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1. Orbital Edema Secondary to a Sphenoidal Mass as the Presenting Symptom of High-Risk Precursor B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Author: Cody Lo, Rem Aziz, James T. Denstedt, Zhao X. Feng, and Annick V. Fournier
Subjects: leukemia, orbital edema, orbital mass, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract: Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy, known to present with ocular manifestations in rare cases. Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 9-year-old previously healthy male who developed a 2-day history of periocular swelling and was found on MRI to have a large sphenoidal mass. Further work up showed involvement of the spinal cord, iliac crests, and kidneys. His initial blood work showed no hematological abnormalities. A bone marrow biopsy taken from the iliac crest demonstrated >90% B lymphoblasts and flow cytometry was positive for CD19. Overall, his investigations were consistent with a diagnosis of precursor B-cell ALL (pre B-ALL). His neuro-ophthalmic exam showed right-sided subtle periocular edema, decreased palpebral fissure height, and proptosis. Posterior exam showed mild nasal elevation of the right optic disc without vessel obscuration and mild tortuosity of the peripheral vessels. He otherwise had no overt signs of afferent or efferent dysfunction despite the proximity of the mass to his optic nerve and globe. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that high-risk pre B-ALL, a childhood cancer not commonly associated with orbital manifestations, can present with orbital edema and normal leukocyte count in an otherwise healthy child.
Published: 2024
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2. Existent state and removal rate of silver in lead-silver slag during the melt-vaporization process

Author: Shen Y.-Y., Zhao X.-S., Zhang F.-J., Ma W.-X., Wang X.-F., and Du X.-Y.
Subjects: lead-silver slag, melt-vaporization process, silver phase, response surface method, removal rate, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract: In this paper, Ag contained in the lead-silver slag was recovered during the melt-vaporization process. The existing Ag state in the soot was analyzed, the influence of the reaction temperature, the carbon ratio, and the reaction time on the removal rate of the silver was investigated, and the process conditions were optimized using reaction surface methodology. Silver chloride, silver metal, silver sulfide, silver oxide, and silver sulfate are the main silver phases in lead-silver slag, of which silver chloride and silver sulfide are the main phases. The silver oxide (Ag2O) and the silver chloride (AgCl) in the leadsilver slag volatilize to soot, the silver sulfide (Ag2S) is oxidized by oxygen to silver sulfate (Ag2SO4), and elemental silver volatilizes with Pb and Zn to form alloys. The silver is ultimately present as Ag, AgCl, Ag2O and Ag2SO4 in the soot. The removal rate of the silver gradually increases with increasing reaction temperature and tends to remain stable at 1300°C. With a gradual increase in the carbon content, the removal rate of silver first increases and then decreases. The highest value is 80.12 wt% when the carbon content is 16.30 wt%. As the holding time increases, the silver removal rate gradually increases and then stabilizes at 79.97 wt% even at a holding time of 150 minutes. The optimum process conditions for silver removal are a reaction temperature of 1340°C, a carbon content of 16.10 wt%, and a holding time of 165 minutes. The average removal rate of silver under these conditions is 80.42 wt%. The research in this article provides a theoretical basis for the removal and utilization of silver from lead and silver residues.
Published: 2023
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3. Characterization of the optical model of the T2K 3D segmented plastic scintillator detector

