearity, Calorimetry, chemistry, Particle, Physics::Accelerator Physics, RPC detector, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Resistive Plate Chambers have largely been used in High Energy Physics and Cosmic Ray research. In view of using this detector for calorimetry applications it is important to know the maximum measurable particle density, or its intrinsic linearity limit, which is tightly related to the dimension of the discharge region. In this paper we report the results of measurements performed at the Beam Test Facility (INFN National Laboratory of Frascati, Italy) where the intrinsic linearity of bakelite RPCs operated in streamer mode has been tested at different impinging particle densities.

Published
2019

27. Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from the Sun during Solar Minimum with the ARGO-YBJ Experiment

Author

C. Y. Wu, Labaciren, Q. Y. Yang, P. Montini, X. H. Ma, C. C. Ning, Haifeng Li, C. Q. Liu, Q. B. Gou, Q. Q. Zhu, L. Zhang, T. L. Chen, Danzengluobu, C. Vigorito, P. Bernardini, R. Santonico, Zhaxisangzhu, Hongbo Hu, Yicheng Guo, A. Surdo, Y. H. Tan, P. R. Shen, X. C. Yang, H. Y. Jia, H. R. Wu, S. Catalanotti, B. Z. Dai, J. Zhao, Huihai He, Zhaoyang Feng, F. R. Zhu, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, H. Lu, Minghui Liu, G. Di Sciascio, X. Y. Zhang, Zihou Li, G. Mancarella, I. De Mitri, T. Di Girolamo, Zhaxiciren, Xiangdong Sheng, R. Iuppa, S. W. Cui, A. F. Yuan, S. Vernetto, S. Z. Chen, A. D'Amone, Cunfeng Feng, H. Wang, S. Mastroianni, Y. J. Zhang, Haibing Hu, B. Bartoli, X. J. Bi, L. Perrone, J. K. K. Liu, L. L. Ma, W. Gao, M. Zha, Zhenyong Feng, X. X. Zhou, P. Vallania, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, L. Xue, Z. G. Yao, M. Iacovacci, Zhengguo Cao, F. Shi, P. Salvini, G. Marsella, S. M. Mari, Bartoli B., Bernardini P., Bi X. J., Cao Z., Catalanotti S., Chen S. Z., Chen T. L., Cui S. W., Dai B. Z., D'Amone A., Danzengluobu, Mitri I. D., Piazzoli B. D., Girolamo T. D., Sciascio G. D., Feng C. F., Feng Z., Gao W., Gou Q. B., Guo Y. Q., He H. H., Hu H., Iacovacci M., Iuppa R., Jia H. Y., Labaciren, Li H. J., Li Z., Liu C., Liu J., Liu M. Y., Lu H., Ma L. L., Ma X. H., Mancarella G., Mari S. M., Marsella G., Mastroianni S., Montini P., Ning C. C., Perrone L., Pistilli P., Salvini P., Santonico R., Shen P. R., Sheng X. D., Shi F., Surdo A., Tan Y. H., Vallania P., Vernetto S., Vigorito C., Wang H., Wu C. Y., Wu H. R., Xue L., Yang Q. Y., Yang X. C., Yao Z. G., Yuan A. F., Zha M., Zhang H. M., Zhang L., Zhang X. Y., Zhang Y., Zhao J., Zhaxiciren Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou X. X., Zhu F. R., Zhu Q. Q., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Mitri, I. D., Piazzoli, B. D., Girolamo, T. D., Sciascio, G. D., Feng, C. F., Feng, Z., Gao, W., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, H., Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Li, H. J., Li, Z., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, Mitri, I. De, Piazzoli, B. D’Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Sciascio, G. Di, Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Labaciren, Null, Zhaxiciren, Null, and Zhaxisangzhu, Null

Subjects
Solar minimum, Sun: general, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, astroparticle physics, cosmic rays, gamma rays: general, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, 0103 physical sciences, general [Sun], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Argo, cosmic ray, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astroparticle physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Gamma ray, Astronomy, astroparticle physic, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, general [gamma rays]
Abstract

The hadronic interaction of cosmic rays with solar atmosphere can produce high energy gamma-rays. The gamma-ray luminosity is correlated both with the flux of primary cosmic rays and the intensity of the solar magnetic field. The gamma-rays below 200 GeV have been observed by Fermi without any evident energy cutoff. The bright gamma-ray flux above 100 GeV has been detected only during solar minimum. The only available data in the TeV range come from the HAWC observations, however, outside the solar minimum. The ARGO-YBJ data set has been used to search for sub-TeV/TeV gamma-rays from the Sun during the solar minimum from 2008 to 2010, the same time period covered by the Fermi data. A suitable model containing the Sun shadow, solar disk emission, and inverse-Compton emission has been developed, and the chi-square minimization method was used to quantitatively estimate the disk gamma-ray signal. The result shows that no significant gamma-ray signal is detected and upper limits to the gamma-ray flux at 0.3-7 TeV are set at the 95% confidence level. In the low energy range these limits are consistent with the extrapolation of the Fermi-LAT measurements taken during solar minimum and are compatible with a softening of the gamma-ray spectrum below 1 TeV. They also provide an experimental upper bound to any solar disk emission at TeV energies. Models of dark matter annihilation via long-lived mediators predicting gamma-ray fluxes >10-7 GeV cm-2 s-1 below 1 TeV are ruled out by the ARGO-YBJ limits.

Published
2019

28. Galactic Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy in the Northern hemisphere from the ARGO-YBJ Experiment during 2008-2012

Author

J. Zhao, Hongbo Hu, P. R. Shen, X. C. Yang, A. Surdo, Yicheng Guo, Y. H. Tan, Zhaoyang Feng, F. R. Zhu, X. J. Bi, T. Di Girolamo, J. K. K. Liu, S. Vernetto, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhengguo Cao, S. Z. Chen, Q. Q. Zhu, L. Zhang, T. L. Chen, R. Santonico, S. Mastroianni, C. Vigorito, C. Y. Wu, S. W. Cui, C. Q. Liu, Q. B. Gou, C. C. Ning, P. Vallania, F. Shi, S. M. Mari, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, A. D'Amone, H. J. Li, H. R. Wu, Zhaxiciren, R. Iuppa, L. Xue, P. Salvini, G. Marsella, W. Gao, P. Bernardini, H. Wang, H. Lu, Danzengluobu, S. Catalanotti, David Ruffolo, A. F. Yuan, B. Z. Dai, Y. J. Zhang, Huihai He, M. Zha, G. Di Sciascio, X. Y. Zhang, Labaciren, Xiangdong Sheng, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, Minghui Liu, I. De Mitri, Q. Y. Yang, P. Montini, X. H. Ma, X. X. Zhou, L. Perrone, Haibing Hu, L. L. Ma, H. Y. Jia, G. Mancarella, B. Bartoli, Cunfeng Feng, M. Iacovacci, Z. G. Yao, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D’Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Z. Y., Gao, W., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Null, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruffolo, D., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Null, Zhaxisangzhu, Null, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., D'Amone, A., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Mastroianni, Stefano, Danzengluobu, null, Labaciren, null, Zhaxiciren, null, and Zhaxisangzhu, null

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Argo, cosmic ray, Astroparticle physics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Northern Hemisphere, Astronomy, astroparticle physic, Astronomy and Astrophysics, astroparticle physics, cosmic ray anysotropy, argo-ybj, Astronomy and Astrophysic, astroparticle physics, Space and Planetary Science, 13. Climate action, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

This paper reports on the observation of the sidereal large-scale anisotropy of cosmic rays using data collected by the ARGO-YBJ experiment over 5 years (2008-2012). This analysis extends previous work limited to the period from 2008 January to 2009 December, near the minimum of solar activity between cycles 23 and 24. With the new data sample, the period of solar cycle 24 from near minimum to maximum is investigated. A new method is used to improve the energy reconstruction, allowing us to cover a much wider energy range, from 4 to 520 TeV. Below 100 TeV, the anisotropy is dominated by two wide regions, the so-called “tail-in” and “loss-cone” features. At higher energies, a dramatic change of the morphology is confirmed. The yearly time dependence of the anisotropy is investigated. Finally, no noticeable variation of cosmic-ray anisotropy with solar activity is observed for a median energy of 7 TeV.

Published
2018
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29. Observation of the thunderstorm-related ground cosmic ray flux variations by ARGO-YBJ

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gao, W., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., VALLANIA, PIERO, VERNETTO, Silvia Teresa, Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., D'Alessandro, F., ARGO-YBJ Collaboration, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, De Mitri, I., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gao, W., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Null, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Null, Zhaxisangzhu, Null, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., D’Alessandro, F., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, null, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Labaciren, null, Zhaxiciren, null, Zhaxisangzhu, null, and D'Alessandro, F.

Subjects
Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Field (physics), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Computational physics, Air shower, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Thunderstorm, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Event (particle physics), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

A correlation between the secondary cosmic ray flux and the near-earth electric field intensity, measured during thunderstorms, has been found by analyzing the data of the ARGO-YBJ experiment, a full coverage air shower array located at the Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (4300 m a. s. l., Tibet, China). The counting rates of showers with different particle multiplicities, have been found to be strongly dependent upon the intensity and polarity of the electric field measured during the course of 15 thunderstorms. In negative electric fields (i.e. accelerating negative charges downwards), the counting rates increase with increasing electric field strength. In positive fields, the rates decrease with field intensity until a certain value of the field EFmin (whose value depends on the event multiplicity), above which the rates begin increasing. By using Monte Carlo simulations, we found that this peculiar behavior can be well described by the presence of an electric field in a layer of thickness of a few hundred meters in the atmosphere above the detector, which accelerates/decelerates the secondary shower particles of opposite charge, modifying the number of particles with energy exceeding the detector threshold. These results, for the first time, give a consistent explanation for the origin of the variation of the electron/positron flux observed for decades by high altitude cosmic ray detectors during thunderstorms., Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures. The paper has been accepted by PRD

Published
2017
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30. Performance of the RPCs for the ARGO detector operated at the YangBaJing laboratory (4300 m a.s.l.)

