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Background Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A (BMPR1A) is responsible for two individual Mendelian diseases: juvenile polyposis syndrome and hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome 2, which have overlapping phenotypes. This study aimed to elucidate whether these two syndromes are just two subtypes of a single syndrome rather than two isolated syndromes. Methods We sequenced the BMPR1A gene in 186 patients with polyposis and colorectal cancer, and evaluated the clinicopathological features and phenotypes of the probands and their available relatives with BMPR1A mutations. Results BMPR1A germline mutations were found in six probands and their three available relatives. The numbers of frameshift, nonsense, splice-site, and missense mutations were one, one, two, and two, respectively; two of the six mutations were novel. Typical juvenile polyps were found in only three patients. Two patients had colorectal cancer rather than any polyps. Conclusions Diseases in BMPR1A germline mutation carriers vary from mixed polyposis to sole colorectal cancer, and typical juvenile polyps do not always occur in these carriers. The variety of phenotypes reflected the features of BMPR1A-mutation carriers, which should be recognized as a spectrum of one syndrome. Genetic testing may be a good approach to identifying BMPR1A-related syndromes.

Background Large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) with interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) rearrangement (LBCL-IRF4) is a rare entity of LBCL with a specific clinical presentation. Notably, it is defined by the presence of an IRF4 rearrangement. Case presentationHere, we describe a case of a 2-years-old child presenting with a LBCL-IRF4 located in the left tonsil, with characteristic histologic appearance and the phenotype of neoplastic cells. The histologic analysis showed the monomorphic atypical lymphoid cells were medium size or large, positive for CD20, CD79a, MUM-1, GATA3, and Ki-67 was about 80%; Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis confirmed the presence of an IRF4 rearrangement. The patient was followed up for 18 months with no evidence of recurrence after being treated with 1 cycles of R-CHOP.ConclusionMorphologically, LBCL-IRF4 has predominantly diffuse or follicular pattern with a large number of necrosis, and a high proliferation rate, all of these suggest that the tumor is highly invasive. But actually LBCL-IRF4 usually performs a favorable outcome after therapy. Furthermore, LBCL-IRF4 with GATA3 positive have never been reported.

Understanding heat transfer between a quantum system and its environment is of undisputed importance if reliable quantum devices are to be constructed. Here, we investigate the heat transfer between system and bath in non-Markovian open systems in the process of adiabatic speedup. Using the quantum state diffusion equation method, the heat current, energy current, and power are calculated during free evolution and under external control of the system. While the heat current increases with increasing system-bath coupling strength and bath temperature, it can be restricted by the non-Markovian nature of the bath. Without pulse control, the heat current is nearly equal to the energy current. On the other hand, with pulse control, the energy current turns out to be nearly equal to the power. In this scenario, we show that non-Markovianity is a useful tool to drive the system through an approximate adiabatic dynamics, with pulse control acting in the conversion between heat current and power throughout the evolution., 6 pages, 4 figures

The adiabatic quantum information processing task requires that the evolution of a system must be kept in its instantaneous eigenstate. However, normally the adiabaticity will be ruined due to the interaction between the system and the noisy environment in its long evolution time. Here, in this paper, we show that zero-area pulse control can be used to realize the adiabatic process in a nonadiabatic regime. A concrete example is provided where one spin chain is cut into two chains. The pulse function is applied in the laboratory frame and suitable pulse conditions are obtained numerically. We find that compared with the pulse conditions obtained in the adiabatic frame, the results are similar for low-energy-level systems but tend to deviate when the system's energy level increases. We then obtain the pulse conditions theoretically by writing the control Hamiltonian in the adiabatic frame. It is found that a sequence of pulses with intensities tuned by a time-dependent energy difference is required to guarantee an effective adiabatic speedup.