Author: Abe, S., Alekseev, I., Arai, T., Arihara, T., Arimoto, S., Babu, N., Baranov, V., Bartoszek, L., Berns, L., Bhattacharjee, S., Blondel, A., Boikov, A. V., Buizza-Avanzini, M., Capó, J., Cayo, J., Chakrani, J., Chong, P. S., Chvirova, A., Danilov, M., Davis, C., Davydov, Yu. I., Dergacheva, A., Dokania, N., Douqa, D., Doyle, T. A., Drapier, O., Eguchi, A., Elias, J., Fedorova, D., Fedotov, S., Ferlewicz, D., Fuji, Y., Furui, Y., Gendotti, A., Germer, A., Giannessi, L., Giganti, C., Glagolev, V., Hu, J., Iwamoto, K., Jakkapu, M., Jesús-Valls, C., Ji, J. Y., Jung, C. K., Kakuno, H., Kasetti, S. P., Kawaue, M., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., Kikutani, H., Kobayashi, H., Kobayashi, T., Kodama, S., Kolupanova, M., Korzenev, A., Kose, U., Kudenko, Y., Kuribayashi, S., Kutter, T., Lachat, M., Lachner, K., Last, D., Latham, N., Silverio, D. Leon, Li, B., Li, W., Li, Z., Lin, C., Lin, L. S., Lin, S., Lux, T., Mahtani, K., Maret, L., Caicedo, D. A. Martinez, Martynenko, S., Matsubara, T., Mauger, C., McGrew, C., McKean, J., Mefodiev, A., Miller, E., Mineev, O., Moreno, A. L., Muñoz, A., Nakadaira, T., Nakagiri, K., Nguyen, V., Nicola, L., Noah, E., Nosek, T., Okinaga, W., Osu, L., Paolone, V., Parsa, S., Pellegrino, R., Ramirez, M. A., Reh, M., Ricco, C., Rubbia, A., Sakashita, K., Sallin, N., Sanchez, F., Schefke, T., Schloesser, C. M., Sgalaberna, D., Shvartsman, A., Skrobova, N., Speers, A. J., Suslov, I. A., Suvorov, S., Svirida, D., Tairafune, S., Tanigawa, H., Teklu, A., Tereshchenko, V. V., Tzanov, M., Vasilyev, I. I., Wallace, H. T., Whitney, N., Wood, K., Xu, Y. -h., Yang, G., Yershov, N., Yokoyama, M., Yoshimoto, Y., Zhao, X., Zheng, H., Zhu, T., Zilberman, P., and Zimmerman, E. D.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The magnetised near detector (ND280) of the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment has been recently upgraded aiming to satisfy the requirement of reducing the systematic uncertainty from measuring the neutrinonucleus interaction cross section, which is the largest systematic uncertainty in the search for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation. A key component of the upgrade is SuperFGD, a 3D segmented plastic scintillator detector made of approximately 2,000,000 optically-isolated 1 cm3 cubes. It will provide a 3D image of GeV neutrino interactions by combining tracking and stopping power measurements of final state particles with sub-nanosecond time resolution. The performance of SuperFGD is characterized by the precision of its response to charged particles as well as the systematic effects that might affect the physics measurements. Hence, a detailed Geant4 based optical simulation of the SuperFGD building block, i.e. a plastic scintillating cube read out by three wavelength shifting fibers, has been developed and validated with the different datasets collected in various beam tests. In this manuscript the description of the optical model as well as the comparison with data are reported., Comment: 31 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2024

4. A Multi-station Meteor Monitoring (M$^3$) System. II. system upgrade and a pathfinder network

Author: Li, Z., Zou, H., Liu, J., Ma, J., Meng, Q., Cai, Y., Zhao, X., Li, X., Tu, Z., Zhang, B., Wang, R., Wang, S., and Lu, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Meteors are important phenomenon reflecting many properties of interplanetary dust particles. The study of their origin, mass distribution, and orbit evolution all require large data volume, which can only be obtained using large meteor networks. After meteor networks in Europe and America, we present our designs and upgrades of a proposing network in China. The new designs are mainly aimed for facilitating data gathering process. Each of the newly designed meteor stations now can support up to 4 cameras to cover the full sky. Newer version of meteor station software now works as an integral system, which can streamline the process of detecting, measuring and uploading meteors. We have built a meteor data platform to store, process and display the meteor data automatically. The software and data platform are designed to be easy to learn and use, so it can attract more people to join and operate meteor stations. Four stations are installed as the first phase of the network, and during the operation in 10 months, the network detected 8,683 orbits, and we find that half of the orbits can be related to established meteoroid streams. The statistical analysis of sporadic meteoroids shows a bimodal distribution of the velocities, which coincides with previous studies. The distribution of Tisserand parameters, $T_j$, shows the two peaks at $T_j=0$ and 3, indicating the different orbits of parent bodies (isotropic and ecliptic), which are divided by $T_j=2$. The falling trajectory of a meteorite was also predicted using observational data of the network. We are currently expanding the network, and in the future we will carry out detailed analysis of the key parameters of the distribution of the meteoroids., Comment: 24 pages, 25 figures, Accepted for publication in the Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (PASP)
Published: 2024

