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Abstract Electric torque wrenches play a critical role in the assembly process of high‐strength bolts. This study focuses on three assembly processes for high‐strength bolts and introduces two statistical analysis methods to evaluate the quality of bolt assembly. To improve performance, a novel fully digital electric torque wrench, integrated with a smart meter chip, is designed. This wrench achieves integration between the current sensor control method and the torque sensor control method through a simplified hardware circuit, ensuring high precision and stability. Moreover, the AC voltage self‐stabilization method and Savitzky–Golay filtering method are employed in this study to enhance the accuracy and robustness of the wrench. Simulation experiments using Simulink and Matlab validate the effectiveness of these two methods. Additionally, a cloud platform is utilized to facilitate seamless connectivity and data transmission, enabling rapid Internet of Things access for the wrench.

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) restricts platelet activation via platelet collagen receptor GPVI/FcRγ-chain. In this study, screening against collagen-induced platelet aggregation was performed to identify functional CEACAM1 extracellular domain fragments. CEACAM1 fragments, including Ala-substituted peptides, were synthesized. Platelet assays were conducted on healthy donor samples for aggregation, cytotoxicity, adhesion, spreading, and secretion. Mice were used for tail bleeding and FeCl3-induced thrombosis experiments. Clot retraction was assessed using platelet-rich plasma. Extracellular segments of CEACAM1 and A1 domain-derived peptide QDTT were identified, while N, A2, and B domains showed no involvement. QDTT inhibited platelet aggregation. Ala substitution for essential amino acids (Asp139, Thr141, Tyr142, Trp144, and Trp145) in the QDTT sequence abrogated collagen-induced aggregation inhibition. QDTT also suppressed platelet secretion and “inside-out” GP IIb/IIIa activation by convulxin, along with inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathways. QDTT curtailed FeCl3-induced mesenteric thrombosis without significantly prolonging bleeding time, implying the potential of CEACAM1 A1 domain against platelet activation without raising bleeding risk, thus paving the way for novel antiplatelet drugs.

Background Complex interconnections are evident among gut microbiota, circulating metabolites, inflammatory cytokines, and the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), with the causal dynamics yet to be comprehensively elucidated. The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the potential causal relationships involving gut microbiota-mediated plasma metabolites, inflammatory cytokines, and AAA.Methods We utilized data from genome-wide association studies predominantly comprising individuals of European ancestry, encompassing four major gut microbiota signatures, 233 plasma metabolite signatures (N = 136,016), 91 inflammatory cytokine signatures (N = 14,824), and AAA signatures (N = 1,458,875). Mendelian randomization (MR), employed in a two-sample format, was utilized as a tool to investigate the potential causal pathways from gut microbiota to the development of AAA. Additionally, a two-step MR approach was employed to dissect the impact of plasma metabolites and inflammatory cytokines on the relationship between gut microbiota and AAA and to ascertain the mediated fractions.Results Our findings indicate that five phylum or family-identical bacteria, 175 plasma metabolites, and seven inflammatory factors are causally associated with AAA. Among them, five bacterial species from the same phylum or family, identified from different GWAS data, were strongly associated with AAA. Of these, two exhibited negative causality and three exhibited positive causality. We found that the phylum Firmicutes and the families Oscillospiraceae might reduce the risk of AAA, whereas the families Prevotellaceae, Sutterellaceae, and Aminobacteriaceae might increase the risk of AAA. Further screening indicated that phylum Firmicutes id.1672 (GCST90017114) may confer a protective effect against AAA by reducing triglyceride levels in medium/small high-density lipoprotein (HDL).Conclusion MR analysis has delineated a causal pathway from gut microbiota, through plasma circulating metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, to the pathogenesis of AAA. The role of intestinal flora and certain biomarkers may provide a reference for the diagnosis of AAA, and contribute to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AAA disease.