Adiabatic evolution has important applications in quantum information processing. In that context, the system has to be maintained in one of its instantaneous eigenstates. Normally the adiabaticity of the system will be ruined by its surrounding environment. Quantum control has been used widely to speed up the adiabatic process and thus reduces the effect of the environment. In this letter, we investigate the adiabatic speedup and the associated quantum heat current with and without pulse control. The system is immersed in a non-Markovian and finite-temperature heat bath. Our calculation results show that the effective adiabatic speedup can be obtained in a weak system-bath coupling and low-temperature heat bath. Specifically, non-Markovianity from the environment can be beneficial to the enhancement of the adiabatic fidelity. Furthermore, we calculate the quantum heat current between the system and bath in the process of adiabatic speedup. We find that the adiabatic fidelity decreases with increasing heat current. Our investigation paves the way for the design of quantum heat engines and quantum devices.

The purpose of this work was to reveal the relationship between the microbial diversity and flavor profiles of traditional dry-cured duck from a metabolomic perspective. Enterococcus, Psychrobacter, Macrococcus, Salinivbrio, and Staphylococcus were the dominant bacterial genera, while Trichophyton, Kurtzmaniella, Blumeria, Cladosporium, Lysurus, Aspergillus, Starmerella and Debaryomyces were the dominant fungal genera of dry-cured duck. The results showed that aldehydes, alcohols, furan, and ketone compounds were the main volatile flavor compounds of dry-cured duck. Moreover, the identified metabolites of dry-cured duck were classified and included amino acids, amines, polypeptides, amino acid derivatives, polyols, fatty acids, organic acids, flavonoids and isoflavones. Heatmap analysis was used to illuminate the relationships between the microbial diversity and flavor profiles, as well as metabolites. These results will provide an effective theoretical reference for the standardization and modernization of dry-cured duck production.

We investigate the influence of environment noise on the control cost and the quantum speed limit time (QSLT) in the process of almost exact state transmission (AEST) through a spin chain under pulse control. The chain is immersed in its surrounding non-Markovian, finite temperature heat baths. We find that AEST can be realized in weak system-bath coupling, low temperature, and strong non-Markovian baths under effective external control. Correspondingly, the control cost and QSLT increases with increasing bath temperature and coupling strength. It is noticeable that non-Markovianity from the baths can be helpful to reduce the control cost and shorten the QSLT. Furthermore, we find that there exists a trade-off between the control cost and transmission fidelity and higher fidelity requires higher cost. In addition, the minimum control cost has been found to obtain certain transmission fidelity., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

Preparation of quantum state lies at the heart of quantum information processing. The greedy algorithm provides a potential method to effectively prepare quantum states. However, the standard greedy algorithm, in general, cannot take the global maxima and instead becomes stuck on a local maxima. Based on the standard greedy algorithm, in this paper we propose a revised version to design dynamic pulses to realize universal quantum state preparation, i.e., preparing any arbitrary state from another arbitrary one. As applications, we implement this scheme to the universal preparation of single- and two-qubit state in the context of semiconductor quantum dots and superconducting circuits. Evaluation results show that our scheme outperforms the alternative numerical optimizations with higher preparation quality while possesses the comparable high efficiency. Compared with the emerging machine learning, it shows a better accessibility and does not require any training. Moreover, the numerical results show that the pulse sequences generated by our scheme are robust against various errors and noises. Our scheme opens a new avenue of optimization in few-level system and limited action space quantum control problems.

Adiabatic quantum computation requires that the system remains in its ground state. However, an adiabatic process often loses partly or entirely its quantumness, such as entanglement in its long runtime, due to the system-environment interactions. Here we put forward an effective quantum control technique to realize the adiabatic quantum search algorithm in a nonadiabatic regime and in the presence of environment. Using the non-Markovian quantum state diffusion equation approach, we numerically study the system dynamics characterized by the success probability. The results show that the probability increases with decreasing coupling strength and temperature. In particular, non-Markovianity from the environment can help to enhance the success probability. By choosing a suitable pulse intensity and period, a high success probability can be obtained in a short runtime for weak system-bath coupling, low temperature, and strong non-Markovian heat baths.