5. A Multi-Wavelength Characterization of the Obscuring Medium at the Center of NGC 6300

Author: Sengupta, D., Torres-Albà, N., Pizzetti, A., López, I. E., Marchesi, S., Vignali, C., Barchiesi, L., Cox, I., Gaspari, M., Zhao, X., Ajello, M., and Esposito, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Most of the super-massive black holes in the Universe accrete material in an obscured phase. While it is commonly accepted that the "dusty torus" is responsible for the nuclear obscuration, its geometrical, physical, and chemical properties are far from being properly understood. In this paper, we take advantage of the multiple X-ray observations taken between 2007 and 2020, as well as of optical to far infra-red (FIR) observations of NGC 6300, a nearby ($z=0.0037$) Seyfert 2 galaxy. The goal of this project is to study the nuclear emission and the properties of the obscuring medium, through a multi-wavelength study conducted from X-ray to IR. We perform a simultaneous X-ray spectral fitting and optical-FIR spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting to investigate the obscuring torus. For the X-ray spectral fitting, physically motivated torus models, such as borus02, UXClumpy and XClumpy are used. The SED fitting is done using XCIGALE. Through joint analysis, we constrain the physical parameters of the torus and the emission properties of the accreting supermassive black hole. Through X-ray observations taken in the last 13 years, we have not found any significant line-of-sight column density variability for this source, but observed the X-ray flux dropping $\sim40-50\%$ in 2020 with respect to previous observations. The UXClumpy model predicts the presence of an inner ring of Compton-thick gaseous medium, responsible for the reflection dominated spectra above 10 keV. Through multi-wavelength SED fitting, we measure an Eddington accretion rate $\lambda_{\rm{Edd}}\sim2\times10^{-3}$, which falls in the range of the radiatively inefficient accretion solutions., Comment: Submitted to A&A, currently under review
Published: 2024