Author

Bacci, C., Bao, K.Z., Barone, F., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Cao, B.Y., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, S., Cesaroni, F., Creti, P., Danzengluobu, Piazzoli, B.D’Ettorre, Vincenzi, M.De, Girolamo, T.Di, Sciascio, G.Di, Feng, Z.Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X.Y., Geng, Q.X., Guo, H.W., He, H.H., He, M., Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, H.Y., Jing, C.L., Kong, F.M., Kuang, H.H., Labaciren, Li, B., Li, J.Y., Liu, Z.Q., Lu, H., Ma, X.H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S.M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Meng, X.R., Milano, L., Mu, J., Panareo, M., Peng, Z.R., Pistilli, P., Saggese, L., Santonico, R., Shen, P.R., Stanescu, C., Sun, L.R., Sun, S.C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y.H., Vernetto, S., Wang, C.R., Wang, H., Wang, H.Y., Wei, Y.N., Yang, H.T., Yao, Q.K., Yu, G.C., Yue, X.D., Yuan, A.F., Zha, M., Zhang, H.M., Zhang, J.L., Zhang, N.J., Zhang, X.Y., Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, and Zhu, Q.Q.

Published
2003
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31. Detection of thermal neutrons with the PRISMA-YBJ array in extensive air showers selected by the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author

M. Zha, Labaciren, C. C. Ning, O. B. Shchegolev, L. Zhang, T. L. Chen, C. Vigorito, Z. Y. Cai, Zhenyong Feng, P. Bernardini, P. Salvini, Hm Zhang, C. Y. Wu, G. Marsella, C. Q. Liu, Q. B. Gou, V. Volchenko, L. L. Ma, P. Vallania, Zhengguo Cao, R. Santonico, H. H. He, H. Lu, G. Mancarella, H. Wang, Danzengluobu, J. K. K. Liu, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, A. D'Amone, Q. Q. Zhu, A. F. Yuan, F. Shi, X. W. Guo, S. M. Mari, P. R. Shen, X. C. Yang, X. X. Zhou, T. Di Girolamo, L. Xue, V. V. Alekseenko, Yu. V. Stenkin, Zhaxiciren, Y. H. Tan, Zhaxisangzhu, Hongbo Hu, V. Aynutdinov, Cunfeng Feng, S. W. Cui, V.I. Stepanov, Yicheng Guo, X. J. Bi, Ye Liu, S. Vernetto, Q. Y. Yang, S. Z. Chen, F. R. Zhu, S. Mastroianni, H. Y. Jia, H. J. Li, H. R. Wu, P. Montini, X. H. Ma, V. Rulev, Minghui Liu, A. Surdo, G. Di Sciascio, Zhaoyang Feng, X. Y. Zhang, Xiangdong Sheng, J. Zhao, S. Catalanotti, B. Z. Dai, Y. J. Zhang, R. Iuppa, B. Bartoli, I. De Mitri, Haibing Hu, Z. G. Yao, L. Perrone, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, M. Iacovacci, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, De Mitri, I., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Null, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, Paolo, Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, Pio, Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Null, Zhaxisangzhu, Null, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Stenkin, Y. u. V., Alekseenko, V. V., Aynutdinov, V., Cai, Z. Y., Guo, X. W., Liu, Y., Rulev, V., Shchegolev, O. B., Stepanov, V., Volchenko, V., Zhang, H., Bartoli, B, Bernardini, Paolo, Bi, Xj, Cao, Z, Catalanotti, S, Chen, Sz, Chen, Tl, Cui, Sw, Dai, Bz, D'Amone, Antonio, Danzengluobu, DE MITRI, Ivan, Piazzoli, Bd, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Cf, Feng, Zy, Gou, Qb, Guo, Yq, He, Hh, Hu, H, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, Jia, Hy, Labaciren, Li, Hj, Liu, C, Liu, J, Liu, My, Lu, H, Ma, Ll, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mari, Sm, Marsella, Giovanni, Mastroianni, S, Montini, P, Ning, Cc, Perrone, Lorenzo, Pistilli, P, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Shi, F, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, H, Wu, Cy, Wu, Hr, Xue, L, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Yao, Zg, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, L, Zhang, Xy, Zhang, Y, Zhao, J, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, Xx, Zhu, Fr, Zhu, Qq, Stenkin, Yv, Alekseenko, Vv, Aynutdinov, V, Cai, Zy, Guo, Xw, Liu, Y, Rulev, V, Shchegolev, Ob, Stepanov, V, Volchenko, V, Zhang, H[ 7 ] . . . Less, Bartoli, Bruno, Catalanotti, Sergio, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Iacovacci, Michele, Mari, S. M., Montini, P., and Pistilli, P.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Extensive air shower, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, EN-detector, Hadronic component, RPC, Thermal neutron, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Observatory, Coincident, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Cosmic-ray observatory, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Calorimeter (particle physics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Neutron temperature, Air shower, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report on a measurement of thermal neutrons, generated by the hadronic component of extensive air showers (EAS), by means of a small array of EN-detectors developed for the PRISMA project (PRImary Spectrum Measurement Array), novel devices based on a compound alloy of ZnS(Ag) and $^{6}$LiF. This array has been operated within the ARGO-YBJ experiment at the high altitude Cosmic Ray Observatory in Yangbajing (Tibet, 4300 m a.s.l.). Due to the tight correlation between the air shower hadrons and thermal neutrons, this technique can be envisaged as a simple way to estimate the number of high energy hadrons in EAS. Coincident events generated by primary cosmic rays of energies greater than 100 TeV have been selected and analyzed. The EN-detectors have been used to record simultaneously thermal neutrons and the air shower electromagnetic component. The density distributions of both components and the total number of thermal neutrons have been measured. The correlation of these data with the measurements carried out by ARGO-YBJ confirms the excellent performance of the EN-detector., 35 pages, 16 figures

Published
2016

32. Results from the ARGO-YBJ test experiment

Author

Bacci, C, Bao, K.Z, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bussino, S, Calloni, E, Cao, B.Y, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Danzengluobu, Piazzoli, B.D'Ettorre, Vincenzi, M.De, Girolamo, T.Di, Sciascio, G.Di, Feng, Z.Y, Fu, Y, Gao, X.Y, Geng, Q.X, Guo, H.W, He, H.H, He, M, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, H.Y, Jing, C.L, Kong, F.M, Kuang, H.H, Labaciren, Li, B, Li, J.Y, Liu, Z.Q, Lu, H, Ma, X.H, Mancarella, G, Mari, S.M, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Meng, X.R, Milano, L, Mu, J, Panareo, M, Peng, Z.R, Pistilli, P, Santonico, R, Shen, P.R, Stanescu, C, Sun, L.R, Sun, S.C, Surdo, A, Tan, Y.H, Vernetto, S, Wang, C.R, Wang, H, Wang, H.Y, Wei, Y.N, Yang, H.T, Yao, Q.K, Yu, G.C, Yue, X.D, Yuan, A.F, Zha, M, Zhang, H.M, Zhang, J.L, Zhang, N.J, Zhang, X.Y, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, and Zhu, Q.Q

Published
2002
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33. EAS age determination from the study of the lateral distribution of charged particles near the shower axis with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author

YBJ Collaboration, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, De Mitri, I., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Null, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Null, Zhaxisangzhu, Null, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., and Zhu, Q. Q.

Subjects
Shower age, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Extensive air shower, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Wide dynamic range, Extensive air showers, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic rays, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Charged particle, Computational physics, Distribution function, Air shower, Particle, Composition, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The ARGO-YBJ experiment, a full coverage extensive air shower (EAS) detector located at high altitude (4300 m a.s.l.) in Tibet, China, has smoothly taken data, with very high stability, since November 2007 to the beginning of 2013. The array consisted of a carpet of about 7000 m2 Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) operated in streamer mode and equipped with both digital and analog readout, providing the measurement of particle densities up to few particles per cm2. The unique detector features (full coverage, readout granularity, wide dynamic range, ..) and location (very high altitude) allowed a detailed study of the lateral density profile of charged particles at ground very close to the shower axis and its description by a proper lateral distribution function (LDF). In particular, the information collected in the first 10 m from the shower axis have been shown to provide a very effective tool for the determination of the shower development stage ("age") in the energy range 50 TeV - 10 PeV. The sensitivity of the age parameter to the mass composition of primary Cosmic Rays is also discussed.

