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Scanning near-field optical microscopy is one of the most effective techniques for spectroscopy of nanoscale systems. However, inferring optical constants from the measured near-field signal can be challenging because of a complicated and highly nonlinear interaction between the scanned probe and the sample. Conventional fitting methods applied to this problem often suffer from the lack of convergence or require human intervention. Here, we develop an alternative approach where the optical parameter extraction is automated by a deep learning network. The network provides an initial estimate that is subsequently refined by a traditional fitting algorithm. We show that this method demonstrates superior accuracy, stability against noise, and computational speed when applied to simulated near-field spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LiDAR odometry enables localising vehicles and robots in the environments where global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are not available. An inherent limitation of LiDAR odometry is the accumulation of local motion estimation errors. Current approaches heavily rely on loop closure to optimise the estimated sensor poses and to eliminate the drift of the estimated trajectory. Consequently, these systems cannot perform real‐time localization and are therefore not practical for a navigation task. This paper presents MoLO, a novel model‐based LiDAR odometry approach to achieve real‐time and drift‐free localization using a 3D model of the environment containing planar surfaces, namely the structural elements of buildings. The proposed approach uses a 3D model of the environment to initialise the LiDAR pose and includes a scan‐to‐scan registration to estimate the pose for consecutive LiDAR scans. Re‐registering LiDAR scans to the 3D model at a certain frequency provides the global sensor pose and eliminates the drift of the trajectory. Pose graphs are built frequently to acquire a smooth and accurate trajectory. A geometry‐based method and a learning‐based method to register LiDAR scans with the 3D model are tested and compared. Experimental results show that MoLO can eliminate drift and achieve real‐time localization while providing an accuracy equivalent to loop closure optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NAC transcription factor family is one of the largest families of TFs in plants, and members of NAC gene family play important roles in plant growth and stress response. Recent release of the haplotype‐resolved genome assembly of P. tomentosa provide a platform for NAC protein genome‐wide analysis. A total of 270 NAC genes were identified and a comprehensive overview of the PtoNAC gene family is presented, including gene promoter, structure and conserved motif analyses, chromosome localization and collinearity analysis, protein phylogeny, expression pattern, and interaction analysis. The results indicate that protein length, molecular weight, and theoretical isoelectric points of the NAC TF family vary, while gene structure and motif are relatively conserved. Chromosome mapping analysis showed that the P. tomentosa NAC genes are unevenly distributed on 19 chromosomes. The interchromosomal evolutionary results indicate 12 pairs of tandem and 280 segmental duplications. Segmental duplication is possibly related to amplification of P. tomentosa NAC gene family. Expression patterns of 35 PtoNAC genes from P. tomentosa subgroup were analysed under high salinity, and seven NAC genes were induced by this treatment. Promoter and protein interaction network analyses showed that PtoNAC genes are closely associated with growth, development, and abiotic and biotic stress, especially salt stress. These results provide a meaningful reference for follow‐up studies of the functional characteristics of NAC genes in the mechanism of stress response and their potential roles in development of P. tomentosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present CUPID: a visualization method for the contextual understanding of prompt‐conditioned image distributions. CUPID targets the visual analysis of distributions produced by modern text‐to‐image generative models, wherein a user can specify a scene via natural language, and the model generates a set of images, each intended to satisfy the user's description. CUPID is designed to help understand the resulting distribution, using contextual cues to facilitate analysis: objects mentioned in the prompt, novel, synthesized objects not explicitly mentioned, and their potential relationships. Central to CUPID is a novel method for visualizing high‐dimensional distributions, wherein contextualized embeddings of objects, those found within images, are mapped to a low‐dimensional space via density‐based embeddings. We show how such embeddings allows one to discover salient styles of objects within a distribution, as well as identify anomalous, or rare, object styles. Moreover, we introduce conditional density embeddings, whereby conditioning on a given object allows one to compare object dependencies within the distribution. We employ CUPID for analyzing image distributions produced by large‐scale diffusion models, where our experimental results offer insights on language misunderstanding from such models and biases in object composition, while also providing an interface for discovery of typical, or rare, synthesized scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous annealing treatment of 5052 aluminum alloy pipe fittings for alpine skiing sticks was carried out in the temperature range of 300-500 °C by means of metallographic observation and mechanical property test. The results show that with the increase of annealing temperature, the strength and hardness of the samples decrease continuously, and the impact value, section shrinkage and elongation change significantly. The experimental results provide a technical reference for preventing the fracture of alpine skiing sticks during use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In steel plants with harsh conditions, numerous devices equipped with wireless sensors generate vast data and high energy consumption. Our study introduces the optimized PK-SEP algorithm, enhancing the Stable Election Protocol (SEP) and traditional K-means clustering with the elbow method and particle swarm optimization. This approach, tailored for large-scale WSNs in steel plants, effectively extends network lifespan, conserves energy, and improves data throughput, offering a viable solution for energy issues in WSNs and potentially boosting steel production efficiency and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements were conducted on ZnO single crystals using two-photon (2P) excitation at low temperatures ranging from 25 to 260 K. The decay constants of various emission peaks are determined and compared between one-photon and two-photon excitations using a recently modified localized-state ensemble model. The analysis is focused on the redshift of the phonon-assisted free exciton transition energy with increasing temperature. A significantly longer radiative recombination lifetime of approximately 840 ps is observed under 2P excitation. The extended lifetime of excitons during 2P excitation is achieved through the interplay of multiple mechanisms. Photon-recycling, enabled by high absorption coefficients and total internal reflection, facilitates re-absorption and new carrier generation. Phonon scattering lowers photon energy, allowing their escape from the crystal, while exciton–polariton interactions delay photon travel, collectively contributing to the extension of exciton lifetimes. The re-absorption effect and elongated carrier lifetime observed from our work could be beneficial