Accurate and efficient preparation of quantum state is a core issue in building a quantum computer. In this paper, we investigate how to prepare a certain single- or two-qubit target state from arbitrary initial states in semiconductor double quantum dots with only a few discrete control pulses by leveraging the deep reinforcement learning. Our method is based on the training of the network over numerous preparing tasks. The results show that once the network is well trained, it works for any initial states in the continuous Hilbert space. Thus repeated training for new preparation tasks is avoided. Our scheme outperforms the traditional optimization approaches based on gradient with both the higher efficiency and the preparation quality in discrete control space. Moreover, we find that the control trajectories designed by our scheme are robust against stochastic fluctuations within certain thresholds, such as the charge and nuclear noises.

We investigate the feasibility of using an effective pulse control method to realize an almost exact state transmission through a uniform chain where the communication channel is immersed in a quantum environment. This pulse control is treated in a nonperturbative fashion, allowing for a more precise view. Using the non-Markovian quantum state diffusion equation, we calculate the dynamics of the transmission fidelity. The results show that the memory effects of the environment can support an effective transmission control that can be boosted under a non-Markovian environment. Our scheme provides another way to realize almost exact state transmission in a spin chain system.

We present a protocol for accelerating adiabatic quantum state transfer through a spin chain by adding an effective control pulse. Using Feshbach P-Q partitioning technique, we obtain the one-component dynamical equation which guides us to set the amplitude and period of the control field. This field can be a sequence of alternatively negative and positive (zero-energy change) pulses which can be realized easily in experiment. As an example, we discuss a three particles spin chain and the numerical calculation shows that the accelerated quantum state transfer can be obtained.

Transmission of a quantum state is essential for performing quantum information processing tasks. The communication channel will be inevitably immersed in its surrounding environment under realistic conditions. In this paper, we investigate the influence of environment noise on the transmission fidelity when transferring a quantum state through a spin chain. The non-Markovian open system dynamics is systematically analyzed by using the quantum state diffusion equation method. With each spin immersed in its own finite temperature and non-Markovian heat bath, we consider three types of system–bath interaction: dephasing, dissipation and spin-boson. The transmission fidelity is found to decrease with the increasing bath temperature and system–bath coupling strength. Interestingly, we find that the bath non-Markovianity can help enhancing the transmission fidelity.

“Shortcuts to adiabaticity” represents a strategy for accelerating a quantum adiabatic process, is useful for preparing or manipulating a quantum state. In this paper, we investigate the adiabaticity in the dynamics of an XY spin chain. During the process of cutting one long chain into two short chains, a “shortcut” can be obtained by applying a sequence of external pulses. The fidelity which measures the adiabaticity can be dramatically enhanced by increasing the pulse strength or pulse duration time. This reliability can be kept for different types of pulses, such as random pulse time interval or random strength. The free choice of the pulse can be explained by the adiabatic representation of the Hamiltonian, and it shows that the control effects are determined by the integral of the control function in the time domain.

Adiabatic quantum computation requires keeping a system in a particular eigenstate. However, unwanted transitions can occur due to the interaction of the system with a noisy environment. The adiabatic evolution of the system will then be ruined. To reduce the effect of the environment, quantum control methods can be used. This allows one to speed up the adiabatic process. Here we present an effective control scheme to allow for a speedup of the adiabatic process by using a sequence of pulses on the system. Using the hierarchical functional derivative (HFD) approach, we calculate the fidelity evolution, which is a measure of the adiabaticity in an open system. By carefully choosing the pulse intensity and duration, an accelerated adiabatic path can be obtained for both a weak-coupling and a strong non-Markovian environment.

We study the speed-up role of dynamical decoupling in an open system, which is modeled as two central spins coupled to their own XY spin-chain environment. We show that the fast bang–bang pulses can suppress the system evolution, which manifests the quantum Zeno effect. In contrast, with the increasing of the pulse interval time, the bang–bang pulses can enhance the decay of the quantum speed limit time and induce the speed-up process, which displays the quantum anti-Zeno effect. In addition, we show that the random pulses can also induce the speed-up of quantum evolution.

This paper is taking the Baise-Leye highway as the study area, using 3D technique to investigate the eco-environment. With the advancement of computer technology, especially the development of GIS technology, the paper is using the 3D GIS technique in the field of highway engineering will be more profound. The authors are taking the UAV image to extract 3D network and model, based on 3D model, the authors carry out highway environment simulation analysis. The authors also construct pollution assessment method to evaluate of road environment information.