Published
2017

34. Calibration of the RPC charge readout in the ARGO-YBJ experiment with the iso-gradient method

Author

Labaciren, Zhenyong Feng, X. J. Bi, I. De Mitri, B. D Ettorre Piazzoli, Carlo Vigorito, T. L. Chen, B. Bartoli, S. Z. Chen, Haibing Hu, Piero Vallania, G. Di Sciascio, R. Santonico, Y. H. Tan, S. W. Cui, Y. Zhang, D. Martello, Q. Y. Yang, X. Y. Zhang, H. H. He, S. M. Mari, L. Xue, G. Zizzi, Zhaxiciren, Minghui Liu, L. L. Ma, H. Y. Jia, Z. G. Yao, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, F. R. Zhu, A. D Amone, M. Iacovacci, M. Zha, P. Creti, A. F. Yuan, T. Di Girolamo, Danzengluobu, Haifeng Li, H. W. Wang, J. B. Zhao, P. Salvini, Zihuang Cao, Q. Q. Zhu, Paolo Montini, H. R. Wu, R. Iuppa, A. Budano, G. Mancarella, Zhaxisangzhu, C. Y. Wu, S. Vernetto, Hongbo Hu, Fudong Shi, A. Surdo, S. Mastroianni, Yicheng Guo, Pengnian Shen, L. Perrone, S. Catalanotti, B. Z. Dai, F. Ruggieri, J. K. K. Liu, Cunfeng Feng, X. C. Yang, Q. B. Gou, P. Branchini, H. Lu, X. H. Ma, Paolo Camarri, X. D. Sheng, Paolo Bernardini, Chang-Chun Ning, Zhaoyang Feng, L. Zhang, M. Panareo, G. Liguori, R. Cardarelli, C. X. Liu, G. Marsella, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, P., Branchini, A., Budano, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, D'Amone, Antonio, Danzengluobu, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D׳Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, L. L., Ma, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, L., Xue, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., Damone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, De Mitri, I., Dettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Null, Li, H. J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Null, Zhaxisangzhu, Null, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zizzi, G., Mari, Stefano Maria, and The ARGO YBJ, Collaboration

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, RPC Response difference Calibration, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Calibration, Instrumentation, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Physics, Resistive touchscreen, Scintillation, Muon, Iso-gradient method, business.industry, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Charge (physics), Response difference, RPC, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Gradient method
Abstract

The ARGO-YBJ experiment is a full coverage array of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) with an active area of 5800 m 2 . In order to eliminate the response difference of the charge readout from the RPCs, a calibration procedure is carried out with the iso-gradient method. This method also allows the extension of the absolute calibration with the muon telescope including scintillation detectors to all the RPCs in the array. The overall systematic uncertainty in measurements o10.7%. In general, the method gives results consistent with those from a totally different approach also used in the experiment. The ARGO-YBJ experiment is a full coverage array of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) with an active area of 5800 m2. In order to eliminate the response difference of the charge readout from the RPCs, a calibration procedure is carried out with the iso-gradient method. This method also allows the extension of the absolute calibration with the muon telescope including scintillation detectors to all the RPCs in the array. The overall systematic uncertainty in measurements of the number of particles by the RPCs is 10.7%. In general, the method gives results consistent with those from a totally different approach also used in the experiment.

Published
2015

35. The analog Resistive Plate Chamber detector of the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author

Zihuang Cao, M. Iacovacci, M. Zha, J. W. Zhao, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, Paolo Camarri, X. X. Zhou, J. K. K. Liu, X. Y. Zhang, P. Creti, Haibing Hu, Minghui Liu, Hongbo Hu, Haifeng Li, A. Surdo, Y. Zhang, D. Martello, Lanqing Ma, Yicheng Guo, Danzengluobu, Carlo Vigorito, S. W. Cui, P. Montini, X. H. Ma, Q. Q. Zhu, G. Di Sciascio, H. W. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, A. Budano, H. Y. Jia, Fudong Shi, Labaciren, S. Mastroianni, Zhaxiciren, T. Di Girolamo, A. F. Yuan, G. Liguori, C. X. Liu, H. R. Wu, B. Z. Dai, F. Ruggieri, Q. Y. Yang, G. Zizzi, P. Branchini, R. Santonico, A. D'Amone, F. R. Zhu, S. Vernetto, H. Lu, R. Cardarelli, G. Marsella, L. Perrone, L. Zhang, P. Salvini, Cunfeng Feng, P. Bernardini, Y. H. Tan, Z. G. Yao, X. D. Sheng, Giovanni Mancarella, H. H. He, X. C. Yang, Chang-Chun Ning, Zhaoyang Feng, M. Panareo, P. Vallania, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, I. De Mitri, C. Y. Wu, L. Xue, Q. B. Gou, T. L. Chen, Zhenyong Feng, X. J. Bi, S. Z. Chen, B. Bartoli, S. M. Mari, Pengnian Shen, S. Catalanotti, R. Iuppa, ITA, Bartoli, Bruno, Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, Sergio, Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, De Mitri, I., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, Michele, Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Null, Li, H. J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Null, Zhaxisangzhu, Null, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zizzi, G., B. Bartoli, BERNARDINI, Paolo, X. J. Bi, P. Branchini, A. Budano, P. Camarri, Z. Cao, R. Cardarelli, S. Catalanotti, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, P. Creti, S. W. Cui, B. Z. Dai, D'AMONE, ANTONIO, Danzengluobu, DE MITRI, Ivan, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T. Di Girolamo, G. Di Sciascio, C. F. Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Zhenyong Feng, Q. B. Gou, Y. Q. Guo, H. H. He, Haibing Hu, Hongbo Hu, M. Iacovacci, R. Iuppa, H. Y. Jia, Labaciren, H. J. Li, G. Liguori, C. Liu, J. Liu, M. Y. Liu, H. Lu, L. L. Ma, X. H. Ma, MANCARELLA, Giovanni, S. M. Mari, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, S. Mastroianni, P. Montini, C. C. Ning, PANAREO, Marco, PERRONE, Lorenzo, P. Pistilli, F. Ruggieri, P. Salvini, R. Santonico, P. R. Shen, X. D. Sheng, F. Shi, A. Surdo, Y. H. Tan, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, C. Vigorito, H. Wang, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, L. Xue, Q. Y. Yang, X. C. Yang, Z. G. Yao, A. F. Yuan, M. Zha, H. M. Zhang, L. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J. Zhao, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X. Zhou, F. R. Zhu, Q. Q. Zhu, G. Zizzi, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, P., Branchini, A., Budano, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, D'Amone, Antonio, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, H. Y., Jia, H. J., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, L. L., Ma, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, L., Xue, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, Mari, Stefano Maria, and The ARGO YBJ, Collaboration

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Air shower detection, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, STRIPS, Calorimetry, Signal, law.invention, Optics, Observatory, law, Air shower detection, RPC detector, Calorimetry, Cosmic-ray observatory, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Resistive touchscreen, business.industry, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Core (optical fiber), RPC detector, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The ARGO-YBJ experiment has been in stable data taking from November 2007 till February 2013 at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Observatory (4300 m a.s.l.). The detector consists of a single layer of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) (6700 m2) operated in streamer mode. The signal pick-up is obtained by means of strips facing one side of the gas volume. The digital readout of the signals, while allows a high space–time resolution in the shower front reconstruction, limits the measurable energy to a few hundred TeV. In order to fully investigate the 1–10 PeV region, an analog readout has been implemented by instrumenting each RPC with two large size electrodes facing the other side of the gas volume. Since December 2009 the RPC charge readout has been in operation on the entire central carpet (∼5800 m2). In this configuration the detector is able to measure the particle density at the core position where it ranges from tens to many thousands of particles per m2. Thus ARGO-YBJ provides a highly detailed image of the charge component at the core of air showers. In this paper we describe the analog readout of RPCs in ARGO-YBJ and discuss both the performance of the system and the physical impact on the EAS measurements. The ARGO-YBJ experiment has been in stable data taking from November 2007 till February 2013 at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Observatory (4300 m a.s.l.). The detector consists of a single layer of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) (6700 m2) operated in streamer mode. The signal pick-up is obtained by means of strips facing one side of the gas volume. The digital readout of the signals, while allows a high space-time resolution in the shower front reconstruction, limits the measurable energy to a few hundred TeV. In order to fully investigate the 1-10 PeV region, an analog readout has been implemented by instrumenting each RPC with two large size electrodes facing the other side of the gas volume. Since December 2009 the RPC charge readout has been in operation on the entire central carpet (∼5800 m2). In this configuration the detector is able to measure the particle density at the core position where it ranges from tens to many thousands of particles per m2. Thus ARGO-YBJ provides a highly detailed image of the charge component at the core of air showers. In this paper we describe the analog readout of RPCs in ARGO-YBJ and discuss both the performance of the system and the physical impact on the EAS measurements.

Published
2015

36. Knee of the cosmic hydrogen and helium spectrum below 1 PeV measured by ARGO-YBJ and a Cherenkov telescope of LHAASO

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Mitri, I., D Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Piero Vallania, Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zizzi, G., Bai, Y. X., Chen, M. J., Chen, Y., Feng, S. H., Gao, B., Gu, M. H., Hou, C., Li, X. X., Liu, J. L., Wang, X., Xiao, G., Zhang, B. K., Zhang, S. S., Zhou, B., Zuo, X., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, De Mitri, I., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Guo, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Null, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Null, Zhaxisangzhu, Null, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Bai, Y. X., Chen, M. J., Feng, S. H., Gao, B., Gu, M. H., Hou, C., Liu, J. L., Wang, X., Xiao, G., Zhang, B. K., Zhang, S. S., Zhou, B., Zuo, X., ITA, Bartoli, Bruno, Bi, X. . j., Catalanotti, Sergio, Chen, S. . z., Chen, T. . l., Cui, S. . w., Dai, B. z, D’Amone, A., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Feng, C. . f., Guo, Q. . b., Guo, Y. . q., He, H. . h., Iacovacci, Michele, Jia, H. . y., Li, H. . j., Liu, M. . y., Ma, L. . l., Ma, X. . h., Mari, S. . m., Ning, C. . c., Shen, P. . r., Sheng, X. . d., Tan, Y. . h., Wu, C. . y., Wu, H. . r., Yang, Q. . y., Yang, X. . c., Yao, Z. . g., Yuan, A. . f., Zhang, H. . m., Zhang, X. . y., Zhou, X. . x., Zhu, F. . r., Zhu, Q. . q., Bai, Y. . x., Chen, M. . j., Feng, S. . h., Gu, M. . h., Liu, J. . l., Zhang, B. . k., Zhang, S. . s., B., Bartoli, P., Bernardini, X. J., Bi, Z., Cao, S., Catalanotti, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, D, A., ’, Amone, Danzengluobu, I. De, Mitri, D, B., Ettorre, Piazzoli, T. Di, Girolamo, G. Di, Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, L. L., Ma, X. H., Ma, G., Mancarella, Mari, Stefano Maria, G., Marsella, S., Mastroianni, Montini, Paolo, C. C., Ning, L., Perrone, P., Pistilli, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, L., Xue, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, Y. X., Bai, M. J., Chen, S. H., Feng, B., Gao, M. H., Gu, C., Hou, J. L., Liu, X., Wang, G., Xiao, B. K., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, B., Zhou, and Collaboratio, (LHAASO