for applications of ZnO materials in 2P imaging, particularly of biological samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the quantitative parameters derived from synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) for predicting triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This prospective study enrolled participants with invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDBC) and separated them into a TNBC group and a Non-TNBC group. Preoperative breast MRI included both the SyMRI and conventional MRI sequences. The quantitative parameters derived from the SyMRI included T1 and T2 relaxation times, proton density (PD), and their standard deviations (SD). Clinicopathological characteristics, conventional MRI findings, and quantitative synthetic parameters were assessed for all participants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the potential independent imaging predictors for TNBC preoperatively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the performance of these parameters. A total of 231 participants with histopathological proven IDBC were included in this study (n= 46 in the TNBC group and n= 185 in the Non-TNBC group). The TNBC group had significantly larger tumour size (p =0.011) and more frequent intratumoural cystic or necrotic lesions (p <0.001) as compared to the Non-TNBC group. The univariate analysis showed that the TNBC tumours had significantly higher T1 (p= 0.006) and T2 (p <0.001) values than Non-TNBC tumours. Subsequent multivariable analysis indicated that T2 values and the presence of cystic or necrotic lesions were the independent predictors for TNBC. The T2 from synthetic imaging and the presence of cystic degeneration or necrosis within the breast cancer may serve as potential imaging biomarkers for preoperative differentiation of TNBC from Non-TNBC. • Quantitative parameters derived from synthetic MRI is associated with TNBC. • T2 obtained from synthetic imaging was independent predictor for identifying TNBC. • Imaging biomarkers provide great help in diagnosis of TNBC prior to surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In different species, embryonic aneuploidies and genome-wide errors are a major cause of developmental failure. The increasing number of equine embryos being produced worldwide provides the opportunity to characterize and rank or select embryos based on their genetic profile prior to transfer. Here, we explored the possibility of generic, genome-wide preimplantation genetic testing concurrently for aneuploidies (PGT-A) and monogenic (PGT-M) traits and diseases in the horse, meanwhile assessing the incidence and spectrum of chromosomal and genome-wide errors in in vitro-produced equine embryos. To this end, over 70,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) positions were genotyped in 14 trophectoderm biopsies and corresponding biopsied blastocysts, and in 26 individual blastomeres from six arrested cleavage-stage embryos. Subsequently, concurrent genome-wide copy number detection and haplotyping by haplarithmisis was performed and the presence of aneuploidies and genome-wide errors and the inherited parental haplotypes for four common disease-associated genes with high carrier frequency in different horse breeds (GBE1, PLOD1, B3GALNT2, MUTYH), and for one color coat-associated gene (STX17) were compared in biopsy-blastocyst combinations. The euploid (n = 12) or fully aneuploid (n = 2) state and the inherited parental haplotypes for 42/45 loci of interest of the biopsied blastocysts were predicted by the biopsy samples in all successfully analyzed biopsy-blastocyst combinations (n = 9). Two biopsies showed a loss of maternal chromosome 28 and 31, respectively, which were confirmed in the corresponding blastocysts. In one of those biopsies, additional complex aneuploidies not present in the blastocyst were found. Five out of six arrested embryos contained chromosomal and/or genome-wide errors in most of their blastomeres, demonstrating their contribution to equine embryonic arrest in vitro. The application of the described PGT strategy would allow to select equine embryos devoid of genetic errors and pathogenetic variants, and with the variants of interest, which will improve foaling rate and horse quality. We believe this approach will be a gamechanger in horse breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recovery of iron phosphate from the leaching slag of used lithium iron phosphate cathode materials is a crucial step to achieve closed-loop recovery of lithium iron phosphate, which has not yet been effectively accomplished. In the study, ultrasonic-assisted sulfuric acid leaching was used to remove impurities in the iron phosphate, to meet the stringent impurity content requirements for battery-grade iron phosphate regarding impurity content. Optimization of leaching conditions involved a sulfuric acid concentration of 0.2 mol·L-1, acid-leaching time of 30 min, power of 50 W, and reaction temperature of 80°C. Under these conditions, the removal efficiencies of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn in iron phosphate were 26.09%, 83.0%, 75.9%, and 96.3%, respectively. Simultaneously, the content of impurity elements Cr and Zn concurred with the standard for battery-grade iron phosphate (HG/T 4701-2021), with both 50 ppm and 10 ppm contents. The leaching results indicated the effectiveness of ultrasound in enhancing the removal of impurity elements in iron phosphate within a sulfuric acid solution. Further analyses, including XRD, particle size, TEM, and XPS indicated that the surface of the iron phosphate particles cavitated after ultrasonic acid leaching, resulting in the formation of numerous pores. Additionally, particle collisions led to a reduction in particle size, with no generation of by-products during the process. This innovative approach not only contributed to the removal of impurity elements but also provided insights into the reuse of leaching slag (iron phosphate) and offered guidance for the recovery of metals from waste lithium iron phosphate cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current-induced magnetization switching (CIMS) was successfully observed in epitaxial L10-FePt/CrxPt1−x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. With increasing Cr content, the critical switching current density (Jc) in FePt/CrxPt1−x heterostructures exhibited a decreasing trend, where it was greatly reduced by 69% in FePt/Cr (3d) films compared to FePt/Pt (5d) films with strong spin–orbit coupling. Furthermore, the same switching polarities were observed for all FePt/CrxPt1−x samples, indicating that the orbital Hall effect played a dominant role in CIMS for FePt/Cr films because of opposite spin Hall angles for Cr and Pt. Our results will put forward the applications of L10-FePt in collaboration with the orbital Hall effect from 3d metals in current-controlled magnetic random access memory and neuromorphic computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein-energy malnutrition poses a serious medical problem worldwide. This study aims to describe the global burden, trends, and health inequalities of protein-energy malnutrition and forecasts for future prevalence. This was a comprehensive analysis based on data provided by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Data were obtained from the Global Health Data Exchange query tool, including prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and sociodemographic index (SDI). The estimated annual percentage changes were calculated to evaluate temporal trends. We quantified cross-country inequalities in protein-energy malnutrition burden and predicted the prevalence number and rate to 2044. Globally, there were 147,672,757 (130,405,923 to 167,471,359) cases of protein-energy malnutrition in 2019, with 212,242 (185,403 to 246,217) deaths. Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest age-standardised death and DALY rates in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the global age-standardised prevalence rate of protein-energy malnutrition showed an upward trend, while the age-standardised death rate showed a downward trend. A significant decline occurred in SDI-related health inequality, from 2126.1 DALYs per 100,000 persons between the poorest and richest countries in 1990 to 357.9 DALYs per 100,000 persons in 2019. There was a trend of decreasing age-standardised death and DALY rates along with increases in the SDI. Frontier analyses showed that there is much room for improving the current situation of protein-energy malnutrition in some countries. In the next 35 years, the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition will continue to increase. Although the disease burden of protein-energy malnutrition has greatly decreased since 1990 and health inequalities between countries are shrinking, the prevalence in Asian and African countries may continue to increase. Focussing on regional differences and strengthening the nutritional intake of people in underdeveloped areas are necessary to reduce future burdens. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Terminal Tracking Camera system (TTCam) on the NASA Lucy Trojan asteroid Discovery mission consists of a pair of block redundant cameras and their associated electronics that are mounted on the spacecraft’s Instrument Pointing Platform and co-boresighted with the rest of the mission’s science payload instruments. The primary function of the TTCams is as a navigation system designed to provide an autonomous onboard late pre-encounter update of the location of each asteroid flyby target relative to the spacecraft. However, once the terminal tracking function is complete, the TTCam system will also provide 11.0°×8.2° field of view broadband (425-675 nm) images during the close approach phase of each asteroid flyby that will be used for scientific analyses like shape modeling and assessment of each target’s geology and topography. This paper provides an overview of the TTCam cameras and electronics, the science-focused requirements that the system is designed to meet, pointers to pre-flight calibration and in-flight calibration details for the cameras, as well as a high-level summary of the kinds of science that these images will enable for the mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, two field-grown grape species including Vitis amurensis Rupr. ‘Shuangfeng’ and V. riparia × V. labrusca ‘Beta’ showed different survival capabilities after overwintering. Their shoots’ cold hardiness and associated physiological changes were analyzed during seasonal cold acclimation and deaaclimation to illuminate response mechanisms on low temperature. The fluctuations of cold hardiness were synchronized in the two species, but ‘Shuangfeng’ had a higher tolerance than ‘Beta’ to cold stress, which was consistent with the field performance. Leaves and shoots of ‘Shuangfeng’ reddened, responds quickly to the natural low temperature, while those of ‘Beta’ remained green during the same period. Perhaps owing to variations in the carbohydrate accumulations in different colored leaves, so the freezing tolerance of ‘Shuangfeng’ correlated with total soluble sugars in the phloem, while the starch in the xylem and phloem determined the ‘Beta’s tolerance. The timing and types of the accumulated carbohydrates may be responsible for the difference in the water status, energy accumulation and cold hardiness between the two grape species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is continuously causing significant economic losses with massive poultry depopulations. Airborne transmission of HPAI was suspected, as initial bird mortalities were reported near air inlets of poultry houses. In addition, infected farms were distant, indicating that the viruses carried by dust particles might help the viruses travel for long distances in the environment. The objective of this study focused on simulating the airborne transmission of HPAI by using computational modeling to assess the risk of airborne and deposited avian influenza (AI) carried by poultry-litter dust particles. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) modeling was used in this study. Data from 168 infected cases in the Mid-Western area of U.S. were obtained from the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and Watt Poultry. The concentration simulation modeling was performed to estimate the airborne and deposited AI concentration carried by PM2.5 dust particles. Results showed that concentrations of airborne AI, deposited AI, and combined AI transmitted to other farms in a day were lower than the minimal infective dose for poultry. In most of the scenarios, the predicted probability of infection showed that Iowa-infected farms and turkey poultry houses had the highest infection probability. The findings may provide an understanding of the risk of airborne HPAI virus carried by dust particles and suggest the factors that influence long-distance airborne transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the transformation process of 1Cr13 steel under quenching condition. The DSC curves were measured from 1 050 °C to room temperature at the cooling rate of 10, 20, 30, 50 °C/min, respectively. The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method was used to obtain the activation energy of the transformation process of 1Cr13 steel under quenching condition. The kinetic mechanism functions of the transformation process of 1Cr13 steel under quenching condition were also investigated by Criado-Ortega methods. The results show that the activation energy is related to the phase transition fraction. It means the transformation process of 1Cr13 steel under quenching condition is not a simple one-step reaction but a complex multi-step reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is continuously causing significant economic losses with massive poultry depopulations. Airborne transmission of HPAI was suspected, as initial bird mortalities were reported near air inlets of poultry houses. In addition, infected farms were distant, indicating that the viruses carried by dust particles might help the viruses travel for long distances in the environment. The objective of this study focused on simulating the airborne transmission of HPAI by using computational modeling to assess the risk of airborne and deposited avian influenza (AI) carried by poultry-litter dust particles. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) modeling was used in this study. Data from 168 infected cases in the Mid-Western area of U.S. were obtained from the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and Watt Poultry. The concentration simulation modeling was performed to estimate the airborne and deposited AI concentration carried by PM2.5 dust particles. Results showed that concentrations of airborne AI, deposited AI, and combined AI transmitted to other farms in a day were lower than the minimal infective dose for poultry. In most of the scenarios, the predicted probability of infection showed that Iowa-infected farms and turkey poultry houses had the highest infection probability. The findings may provide an understanding of the risk of airborne HPAI virus carried by dust particles and suggest the factors that influence long-distance airborne transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the protective function and molecular mechanism of tribuloside in hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and oxidative damage of human lens epithelial cells. Cells were divided into control group, hydrogen peroxide group, hydrogen peroxide+tribuloside 1 µg/ml group, hydrogen peroxide+tribuloside 3 µg/ml group, hydrogen peroxide+tribuloside 10 µg/ml group, hydrogen peroxide+microRNA-NC group, hydrogen peroxide+microRNA-335-3p group, hydrogen peroxide+tribuloside+anti-microRNA-335-3p group. Cell counting kit-8 method and flow cytometry were applied for determining cell viability and apoptosis. Malondialdehyde level, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were determined using kits. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for microRNA-335-3p quantification. Kriippellike factor 6 expression was examined via Western blot. Target regulation relationship of miR-335-3p and Kriippel-like factor 6 was analyzed via dual-luciferase report assay. Contrasted with the control group, cell viability, catalase and superoxide dismutase viabilities, and microRNA-335-3p expression were significantly reduced in hydrogen peroxide group (p<0.05), while apoptosis, malondialdehyde and Kriippel-like factor 6 levels were overtly promoted (p<0.05). Contrasted to hydrogen peroxide group, cell viability, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, and microRNA-335-3p expression in hydrogen peroxide+tribuloside 1 µg/ml group, hydrogen peroxide+tribuloside 3 µg/ml group, hydrogen peroxide+tribuloside 10 µg/ml group were obviously enhanced (p<0.05), but cell apoptosis, malondialdehyde level and Kriippel-like factor 6 protein level were suppressed (p<0.05). Relative to hydrogen peroxide+microRNA-NC group, cell viability, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in hydrogen peroxide+microRNA-335-3p group were markedly elevated (p<0.05), whereas apoptosis inhibition, malondialdehyde level reduction and Kriippel-like factor 6 protein down-regulation were induced (p<0.05). Compared with hydrogen peroxide+tribuloside group, cell viability, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in hydrogen peroxide+tribuloside+anti-microRNA-335-3p group were signally inhibited (p<0.05), but apoptosis, malondialdehyde and Kriippel-like factor 6 levels were accelerated (p<0.05). MicroRNA-335-3p directly interacted with Kriippel-like factor 6. Tribuloside could attenuate apoptosis and oxidative damage in hydrogen peroxide-induced cataract model, which was related to microRNA-335-3p/Kriippel-like factor 6 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let N be a sufficiently large number, A and B be subsets of { N + 1 , ... , 2 N } . We prove that if 1 < c < 6 5 , | A | | B | ≫ N 2 - 2 δ and δ > 0 is sufficiently small, then the equation a b = ⌊ n c ⌋ , a ∈ A , b ∈ B is solvable, which improves the result of Rivat and Sárközy [14]. We also investigate the solvability of the equation a b = ⌊ P k c ⌋ , a ∈ A , b ∈ B , 1 < c < c 0 , where Pk denotes an almost-prime with at most k prime factors and c0 is a fixed real number depends on k. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Streptomyces species are the major producers of antibiotics, and not many bioactive substances and antibiotics have been found in Streptomyces cellulosae. Two angucycline antibiotics were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of the strain S. cellulosae YIM PH20352, they were identified as urdamycinone B (1) and dehydroxyaquayamycin (2) based on extensive spectroscopic analyses. Four root-rot pathogens of the Panax notoginseng including Alternaria panax, Plectosphaerella cucumerina, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium solani were used for their antagonistic activity test. Compound 1 exhibited the most potent antifungal activity against A. panax and P. cucumerina with the MIC values at 16 and 64 μg/mL, respectively; compound 2 exhibited antifungal activity against A. panax with the MIC value at 64 μg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gravitational‐wave high‐energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All‐sky Monitor (GECAM) is a space‐borne instrument dedicated to monitoring high‐energy transients, including Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) and Terrestrial Electron Beams (TEBs). We implemented a TGF/TEB search algorithm for GECAM, with which 147 bright TGFs, 2 typical TEBs and 2 special TEB‐like events are identified during an effective observation time of ∼9 months. We show that, with gamma‐ray and charged particle detectors, GECAM can effectively identify and distinguish TGFs and TEBs, and measure their temporal and spectral properties in detail. A very high TGF‐lightning association rate of ∼80% is obtained between GECAM and GLD360 in east Asia region. Plain Language Summary: Terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs) and Terrestrial Electron Beams (TEBs) represent the most energetic radioactive phenomena in the atmosphere of the Earth. They reflect a natural particle accelerator that can boost electrons up to at least several tens of mega electron volts and produce gamma‐ray radiation. With novel detection technologies, Gravitational‐wave high‐energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All‐sky Monitor (GECAM) is a new powerful instrument to observe TGFs and TEBs, as well as study their properties. For example, it is difficult for most space‐borne high‐energy instruments to distinguish between TGFs and TEBs. However, we show here that, with the joint observation of gamma‐ray and charged particle detectors, GECAM can effectively identify TGFs and TEBs. GECAM can also reveal their fine features in the light curves and spectra. Key Points: During 9‐month observation, Gravitational‐wave high‐energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All‐sky Monitor (GECAM) has detected 147 bright Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs), 2 typical Terrestrial Electron Beams (TEBs), and 2 special TEB‐like eventsWith novel detector design, GECAM can effectively classify TGFs and TEBs, and reveal their fine temporal featuresWe obtained a very high TGF‐lightning association rate (∼80%) between GECAM and GLD360 in east Asia region [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lighting time plays an important role in the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). This study aimed to explore the effects of different lighting time on flue-cured tobacco quality at a metabolomics level. Pot experiments were used to breed long-day and short-day flue-cured tobacco. The long-day and short-day tobacco plants were treated with 16 h sunlight/8 h dark and 8 h sunlight/16 h dark, respectively. Thereafter, the leaves of the long-day and short-day tobacco were collected for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and metabolomics analysis. At phenotype level, the growth process of the long-day tobacco plant was faster (more yellow leaves); whereas the short-day tobacco plant manifested delayed nitrogen metabolism and slow maturation. After metabolomics analysis, a total of 92 differential metabolites (4 up-regulated and 88 down-regulated) were identified between the long-day and short-day tobacco, including amino acids, organic acids, saccharides, and pyrimidines. Functional analyses showed that these differential metabolites were significantly enriched in 14 KEGG pathways, including "metabolic pathways", "pyrimidine metabolism", "phenylalanine metabolism", and "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis". Our work reveals the key metabolites in tobacco plants with different lighting time, and lighting time can regulate metabolic pathways, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, amino acid-related pathways and nicotinic acid-derived alkaloids biosynthesis, thereby affecting tobacco plant growth and development, and the quality of flue-cured tobacco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant form of breast cancer with