6. Extragalactic fast X-ray transient from a weak relativistic jet associated with a Type Ic-BL supernova

Author: Sun, H., Li, W. -X., Liu, L. -D., Gao, H., Wang, X. -F., Yuan, W., Zhang, B., Filippenko, A. V., Xu, D., An, T., Ai, S., Brink, T. G., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. -Q., Wang, C. -Y., Wu, Q. -Y., Wu, X. -F., Yang, Y., Zhang, B. -B., Zheng, W. -K., Ahumada, T., Dai, Z. -G., Delaunay, J., Elias-Rosa, N., Benetti, S., Fu, S. -Y., Howell, D. A., Huang, Y. -F., Kasliwal, M. M., Karambelkar, V., Stein, R., Lei, W. -H., Lian, T. -Y., Peng, Z. -K., Ridnaia, A. V., Svinkin, D. S., Wang, X. -Y., Wang, A. -L., Wei, D. -M., An, J., Andrews, M., Bai, J. -M, Dai, C. -Y., Ehgamberdiev, S. A., Fan, Z., Farah, J., Feng, H. -C., Fynbo, J. P. U., Guo, W. -J., Guo, Z., Hu, M. -K., Hu, J. -W., Jiang, S. -Q., Jin, J. -J., Li, A., Li, J. -D., Li, R. -Z., Liang, Y. -F., Ling, Z. -X., Liu, X., Mao, J. -R., McCully, C., Mirzaqulov, D., Newsome, M., Gonzalez, E. Padilla, Pan, X., Terreran, G., Tinyanont, S., Wang, B. -T., Wang, L. -Z., Wen, X. -D., Xiang, D. -F., Xue, S. -J., Yang, J., Zhu, Z. -P., Cai, Z. -M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Chen, F. -S., Chen, H. -L., Chen, T. -X., Chen, W., Chen, Y. -H., Chen, Y. -F., Chen, Y., Cheng, H. -Q., Cordier, B., Cui, C. -Z., Cui, W. -W., Dai, Y. -F., Fan, D. -W., Feng, H., Guan, J., Han, D. -W., Hou, D. -J., Hu, H. -B., Huang, M. -H., Huo, J., Jia, S. -M., Jia, Z. -Q., Jiang, B. -W., Jin, C. -C., Jin, G., Kuulkers, E., Li, C. -K., Li, D. -Y., Li, J. -F., Li, L. -H., Li, M. -S., Li, W., Li, Z. -D., Liu, C. -Z, Liu, H. -Y., Liu, H. -Q., Liu, M. -J., Lu, F. -J., Luo, L. -D., Ma, J., Mao, X., Nandra, K., O'Brien, P., Pan, H. -W., Rau, A., Rea, N., Sanders, J., Song, L. -M., Sun, S. -L., Sun, X. -J., Tan, Y. -Y., Tang, Q. -J., Tao, Y. -H., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, W. -X., Wang, Y. -L., Wang, Y. -S., Xiong, D. -R., Xu, H. -T., Xu, J. -J., Xu, X. -P., Xu, Y. -F., Xu, Z., Xue, C. -B., Xue, Y. -L., Yan, A. -L., Yang, H. -N., Yang, X. -T., Yang, Y. -J., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhang, M., Zhang, S. -N., Zhang, W. -D., Zhang, W. -J., Zhang, Y. -H., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z. -L., Zhao, D. -H., Zhao, H. -S., Zhao, X. -F., Zhao, Z. -J., Zhou, Y. -L., Zhu, Y. -X., and Zhu, Z. -C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Massive stars end their life as core-collapse supernovae, amongst which some extremes are Type Ic broad-lined supernovae associated with long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) having powerful relativistic jets. Their less-extreme brethren make unsuccessful jets that are choked inside the stars, appearing as X-ray flashes or low-luminosity GRBs. On the other hand, there exists a population of extragalactic fast X-ray transients (EFXTs) with timescales ranging from seconds to thousands of seconds, whose origins remain obscure. Known sources that contribute to the observed EFXT population include the softer analogs of LGRBs, shock breakouts of supernovae, or unsuccessful jets. Here, we report the discovery of the bright X-ray transient EP240414a detected by the Einstein Probe (EP), which is associated with the Type Ic supernova SN 2024gsa at a redshift of 0.401. The X-ray emission evolution is characterised by a very soft energy spectrum peaking at < 1.3 keV, which makes it distinct from known LGRBs, X-ray flashes, or low-luminosity GRBs. Follow-up observations at optical and radio bands revealed the existence of a weak relativistic jet that interacts with an extended shell surrounding the progenitor star. Located on the outskirts of a massive galaxy, this event reveals a new population of explosions of Wolf-Rayet stars characterised by a less powerful engine that drives a successful but weak jet, possibly owing to a progenitor star with a smaller core angular momentum than in traditional LGRB progenitors., Comment: 43 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, submitted. Comments are welcome
Published: 2024

7. A Multi-station Meteor Monitoring (M$^3$) System. I. Design and Testing

Author: Li, Z., Zou, H., Liu, J., Ma, J., Zhao, X., Li, X., Tu, Z., Zhang, B., Wang, R., Wang, S., and Xue, Marco
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Meteors carry important and indispensable information about the interplanetary environment, which can be used to understand the origin and evolution of our solar system. We have developed a Multi-station Meteor Monitoring ($\rm M^3$) system that can observe almost the entire sky and detect meteors automatically, and it determines their trajectories. They are highly extensible to construct a large-scale network. Each station consists of a waterproof casing, a wide field-of-view lens with a CMOS camera, and a supporting computer. The camera has a built-in GPS module for accurately timing the meteoroid entry into the atmosphere (accurate to 1 $\mu$s), which is the most prominent characteristic compared with other existing meteor monitoring devices. We have also developed a software package that can efficiently identify and measure meteors appearing in the real-time video stream and compute the orbits of meteoroids in the solar system via multi-station observations. During the Geminid meteor shower in 2021, the M$^3$ system was tested at two stations ($\sim$55 km apart) in the suburbs of Beijing. The test results show that the astrometric accuracy is about 0.3-0.4 arcmin. About 800 meteors were detected by these two stations. A total of 473 meteors have their orbits calculated by our software, and 377 of them belong to the Geminid meteoroid stream. Our M$^3$ system will be further tested and upgraded, and it will be used to construct a large monitoring network in China in the future., Comment: 38 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication in the Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (JATIS)
Published: 2024
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8. Hadronic cross section measurements with the DAMPE space mission using 20GeV-10TeV cosmic-ray protons and $^4$He