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cosmic Ray, Helium, Spectral line, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Spectral index, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Production (computer science), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Energy (signal processing), proton
Abstract

The measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum, in particular for individual species of nuclei, is an important tool to investigate cosmic ray production and propagation mechanisms. The determination of the ``knees'' in the spectra of different species remains one of the main challenges in cosmic ray physics. In fact, experimental results are still conflicting. In this paper we report a measurement of the mixed proton and helium energy spectrum, obtained with the combined data of the ARGO-YBJ experiment and a wide field of view Cherenkov telescope, a prototype of the future LHAASO experiment. By means of a multiparameter technique, we have selected a high-purity proton plus helium sample. The reconstructed energy resolution is found to be about 25% throughout the investigated energy range from 100 TeV to 3 PeV, with a systematic uncertainty in the absolute energy scale of 9.7%. The found energy spectrum can be fitted with a broken power-law function, with a break at the energy ${\mathrm{E}}_{k}=700\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}230(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}70(\mathrm{sys})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$, where the spectral index changes from $\ensuremath{-}2.56\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$ to $\ensuremath{-}3.24\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.36$. The statistical significance of the observed spectral break is 4.2 standard deviations.

Published
2015

37. STUDY OF THE DIFFUSE GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM THE GALACTIC PLANE WITH ARGO-YBJ

Author

Q. Q. Zhu, Labaciren, Zhengguo Cao, P. Bernardini, J. K. K. Liu, X. X. Zhou, C. Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Y. J. Zhang, R. Santonico, H. H. He, Zhenyong Feng, P. R. Shen, F. Shi, C. Q. Liu, Q. B. Gou, F. R. Zhu, P. Creti, C. C. Ning, X. C. Yang, Haifeng Li, H. Lu, I. De Mitri, A. D'Amone, P. Vallania, S. M. Mari, T. Di Girolamo, Danzengluobu, R. Cardarelli, A. F. Yuan, M. Panareo, Minghui Liu, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Y. H. Tan, M. Zha, Lanqing Ma, X. J. Bi, L. Xue, L. Zhang, T. L. Chen, S. Vernetto, Zhaxiciren, A. Surdo, R. Iuppa, G. Zizzi, C. Vigorito, Zhaxisangzhu, P. Salvini, Q. Y. Yang, S. Z. Chen, G. Marsella, B. Bartoli, G. Liguori, M. Iacovacci, S. Catalanotti, B. Z. Dai, Zhaoyang Feng, Paolo Camarri, P. Montini, X. H. Ma, L. Perrone, G. Di Sciascio, X. Y. Zhang, A. Budano, Z. G. Yao, Haibing Hu, Xiangdong Sheng, S. Mastroianni, D. Martello, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, H. R. Wu, Hongbo Hu, Yicheng Guo, H. Wang, Cunfeng Feng, F. Ruggieri, H. Y. Jia, S. W. Cui, G. Mancarella, P. Branchini, Mari, Stefano Maria, The ARGO YBJ, Collaboration, ITA, Bartoli, Bruno, Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, Sergio, Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, De Mitri, I., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Sciascio, G. Di, Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, Michele, Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Null, Li, H. J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Null, Zhaxisangzhu, Null, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zizzi, G., B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, P., Branchini, A., Budano, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, D'Amone, Antonio, Danzengluobu, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, L. L., Ma, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, L., Xue, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, and G., Zizzi

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, observational [methods], Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, disk, methods: observational [cosmic rays, diffuse radiation, Galaxy], Galaxy: disk, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), cosmic rays, Disc, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galactic plane, Galaxy, diffuse radiation, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Space and Planetary Science, Milagro, methods: observational, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, disk [Galaxy], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

The events recorded by ARGO-YBJ in more than five years of data collection have been analyzed to determine the diffuse gamma-ray emission in the Galactic plane at Galactic longitudes 25{\deg} < l < 100{\deg} and Galactic latitudes . The energy range covered by this analysis, from ~350 GeV to ~2 TeV, allows the connection of the region explored by Fermi with the multi-TeV measurements carried out by Milagro. Our analysis has been focused on two selected regions of the Galactic plane, i.e., 40{\deg} < l < 100{\deg} and 65{\deg} < l < 85{\deg} (the Cygnus region), where Milagro observed an excess with respect to the predictions of current models. Great care has been taken in order to mask the most intense gamma-ray sources, including the TeV counterpart of the Cygnus cocoon recently identified by ARGO-YBJ, and to remove residual contributions. The ARGO-YBJ results do not show any excess at sub-TeV energies corresponding to the excess found by Milagro, and are consistent with the predictions of the Fermi model for the diffuse Galactic emission. From the measured energy distribution we derive spectral indices and the differential flux at 1 TeV of the diffuse gamma-ray emission in the sky regions investigated., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, published in APJ

Published
2015

38. Cosmic ray physics with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author

B. Bartoli, X. J. Bi, C. Bleve, I. Bolognino, P. Branchini, A. Budano, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, P. Camarri, Z. Cao, A. Cappa, R. Cardarelli, S. Catalanotti, C. Cattaneo, P. Celio, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, Y. Chen, P. Creti, S. W. Cui, B. Z. Dai, G. D’Alì Staiti, Danzengluobu, M. Dattoli, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T. Di Girolamo, X. H. Ding, G. Di Sciascio, C. F. Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Zhenyong Feng, F. Galeazzi, P. Galeotti, E. Giroletti, Q. B. Gou, Y. Q. Guo, H. H. He, Haibing Huo, Hongbo Hue, Q. Huang, M. Iacovacci, R. Iuppa, I. James, H. Y. Jia, Labaciren, H. J. Li, J. Y. Li, X. X. Li, G. Liguori, C. Liu, C. Q. Liu, J. Liu, M. Y. Liu, H. Lu, X. H. Ma, S. M. Mari, S. Mastroianni, P. Montini, C. C. Ning, A. Pagliaro, B. Panico, P. Pistilli, X. B. Qu, E. Rossi, F. Ruggieri, P. Salvini, R. Santonico, P. R. Shen, X. D. Sheng, F. Shi, C. Stanescu, A. Surdo, Y. H. Tan, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, C. Vigorito, B. Wang, H. Wang, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, B. Xu, L. Xue, Y. X. Yan, Q. Y. Yang, X. C. Yang, Z. G. Yao, A. F. Yuan, M. Zha, H. M. Zhang, JilongZhang, JianliZhang, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X. Zhou, F. R. Zhu, Q. Q. Zhu, G. Zizzi, BERNARDINI, Paolo, DE MITRI, Ivan, MANCARELLA, Giovanni, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PANAREO, Marco, PERRONE, Lorenzo, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, I., Bolognino, P., Branchini, A., Budano, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alì Staiti, Danzengluobu, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, E., Giroletti, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Huo, Hongbo, Hue, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, A., Pagliaro, Panareo, Marco, B., Panico, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Y. X., Yan, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, Jilongzhang, Jianlizhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, and G., Zizzi

Subjects
Astroparticle physics, Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Cosmic Rays, Array Detector, Astrophysics, Air shower, Observatory, Gamma-ray burst, Heliosphere
Abstract

The main scientific goals of the ARGO-YBJ ex- periment are -ray astronomy with a few hundreds GeV en- ergy threshold and cosmic ray physics below and around the knee of the primary energy spectrum (10 12 10 16 eV), where the transition from direct to indirect measurement techniques takes place. The ARGO-YBJ experiment, located at the Cos- mic Ray Observatory of Yangbajing (Tibet, P.R. of China, 4 300 m a.s.l.), is an unconventional Extensive Air Shower ar- ray of about 6,700 m 2 of active area, the only one exploiting the full-coverage technique at very high altitude currently in operation. The detector space-time granularity, performance and location offer a unique chance to make a detailed study of the structure of cosmic ray showers, in particular of the hadronic component. In this work we will focus on the main experimental results concerning cosmic ray and hadronic in- teraction physics: primary cosmic ray energy spectrum, an- tiproton over proton ratio, anisotropy in the cosmic ray flux and proton-air cross-section. Moreover, the possible data analysis improvements based on the use of all detailed infor- mation on the shower front (curvature, time width, rise time, ..), as well as the extension of the investigable energy range, allowed by the analog RPC readout, will be pointed out. nique at very high altitude presently in data taking. Location and detector features make ARGO-YBJ capable of investi- gating a wide range of fundamental issues in Cosmic Ray and Astroparticle Physics at relatively low energy threshold: - very high energy -ray astronomy, with an energy thresh- old of a few hundreds GeV; - search for emission of gamma ray bursts in the full GeV - TeV energy range; - study of cosmic rays (spectrum, composition, p/p ra- tio measurement, shower space-time structure, ...) starting at TeV energies; - Sun and heliosphere physics above Eth 1 GeV. In following sections, after a brief description of the detec- tor and its performance, the main results achieved on several items of cosmic ray physics will be presented and discussed.