Introduction Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) guided by coronary angiography-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) or intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has shown improved clinical outcomes compared with angiography-only-guided PCI. In patients with intermediate stenoses, FFR resulted in fewer coronary interventions and was non-inferior to IVUS with respect to clinical outcomes. However, whether this finding can be applied to angiography-derived FFR in significant coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear.Method and analysis The comparison of angiography-derived FFR-guided and IVUS-guided intervention strategies for clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (FLAVOUR II) trial is a multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled trial. A total of 1872 patients with angiographically significant CAD (stenoses of at least 50% as estimated visually through angiography) in a major epicardial coronary artery will be randomised 1:1 to receive either angiography-derived FFR-guided or IVUS-guided PCI. Patients will be treated with second-generation drug-eluting stent according to the predefined criteria for revascularisation: angiography-derived FFR≤0.8 and minimal lumen area (MLA)≤3 mm2 or 3 mm270%. The primary endpoint is a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction and revascularisation at 12 months after randomisation. We will test the non-inferiority of the angiography-derived FFR-guided strategy compared with the IVUS-guided decision for PCI and the stent optimisation strategy.The FLAVOUR II trial will provide new insights into optimal evaluation and treatment strategies for patients with CAD.Ethics and dissemination FLAVOUR II was approved by the institutional review board at each participating site (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Approval No: 2020LSYD410) and will be conducted in line with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent would be obtained from each patient before their participation. The study results will be submitted to a scientific journal.Trial registration number NCT04397211.

Introduction: Luteolin inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation, but the mechanisms are unclear. This study investigated the effects of luteolin on GPVI-mediated platelet activation in vitro and explored the effect of luteolin on thrombosis, coagulation, and platelet production in vivo.Methods: Washed human platelets were used for aggregation, membrane protein expression, ATP, Ca2+, and LDH release, platelet adhesion/spreading, and clot retraction experiments. Washed human platelets were used to detect collagen and convulxin-induced reactive oxygen species production and endogenous antioxidant effects. C57BL/6 male mice were used for ferric chloride-induced mesenteric thrombosis, collagen-epinephrine induced acute pulmonary embolism, tail bleeding, coagulation function, and luteolin toxicity experiments. The interaction between luteolin and GPVI was analyzed using solid phase binding assay and surface plasmon resonance (SPR).Results: Luteolin inhibited collagen- and convulxin-mediated platelet aggregation, adhesion, and release. Luteolin inhibited collagen- and convulxin-induced platelet ROS production and increased platelet endogenous antioxidant capacity. Luteolin reduced convulxin-induced activation of ITAM and MAPK signaling molecules. Molecular docking simulation showed that luteolin forms hydrogen bonds with GPVI. The solid phase binding assay showed that luteolin inhibited the interaction between collagen and GPVI. Surface plasmon resonance showed that luteolin bonded GPVI. Luteolin inhibited integrin αIIbβ3-mediated platelet activation. Luteolin inhibited mesenteric artery thrombosis and collagen- adrenergic-induced pulmonary thrombosis in mice. Luteolin decreased oxidative stress in vivo. Luteolin did not affect coagulation, hemostasis, or platelet production in mice.Discussion: Luteolin may be an effective and safe antiplatelet agent target for GPVI. A new mechanism (decreased oxidative stress) for the anti-platelet activity of luteolin has been identified.

AbstractSeptic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is a serious complication caused by sepsis that will further exacerbate the patient's prognosis. However, immune-related genes (IRGs) and their molecular mechanism during septic cardiomyopathy are largely unknown. Therefore, our study aims to explore the immune-related hub genes (IRHGs) and immune-related miRNA-mRNA pairs with potential biological regulation in SCM by means of bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.MethodFirstly, screen differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) from the dataset GSE79962, and construct a PPI network of DE-mRNAs. Secondly, the hub genes of SCM were identified from the PPI network and the hub genes were overlapped with immune cell marker genes (ICMGs) to further obtain IRHGs in SCM. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also performed in this process to determine the disease diagnostic capability of IRHGs. Finally, the crucial miRNA-IRHG regulatory network of IRHGs was predicted and constructed by bioinformatic methods. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and dataset GSE72380 were used to validate the expression of the key miRNA-IRHG axis.ResultThe results of immune infiltration showed that neutrophils, Th17 cells, Tfh cells, and central memory cells in SCM had more infiltration than the control group; A total of 2 IRHGs were obtained by crossing the hub gene with the ICMGs, and the IRHGs were validated by dataset and qRT-PCR. Ultimately, we obtained the IRHG in SCM: THBS1. The ROC curve results of THBS1 showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.909. Finally, the miR-222-3p/THBS1 axis regulatory network was constructed.ConclusionIn summary, we propose that THBS1 may be a key IRHG, and can serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis of SCM; in addition, the immune-related regulatory network miR-222-3p/THBS1 may be involved in the regulation of the pathogenesis of SCM and may serve as a promising candidate for SCM therapy.