Author: Alemanno, F., An, Q., Azzarello, P., Barbato, F. C. T., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cagnoli, I., Cai, M. S., Casilli, E., Catanzani, E., Chang, J., Chen, D. Y., Chen, J. L., Chen, Z. F., Coppin, P., Cui, M. Y., Cui, T. S., Cui, Y. X., Dai, H. T., De Benedittis, A., De Mitri, I., de Palma, F., Di Giovanni, A., Ding, Q., Dong, T. K., Dong, Z. X., Donvito, G., Droz, D., Duan, J. L., Duan, K. K., Fan, R. R., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, F., Fang, K., Feng, C. Q., Feng, L., Frieden, J. M., Fusco, P., Gao, M., Gargano, F., Gong, K., Gong, Y. Z., Guo, D. Y., Guo, J. H., Han, S. X., Hu, Y. M., Huang, G. S., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y. Y., Ionica, M., Jiang, L. Y., Jiang, Y. Z., Jiang, W., Kong, J., Kotenko, A., Kyratzis, D., Lei, S. J., Li, W. H., Li, W. L., Li, X., Li, X. Q., Liang, Y. M., Liu, C. M., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, S. B., Liu, Y., Loparco, F., Luo, C. N., Ma, M., Ma, P. X., Ma, T., Ma, X. Y., Marsella, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mo, D., Niu, X. Y., Pan, X., Parenti, A., Peng, W. X., Peng, X. Y., Perrina, C., Putti-Garcia, E., Qiao, R., Rao, J. N., Ruina, A., Sarkar, R., Savina, P., Serpolla, A., Shangguan, Z., Shen, W. H., Shen, Z. Q., Shen, Z. T., Silveri, L., Song, J. X., Stolpovskiy, M., Su, H., Su, M., Sun, H. R., Sun, Z. Y., Surdo, A., Teng, X. J., Tykhonov, A., Wang, J. Z., Wang, L. G., Wang, S., Wang, S. X., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. Z., Wang, Z. M., Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. F., Wu, D., Wu, J., Wu, S. S., Wu, X., Xia, Z. Q., Xu, H. T., Xu, J., Xu, Z. H., Xu, Z. L., Xu, E. H., Xu, Z. Z., Xue, G. F., Yang, H. B., Yang, P., Yang, Y. Q., Yao, H. J., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, G. W., Yuan, Q., Yue, C., Zang, J. J., Zhang, S. X., Zhang, W. Z., Zhang, Yan, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Y. J., Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, Y. P., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, H. Y., Zhao, X. F., Zhou, C. Y., and Zhu, Y.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Precise direct cosmic-ray (CR) measurements provide an important probe to study the energetic particle sources in our Galaxy, and the interstellar environment through which these particles propagate. Uncertainties on hadronic models, ion-nucleon cross sections in particular, are currently the limiting factor towards obtaining more accurate CR ion flux measurements with calorimetric space-based experiments. We present an energy-dependent measurement of the inelastic cross section of protons and helium-4 nuclei (alpha particles) on a Bi$_4$Ge$_3$O$_{12}$ target, using 88 months of data collected by the DAMPE space mission. The kinetic energy range per nucleon of the measurement points ranges from 18 GeV to 9 TeV for protons, and from 5 GeV/n to 3 TeV/n for helium-4 nuclei. Our results lead to a significant improvement of the CR flux normalisation. In the case of helium-4, these results correspond to the first cross section measurements on a heavy target material at energies above 10 GeV/n., Comment: 17 pages, submitted to PRD
Published: 2024

9. Ab initio study of Z(N) = 6 magicity

Author: Li, H., Ong, H. J., Fang, D., Mazur, I. A., Shin, I. J., Shirokov, A. M., Vary, J. P., Yin, P., Zhao, X., and Zuo, W.
Subjects: Nuclear Theory
Abstract: The existence of magic numbers of protons and neutrons in nuclei is essential for understanding nuclear structure and fundamental nuclear forces. Over decades, researchers have conducted theoretical and experimental studies on the new magic number Z(N) = 6, focusing on observables such as radii, binding energy, electromagnetic transition, and nucleon separation energies. We perform the ab initio no-core shell model calculations for the occupation numbers of the lowest single particle states in the ground states of Z(N) = 6 and Z(N) = 8 isotopes (isotones). Our calculations do not support Z(N) = 6 as a magic number over a span of atomic numbers. However, 14C and 14O exhibit the characteristics of double-magic nuclei.
Published: 2024