Published
2011
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39. Results from the ARGO-YBJ test experiment

Author

Bacci, C., Bao, K.Z., Barone, F., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Cao, B.Y., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, A., Cavaliere, S., Cesaroni, F., Creti, P., Danzengluobu, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., De Vincenzi, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, Z.Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X.Y., Geng, Q.X., Guo, H.W., He, H.H., He, M., Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, H.Y., Kong, F.M., Kuang, H.H., Labaciren, Li, B., Li, J.Y., Liu, Z.Q., Lu, H., Ma, X.H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S.M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mei, D.M., Meng, X.R., Milano, L., Morselli, A., Mu, J., Panareo, M., Peng, Z.R., Pistilli, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P.R., Stanescu, C., Su, J., Sun, L.R., Sun, S.C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y.H., Vernetto, S., Wang, C.R., Wang, F., Wang, H.Y., Wei, Y.N., Yang, H.T., Yao, Q.K., Yu, G.C., Yue, X.D., Yuan, A.F., Zhang, H.M., Zhang, J.L., Zhang, N.J., Zhang, T.J., Zhang, X.Y., Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, and Zhu, Q.Q.

Published
2000
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40. Results from the analysis of data collected with a 50m 2 RPC carpet at YangBaJing

Author

Bacci, C, Bao, K.Z, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bussino, S, Calloni, E, Cao, B.Y, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, A, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Danzengluobu, Piazzoli, B.D'Ettorre, Vincenzi, M.De, Girolamo, T.Di, Sciascio, G.Di, Feng, Z.Y, Fu, Y, Gao, X.Y, Geng, Q.X, Guo, H.W, He, H.H, He, M, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, H.Y, Kong, F.M, Kuang, H.H, Labaciren, Li, B, Li, J.Y, Liu, Z.Q, Lu, H, Ma, X.H, Mancarella, G, Mari, S.M, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mei, D.M, Meng, X.R, Milano, L, Mu, J, Panareo, M, Pellizzoni, G, Peng, Z.R, Pinto, C, Pistilli, P, Reali, E, Santonico, R, Sbarra, C, Shen, P.R, Stanescu, C, Su, J, Sun, L.R, Sun, S.C, Surdo, A, Tan, Y.H, Vernetto, S, Wang, C.R, Wang, H, Wang, H.Y, Wei, Y.N, Yang, H.T, Yao, Q.K, Yu, G.C, Yue, X.D, Yuan, A.F, Zhang, H.M, Zhang, J.L, Zhang, N.J, Zhang, T.J, Zhang, X.Y, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, and Zhu, Q.Q

Published
2000
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41. High altitude test of RPCs for the Argo YBJ experiment

Author

Bacci, C., Bao, K.Z., Barone, F., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Buonomo, R., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Cao, B.Y., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, A., Cesaroni, F., Creti, P., Danzengluobu, M., Piazzoli, B.D'Ettorre, Vincenzi, M.De, Girolamo, T.Di, Sciascio, G.Di, Feng, Z.Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X.Y., Geng, Q.X., Guo, H.W., He, H.H., He, M., Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, H.Y., Kong, F.M., Kuang, H.H., Labaciren, Li, B., Li, J.Y., Liu, Z.Q., Lu, H., Ma, X.H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S.M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mei, D.M., Meng, X.R., Milano, L., Morselli, A., Mu, J., Panareo, M., Parisi, M., Pellizzoni, G., Peng, Z.R., Pinto, C., Pistilli, P., Reali, E., Santonico, R., Severino, G., Shen, P.R., Stanescu, C., Su, J., Sun, L.R., Sun, S.C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y.H., Vernetto, S., Wang, C.R., Wang, H., Wang, H.Y., Wei, Y.N., Yang, H.T., Yao, Q.K., Yu, G.C., Yue, X.D., Yuan, A.F., Zhang, H.M., Zhang, J.L., Zhang, N.J., Zhang, T.J., Zhang, X.Y., Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, and Zhu, Q.Q.

Published
2000
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42. Radon contribution to single particle counts of the ARGO-YBJ detector

Author

B. Bartoli a, b, P. Bernardini c, d, X. J. Bi e, I. Bolognino n, o, P. Branchini f, A. Budano f, P. Camarri g, h, Z. Cao e, R. Cardarelli h, S. Catalanotti a, C. Cattaneo o, S. Z. Chen e, T. L. Chen i, P. Creti d, S. W. Cui j, B. Z. Dai k, A. D'Amone c, Danzengluobu i, I. De Mitri c, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli a, T. Di Girolamo a, G. Di Sciascio h, C. F. Feng l, Zhaoyang Feng e, Zhenyong Feng m, E. Giroletti n, Q. B. Gou e, Y. Q. Guo e, H. H. He e, Haibing Hu i, Hongbo Hu e, M. Iacovacci a, R. Iuppa g, H. Y. Jia m, Labaciren i, H. J. Li i, G. Liguori n, C. Liu e, J. Liu k, M. Y. Liu i, H. Lu e, L. L. Ma e, X. H. Ma e, G. Mancarella c, f, p, G. Marsella c, D. Martello c, S. Mastroianni b, P. Montini f, p, C. C. Ning i, M. Panareo c, L. Perrone c, P. Pistilli f, F. Ruggieri f, P. Salvini o, R. Santonico g, P. R. Shen e, X. D. Sheng e, F. Shi e, A. Surdo d, Y. H. Tan e, P. Vallania q, r, S. Vernetto q, C. Vigorito r, s, H. Wang e, C. Y. Wu e, H. R. Wu e, L. Xue l, Q. Y. Yang k, X. C. Yang k, Z. G. Yao e, A. F. Yuan i, M. Zha e, H. M. Zhang e, L. Zhang k, X. Y. Zhang l, Y. Zhang e, J. Zhao e, Zhaxiciren i, Zhaxisangzhu i, X. X. Zhou m, F. R. Zhu m, Q. Q. Zhu e, G. Zizzi t, The ARGO YBJ Collaboration, MARI, Stefano Maria, B., Bartoli a, B, P., Bernardini c, D, X. J., Bi e, I., Bolognino n, O, P., Branchini f, A., Budano f, P., Camarri g, H, Z., Cao e, R., Cardarelli h, S., Catalanotti a, C., Cattaneo o, S. Z., Chen e, T. L., Chen i, P., Creti d, S. W., Cui j, B. Z., Dai k, A., D'Amone c, Danzengluobu, I, I., De Mitri c, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli a, T., Di Girolamo a, G., Di Sciascio h, C. F., Feng l, Zhaoyang Feng, E, Zhenyong Feng, M, E., Giroletti n, Q. B., Gou e, Y. Q., Guo e, H. H., He e, Haibing Hu, I, Hongbo Hu, E, M., Iacovacci a, R., Iuppa g, H. Y., Jia m, Labaciren, I, H. J., Li i, G., Liguori n, C., Liu e, J., Liu k, M. Y., Liu i, H., Lu e, L. L., Ma e, X. H., Ma e, G., Mancarella c, Mari, Stefano Maria, F, P, G., Marsella c, D., Martello c, S., Mastroianni b, P., Montini f, P, C. C., Ning i, M., Panareo c, L., Perrone c, P., Pistilli f, F., Ruggieri f, P., Salvini o, R., Santonico g, P. R., Shen e, X. D., Sheng e, F., Shi e, A., Surdo d, Y. H., Tan e, P., Vallania q, R, S., Vernetto q, C., Vigorito r, S, H., Wang e, C. Y., Wu e, H. R., Wu e, L., Xue l, Q. Y., Yang k, X. C., Yang k, Z. G., Yao e, A. F., Yuan i, M., Zha e, H. M., Zhang e, L., Zhang k, X. Y., Zhang l, Y., Zhang e, J., Zhao e, Zhaxiciren, I, Zhaxisangzhu, I, X. X., Zhou m, F. R., Zhu m, Q. Q., Zhu e, G., Zizzi t, The ARGO YBJ, Collaboration, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, I., Bolognino, P., Branchini, A., Budano, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, D'Amone, Antonio, Danzengluobu, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, E., Giroletti, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, L. L., Ma, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, L., Xue, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, P., Bernardini, Catalanotti, Sergio, A., D'Amone, I., De Mitri, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mancarella, G., Marsella, D., Martello, M., Panareo, and L., Perrone

Subjects
Physics, Radiation, Atmospheric pressure, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector, Extensive air shower, Radon - natural radioactivity, Gamma ray, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Radon, Gamma-ray astronomy, Extensive air shower, Low energy cosmic instrumentation, Natural radioactivity, Radon, Nuclear physics, Air shower, chemistry, Low energy cosmic instrumentation, Natural radioactivity, Instrumentation, Radioactive decay, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

The ARGO-YBJ experiment is an air shower detector for gamma ray astronomy and cosmic ray studies with an energy threshold of ∼500 GeV. Working in “single particle mode”, i.e. counting the single particles hitting the detector at fixed time intervals, ARGO-YBJ can monitor cosmic ray and gamma ray transients at energies of a few GeV. The single particle counting rate is modulated by the atmospheric pressure and temperature, and is affected by the local radioactivity from soil and air. Among the radioactive elements, radon gas is of particular importance since its concentration in air can vary significantly, according to environmental conditions. In this paper we evaluate the contribution of the radon daughter gamma ray emitters to the single particle counting rate measured by ARGO-YBJ. According to our analysis, the radon gas contribution is roughly 1–2%, producing a counting rate modulation of the same order of magnitude of the atmospheric effects.