increasing incidence and mortality worldwide. The progesterone receptor membrane component-1 (PGRMC1) is a well-identified hormone receptor with unknown functions in TNBC. The current study aims to explore the involvement of PGRMC1 in regulation of glutathione metabolism and ferroptosis during development of TNBC, providing new therapy options for TNBC patients. Bioinformatic analysis, cell proliferation assay, western blot assay and other biochemistry methods were performed in TNBC cells. Our results revealed that the expression of PGRMC1 is higher in TNBC than the other subtypes of breast cancer. Interestingly, as an iron binding protein, increased PGRMC1 expression in TNBC cells leads to resistance to ferroptosis inducer. On the contrary, silenced PGRMC1 expression enhanced sensitivity of MDA-MB231 cells to Erastin. Mechanistically, overexpression of PGRMC1 decreased the intracellular free iron concentration, which was reduced by AG205 treatment. PGRMC1 increases the possibility of TNBC development through binding to intracellular iron and suppressing ferroptosis, providing the molecular basis of combined treatment for TNBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 59-year-old man with a history of recurrent pancreatitis presented with abdominal pain and weight loss. Imaging tests revealed a cystic-solid mass in the tail of the pancreas with unclear boundaries and significant enhancement. Despite elevated tumor markers, the patient's history and radiological findings suggested wall-off necrosis. Further testing, including endoscopic ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration, confirmed a diagnosis of pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma co-occurring with carcinosarcoma. This case is rare and challenging to diagnose, but imaging findings and tumor markers can help raise suspicion for subtypes of pancreatic cancer. [Extracted from the article]

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on Wu et al. Click here to view the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. Stellar activity mitigation is one of the major challenges in the detection of Earth-like exoplanets in radial velocity measurements. Several promising techniques are being developed to investigate the use of spectral time series and differentiate between stellar and planetary perturbations. In this context, developing a software that can efficiently explore the parameter space of stellar activity at the spectral level is of great importance. Aims. The goal of this paper is to present a new version of the Spot Oscillation And Planet (SOAP) 2.0 code that is able to model stellar activity at the spectral level using graphical processing units (GPUs). Methods. We took advantage of the computational power of GPUs to optimise the computationally expensive algorithms behind the original SOAP 2.0 code. For that purpose, we developed GPU kernels that allow for stellar activity to be modeled on any given wavelength range. In addition to the treatment of stellar activity at the spectral level, SOAP-GPU also includes a change of spectral line bisectors from center to limb. It can also take PHOENIX spectra as input to model the quiet photosphere, spots, and faculae, allowing for simulations of stellar activity for a wider space in terms of stellar properties. Results. Benchmark calculations show that for the same accuracy, this new code improves the computational speed by a factor of 60, as compared to a modified version of SOAP 2.0 that generates spectra, when modeling stellar activity on the full visible spectral range with a resolution of R = 115 000. Although the code now includes the variation of spectral line bisector with center-to-limb angle, the effect on the derived RVs is minimal. We also show that it is not possible to fully separate the flux from the convective blueshift effect when modeling spots, due to their lower temperature and the subsequent appearance of molecular absorption in their spectra. Shown to be rather negligible for the Sun, this degeneracy between the flux and convective blueshift effect becomes more important when we move to cooler stars. However, this issue does not impact the estimation of the total effect (flux plus convection), demonstrating that users can trust this output. Conclusions. The publicly available SOAP-GPU code allows us to efficiently model stellar activity at the spectral level, which is essential for testing further stellar activity mitigation techniques at the level of spectral time series that are not affected by other sources of noise. Besides a huge gain in performance, SOAP-GPU also includes more physics and is able to model different stars than the Sun, from F to K dwarfs, thanks to the use of the PHOENIX spectral library. However, we do note that due to the limited understanding of stellar convection and activity on other stars than the Sun, the more we move away from the solar case and the more carefully we ought to consider the output of the code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of supervised deep learning-based denoising methods relies on massive amounts of high-quality training data set with labels. However, data labelling is a time-consuming and tedious process, and the lack of labelled data set has become a major bottleneck affecting the development of supervised deep learning-based denoising methods. In recent years, denoising methods that only use unlabelled noisy data set for training have received more and more attention. Although these methods get rid of the dependence on labels, they usually have some specific requirements on the training data set. For example, the paired training data are required to be multiple noisy observations for each scene or obey a specific noise distribution, etc., which are often very challenging to meet in practical applications. In this study, we propose an improved self-supervised denoising framework based on Noise2Noise that only uses noisy seismic data set for training, and we name it sample2sample. The proposed denoising framework does not require multiple repeated acquisitions of seismic data to obtain multiple independent noisy observations for each scene used for training, and has no specific requirement for the noise distribution prior. Specifically, we introduce a random sampler to generate paired subsamples from some individual noisy seismic data for training. The corresponding elements in the two paired subsamples are adjacent in the original seismic data and approximately meet the training premise of Noise2Noise, that is the paired training data have the same signal. In addition, considering that there are some subtle differences in the signals of the paired subsamples generated by sampling, we also introduce a regularization loss to compensate for this. We conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the denoising performance of the proposed method through further experiments, including synthetic data experiments and field data experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the high-speed camera shadow method, the unsteady and stochastic behavior of the kerosene concentration in crossflow is discussed. A set of high-frequency and high-precision liquid injection control device is designed. The unsteady characteristics are studied at the same conditions (P = 17 atm and K = 300 K) in the case of 20 ms continuous injection. The range of the fuel/air momentum ratio is equal to 55–72 and then the above process is repeated 100 times, using statistical test methods to study the stochastic behavior. The results show that in the time domain, the kerosene concentration in crossflow exhibits obvious unsteady characteristics, and the statistical results show that the concentration distribution at the inner edge and the central trajectory of the jet satisfies to Gaussian distribution. The statistical results of repeated tests show that the kerosene concentration in crossflow is stochastic, and its probability density distribution is Gaussian. The stochastic behavior at the outer edge is more obvious. With increase in the momentum ratio, the stochastic behavior becomes stronger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