10. Using graph neural networks to reconstruct charged pion showers in the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter

Author: Aamir, M., Acar, B., Adamov, G., Adams, T., Adloff, C., Afanasiev, S., Agrawal, C., Ahmad, A., Ahmed, H. A., Akbar, S., Akchurin, N., Akgul, B., Akgun, B., Akpinar, R. O., Aktas, E., AlKadhim, A., Alexakhin, V., Alimena, J., Alison, J., Alpana, A., Alshehri, W., Dominguez, P. Alvarez, Alyari, M., Amendola, C., Amir, R. B., Andersen, S. B., Andreev, Y., Antoszczuk, P. D., Aras, U., Ardila, L., Aspell, P., Avila, M., Awad, I., Aydilek, O., Azimi, Z., Pretel, A. Aznar, Bach, O. A., Bainbridge, R., Bakshi, A., Bam, B., Banerjee, S., Barney, D., Bayraktar, O., Beaudette, F., Beaujean, F., Becheva, E., Behera, P. K., Belloni, A., Bergauer, T., Besancon, M., Bylund, O. Bessidskaia, Bhatt, L., Bhowmil, D., Blekman, F., Blinov, P., Bloch, P., Bodek, A., Boger, a., Bonnemaison, A., Bouyjou, F., Brennan, L., Brondolin, E., Brusamolino, A., Bubanja, I., Perraguin, A. Buchot, Bunin, P., Misura, A. Burazin, Butler-nalin, A., Cakir, A., Callier, S., Campbell, S., Canderan, K., Cankocak, K., Cappati, A., Caregari, S., Carron, S., Carty, C., Cauchois, A., Ceard, L., Cerci, S., Chang, P. J., Chatterjee, R. M., Chatterjee, S., Chattopadhyay, P., Chatzistavrou, T., Chaudhary, M. S., Chauhan, A., Chen, J. A., Chen, J., Chen, Y., Cheng, K., Cheung, H., Chhikara, J., Chiron, A., Chiusi, M., Chokheli, D., Chudasama, R., Clement, E., Mendez, S. Coco, Coko, D., Coskun, K., Couderc, F., Crossman, B., Cui, Z., Cuisset, T., Cummings, G., Curtis, E. M., D'Alfonso, M., D-hler-ball, J., Dadazhanova, O., Damgov, J., Das, I., DasGupta, S., Dauncey, P., Mendes, A. David Tinoco, Davies, G., Davignon, O., DeLa, P. deBarbaroC., DeSilva, M., DeWit, A., Debbins, P., Defranchis, M. M., Delagnes, E., Devouge, P., Dewangan, C., DiGuglielmo, G., Diehl, L., Dilsiz, K., Dincer, G. G., Dittmann, J., Dragicevic, M., Du, D., Dubinchik, B., Dugad, S., Dulucq, F., Dumanoglu, I., Duran, B., Dutta, S., Dutta, V., Dychkant, A., Dünser, M., Edberg, T., Ehle, I. T., Berni, A. El, Elias, F., Eno, S. C., Erdogan, E. N., Erkmen, B., Ershov, Y., Ertorer, E. Y., Extier, S., Eychenne, L., Fedar, Y. E., Fedi, G., De Almeida, J. P. Figueiredo De De Sá Sousa, Alves, B. A. Fontana Santos Santos, Frahm, E., Francis, K., Freeman, J., French, T., Gaede, F., Gandhi, P. K., Ganjour, S., Garcia-Bellido, A., Gastaldi, F., Gazi, L., Gecse, Z., Gerwig, H., Gevin, O., Ghosh, S., Gill, K., Gleyzer, S., Godinovic, N., Goek, M., Goettlicher, P., Goff, R., Golunov, A., Gonultas, B., Martínez, J. D. González, Gorbounov, N., Gouskos, L., Gray, A., Gray, L., Grieco, C., Groenroos, S., Groner, D., Gruber, A., Grummer, A., Grönroos, S., Guilloux, F., Guler, Y., Gungordu, A. D., Guo, J., Guo, K., Guler, E. Gurpinar, Gutti, H. K., Guvenli, A. A., Gülmez, E., Hacisahinoglu, B., Halkin, Y., Machado, G. Hamilton