With the development of economy, the road construction of our country gets a rapid progress. Especially in mountain roads, the influence of road construction on environment has increasingly been focused. The environmental problems of road construction on project are mostly embodied in those problems of water, air, and ecology. landscape, this paper is taking the Baise-Leye highway as the study area, using the remote sensing and uc-winroad to assess the view of highway. The landscape consideration of public roads mainly focuses on the internal coordination and the protection and use of topography. The purpose is to form highways with smooth and changeable visual landscape corridors.

With the development of economy, the road construction of our country gets a rapid progress. Especially in mountain roads, the influence of road construction on environment has increasingly been focused. The environmental problems of road construction on project are mostly embodied in those problems of water, air, and ecology. landscape, this paper is taking the Baise-Leye highway as the study area, using the remote sensing and GIS technique to investigate the eco-environment. With RS, GIS, from Remote sensing analysis and ecological degradation degree evaluation, comprehensive consideration of the ecological characteristics, economic and cultural development level, environmental pollution prevention, etc. Investigate and study the ecological status of roads before and after highway construction. Provide a basis for the rational presentation of ecological restoration measures, system of highway ecological landscape by using 3S technology and analytic hierarchy process.

In this study, a total of 84 sites in the Luan River Basin of China and its tributaries were monitored in 2012 for seven heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg) in the surface sediments. Cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, and pollution indices were applied to the interpretation of the monitoring results. The results show that: (1) sampling sites in the mainstream are classified into two groups, upstream and downstream, with downstream representing higher levels of heavy metals and degrees of pollution; (2) three clusters were identified for the 10 tributaries, the downstream having the highest levels of heavy metals’ pollution; (3) the PCA suggests there are significant correlations among Zn, Cu, and Pb between Cr in the basin. Sediment pollution assessment was carried out using Pollution Index (PI) and Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo). Mercury was the metal with the highest contamination level, followed by Cd and Cr. The results provide an overview of ...

A riparian ecosystem is an ecological transition zone between a river channel and terrestrial ecosystems. Riparian ecosystems play a vital role in maintaining stream health and bank stabilization. The types of riparian vegetation have changed greatly because of human activities along the Wenyu River. This study examines the impact of riparian vegetation patterns on water pollution due to soil nutrient loss. Four riparian vegetation patterns from the river channel to the upland were chosen as the focus of this study: grassland, cropland, grassland-cropland, and grassland-manmade lawn. The different distributions of soil nutrients along vegetation patterns and the potential risk of nutrient loss were observed and compared. The results showed that riparian cropland has the lowest value of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and organic matter (OM), but it has the highest soil bulk density (BD). The distributions of soil TN, TP, AN, AP, and OM exhibited a declining trend from the upland toward the river channel for riparian cropland, whereas a different trend was observed for the riparian grassland. The vegetation patterns of grassland-cropland and grassland-manmade lawn show that the grassland in the lower slope has more nutrients and OM but lower soil BD than the cropland or manmade lawn in the upper slope. So, the lower-slope grassland may intercept and infiltrate surface runoff from the upland. The lower-slope grassland has higher levels of soil TN, TP, AN, and AP, and thus it may become a new source of nutrient loss. Our results suggest that the management of the riparian vegetation should be improved, particularly in densely populated areas, to control soil erosion and river pollution.

We investigate the effect of phase shift on the perfect state transfer through two parallel one-dimensional ring-shaped spin chains. We find that the total success probability can be significantly enhanced by phase shift control when the communication channel consists of two odd chains. The average time to gain unit success probability is discussed, showing that a proper phase shift can be used to enhance the efficiency of state transmission.