BackgroundHigher CHA2DS2-VASc score is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardio-cerebrovascular events in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), regardless of oral anticoagulation (OAC) status. However, whether this association still exists in patients undergoing left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is unknown. We evaluated the impact of CHA2DS2-VASc score on LAAC efficacy and outcomes.MethodsA total of 401 consecutive patients undergoing LAAC were included and divided into 3 groups based on CHA2DS2-VASc score (0–2, 3–4, and ≥5). Baseline characteristics, periprocedural complications, and long-term outcomes were collected and compared across all groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences in implantation success, periprocedural complications, and long-term outcomes across all score groups. Kaplan-Meier estimation showed that the cumulative ratio of freedom from all-cause mortality (P = 0.146), cardiovascular mortality (P = 0.519), and non-cardiovascular mortality (P = 0.168) did not differ significantly by CHA2DS2-VASc score group. LAAC decreased the risks of thromboembolism and major bleeding, resulting in a relative risk reduction (RRR) of 82.4% (P < 0.001) and 66.7% (P < 0.001) compared with expected risks in the overall cohort, respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that observed risks of thromboembolism and major bleeding were significantly lower than the expected risks in score 3–4 and score ≥5 groups, respectively. The level of RRR increased with CHA2DS2-VASc score (P < 0.001 for trend) for thromboembolism but not for major bleeding (P = 0.2729 for trend).ConclusionPatients with higher CHA2DS2-VASc score did not experience worse outcomes, which may be partly attributed to more benefits provided by LAAC intervention in such patients compared to those with a low score.

Deep learning methodologies have revolutionized prediction in many fields and is potential to do the same in the petroleum industry because of the complex oil–gas reservoir. A limitation remains for dense shale exploration in that the shales with invisible bedding are difficult to characterize measurably because of the considerable complexity of the geological structures. The oblique-incidence reflectivity difference method (OIRD) is sensitive to the surface features and was used to obtain a layered distribution of dielectric properties in shales. In this paper, we report a combination of OIRD and deep learning method to identify the dielectric anisotropy of an invisible-bedding shale. The model performs well and clearly identifies the bedding of the shale based on the output values associated with the probability. Only a single direction was determined to have laminations with widths of 20–60μm. The anisotropy features detected by OIRD also existed in the invisible-bedding shale and were caused by the smaller cracks and denser particles’ orientation relative to general shales. As current dense reservoirs include rich invisible-bedding shales, we believe that the OIRD method combined with deep learning method can help improve the exploration efficiency of shale reservoirs.

Abstract Flexible biosensors with high accuracy and reliable operation in detecting pH and uric acid levels in body fluids are fabricated using well-engineered metal-doped porous carbon as electrode material. The gold nanoparticles@N-doped carbon in situ are prepared using wool keratin as both a novel carbon precursor and a stabilizer. The conducting electrode material is fabricated at 500 °C under customized parameters, which mimics A–B type (two different repeating units) polymeric material and displays excellent deprotonation performance (pH sensitivity). The obtained pH sensor exhibits high pH sensitivity of 57 mV/pH unit and insignificant relative standard deviation of 0.088%. Conversely, the composite carbon material with sp 2 structure prepared at 700 °C is doped with nitrogen and gold nanoparticles, which exhibits good conductivity and electrocatalytic activity for uric acid oxidation. The uric acid sensor has linear response over a range of 1–150 µM and a limit of detection 0.1 µM. These results will provide new avenues where biological material will be the best start, which can be useful to target contradictory applications through molecular engineering at mesoscale.

