Search

Catalytic domino alkenylation–heteroarylation of nonconjugated iododienes proceeded with excellent stereoselectivity and broad scope of substrates.

In this article, we provide a detection method based on a convolutional neural network algorithm. Preamble detection is very important in underwater acoustic communication. Only the preamble signal can trigger the receiving operation to effectively process the acoustic data received underwater. The prerequisite for specifying the joint position of the distributed acoustic multiarray is the mutual calibration calculation of each array. This paper designs and develops a prototype system for microphone array sound source positioning and provides an optimized system to obtain calibration source mapping points for distributed sound transmission mutual calibration, and for mutual distributed acoustic microphone arrays, use epipolar geometry and normalization algorithm for calibration to provide a basis for a mutual calibration calculation model and functional module design. Finally, perform numerical simulation verification. It provides a design plan and implementation method for the Internet-based smart city education system, aiming to achieve professional education and educational needs related to the Internet of Things. First, we will take Internet application technology as an example to analyze the functional requirements of the education system, including the positioning of human resource development, integrated sensors, C/C#/Java application development technology, and other technical means to realize the smart city education system. Based on the theory of business management, this paper studies the business planning issues of smart city construction. The main content is divided into three parts: business composition and management and planning management. This is an important part of business. It plays a decisive role in the overall planning and implementation stage and protects the implementation progress of the project and ensures the quality of the project by including important content.

Objective. Identifying gene mutation signatures will enable a better understanding for the occurrence, development, and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and provide some potential biomarkers for clinical practice. This study investigated the mutated genes in HCC patients and assessed their relationship with tumor mutation burden (TMB) and prognosis. Methods. The somatic mutation annotation format (MAF) document, mRNA expression matrix, and clinical information of HCC patients were obtained from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The differences of TMB between the mutant type and the wild-type genes were detected using the Mann–Whitney U test. The link of gene mutations with prognosis was explored by the Kaplan–Meier analysis. The proportion of 22 immune cells’ composition was measured using CIBERSORT algorithm. Results. The two databases screened 16 common mutated genes, which included TP53, TTN, LRP1B, ZFHX4, MUC16, OBSCN, CSMD3, FLG, CSMD1, SYNE1, SPTA1, USH2A, KMT2C, PCLO, HMCN1, and FAT3. After a series of analysis, MUC16 mutation was found to be highly correlated with TMB and was regarded as an independent factor predicting HCC. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that the MUC16 mutation was significantly involved in HCC cell metabolism. Conclusions. MUC16 mutation seems to be a valuable potential biomarker for HCC development and its overall survival.

A nickel complex of isoquinox promoted enantioselective conjugate arylation and heteroarylation of enones using aryl and heteroaryl halides directly. The reaction was successfully applied to stereoselective syntheses of ar-turmerone, chiral fragments of (+)-tolterodine and AZD5672. Mechanistically, experiments and calculations supported that an arylnickel(I) complex inserted to enones via an elementary 1,4-addition. National Research Foundation (NRF) We acknowledge financial support from Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs for J.S.Z., the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 21933004) for Y.D.W., and Singapore National Research Foundation (NRF-CRP22-2019-0002) for Y.R.C.

Purpose: This meta-analysis investigated the relationships between the CD44+/CD24- phenotype and tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) in 8036 postoperative breast cancer patients enrolled in 23 studies.Methods: A literature search of PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and PMC was conducted to identify eligible studies. The combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were analyzed to evaluate the relationships between the CD44+/CD24- phenotype and the pathological and biological characteristics of breast cancer patients, and the combined hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were calculated to evaluate the relationships between CD44+/CD24- and DFS and OS of breast cancer petients using Stata12.0 software.Results: The CD44+/CD24- phenotype were not related to the tumor size (tumor size > 2.0 cm vs ≤ 2.0 cm, combined OR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.68–1.34, p = 0.792) and didn’t promote lymph node metastasis (lymph node metastasis vs. no lymph node metastasis, combined OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.71–1.26, p = 0.692) and distant metastasis (distant metastasis vs no distant metastasis, combined OR = 3.88, 95% CI: 0.93–16.24, p = 0.064). The CD44+/CD24- phenotype was negatively correlated with postoperative DFS (HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.35–2.07, p

This meta-analysis investigated the relationships between the CD44A literature search of PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and PMC was conducted to identify eligible studies. The combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were analyzed to evaluate the relationships between the CD44The CD44These results suggested expression of the CD44

In patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), lymph node (N) metastases are associated with cancer aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Identifying meaningful gene modules and representative biomarkers relevant to the N stage helps predict prognosis and reveal mechanisms underlying tumor progression. The present study used a step‑wise approach for weighted gene co‑expression network analysis (WGCNA). Dataset GSE65858 was subjected to WGCNA. RNA sequencing data of HNC downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and dataset GSE39366 were utilized to validate the results. Following data preprocessing, 4,295 genes were screened, and blue and black modules associated with the N stage of HNC were identified. A total of 16 genes [keratinocyte differentiation associated protein, suprabasin, cornifelin (CNFN), small proline rich protein 1B, desmoglein 1 (DSG1), chromosome 10 open reading frame 99, keratin 16 pseudogene 3, gap junction protein β2, dermokine, LY6/PLAUR domain containing 3, transmembrane protein 79, phospholipase A2 group IVE, transglutaminase 5, potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 6, involucrin, kallikrein related peptidase 8] that had a negative association with the N‑stage in the blue module, and two genes (structural maintenance of chromosomes 4 and mutS homolog 6) that had a positive association in the black module, were identified to be candidate hub genes. Following further validation in TCGA and dataset GSE65858, it was identified that CNFN and DSG1 were associated with the clinical stage of HNC. Survival analysis of CNFN and DSG1 was subsequently performed. Patients with increased expression of CNFN displayed better survival probability in dataset GSE65858 and TCGA. Therefore, CNFN was selected as the hub gene for further verification in the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database. Finally, functional enrichment and gene set enrichment analyses were performed using datasets GSE65858 and GSE39366. Three gene sets, namely 'P53 pathway', 'estrogen response early' and 'estrogen response late', were enriched in the two datasets. In conclusion, CNFN, identified via the WGCNA algorithm, may contribute to the prediction of lymph node metastases and prognosis, probably by regulating the pathways associated with P53, and the early and late estrogen response.

Accurate knowledge of the telescope's point spread function (PSF) is essential for the weak gravitational lensing measurements that hold great promise for cosmological constraints. For space telescopes, the PSF may vary with time due to thermal drifts in the telescope structure, and/or due to jitter in the spacecraft pointing (ground-based telescopes have additional sources of variation). We describe and simulate a procedure for using the images of the stars in each exposure to determine the misalignment and jitter parameters, and reconstruct the PSF at any point in that exposure's field of view. The simulation uses the design of the SNAP (http://snap.lbl.gov) telescope. Stellar-image data in a typical exposure determines secondary-mirror positions as precisely as $20 {\rm nm}$. The PSF ellipticities and size, which are the quantities of interest for weak lensing are determined to $4.0 \times 10^{-4}$ and $2.2 \times 10^{-4}$ accuracies respectively in each exposure, sufficient to meet weak-lensing requirements. We show that, for the case of a space telescope, the PSF estimation errors scale inversely with the square root of the total number of photons collected from all the usable stars in the exposure., Comment: 20 pages, 6 figs, submitted to PASP

We report the discovery of a new gravitationally lensed quasar from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, SDSS J090334.92+502819.2. This object was targeted for SDSS spectroscopy as a Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG), but manual examination of the spectrum showed the presence of a quasar at z= 3.6 in addition to a red galaxy at z=0.388, and the SDSS image showed a second possible quasar image nearby. Follow-up imaging and spectroscopy confirmed the lensing hypothesis. In images taken at the ARC 3.5-meter telescope, two quasars are separated by 2.8 arc-seconds; the lensing galaxy is clearly seen and is blended with one of the quasar images. Spectroscopy taken at the Keck II telescope shows that the quasars have identical redshifts of z=3.6 and both show the presence of the same broad absorption line-like troughs. We present simple lens models which account for the geometry and magnifications. The lens galaxy lies near two groups of galaxies and may be a part of them. The models suggest that the groups may contribute considerable shear and may have a strong effect on the lens configuration.

The radioresistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains an obstacle for the effective radiotherapy of ESCC. This study aimed to investigate the radiosensitization of ESCC by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor stattic. ECA109, TE13, and KYSE150 cell lines were exposed to hypoxia and treated with stattic or radiation, alone or in combination. Cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, and double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) were examined. In addition, ECA109 cells were xenografted into nude mice and treated with radiation and/or stattic. The levels of STAT3, p-STAT3, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ESCC cells and xenografts were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. Our results showed that stattic efficiently radiosensitized ESCC cells and xenografts, especially under hypoxia. Moreover, stattic inhibited STAT3 activation and downregulated HIF-1α and VEGF expression. In conclusion, stattic confers radiosensitivity in ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo and is a potential adjuvant for the radiotherapy of ESCC in the clinical setting.