Published
2014

43. Observation of TeV gamma rays from the Cygnus region with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author

Carla Bleve, Q. Q. Zhu, B. S. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, Hongbo Hu, C. F. Feng, B. Bartoli, Carlo Vigorito, S. M. Mari, A. F. Yuan, X. D. Sheng, Zhengguo Cao, Paolo Montini, T. Di Girolamo, G. Liguori, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, R. Iuppa, L. L. Ma, Haibing Hu, Jilong Zhang, Y. Q. Guo, E. Giroletti, Y. B. Chen, H. J. Li, Chang-Chun Ning, Zhaoyang Feng, H. R. Wu, F. Ruggieri, Y. Zhang, P. Bernardini, S. W. Cui, D. Martello, B. Panico, Labaciren, Jianli Zhang, L. Xue, M. Iacovacci, M. Zha, M. Y. Liu, P. R. Shen, X. Y. Zhang, B. Z. Dai, J. K. K. Liu, Antonio Budano, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, C. Cattaneo, H. Y. Jia, X. H. Ding, Hong-peng Lu, Q. Y. Yang, Zhaxiciren, P. Creti, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, P. F. Zhang, Cristian Stanescu, P. Branchini, A. Surdo, Roberto Cardarelli, Danzengluobu, G. Zizzi, Q. Huang, X. J. Bi, G. Marsella, Zhenyong Feng, F. R. Zhu, S. Vernetto, C. Liu, Bingwei Xu, X. X. Li, S. Catalanotti, Paolo Camarri, Z. G. Yao, H.H. He, M. Dattoli, M. Panareo, Huaguang Wang, Y. H. Tan, X. H. Ma, Q. B. Gou, I. De Mitri, J. B. Zhao, P. Salvini, Fudong Shi, A. Pagliaro, S. Mastroianni, J. Y. Li, T. L. Chen, I. Bolognino, S. Z. Chen, Giovanni Mancarella, G. Di Sciascio, X. C. Yang, R. Santonico, Irina James, L. Perrone, F. Galeazzi, Longzhou Zhang, C. Y. Wu, C. Q. Liu, G. D'Alí Staiti, P. Vallania, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, I., Bolognino, P., Branchini, A., Budano, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D'Alí Staiti, Danzengluobu, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, F., Galeazzi, E., Giroletti, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, L. L., Ma, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, A., Pagliaro, Panareo, Marco, B., Panico, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, Bartoli, Bruno, Bernardini, P., Bleve, C., Bolognino, I., Branchini, P., Budano, A., A. K. C., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, Sergio, Cattaneo, C., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., Staiti, G. D., Dattoli, M., Mitri, I. D., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Ding, X. H., Sciascio, G. D., Feng, C. F., Feng, Z. Y., Galeazzi, F., Giroletti, E., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., H. B., Hu, Huang, Q., Iacovacci, Michele, Iuppa, R., James, I., Jia, H. Y., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Pagliaro, A., Panareo, M., Panico, B., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Stanescu, C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, B., Wang, H., Xu, B., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zizzi, G., Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, XJ, Bleve, C, Bolognino, I, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Calabrese Melcarne, AK, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Chen, SZ, Chen, TL, Chen, Y, Creti, P, Cui, SW, Dai, BZ, D’Ali Staiti, G, Dattoli, M, De Mitri, I, D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, XH, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, CF, Feng, ZYa, Feng, ZYo, Galeazzi, F, Giroletti, E, Gou, QB, Guo, YQ, He, HH, Hu, HBi, Hu, HBo, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, James, I, Jia, HY, Li, HJ, Li, JY, Li, XX, Liguori, G, Liu, C, Liu, CQ, Liu, J, Liu, MY, Lu, H, Ma, LL, Ma, XH, Mancarella, G, Mari, SM, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Montini, P, Ning, CC, Pagliaro, A, Panareo, M, Panico, B, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Ruggieri, F, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, PR, Sheng, XD, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, YH, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wu, CY, Wu, HR, Xu, B, Xue, L, Yang, QY, Yang, XC, Yao, ZG, Yuan, AF, M. Zha, M, Zhang, HM, Zhang, JLi, Zhang, JLo, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, XY, Zhang, Y, Zhao, J, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, XX, Zhu, FR, Zhu, QQ, Zizzi, G, Bartoli, B., Bi, X. J., Melcarne A. K., Calabrese, Catalanotti, S., Staiti G., D'Ali, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli B., D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Li, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mari, Stefano Maria, Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Zhang, Jilong, and Zhang, Jianli

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, general – pulsars: individual (MGRO J2019+37 [Gamma rays], Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Pulsar wind nebula, general – pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, MILAGRO, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, DETECTOR, Argo, Physics, CALIBRATION, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, MGRO J2031+41), Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, individual (MGRO J2019+37, MGRO J2031+41), PLANE, 3. Good health, Medium energy, Crab Nebula, gamma ray, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, GALACTIC SOURCES, J2032+4130, Milagro, gamma rays, general – pulsars, EMISSION, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report the observation of TeV gamma-rays from the Cygnus region using the ARGO-YBJ data collected from 2007 November to 2011 August. Several TeV sources are located in this region including the two bright extended MGRO J2019+37 and MGRO J2031+41. According to the Milagro data set, at 20 TeV MGRO J2019+37 is the most significant source apart from the Crab Nebula. No signal from MGRO J2019+37 is detected by the ARGO-YBJ experiment, and the derived flux upper limits at 90% confidence level for all the events above 600 GeV with medium energy of 3 TeV are lower than the Milagro flux, implying that the source might be variable and hard to be identified as a pulsar wind nebula. The only statistically significant (6.4 standard deviations) gamma-ray signal is found from MGRO J2031+41, with a flux consistent with the measurement by Milagro., 14 pages, 4 figures

Published
2012

44. Measurement of the cosmic ray antiproton/proton flux ratio at TeV energies with the ARGO-YBJ detector

Author

X. X. Li, I. De Mitri, M. Iacovacci, M. Zha, G. D'Alí Staiti, Zhenyong Feng, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, C. Cattaneo, F. R. Zhu, C. Liu, T. L. Chen, X. H. Ma, H.H. He, S. W. Cui, Jilong Zhang, F. Ruggieri, Q. Q. Zhu, P. Bernardini, S. Catalanotti, M. Panareo, Giovanni Mancarella, T. Di Girolamo, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Y. Q. Guo, Carla Bleve, C. Y. Wu, E. Giroletti, B. Panico, P. Salvini, Zhaxiciren, R. Santonico, Zihuang Cao, Y. B. Chen, H. J. Li, Paolo Camarri, C. Q. Liu, H. R. Wu, Hongbo Hu, L. Xue, C. F. Feng, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, A. F. Yuan, Carlo Vigorito, B. Z. Dai, Paolo Montini, R. Iuppa, B. Bartoli, Hong-peng Lu, X. Y. Zhang, X. C. Yang, G. Marsella, Haibing Hu, Cristian Stanescu, P. Branchini, Y. X. Yan, Antonio Budano, B. S. Wang, J. K. K. Liu, Zhaxisangzhu, Labaciren, Irina James, Y. Zhang, Chang-Chun Ning, Zhaoyang Feng, D. Martello, Longzhou Zhang, L. Perrone, Jianli Zhang, P. Creti, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, Z. G. Yao, Bingwei Xu, A. Surdo, Q. Huang, Huaguang Wang, G. Liguori, Fudong Shi, S. Mastroianni, Q. B. Gou, X. D. Sheng, P. R. Shen, P. F. Zhang, X. J. Bi, S. Z. Chen, S. M. Mari, X. B. Qu, X. H. Ding, Roberto Cardarelli, G. Di Sciascio, Y. H. Tan, J. Y. Li, M. Y. Liu, Q. Y. Yang, H. Y. Jia, Danzengluobu, G. Zizzi, I. Bolognino, A. Pagliaro, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Bleve, C., Bolognino, I., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Melcarne A. K., Calabrese, Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cattaneo, C., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., Staiti G., D'Ali, Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli B., D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Ding, X. H., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Giroletti, E., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., James, I., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Pagliaro, A., Panareo, M., Panico, B., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Qu, X. B., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Stanescu, C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, B., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xu, B., Xue, L., Yan, Y. X., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zizzi, G., Bartoli, Bruno, Bi, X., Calabrese Melcarne, A., Catalanotti, Sergio, Chen, S., Chen, T., Cui, S., Dai, B., D’Alí Staiti, G., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Ding, X., Feng, C., Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, Gou, Q., Guo, Y., He, H., Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Iacovacci, Michele, Jia, H., Li, H., Li, J., Li, X., Liu, M., Ma, X., Mari, S., Ning, C., Qu, X., Shen, P., Sheng, X., Tan, Y., Wu, C., Wu, H., Yan, Y., Yang, Q., Yang, X., Yao, Z., Yuan, A., Zhang, H., Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, Zhang, X., Zhou, X., Zhu, F., Zhu, Q., Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, XJ, Bleve, C, Bolognino, I, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Calabrese Melcarne, AK, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Chen, SZ, Chen, TL, Chen, Y, Creti, P, Cui, SW, Dai, BZ, D’Ali' Staiti, G, De Mitri, I, D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, XH, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, CF, Feng, ZYa, Feng, ZYo, Giroletti, E, Gou, QB, Guo, YQ, He, HH, Hu, HBa, Hu, HBo, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, James, I, Jia, HY, Li, HJ, Li, JY, Li, XX, Liguori, G, Liu, C, Liu, CQ, Liu, J, Liu, MY, Lu, H, Ma, XH, Mancarella, G, Mari, SM, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Montini, P, Ning, CC, Pagliaro, A, Panareo, M, Panico, B, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Qu, XB, Ruggieri, F, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, PR, Sheng, XD, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, YH, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wu, CY, Wu, HR, Xu B, Xue, L, Yan, YX, Yang, QY, Yang, XC, Yao, ZG, Yuan, AF, Zha, M, Zhang, HM, Zhang, JLo, Zhang, JLi, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, XY, Zhang, Y, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, XX, Zhu, FR, Zhu, QQ, Zizzi, G, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, I., Bolognino, P., Branchini, A., Budano, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alí Staiti, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, E., Giroletti, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, A., Pagliaro, Panareo, Marco, B., Panico, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Y. X., Yan, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, and G., Zizzi