mRNA export, translation, splicing, cleavage or capping determine mRNA stability, which represents one of the primary aspects regulating gene expression and function. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) bind to their target mRNAs to regulate multiple cell functions by increasing or reducing their stability. In recent decades, studies of the role of RBPs in tumorigenesis have revealed an increasing number of proteins impacting the prognosis, diagnosis and cancer treatment. Several RBPs have been identified based on their interactions with oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in human cancers, which are involved in apoptosis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), DNA repair, autophagy, cell proliferation, immune response, metabolism, and the regulation of noncoding RNAs. In this review, we propose a model showing how RBP mutations influence tumorigenesis, and we update the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism by which RBPs regulate cancer. Special attention is being devoted to RBPs that represent prognostic and diagnostic factors in cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scene graph generation refers to the task of identifying the objects and specifically the relationships between the objects from an image. Existing scene graph generation methods generally use the bounding boxes region features of objects to identify the relationships between objects. However, we feel that the overlap region features of two objects may play an important role in fine‐grained relationship identification. In fact, some fine‐grained relationships can only be obtained from the overlap region features of two objects. Therefore, we propose the Multi‐Branch Feature Combination (MFC) module and Overlap Region Transformer (ORT) module to comprehensively obtain the visual features contained in the overlap regions of two objects. Concretely, the MFC module uses deconvolution and multi‐branch dilation convolution to obtain high‐pixels and multi‐receptive field features in the overlap regions. The ORT module uses the vision transformer to obtain the self‐attention of the overlap regions. The joint use of these two modules achieves the mutual complementation of local connectivity properties of convolution and the global connectivity properties of attention. We also design a Geometrical Center Augmented (GCA) module to obtain the relative position information of the geometric centers between two objects, to prevent the problem that only relying on the scale of the overlap region cannot accurately capture the relationship between two objects. Experiments show that our model ORGC (Overlap Region and Geometrical Center), the combination of the MFC module, the ORT module, and the GCA module, can enhance the performance of fine‐grained relation identification. On the Visual Genome dataset, our model outperforms the current state‐of‐the‐art model by 4.4% on the R@50 evaluation metric, reaching a state‐of‐the‐art result of 33.88. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmonella is a crucial food‐borne pathogen causing food poisoning, leading to severe public health events. Here, we developed a technique by integrating recombinase polymerase amplification with CRISPR‐LbCas12a and employing two targets with engineered crRNA for detection of Salmonella (RPA‐LbCas12a‐TTECDS). Our findings revealed that this novel method rapidly detects trace Salmonella in food through fluorescence intensity and provides a template for other food‐borne pathogen detection methods. Further, crRNA was optimized to increase detection sensitivity. Double targets were used to enhance the detection accuracy, reaching the level of qPCR, which was superior to fluorescent RPA. The RPA‐LbCas12a‐TTECDS system specifically detected Salmonella levels as low as 50 CFU per ml at 37°C in 1 h. In summary, a simple, rapid, sensitive and high accuracy detection technique based on CRISPR‐Cas12a was created for Salmonella detection without complicated equipment. Significance and Impact of the Study: The emergence of CRISPR‐Cas12a provides a new technique for detection methods. In this study, we developed a rapid, sensitive, and high accuracy RPA‐LbCas12a‐TTECDS based toolbox for Salmonella detection. This method is easy to operate with a completion span of 50 min by a fluorescence detector. The simple and quick‐to‐read method is potentially useful as point‐of‐care testing for Salmonella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coulomb collisions with background plasma can cause emittance growth in plasma accelerators. This paper extends the theory to consider collisions with not only motionless plasma ions but also plasma electrons with relativistic motion, based on the Frankel cross section. The theory is verified by particle-in-cell simulations with a Monte Carlo collision module. It is shown that the electron contribution has the same amount as that of ions in linear acceleration regime and may not be negligible in nonlinear regime depending on the plasma electron density and its relativistic bulk velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new eudesmanolide, macrocephalolide I (1), along with 11 known compounds 2–12, were isolated from the whole plant of Artemisia macrocephala. Their structures were elucidated by HR-ESI-MS, NMR, and ECD calculations. Compound 1 was tested for anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities, without obvious potentials unfortunately. Compounds 2–12 were isolated firstly from Artemisia macrocephala, wherein 8, 11 were isolated from Artemisia genus for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, titled "Giant J-waves in severe hypothermia," discusses the case of a 36-year-old woman who was brought to the emergency room unconscious and with a low body temperature. The electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed the presence of giant J waves, also known as Osborn waves, which are associated with hypothermia. These waves become more prominent as the body temperature drops and regress with rewarming. The article also mentions other conditions that can cause similar wave patterns on an ECG. The authors of the article are Yun Tao Zhao, Yen Shu Huang, and Lei Wang. Written consent has been obtained from the patient for publication, and there are no conflicts of interest. [Extracted from the article]