Concentrations of the heavy metals Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cr were examined in surface water and sediment from the Luan River inChina,. With a decline in Cu and Ni concentration found in surface water at downstream stations. This finding suggests that water currents are a major explanatory factor in heavy metal contamination. The abundance of Cr, Pb, and Cd observed in the middle reaches of the river indicates heavy metal contamination in local areas, although there was an obvious decrease in concentrations in the water downstream of the Daheiting Reservoir. The significant rising trend in Cu, Pb, and Ni seen the sediment farther away from the river also suggests that anthropogenic activities contribute to heavy metal pollution Sediments were therefore used as environmental indicators, with sediment assessment was conducted using the geo-accumulation index (I geo) and the potential ecological risk index (RI). The I geo values revealed that Cd (3.13) and Cr (2.39) had accumulated significantly in the Luan River. The RI values for most (89%) of the sampling stations were higher than 300, suggesting that sediment from the Luan River poses a severe ecological risk, with the potential ecological risks downstream higher than that in the upper and middle streams. Good correlations among Pb/Ni, Pb/Cd, Cu/Pb, and Cu/Cd in the water and Cr/Ni in the sediment were observed. Cluster analysis suggested that Cd may have various origins, being derived from anthropogenic sources.

Based on new petrographic observations and zircon U–Pb geochronological data of the Precambrian basement from deep drilling cores in the Tarim basin and comparison with the Precambrian basements surrounding orogenic belts of the Tarim basin, we reconstruct a possible unified Tarim block. Data presented in this contribution lead to a three-fold subdivision of the pre-900 Ma basement of the Tarim block into the North Tarim terrane, the South Tarim terrane and the Central Tarim terrane. The North Tarim terrane containing Precambrian basements of the northern part of the Tarim basin, the Korla-Kuluketage and the Dunhuang area possesses a ca. 2.7–2.5 Ga or an even older continental nucleus and underwent multiple phases of magmatic and metamorphic events at ca. 2.0–1.8 Ga, 1.0–0.8 Ga and 760–687 Ma. The South Tarim terrane including Precambrian basements of the southern part of the Tarim basin, eastern Kunlun and western Kunlun orogenic belts, possesses a 2.4–2.3 Ga continental nucleus and underwent 2.0–1.75 Ga and 1.0–0.8 Ga metamorphic and magmatic events. The Central Tarim terrane encompassing Precambrian basement of the central part of the Tarim basin and the Altun orogenic belt, is characterized by magmatic arc system during 940–890 Ma. The unified Tarim Block was assembled as part of Rodinia supercontinent after series of geological processes, e.g. (1) breakup between the North and South Tarim terranes, (2) formation of the Central Tarim ocean, (3) subduction-related magmatic arc accretion, and (4) finally amalgamation of the North and South Tarim terranes during 1.0–0.8 Ga. There are two phases of the middle Neoproterozoic magmatic activities at 820–760 Ma and 760–687 Ma, respectively. They were most possibly related to the two phases of the Rodinia plume activities. The late Mesoproterozoic to Sinian assembly and breakup of the Rodinia led to the typical double-layered structure of the Tarim Block, i.e. the Pre-Nanhuaian basement and the Nanhuaian to Sinian cover sequence. Based on this study, we suggest that the unified Tarim Block, composed of Precambrian basement of Tarim basin and its surrounding orogenic belts, should be more large than the present Tarim basin.

The DNA repair pathways help to maintain genomic integrity and therefore genetic variation in the pathways could affect the propensity to develop cancer. Selected germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the pathways have been associated with esophageal cancer and gastric cancer (GC) but few studies have comprehensively examined the pathway genes. We aimed to investigate associations between DNA repair pathway genes and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and GC, using data from a genome-wide association study in a Han Chinese population where ESCC and GC are the predominant cancers. In sum, 1942 ESCC cases, 1758 GC cases and 2111 controls from the Shanxi Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetics Project (discovery set) and the Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials (replication set) were genotyped for 1675 SNPs in 170 DNA repair-related genes. Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate SNP-level associations. Gene- and pathway-level associations were determined using the resampling-based adaptive rank-truncated product approach. The DNA repair pathways overall were significantly associated with risk of ESCC (P = 6.37 × 10(-4)), but not with GC (P = 0.20). The most significant gene in ESCC was CHEK2 (P = 2.00 × 10(-6)) and in GC was CLK2 (P = 3.02 × 10(-4)). We observed several other genes significantly associated with either ESCC (SMUG1, TDG, TP53, GTF2H3, FEN1, POLQ, HEL308, RAD54B, MPG, FANCE and BRCA1) or GC risk (MRE11A, RAD54L and POLE) (P < 0.05). We provide evidence for an association between specific genes in the DNA repair pathways and the risk of ESCC and GC. Further studies are warranted to validate these associations and to investigate underlying mechanisms.