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Antiparticle, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Earth-Moon, Cosmic ray, magnetic spectrometer, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Earth's magnetic field, Antiproton, Antimatter, antiproton, Content (measure theory), Antiproton-Proton ratio, Cosmic rays, Extended Air Showers, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Cosmic ray antiprotons provide an important probe to study the cosmic ray propagation in the interstellar space and to investigate the existence of dark matter. Acting the Earth-Moon system as a magnetic spectrometer, paths of primary antiprotons are deflected in the opposite sense with respect to those of the protons in their way to the Earth. This effect allows, in principle, the search for antiparticles in the direction opposite to the observed deficit of cosmic rays due to the Moon (the so-called `Moon shadow'). The ARGO-YBJ experiment, located at the Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (Tibet, P.R. China, 4300 m a.s.l., 606 g/cm$^2$), is particularly effective in measuring the cosmic ray antimatter content via the observation of the cosmic rays shadowing effect due to: (1) good angular resolution, pointing accuracy and long-term stability; (2) low energy threshold; (3) real sensitivity to the geomagnetic field. Based on all the data recorded during the period from July 2006 through November 2009 and on a full Monte Carlo simulation, we searched for the existence of the shadow cast by antiprotons in the TeV energy region. No evidence of the existence of antiprotons is found in this energy region. Upper limits to the $\bar{p}/p$ flux ratio are set to 5 % at a median energy of 1.4 TeV and 6 % at 5 TeV with a confidence level of 90%. In the TeV energy range these limits are the lowest available., Comment: Contact authors: G. Di Sciascio (disciascio@roma2.infn.it) and R. Iuppa (iuppa@roma2.infn.it), INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy

Published
2012

45. Observation of the cosmic ray moon shadowing effect with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author

B. Bartoli, P. Bernardini, X. J. Bi, C. Bleve, I. Bolognino, P. Branchini, A. Budano, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, P. Camarri, Z. Cao, R. Cardarelli, S. Catalanotti, C. Cattaneo, P. Celio, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, Y. Chen, P. Creti, S. W. Cui, B. Z. Dai, G. D’Alí Staiti, null Danzengluobu, M. Dattoli, I. De Mitri, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T. Di Girolamo, X. H. Ding, G. Di Sciascio, C. F. Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Zhenyong Feng, F. Galeazzi, E. Giroletti, Q. B. Gou, Y. Q. Guo, H. H. He, Haibing Hu, Hongbo Hu, Q. Huang, M. Iacovacci, R. Iuppa, I. James, H. Y. Jia, null Labaciren, H. J. Li, J. Y. Li, X. X. Li, G. Liguori, C. Liu, C. Q. Liu, J. Liu, M. Y. Liu, H. Lu, X. H. Ma, G. Mancarella, S. M. Mari, G. Marsella, D. Martello, S. Mastroianni, P. Montini, C. C. Ning, A. Pagliaro, M. Panareo, B. Panico, L. Perrone, P. Pistilli, X. B. Qu, E. Rossi, F. Ruggieri, P. Salvini, R. Santonico, P. R. Shen, X. D. Sheng, F. Shi, C. Stanescu, A. Surdo, Y. H. Tan, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, C. Vigorito, B. Wang, H. Wang, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, B. Xu, L. Xue, Y. X. Yan, Q. Y. Yang, X. C. Yang, Z. G. Yao, A. F. Yuan, M. Zha, H. M. Zhang, Jilong Zhang, Jianli Zhang, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, null Zhaxiciren, null Zhaxisangzhu, X. X. Zhou, F. R. Zhu, Q. Q. Zhu, G. Zizzi, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, Xj, Bleve, C, Bolognino, I, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Melcarne, Akc, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Celio, P, Chen, Sz, Chen, Tl, Chen, Y, Creti, P, Cui, Sw, Dai, Bz, Staiti, Gd, Danzengluobu, Dattoli, M, De Mitri, I, Piazzoli, Bd, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, Xh, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Cf, Feng, Zy, Galeazzi, F, Giroletti, E, Gou, Qb, Guo, Yq, He, Hh, Hu, Hb, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, James, I, Jia, Hy, Labaciren, Li, Hj, Li, Jy, Li, Xx, Liguori, G, Liu, C, Liu, Cq, Liu, J, Liu, My, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Montini, P, Ning, Cc, Pagliaro, A, Panareo, M, Panico, B, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Qu, Xb, Rossi, E, Ruggieri, F, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wu, Cy, Wu, Hr, Xu, B, Xue, L, Yan, Yx, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Yao, Zg, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, Xy, Zhang, Y, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, Xx, Zhu, Fr, Zhu, Qq, Zizzi, G., Bartoli, Bruno, Catalanotti, Sergio, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Iacovacci, Michele, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, I., Bolognino, P., Branchini, A., Budano, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alı´ Staiti, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, F., Galeazzi, E., Giroletti, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, A., Pagliaro, Panareo, Marco, B., Panico, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Y. X., Yan, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, D'Ali' Staiti, G, Bi, XJ, Calabrese Melcarne, AK, Chen, SZ, Chen, TL, Cui, SW, Dai, BZ, D’Alı Staiti, G, D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B, Ding, XH, Feng, CF, Feng, ZYa, Feng, ZYo, Gou, QB, Guo, YQ, He, HH, Hu, HBi, Hu, HBo, Jia, HY, Li, HJ, Li, JY, Li, XX, Liu, CQ, Liu, MY, Ma, XH, Mari, SM, Ning, CC, Qu, XB, Shen, PR, Sheng, XD, Tan, YH, Wu, CY, Wu, HR, Yan, YX, Yang, QY, Yang, XC, Yao, ZG, Yuan, AF, Zhang, HM, Zhang, JLi, Zhang, JLo, Zhang, XY, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, XX, Zhu, FR, Zhu, QQ, and Zizzi, G

Subjects
Point spread function, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmic Rays, Gamma Astronomy, Extended Air Showers, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Standard deviation, Physics::Geophysics, Raggi cosmici, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, geomagnetic field, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Ombra della luna, Apparati di sciame, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Moon shadow, Astronomy, Magnetic field, Earth's magnetic field, Air shower, 13. Climate action, Physics::Space Physics
Abstract

Cosmic rays are hampered by the Moon and a deficit in its direction is expected (the so-called Moon shadow). The Moon shadow is an important tool to determine the performance of an air shower array. Indeed, the westward displacement of the shadow center, due to the bending effect of the geomagnetic field on the propagation of cosmic rays, allows the setting of the absolute rigidity scale of the primary particles inducing the showers recorded by the detector. In addition, the shape of the shadow permits to determine the detector point spread function, while the position of the deficit at high energies allows the evaluation of its absolute pointing accuracy. In this paper we present the observation of the cosmic ray Moon shadowing effect carried out by the ARGO-YBJ experiment in the multi-TeV energy region with high statistical significance (55 standard deviations). By means of an accurate Monte Carlo simulation of the cosmic rays propagation in the Earth-Moon system, we have studied separately the effect of the geomagnetic field and of the detector point spread function on the observed shadow. The angular resolution as a function of the particle multiplicity and the pointing accuracy have been obtained. The primary energy of detected showers has been estimated by measuring the westward displacement as a function of the particle multiplicity, thus calibrating the relation between shower size and cosmic ray energy. The stability of the detector on a monthly basis has been checked by monitoring the position and the deficit of the Moon shadow. Finally, we have studied with high statistical accuracy the shadowing effect in the day/’’night’’ time looking for possible effect induced by the solar wind.