The previously observed self-E → H and inverse H → E mode transitions were explained by unrelated mechanisms. The argument in this Brief Communication finds that both mode transitions can be interpreted via wall-heating that affects electron density by changing neutral density. In the self-E → H mode transition, the shift of the preset E-mode discharge to the E → H mode-transition point is caused by the increasing neutral density in the cooling down process of the chamber wall overheated in the preceding high-power H-mode discharge. The requirement for the inverse H → E mode transitions is a small-sized cylindrical radio frequency (RF) inductively coupled plasma source powered by multi-turn coil under which the strong wall-heating in the ramping-up phase of RF power or RF coil current leads to a reduction of neutral density in the subsequent ramping-down phase. The wall-heating can affect all processes in gas discharges but is most remarkable near a mode transition. The wall-heating effect on discharge mode transition has not been intensively investigated but was only suggested to explain the unknown mode transition in an electron cyclotron resonance plasma source [Jarnyk et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 2039 (1993)]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waveguides were fabricated from highly n-type doped GeSn layers with Sn content at 5.4%–6.2% and grown on Ge-buffered Si substrates. The waveguides were optically pumped using a 976 nm continuous-wave laser, and the waveguide emission spectrum was collected and analyzed. The results indicate a non-linear power increase via higher injection-level at room temperature. Comprehensive theoretical models for the waveguide emission power dependence were developed to reproduce experimental data and provide an understanding of the nonlinear power dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to evaluate the predictive power of new Chinese Diabetes Risk Score (NCDRS) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on a large prospective cohort study. Large prospective cohort study. The baseline examination of the Rural Chinese Cohort Study was initiated in 2007–2008 and followed up in 2013–2014 in Luoyang city, Henan Province of China. The NCDRS included age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and family history of diabetes. Cox's proportional-hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The predictive capability of NCDRS was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). A total of 9,860 participants were included in the present analysis, and during a median follow-up of 6.01 years, 653 of them developed T2DM. In the multivariate models, the risk of T2DM showed a significant increasing trend (P trend <0.001): with NCDRS of 18–23, 24–29, and >29 versus <18, the HR was 1.85 (95% CI 1.30–2.64), 2.99 (2.14–4.18), and 3.97 (2.84–5.54), respectively. The predictive value was higher for NCDRS than for the previous Chinese diabetes risk score: AUC 0.675 (95% CI 0.666–0.684) and optimal cut-off of 24 (P < 0.001). Similar results were observed by sex. Especially, the predictive value of NCDRS was high among young people (aged 20–39 years): AUC 0.751 (0.732–0.769). Our study, based on a large prospective cohort, suggests that NCDRS is a reliable indicator for the identification of T2DM in rural China, especially in younger populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has identified the novel lubrication scheme brought by boundary slip effect in lubrication. However, the implementation of an endurable slip coating on elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) is challenging. One plausible solution is to mount a slip surface coating onto a substrate with an interlayer, forming a multi-layer structure. This study presents a robust framework for analysing the effects of the thickness and strength of the coating and interlayer. A general algorithm for investigating the mechanics of boundary slip EHL contact that utilises a linear elasticity equation is developed. Besides the influence of boundary slip on the lubrication film, the effect on the mechanical response of the contacting bodies is emphasised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Recently, many studies have investigated the association between adherence to antihypertensive medication (AHM) and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events for hypertensive patients; however, the results varied by different studies. Aims The purpose of our meta-analysis was to explore the comprehensively summarized association between AHM adherence and risk of CVD events in hypertensive patients from cohort studies. Design A dose–response meta-analysis. Methods and results We conducted a systematic search in two databases (PubMed and Embase) from 1974 to 15 December 2019 to identify English-language reports that assessed the association of AHM adherence with risk of CVD events in cohort studies. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using a fixed- or random-effects model. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the possible linear or non-linear association. Results We included 16 cohort studies with 2 769 700 participants in the present meta-analysis. The pooled RR of CVD events was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.56–0.78, I 2 = 98.6%) for the highest versus lowest AHM adherence categories. We found a linear dose–response association of AHM adherence and CVD events (P nonlinearity = 0.887), each 20% increase in AHM adherence was associated with a 13% reduced risk of CVD events (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.83–0.92, I 2 = 98.2%) in hypertensive patients. Conclusion High AHM adherence has a protective effect on CVD events for hypertensive patients, and improving medication adherence may provide long-term CVD benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Dupilumab is an antibody against interleukin‐4 receptor α, used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in adult Chinese patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD. Methods: In this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, phase III study, conducted between December 2018 and February 2020, patients with AD received dupilumab (300 mg) or placebo once every 2 weeks for 16 weeks, and were followed up for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with both an Investigator's Global Assessment score of 0–1 and a reduction from baseline of ≥ 2 points at week 16. Results: Overall, 165 patients (mean age 30·6 years; 71·5% male patients) were randomized; 82 patients were randomized to dupilumab and 83 patients were randomized to placebo. At week 16, 26·8% of patients in the dupilumab group and 4·8% of patients in the placebo group achieved the primary endpoint [difference 22·0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11·37–32·65; P < 0·001]. Compared with placebo, higher proportions of patients in the dupilumab group achieved ≥ 75% reduction in the Eczema Area and Severity Index score (57·3% vs. 14·5%; difference 42·9%, 95% CI 29·75–55·97; P < 0·001) and had ≥ 3‐point (52·4% vs. 9·6%; difference 42·8%, 95% CI 30·26–55·34; P < 0·001) and ≥ 4‐point (39·0% vs. 4·8%; difference 34·2%, 95% CI 22·69–45·72; P < 0·001) reductions in weekly average daily peak daily pruritus numerical rating scale scores. The incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events during the treatment period was similar in the two groups. The incidence of conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis and injection site reaction was higher in the dupilumab group than in the placebo group. Conclusions: In adult Chinese patients, dupilumab was effective in improving the signs and symptoms of AD and demonstrated a favourable safety profile. What is already known about this topic?Two randomized, placebo‐controlled phase III trials (SOLO 1 and SOLO 2) have demonstrated that dupilumab is effective and safe when used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in adults.However, very few Chinese participants were included and, therefore, the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in this population is unclear. What does this study add?The findings of this randomized, placebo‐controlled phase III trial show that dupilumab is effective in improving the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis in adult Chinese patients and has a favourable safety profile in this population. Plain language summary available online [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling network plays a pivotal role in sugar metabolism and plants growth. In this article, we made use of the grape (Vitis vinifera) calli as experiment materials to explore the function of VvTOR gene and protein. By dual-luciferase reporter system, We found