Ilha, Hare, H. S., Hatakeyama, K., Heering, A. H., Hegde, V., Heintz, U., Hinton, N., Hinzmann, A., Hirschauer, J., Hitlin, D., Hos, İ., Hou, B., Hou, X., Howard, A., Howe, C., Hsieh, H., Hsu, T., Hua, H., Hummer, F., Imran, M., Incandela, J., Iren, E., Isildak, B., Jackson, P. S., Jackson, W. J., Jain, S., Jana, P., Jaroslavceva, J., Jena, S., Jige, A., Jordano, P. P., Joshi, U., Kaadze, K., Kafizov, A., Kalipoliti, L., Tharayil, A. Kallil, Kaluzinska, O., Kamble, S., Kaminskiy, A., Kanemura, M., Kanso, H., Kao, Y., Kapic, A., Kapsiak, C., Karjavine, V., Karmakar, S., Karneyeu, A., Kaya, M., Topaksu, A. Kayis, Kaynak, B., Kazhykarim, Y., Khan, F. A., Khudiakov, A., Kieseler, J., Kim, R. S., Klijnsma, T., Kloiber, E. G., Klute, M., Kocak, Z., Kodali, K. R., Koetz, K., Kolberg, T., Kolcu, O. B., Komaragiri, J. R., Komm, M., Kopsalis, I., Krause, H. A., Krawczyk, M. A., Vinayakam, T. R. Krishnaswamy, Kristiansen, K., Kristic, A., Krohn, M., Kronheim, B., Krüger, K., Kudtarkar, C., Kulis, S., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kumar, S., Verma, R. Kumar, Kunori, S., Kunts, A., Kuo, C., Kurenkov, A., Kuryatkov, V., Kyre, S., Ladenson, J., Lamichhane, K., Landsberg, G., Langford, J., Laudrain, A., Laughlin, R., Lawhorn, J., Dortz, O. Le, Lee, S. W., Lektauers, A., Lelas, D., Leon, M., Levchuk, L., Li, A. J., Li, J., Li, Y., Liang, Z., Liao, H., Lin, K., Lin, W., Lin, Z., Lincoln, D., Linssen, L., Litomin, A., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lobanov, A., Lohezic, V., Loiseau, T., Lu, C., Lu, R., Lu, S. Y., Lukens, P., Mackenzie, M., Magnan, A., Magniette, F., Mahjoub, A., Mahon, D., Majumder, G., Makarenko, V., Malakhov, A., Malgeri, L., Mallios, S., Mandloi, C., Mankel, A., Mannelli, M., Mans, J., Mantilla, C., Martinez, G., Massa, C., Masterson, P., Matthewman, M., Matveev, V., Mayekar, S., Mazlov, I., Mehta, A., Mestvirishvili, A., Miao, Y., Milella, G., Mirza, I. R., Mitra, P., Moccia, S., Mohanty, G. B., Monti, F., Moortgat, F., Murthy, S., Music, J., Musienko, Y., Nabili, S., Nayak, S., Nelson, J. W., Nema, A., Neutelings, I., Niedziela, J., Nikitenko, A., Noonan, D., Noy, M., Nurdan, K., Obraztsov, S., Ochando, C., Ogul, H., Olsson, J., Onel, Y., Ozkorucuklu, S., Paganis, E., Palit, P., Pan, R., Pandey, S., Pantaleo, F., Papageorgakis, C., Paramesvaran, S., Paranjpe, M. M., Parolia, S., Parsons, A. G., Parygin, P., Paulini, M., Paus, C., Peñaló, K., Pedro, K., Pekic, V., Peltola, T., Peng, B., Perego, A., Perini, D., Petrilli, A., Pham, H., Pierre-Emile, T., Podem, S. K., Popov, V., Portales, L., Potok, O., Pradeep, P. B., Pramanik, R., Prosper, H., Prvan, M., Qasim, S. R., Qu, H., Quast, T., Trivino, A. Quiroga, Rabour, L., Raicevic, N., Rajpoot, H., Rao, M. A., Rapacz, K., Redjeb, W., Reinecke, M., Revering, M., Roberts, A., Rohlf, J., Rosado, P., Rose, A., Rothman, S., Rout, P. K., Rovere, M., Rumerio, P., Rusack, R., Rygaard, L., Ryjov, V., Sadivnycha, S., Sahin, M. Ö., Sakarya, U., Salerno, R., Saradhy, R., Saraf, M., Sarbandi, K., Sarkisla, M. A., Satyshev, I., Saud, N., Sauvan, J., Schindler, G., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