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Copyright of Electrotechnical Review / Elektrotehniski Vestnik is the property of Electrotechnical Society of Slovenia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims at the problems of no core in the stator coil of a compact multi-degree-of-freedom (M-DOF) motor, i.e. small output torque and low power density. In order to increase the output torque, a stator permanent magnet spherical motor based on flux switching is proposed. Firstly, the principle of flux switching is introduced. The basic structure of the new motor is preliminarily designed, and the motion mechanism is analysed for spin motion and tilt motion respectively. Then the minimum model of a novel motor is established in ANSYS by using the virtual displacement method. The key parameters such as the ratio of stator pole tooth to permanent magnet size, different stator pole tooth end structures, different pole tooth surface shapes, different pole sizes, permanent magnet thickness, different magnetisation methods and different ampere-turn numbers are optimised within a reasonable parameter range. The simulation results are analysed and discussed, and the optimal results for each key parameter are thus given. Finally, considering the arrangement of the stator and rotor poles, the rationality of the three-DOF motion was verified by means of two energising strategies, spin motion and tilt motion, verified the reasonableness of the above optimal parameters and thus determined the structural parameters of the new spherical motor to accomplish the three-DOF motion and the maximum torque range. The simulation results show that the electromagnetic torque varies approximately linearly over a range of ampere-turns for the same position of the rotor pole teeth. It provides an opportunity for the M-DOF motor design of a high torque output and power density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bzip transcription factors can modulate the transcriptional expressions of target genes by binding specifically to cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region of stress-related genes, hence regulating plant stress resistance. Here, we investigated a stress-responsive transcription factor Osbzip20 under abiotic stresses. The OsbZIP20-GFP fusion protein predominantly aggregated in the nucleus, in accordance with our subcellular localization. OsbZIP20 transcript was observed in all vegetative tissues with highest levels being detected in the seed. Transcription of Osbzip20 was induced by salinity, exsiccation, and abscisic acid. Overexpression of OsbZIP20 in transgenic rice considerably improved tolerance to salt and drought stresses, as well as increased sensitivity to ABA. Furthermore, abiotic stress responsive genes transcript were found to be remarkably elevated in transgenic rice overexpressing OsbZIP20 than in wild-type plants. SAPK10 was discovered to directly interact with and phosphorylate OsbZIP20. Yeast one-hybrid and luciferase assay revealed that OsbZIP20 acted as a transcriptional stimulator. Interestingly, gel shift assay showed that phosphorylated bZIP20 augmented its DNA-binding affinity to the ABRE element of the NHX1 promoter and induced its transcription. In sum, our findings establish a novel signaling pathway associated with the SAPK10-bZIP20-NHX1 synergistic interaction, as well as a new strategy for enhancing rice drought and salt tolerance. • A Novel mechanisms of signaling cascade associated with the SAPK10-bZIP20-NHX1. • OsbZIP20-GFP fusion protein predominantly aggregated in the nucleus. • Transcription of Osbzip20 was induced by salinity, exsiccation, and abscisic acid. • OsbZIP20 Overexpression considerably improved tolerance to salt and drought stresses. • Phosphorylated bZIP20 augmented its DNA-binding affinity to ABRE element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]