Triptolide (TPL/TL) is a natural drug with novel anticancer effects. Preclinical studies indicated that TPL inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell apoptosis, inhibits tumor metastasis and enhances the effect of other therapeutic methods in various cancer cell lines. Multiple molecules and signaling pathways, such as caspases, heat-shock proteins, NF-κB, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair-associated factors, are associated with the anti-cancer effect. TPL also improves chemoradiosensitivity in cancer therapy. Phase I trials indicate the potential clinical value of TPL use. However, further trials with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.

Background The radiation resistance of prostate cancer remains the primary obstacle to improve patient survival. This study aimed to investigate the effects of berberine, a commonly used natural product, on the radiosensitivity of prostate cancer. Methods Prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and DU-145 were subjected to hypoxia and/or ionizing radiation (IR), in the presence or absence of berberine treatment. Cell growth and colony formation, and apoptosis were evaluated. Moreover, LNCaP cells were xenografted into nude mice and subjected to IR and/or berberine treatment. The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in prostate cancer cells and xenografts was detected by Western blot analysis. Results Berberine increased radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells and xenografts in a dose dependent manner, and this was correlated with the inhibition of HIF-1α and VEGF expression. Conclusions Berberine may inhibit the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF and thus confer radiosensitivity on prostatic cancer cells. Berberine has potential application as an adjuvant in radiotherapy of prostatic cancer. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1519827543125021.

This white paper describes the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC), whose goal is the study of dark energy and related topics in fundamental physics with data from the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). It provides an overview of dark energy science and describes the current and anticipated state of the field. It makes the case for the DESC by laying out a robust analytical framework for dark energy science that has been defined by its members and the comprehensive three-year work plan they have developed for implementing that framework. The analysis working groups cover five key probes of dark energy: weak lensing, large scale structure, galaxy clusters, Type Ia supernovae, and strong lensing. The computing working groups span cosmological simulations, galaxy catalogs, photon simulations and a systematic software and computational framework for LSST dark energy data analysis. The technical working groups make the connection between dark energy science and the LSST system. The working groups have close linkages, especially through the use of the photon simulations to study the impact of instrument design and survey strategy on analysis methodology and cosmological parameter estimation. The white paper describes several high priority tasks identified by each of the 16 working groups. Over the next three years these tasks will help prepare for LSST analysis, make synergistic connections with ongoing cosmological surveys and provide the dark energy community with state of the art analysis tools. Members of the community are invited to join the LSST DESC, according to the membership policies described in the white paper. Applications to sign up for associate membership may be made by submitting the Web form at http://www.slac.stanford.edu/exp/lsst/desc/signup.html with a short statement of the work they wish to pursue that is relevant to the LSST DESC.

Forthcoming projects such as DES, LSST, WFIRST, and Euclid aim to measure weak lensing shear correlations with unprecedented precision, constraining the dark energy equation of state at the percent level. Reliance on photometrically-determined redshifts constitutes a major source of uncertainty for these surveys. Additionally, interpreting the weak lensing signal requires a detailed understanding of the nonlinear physics of gravitational collapse. We present a new analysis of the stringent calibration requirements for weak lensing analyses of future imaging surveys that addresses both photo-z uncertainty and errors in the calibration of the matter power spectrum. We find that when photo-z uncertainty is taken into account the requirements on the level of precision in the prediction for the matter power spectrum are more stringent than previously thought. Including degree-scale galaxy clustering statistics in a joint analysis with weak lensing not only strengthens the survey's constraining power by ~20%, but can also have a profound impact on the calibration demands, decreasing the degradation in dark energy constraints with matter power spectrum uncertainty by a factor of 2-5. Similarly, using galaxy clustering information significantly relaxes the demands on photo-z calibration. We compare these calibration requirements to the contemporary state-of-the-art in photometric redshift estimation and predictions of the power spectrum and suggest strategies to utilize forthcoming data optimally., Comment: 3 new figures; new section added on multipole-dependence of calibration requirements; references added; version accepted by JCAP

A goal of forthcoming imaging surveys is to use weak gravitational lensing shear measurements to constrain dark energy. We quantify the importance of uncalibrated photometric redshift outliers to the dark energy goals of forthcoming imaging surveys in a manner that does not assume any particular photometric redshift technique or template. In so doing, we provide an approximate blueprint for computing the influence of specific outlier populations on dark energy constraints. We find that outliers whose photo-z distributions are tightly localized about a significantly biased redshift must be controlled to a per-galaxy rate of ~ 2.4 and z_phot, Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, references added, minor changes to address points made by referee, accepted for publication in ApJ