The depositional products of sedimentary rocks provide vital references for investigating the paleoenvironment, paleogeography, and tectonic evolution history. However, the detection methods of geological evolution are still relatively complicated, and how to combine geological age and geological evolution is confusing. Based on the sensitivity of terahertz waves to organic matter, a THz dating method was introduced for characterizing the geological age of sedimentary rocks. In this study, the geological evolution of Liujiang Basin was analyzed by using terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). According to the close relation between organic matter content and sedimentary environment, it can be inferred that the geological deposition in this area is affected by Marine cover. In addition, the refractive index of Ordovician sedimentary rocks is significantly higher than that of other sedimentary rocks. Based on these results, it is inferred that the sedimentary environment of the Liujiang Basin gradually changed from continental deposition to deep-water marine deposition from the Neoproterozoic to the Ordovician, and the sea water gradually retreated due to the crustal movement, resulting in a transition from deep-water deposition to continental inshore ocean facies deposition. These findings are highly consistent with the geological history of the study area. Combined with principal component analysis (PCA) technology, the relative geological age of sedimentary rocks can be divided. Our study con-firmed the reliability of this THz dating technique, which provides an effective way to study the geological evolution history of sedimentary rocks.

Introduction: Patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and previous stroke are at significantly higher risk of stroke recurrence. Data on the efficacy of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) on these patients is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences of LAAC efficacy on long-term cardio- and cerebrovascular outcomes in NVAF patients with vs. without prior stroke.Methods: Three hundred and seventy consecutive NVAF patients who underwent LAAC were enrolled and divided into stroke and non-stroke groups based on history of previous stroke. Endpoints, such as thromboembolism, major bleeding, and mortality post-LAAC, were followed up among groups.Results: Patients in the stroke group had higher mean CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores compared to the non-stroke group (5.1 vs. 3.6 and 4.1 vs. 3.4, both P < 0.001, respectively). Over a median follow-up of 2.2 years, there were no significant differences in incidence rates of thromboembolism, device-related thrombus (DRT), major bleeding, and combined efficacy endpoints between the two groups. In both stroke and non-stroke groups, LAAC decreased the risk of thromboembolism [relative risk reduction (RRR) 87.5%, P = 0.034, and 74.6%, P = 0.004, respectively] and major bleeding (RRR 68.8%, P = 0.034, and 68.6%, P = 0.007, respectively) compared with predicted risk. The RRR in thromboembolism was greater in patients with vs. without prior stroke (OR 2.45, 95% CI: 1.20–5.12, P = 0.016). The incidence rates of all-cause mortality and non-cardiovascular death were similar between the two groups, but the risks of cardiovascular death post-LAAC both before (1.4% vs. 8.1%, respectively, P = 0.038) and after adjustment for confounding factors (P = 0.048) were significantly decreased in the stroke group.Conclusions: Patients with vs. without prior stroke did not exhibit a worse clinical prognosis after LAAC. LAAC may provide an increased benefit in cardio-cerebrovascular outcomes in patients with previous stroke compared to those without previous stroke. Further research is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of LAAC in this field.

Based on the Ciqu station project of Beijing Metro Line 17, this paper studies the influence of metro proximity construction in confined water stratum on the existing station, and puts forward relevant deformation control measures to solve the technical problem of new station zero distance under the complex geological conditions. Based on the systematic study of decompression and precipitation, embedment depth of ground wall and ground load of existing station, it is found that the deformation of existing station can be well controlled by taking precise precipitation, appropriately increasing embedment depth of ground wall and ground load of existing station at the same time, so as to achieve safe construction. Studies have shown that in the case of the existing station structure with deformation joints, the internal force of the structure is reduced by 58% compared with that of the station without deformation joints, The allowable deformation of existing station structure with reserved deformation joints is more than 3 times higher than that without reserved deformation joints, The existence of deformation joints improves the anti-damage ability of existing stations.