We investigate the state or entanglement transfer through a two-dimensional spin network. We show that for state transfer, better fidelity can be gained along the diagonal direction but for entanglement transfer, when the initial entanglement is created along the boundary, the concurrence is more inclined to propagate along the boundary. This behavior is produced by quantum mechanical interference and the communication quality depends on the precise size of the network. For some number of sites, the fidelity in a two-dimensional channel is higher than one-dimensional case. This is an important result for realizing quantum communication through high dimension spin chain networks.

In order to achieve high-accuracy, high speed and low cost A/D conversion, a new design based on STC12C5A32S2 single-chip microcomputer (SCM) is given. Compared with the previous A/D conversion, the biggest advantage is that the paper combine software with hardware and it can adjust the speed of transformation through procedure.We don't need to modify circuit, just need to modify signals of input and procedures. So the flexibility of A/D conversion can be enhanced, also saved costs. The design mainly makes use of new function of STC12C5A32S2 SCM to realize conversion between analog signals and digital signals. In order that researchers can analyze and use the convention results, the design add a LCD display module. The paper primarily analyses the design of circuit and interface technology between the SCM and other chips. Also, the peculiar function of STC, the LCD display method of LMB202DDC and the flow of software are expounded in detail. The simulation result based on Proteus is given by the end of paper.

Diffuse liver infiltration by melanoma of unknown primary origin is rare. We encountered a unique case of diffuse liver infiltration by melanoma of unknown primary origin in our hospital. A 62-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for anorexia of 6 months duration and abdominal distension for 1 month. Ultrasonography (US), computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an obvious enlarged liver without detectable nodules. She was diagnosed as liver metastasis by melanoma of unknown primary origin via percutaneous liver biopsy. The report demonstrates the difficulty of making a noninvasive diagnosis of diffuse hepatic infiltration on metastatic melanoma.

We investigate the entanglement transfer in two parallel spin chains by anisotropic Heisenberg XY interaction in an external magnetic field. The perfect entanglement transfer condition is obtained. We find that perfect entanglement transfer can be realized from one spin pair to another spin pair at certain times by adjusting the magnetic field strength and the anisotropy parameter, which suggests its potential usefulness in quantum information process.

We investigate the quantum state transfer in a Heisenberg X Y chain using a one-spin or a two-spin encoding schemes. By means of the combined influences of energy current and magnetic field, one is able to significantly enhance the transmission fidelity, suggesting its potential usefulness in quantum information processing.

We study the quantum speed limit time (QSLT) of a coupled system consisting of a central spin and its surrounding environment and the environment is described by a general XY spin-chain model. For initial pure state, we find that the local anomalous enhancement of the QSLT occurs near the critical point. In addition, we investigate the QSLT for arbitrary time-evolution state in the whole dynamics process and find that the QSLT will decay monotonously and rapidly at a large size of environment near the quantum critical point. These anomalous behaviors in the critical vicinity of XY spin-chain environment can be used to indicate the quantum phase transition point. Especially for the XX spin-chain environment, we find that the QSLT displays a sudden transition from discontinuous segmented values to a steady value at the critical point. In this case, the non-Makovianity and the Loschmidt echo are incapable of signaling the critical value of the transverse field, while the QSLT can still witness the quantum phase transition. So, the QSLT provides a further insight and sharper identification of quantum criticality.

By use of the double-time Green's function method in the cubic-lattice S=1/2 anisotropic antiferromagnetic two-sublattice Heisenberg model, in the Tyablikov approximation, the staggered magnetization m, the correlation function and the static susceptibility are investigated. And the effects of spatial anisotropy are explored. The magnetic properties of this model are found to be dependent of anisotropy.