Published
2011

46. Early warning for VHE gamma-ray flares with the ARGO-YBJ detector

Author

Y. Q. Guo, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Haibing Hu, H. J. Li, H. R. Wu, C. Bleve, Y. Zhang, L. Xue, X. B. Qu, D. Martello, C. Stanescu, Chang-Chun Ning, B. Bartoli, R. Santonico, Zhaoyang Feng, X. H. Ding, Hong-peng Lu, Jilong Zhang, F. Galeazzi, B. Z. Dai, F. R. Zhu, Y. X. Yan, L. Zhang, F. Ruggieri, Piero Vallania, B. Panico, F. Shi, Y. H. Tan, Zhenyong Feng, C. Liu, P. Branchini, Danzengluobu, X. C. Yang, M. Dattoli, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, Hongbo Hu, P. Pistilli, X. X. Zhou, C. Y. Wu, M. Iacovacci, M. Zha, X. H. Ma, A. Surdo, R. Cardarelli, C. F. Feng, M. Panareo, J. K. K. Liu, A. Cappa, G. Marsella, Bingwei Xu, E. Giroletti, X. Y. Zhang, Zhiguo Yao, H. H. He, Q. Q. Zhu, Q. B. Gou, A. F. Yuan, Minghui Liu, P. Creti, P. Galeotti, A. Budano, P. Salvini, Labaciren, Jianli Zhang, A. Pagliaro, I. De Mitri, X. D. Sheng, P. R. Shen, Paolo Bernardini, S. Mastroianni, T. Di Girolamo, T. L. Chen, H. M. Zhang, P. Celio, Q. Huang, Q. Y. Yang, I. Bolognino, G. Liguori, Zhaxiciren, G. Zizzi, J. Y. Li, G. Di Sciascio, C. X. Liu, H. W. Wang, G. D'Alí Staiti, Y. B. Chen, H. Y. Jia, Carlo Vigorito, Irina James, G. Mancarella, Paolo Camarri, L. Perrone, Zihuang Cao, X. X. Li, B. S. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, S. M. Mari, P. F. Zhang, X. J. Bi, S. Z. Chen, C. Cattaneo, E. Rossi, Paolo Montini, R. Iuppa, S. Vernetto, S. Catalanotti, S. W. Cui, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, XJ, Bleve, C, Bolognino, I, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Calabrese Melcarne, AK, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cappa, A, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Celio, P, Chen, SZ, Chen, TL, Chen, Y, Creti, P, Cui, SW, Dai, BZ, D’Ali' Staiti, G, Danzengluobu, Dattoli, M, De Mitri, I, D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, XH, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, CF, Feng, ZYa, Feng, ZYo, Galeazzi, F, Galeotti, P, Giroletti, E, Gou, QB, Guo, YQ, He, HH, Hu, HBa, Hu, HBo, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, James, I, Jia, HY, Labaciren, Li, HJ, Li, JY, Li, XX, Liguori, G, Liu, C, Liu, CQ, Liu, J, Liu, MY, Lu, H, Ma, XH, Mancarella, G, Mari, SM, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Montini, P, Ning, CC, Pagliaro, A, Panareo, M, Panico, B, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Qu, XB, Rossi, E, Ruggieri, F, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, PR, Sheng, XD, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, YH, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wu, CY, Wu, HR, Xu B, Xue, L, Yan, YX, Yang, QY, Yang, XC, Yao, ZG, Yuan, AF, Zha, M, Zhang, HM, Zhang, JLo, Zhang, JLi, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, XY, Zhang, Y, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, XX, Zhu, FR, Zhu, QQ, Zizzi, G, Bartoli, Bruno, Catalanotti, Sergio, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Iacovacci, Michele, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, I., Bolognino, P., Branchini, A., Budano, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alı´staiti, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, E., Giroletti, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Huo, Hongbo, Hue, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, A., Pagliaro, Panareo, Marco, B., Panico, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Y. X., Yan, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, Jilongzhang, Jianlizhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, Barton, B, Bi, Xj, Melcarne, Akc, Chen, Sz, Chen, Tl, Cui, Sw, Dai, Bz, Staiti, Gd, Piazzoli, Bd, Ding, Xh, Feng, Cf, Feng, Zy, Gou, Qb, Guo, Yq, He, Hh, Hu, Hb, Ilacovacci, M, Jia, Hy, Li, Hj, Li, Jy, Li, Xx, Liu, Cq, Liu, My, Ma, Xh, Mari, Stefano Maria, Ning, Cc, Qu, Xb, Santonicoi, R, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Tan, Yh, Wu, Cy, Wu, Hr, Xu, B, Yan, Yx, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Yao, Zg, Yuan, Af, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Xy, Zhou, Xx, Zhu, Fr, Zhu, Qq, and Zizzi, G.

Subjects
Wide field of view, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Monitoring, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, ARGO-YBJ, Flaring phenomenon, VHE extragalactic source, Astrophysics, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, Instrumentation, Sorgenti VHE extragalattiche, Argo, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, Fenomeni transienti, Warning system, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Monitoring Flaring Phenomenon, Astronomy, Wide field, Duty cycle, Ampio campo di vista, Flaring phenomena, VHE extragalactic sources, Gamma Ray Bursts, Large Field of view telescope, ARGO-YBJ, Gamma-ray burst
Abstract

Detecting and monitoring emissions from flaring gamma-ray sources in the very-high-energy (VHE, > 100 GeV) band is a very important topic in gamma-ray astronomy. The ARGO-YBJ detector is characterized by a high duty cycle and a wide field of view. Therefore, it is particularly capable of detecting flares from extragalactic objects. Based on fast reconstruction and analysis, real-time monitoring of 33 selected VHE extragalactic sources is implemented. Flares exceeding a specific threshold are reported timely, hence enabling the follow-up observation of these objects using more sensitive detectors, such as Cherenkov telescopes. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2011

47. The use of RPC in the ARGO-YBJ project

Author

Bacci, C., Bao, K.Z., Barone, F., Bartoli, B., Bastieri, D., Bernardini, P., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Cao, B.Y., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, A., Cesaroni, F., Creti, P., Danzengluobu, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., De Vincenzi, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, Z.Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X.Y., Geng, Q.X., Guo, H.W., Huang, Q., He, H.H., He, M., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, H.Y., Kong, F.M., Kuang, H.H., Labaciren, Li, B., Li, J.Y., Liu, Z.Q., Lu, H., Ma, X.H., Marmolino, C., Mancarella, G., Mari, S.M., Martello, D., Marsella, G., Mei, D.M., Meng, X.R., Morselli, A., Milano, L., Mu, J., Oliviero, M., Padovani, P., Panareo, M., Parisi, M., Peng, Z.R., Pistilli, P., Santonico, R., Sartori, G., Sbarra, C., Severino, G., Sparvoli, R., Stanescu, C., Storini, M., Shen, P.R., Sun, L.R., Sun, S.C., Su, J., Surdo, A., Tan, Y.H., Vernetto, S., Vietri, M., Wang, C.R., Wang, F., Wang, H.Y., Wei, Y.N., Yang, H.T., Yao, W.K., Yu, G.C., Yuan, A.F., Yue, X.D., Zhang, H.M., Zhang, J.L., Zhang, N.J., Zhang, T.J., Zhang, X.Y., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, and Zhu, Q.Q.

Published
1999
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48. Sun's shadow by 10 TeV cosmic rays under the influence of solar activity

Author

Amenomori, M, Ayabe, S, Cao, P.Y, Dai, B.Z, Ding, L.K, Feng, Z.Y, Fu, Y, Guo, H.W, He, M, Hibino, K, Hotta, N, Huang, Q, Huo, A.X, Izu, I, Jia, H.Y, Kajino, F, Kasahara, K, Katayose, Y, Labaciren, Li, J.Y, Liu, S.M, Lu, H, Lu, S.L, Luo, G.X, Mei, D.M, Meng, X.R, Mizutani, K, Mu, J, Nanjo, H, Nishizawa, M, Ohnishi, M, Ohta, I, Ouchi, T, Ren, J.R, Saito, To, Sakata, M, Sasaki, T, Shi, C, Shi, Z.Z, Shibata, M, Shiomi, A, Shirai, T, Sugimoto, H, Taira, K, Tan, Y.H, Tateyama, N, Torii, S, Utsugi, T, Wang, C.R, Wang, H, Wang, P.X, Xie, W, Xu, X.W, Yamamoto, Y, Yu, G.C, Yuan, A.F, Yuda, T, Zhang, C.S, Zhang, H.M, Zhang, J.L, Zhang, N.J, Zhang, X.Y, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhou, S.J, and Zhou, W.D

Published
1999
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49. Search for Gamma-Ray Bursts with the ARGO-YBJ Detector in Shower Mode

Author

Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gao, W., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., VALLANIA, PIERO, VERNETTO, Silvia Teresa, Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., ARGO-YBJ Collaboration, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, Mitri, I. De, Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Sciascio, G. Di, Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gao, W., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Null, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Null, Zhaxisangzhu, Null, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., and Girolamo, T. Di

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, gamma-ray burst: general, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, general [gamma-ray burst], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Gamma ray, hep-ph, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Redshift, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Air shower, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma-ray burst
Abstract

The ARGO-YBJ detector, located at the Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (4300 m a. s. l., Tibet, China), was a full coverage air shower array dedicated to gamma ray astronomy and cosmic ray studies. The wide field of view (~ 2 sr) and high duty cycle (> 86%), made ARGO-YBJ suitable to search for short and unexpected gamma ray emissions like gamma ray bursts (GRBs). Between 2007 November 6 and 2013 February 7, 156 satellite-triggered GRBs (24 of them with known redshift) occurred within the ARGO-YBJ field of view. A search for possible emission associated to these GRBs has been made in the two energy ranges 10-100 GeV and 10-1000 GeV. No significant excess has been found in time coincidence with the satellite detections nor in a time window of one hour after the bursts. Taking into account the EBL absorption, upper limits to the energy fluence at 99% of confidence level have been evaluated,with values ranging from ~ 10-5 erg cm-2 to ~10-1 erg cm-2., 24pages and 12 figures

Published
2017
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50. Performance of new 8-inch photomultiplier tube used for the Tibet muon-detector array

Author

Zhang, Y., primary, Huang, J., additional, Chen, D., additional, Zhai, L.-M., additional, Chen, X., additional, Hu, X.-B., additional, Lin, Y.-H., additional, Jin, H.-B., additional, Zhang, X.-Y., additional, Feng, C.-F., additional, Jia, H.-Y., additional, Zhou, X.-X., additional, Danzengluobu, Danzengluobu, additional, Chen, T.-L., additional, Labaciren, Labaciren, additional, Liu, M.-Y., additional, Gao, Q., additional, and Zhaxiciren, Zhaxiciren, additional

Published
2016
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