Weak gravitational lensing surveys using photometric redshifts can have their cosmological constraints severely degraded by errors in the photo-z scale. We explore the cosmological degradation vs the size of the spectroscopic survey required to calibrate the photo-z probability distribution. Previous work has assumed a simple Gaussian distribution of photo-z errors; here we describe a method for constraining an arbitrary parametric photo-z error model. As an example we allow the photo-z probability distribution to be the sum of $N_g$ Gaussians. To limit cosmological degradation to a fixed level, photo-z models with multiple Gaussians require up to 5 times larger calibration sample than one would estimate from assuming a single-Gaussian model. This degradation saturates at $N_g\approx 4$. Assuming a single Gaussian when the photo-z distribution has multiple parameters underestimates cosmological parameter uncertainties by up to 35%. The size of required calibration sample also depends upon the shape of the fiducial distribution, even when the RMS photo-z error is held fixed. The required calibration sample size varies up to a factor of 40 among the fiducial models studied, but this is reduced to a factor of a few if the photo-z parameters are forced to be slowly varying with redshift. Finally we show that the size of the required calibration sample can be substantially reduced by optimizing its redshift distribution. We hope this study will help stimulate work on better understanding of photo-z errors., 9 pages 4 figures, minor changes, match the published version

We modify the public PM code developed by Anatoly Klypin and Jon Holtzman to simulate cosmology with arbitrary initial power spectrum and equation of state of dark energy. With this tool in hand, we perform the following studies on the matter power spectrum. With an artificial sharp peak at k~0.2 h/Mpc in the initial power spectrum, we find that the position of the peak is not shifted by nonlinear evolution. We also find that the existence of a peak in the linear power spectrum would boost the nonlinear power at all scales evenly. This is contrary to what HKLM scaling relation predicts, but roughly consistent with that of halo model. We construct two dark energy models with the same linear power spectra today but different linear growth histories. We demonstrate that their nonlinear power spectra differ at the level of the maximum deviation of the corresponding linear power spectra in the past. Similarly, two constructed dark energy models with the same growth histories result in consistent nonlinear power spectra. This is hinting, not a proof, that linear power spectrum together with linear growth history uniquely determine the nonlinear power spectrum. Based on these results, we propose that linear growth history be included in the next generation fitting formulas of nonlinear power spectrum. (abridged), Comment: Reference added, minor changes, accepted by ApJ

We perform a systematic analysis of the effects of photometric redshift uncertainties on weak lensing tomography. We describe the photo-z distribution with a bias and Gaussian scatter that are allowed to vary arbitrarily between intervals of dz = 0.1 in redshift.While the mere presence of bias and scatter does not substantially degrade dark energy information, uncertainties in both parameters do. For a fiducial next-generation survey each would need to be known to better than about 0.003-0.01 in redshift for each interval in order to lead to less than a factor of 1.5 increase in the dark energy parameter errors. The more stringent requirement corresponds to a larger dark energy parameter space, when redshift variation in the equation of state of dark energy is allowed.Of order 10^4-10^5 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts fairly sampled from the source galaxy distribution will be needed to achieve this level of calibration. If the sample is composed of multiple galaxy types, a fair sample would be required for each. These requirements increase in stringency for more ambitious surveys; we quantify such scalings with a convenient fitting formula. No single aspect of a photometrically binned selection of galaxies such as their mean or median suffices, indicating that dark energy parameter determinations are sensitive to the shape and nature of outliers in the photo-z redshift distribution., 10 pages, 12 figures, accepted by ApJ

We study 16,707 quasar spectra from the SDSS using the Karhunen-Lo��ve (KL) transform (or Principal Component Analysis, PCA). The quasar eigenspectra of the full catalog reveal the following: 1st order - the mean spectrum; 2nd order - a host-galaxy component; 3rd order - the UV-optical continuum slope; 4th order - the correlations of Balmer emission lines. We find that the spectral classification of quasars is redshift and luminosity dependent, as such there does not exist a compact set (< 10 modes) of eigenspectra (covering 900 to 8000 angstrom) which can describe most variations (> 95%) of the entire catalog. We therefore construct several sets of eigenspectra in different redshift and luminosity bins. From these eigenspectra we find that quasar spectra can be classified (by the first two eigenspectra) into a sequence that is defined by a simple progression in the steepness of the slope of the continuum. We also find a dependence on redshift and luminosity in the eigencoefficients. The dominant redshift effect is a result of the evolution of the blended FeII emission (optical) and the Balmer continuum (the ``small bump''). A luminosity dependence is also present in the eigencoefficients and is related to the Baldwin effect. The eigenspectra constructed from the wavelength-selected SDSS spectra are found to agree with the principal components by Francis et al. (1992) and the well-known ``Eigenvector-1'' (Boroson and Green 1992). (Abridged), AJ accepted. 65 pages, 27 figures, 9 tables. Resolutions of some figures are lowered