that VvTOR promoter could respond to ABA (Abscisic Acid) signal and VvTOR 1200 bp promoter fragment had stronger activity. By the treatment of AZD8055, an inhibitor of VvTOR, the sugars (glucose, sucrose, fructose) contents of grape calli had different changes and the growth of grape calli could be repressed. We further found that VvTOR could affect grape growth and sugar metabolism genes expression under the different treatments of ABA and AZD8055. These results provide a new evidence to support the viewpoint that VvTOR could respond to ABA signal and affect sugar related genes expression in grapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation focuses on liquid fragility (m) and its correlation with glass-forming ability (GFA) of Ce-Ga-Cu, Ce-Al-Cu-Ni and newly developed Ce-Ga-Cu-Ni bulk metallic glass (BMG) systems. The present Ce-based BMGs belong to the extremely strong glass-forming system, whose fragility m values lie in a strong liquid range of 18–33. The quantitative correlation between m and GFA in the present Ce-based BMGs cannot be described well by previous criteria proposed by Senkov [Phys. Rev. B 76, 104202 (2007)], Wang [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 261913 (2012)], and Johnson [Nat. Commun. 7, 10313 (2016)]. By considering both the stability of the liquid phase and the stability of the competing crystalline phases, it is found that the stability of the competing crystalline phases plays a dominant role in the determination of GFA of strong Ce-based BMGs. And, the influence of reduced glass transition temperature (Trg) on GFA would be submerged by that of fragility m when m is below ~30. The results help in further understanding the underlying correlation between fragility and GFA in metallic glasses, especially for the strong glass-forming liquids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three aliphatic nitroalkanes, nitromethane, nitroethane, and 1-nitropropane, are investigated with fs laser-induced filament and breakdown spectroscopy (LIFBS). Filament emission spectra, C I, the CN violet system (B2Σ+ − X2Σ+, Δν = 0 sequence), and the C2 swan system (d3Πg − a3Πu, Δν = 0 sequence), are obtained. The time integrated intensities of CN and C2 can be used for identifying the three nitroalkanes. The filament features (length, diameter, and temperature) of the CN and C2 emissions are analyzed; C2 converts to CN through a single-atom substitution reaction between C2 and N atoms at the early stage, which mainly occurs at the head and tail parts of the filament with a lower temperature rather than at the hotter middle part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ascaridia galli (Nematoda: Ascaridiidae) is the most common intestinal roundworm of chickens and other birds with a worldwide distribution. Although A. galli has been extensively studied, knowledge of the genetic variation of this parasite in detail is still insufficient. The present study examined genetic variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene among A. galli isolates (n = 26) from domestic chickens in Hunan Province, China. A portion of the cox1 (pcox1) gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction separately from adult A. galli individuals and the amplicons were subjected to sequencing from both directions. The length of the sequences of pcox1 is 441 bp. Although the intra-specific sequence variation within A. galli is 0–7.7%, the inter-specific sequence differences among other members of the infraorder Ascaridomorpha were 11.4–18.9%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the maximum likelihood method using the sequences of pcox1 confirmed that all of the Ascaridia isolates were A. galli, and also resolved three distinct clades. Taken together, the findings suggest that A. galli may represent a complex of cryptic species. Our results provide an additional genetic marker for the management of A. galli in chickens and other birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment with aluminum chloride (AlCl3) suppresses the growth of osteoblastic cells; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of AlCl3 on cell growth have not been fully characterized. In this study, we observed that exposure of hFOB1.19 cells to AlCl3 arrested cells at G0/G1 phase by inducing p21 expression. Further studies indicated that AlCl3 upregulated the phosphorylation level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) at serine 727 site (Ser727). By chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we found that AlCl3 promoted STAT1/DNA binding activity to p21 promoter, thus resulting in the upregulation of p21. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of STAT1 attenuated p21 level induced by AlCl3. Notably, using hFOB1.19 cells stably expressing dominant-negative STAT1 (Ser727Ala), we demonstrated that phosphorylation of STAT1 at Ser727 site is required for p21-mediated cycle arrest induced by AlCl3. Mechanism investigation indicated that AlCl3 stimulated the phosphorylation of JNK, and administration of JNK inhibitor SP600125 prevented AlCl3-induced G0/G1 arrest through suppressing the phosphorylation of STAT1. Notably, pretreatment with N-acetyl-cysteine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger, conferred a significantly inhibitory effect on AlCl3-mediated activation of JNK/STAT1 signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings provide the molecular mechanism for G0/G1 arrest induced by AlCl3 in osteoblastic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, an efficient domain decomposition method finite element method (DDM-FEM) algorithm is presented for the lossy twisted pair cable. In harsh environment and anti-interface ability, cables need high toughness, noise immunity, and extraordinary strength. We, in this paper, simulate a physical model of twisted pair cable and apply a hybrid solver of DDM-FEM to analyze these problems by compression and approximation of matrix-vector product. The DDMFEM solver along with matrix compression is used to compute the RLCG, propagation constant in the twisted pair cable, and to reduce the computational time and memory size. Therefore, in the proposed algorithm, the complexities of the system become linear. The study compares the calculated results with the existing standard to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a data-driven approach, the performance of deep learning models depends largely on the quantity and quality of the training data sets, which greatly limits the application of deep learning to tasks with small data sets. Unfortunately, sometimes we need to use limited small data sets to complete our tasks, such as distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data denoising. However, using a small data set to train the network may cause overfitting, resulting in poor network generalization. To solve this problem, we propose an approach based on the combination of a generative adversarial network and a deep convolutional neural network. First, we used a small noise data set to train a generative adversarial network to generate synthetic noise samples, and then used these synthetic noise samples to augment the noise data set. Next, we used the augmented noise data set and the signal data set obtained through forward modelling to construct a synthetic training set. Finally, a denoising network based on a convolutional neural network was trained on the constructed synthetic training set. Experimental results show that the augmented data set can effectively improve the denoising performance and generalization ability of the network, and the denoising network trained on the augmented data set can more effectively reduce various kinds of noise in the DAS data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]