Abstract Background Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an autoimmune disease triggered by acute rheumatic fever (ARF). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the modulation of immune responses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of MMP1, 3, and 12 promoter polymorphisms with RHD in a Han population in Southern China since the 3 genes are localized on the same chromosome and have a combined effect. Methods DNA samples were obtained from 90 adult patients with RHD and 90 control subjects. Polymorphisms in MMP1 (rs1799750), MMP3 (rs3025058), and MMP12 (rs2276109) were genotyped by direct sequencing. Differences in genotype and allele frequencies of these polymorphisms were compared between the cases and the controls using Unconditional logistic regression models and Chi-squared test. Results The 2G/2G genotype of rs1799750 in MMP1 was associated with a significantly higher risk of RHD when compared with the 1G/1G genotype (OR = 3.227; 95% CI:1.118–9.31; p = 0.03). The frequency of allele 2G was higher in patients with RHD compared to the controls (69.4% vs. 58.9%; p = 0.048) No significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of rs3025058 in MMP3 and rs2276109 in MMP12 were found between the patients with RHD and the controls (p > 0.05). Conclusions Our results suggest that rs1799750 in MMP1 might be a risk factor for RHD in a Han population in Southern China, and individuals carrying the 2G/2G genotype are likely more susceptible to RHD. In contrast, rs3025058 in MMP3 and rs2276109 in MMP12 might not contribute to the risk of developing RHD in this population. Further studies with larger samples and other ethnic populations are required to confirm these findings.

In this paper, ultraviolet laser with the wavelength of 248 nm was employed to assess the laser-induced plasma transmission spectroscopy of four kinds of sandstone. The research focused on the interactions between the laser pulse and the component as well as the structure of sandstone. The more complex metal ion content the rock has, the larger voltage signal the sandstone shows with the same bias current applied. The metal ion can stimulate the formation of plasma excited by the laser. Meanwhile, the excited plasma moves faster in the sandstones with more pores and gives the rock a shorter rise time. The measured voltage effect in sandstone indicates that ultraviolet laser is an approach to identify lithology of stratum by the peak values and rising times.

Background: Xinmailong (XML), a bioactive composite extracted from Periplaneta americana, has been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure. However, it is unclear whether XML has antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects.Methods: The effects of XML on agonist-induced platelet aggregation, adhesion and spreading, granule secretion, integrin α II bβ3 activation, and thrombus formation were evaluated. Phosphorylation of Syk, PLCγ2, Akt, GSK3β, and MAPK signaling molecules was also studied on agonist-induced platelets. In addition, the antithrombotic effects of XML were observed in vivo using an acute pulmonary thrombosis mouse model.Results: XML dose-dependently inhibited in vitro platelet aggregation and granule secretion induced by thrombin, collagen, and arachidonic acid (AA). XML also greatly reduced platelet adhesion and spreading on both collagen- and fibrinogen-coated surfaces. Biochemical analysis revealed that XML inhibited thrombin-, collagen-, and AA-induced phosphorylation of Syk, PLCγ2, Akt, GSK3β, and MAPK. Additionally, XML significantly inhibited in vivo thrombus formation in a collagen–epinephrine-induced acute pulmonary thrombosis mouse model.Conclusions and General Significance: Here, we provide the first report showing that XML inhibits platelet function and that it possesses antithrombotic activity. This suggests that XML could be a potential therapeutic candidate to prevent or treat platelet-related cardiovascular diseases.

A new AuNPs-based thermosensitive nanoreactor (SiO2@PMBA@Au@PNIPAM) was designed and prepared by stabilizing AuNPs in the layer of poly(N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide) (PMBA) and subsequent wrapping with the temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) layer. The new nanoreactor exhibited high dispersibility and stability in aqueous solution and effectively prevented the aggregation of AuNPs caused by the phase transformation of PNIPAM. The XPS and ATR-FTIR results indicated that AuNPs could be well stabilized by PMBA due to the electron transfer between the N atoms of amide groups in the PMBA and Au atoms of AuNPs. The catalytic activity and thermoresponsive property of the new nanoreactor were invested by the reduction of the environmental pollutant, 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), with NaBH4 as a reductant. It exhibited a higher catalytic activity at 20 °C and 30 °C (below LCST of PNIPAM), but an inhibited catalytic activity at 40 °C (above LCST of PNIPAM). The PNIPAM layer played a switching role in controlling the catalytic rate by altering the reaction temperature. In addition, this nanoreactor showed an easily recyclable property due to the existence of a silica core and also preserved a rather high catalytic efficiency after 16 times of recycling.