, I., Schmitt, M. H., Sculac, A., Sculac, T., Sedelnikov, A., Seez, C., Sefkow, F., Selivanova, D., Selvaggi, M., Sergeychik, V., Sert, H., Shahid, M., Sharma, P., Sharma, R., Sharma, S., Shelake, M., Shenai, A., Shih, C. W., Shinde, R., Shmygol, D., Shukla, R., Sicking, E., Silva, P., Simsek, C., Simsek, E., Sirasva, B. K., Sirois, Y., Song, S., Song, Y., Soudais, G., Sriram, S., StJacques, R. R., StahlLeiton, A. G., Steen, A., Stein, J., Strait, J., Strobbe, N., Su, X., Sukhov, E., Suleiman, A., Cerci, D. Sunar, Suryadevara, P., Swain, K., Syal, C., Tali, B., Tanay, K., Tang, W., Tanvir, A., Tao, J., Tarabini, A., Tatli, T., Taylor, R., Taysi, Z. C., Teafoe, G., Tee, C. Z., Terrill, W., Thienpont, D., Thomas, R., Titov, M., Todd, C., Todd, E., Toms, M., Tosun, A., Troska, J., Tsai, L., Tsamalaidze, Z., Tsionou, D., Tsipolitis, G., Tsirigoti, M., Tu, R., Polat, S. N. Tural, Undleeb, S., Usai, E., Uslan, E., Ustinov, V., Vernazza, E., Viahin, O., Viazlo, O., Vichoudis, P., Vijay, A., Virdee, T., Voirin, E., Vojinovic, M., Voytishin, N., Vámi, T. Á., Wade, A., Walter, D., Wang, C., Wang, F., Wang, J., Wang, K., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wanlin, E., Wayne, M., Wetzel, J., Whitbeck, A., Wickwire, R., Wilmot, D., Wilson, J., Wu, H., Xiao, M., Yang, J., Yazici, B., Ye, Y., Yetkin, T., Yi, R., Yohay, R., Yu, T., Yuan, C., Yuan, X., Yuksel, O., YushmanoV, I., Yusuff, I., Zabi, A., Zareckis, D., Zarubin, A., Zehetner, P., Zghiche, A., Zhang, C., Zhang, D., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, X., Zhong, J., Zhou, Y., and Zorbilmez, Ç.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract: A novel method to reconstruct the energy of hadronic showers in the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) is presented. The HGCAL is a sampling calorimeter with very fine transverse and longitudinal granularity. The active media are silicon sensors and scintillator tiles readout by SiPMs and the absorbers are a combination of lead and Cu/CuW in the electromagnetic section, and steel in the hadronic section. The shower reconstruction method is based on graph neural networks and it makes use of a dynamic reduction network architecture. It is shown that the algorithm is able to capture and mitigate the main effects that normally hinder the reconstruction of hadronic showers using classical reconstruction methods, by compensating for fluctuations in the multiplicity, energy, and spatial distributions of the shower's constituents. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using test beam data collected in 2018 prototype of the CMS HGCAL accompanied by a section of the CALICE AHCAL prototype. The capability of the method to mitigate the impact of energy leakage from the calorimeter is also demonstrated., Comment: Prepared for submission to JINST
Published: 2024

11. The Energy Budget in the Jet of High-frequency Peaked BL Lacertae Objects

Author: Zhao, X. Z., Yang, H. Y., Zheng, Y. G., and Kang, S. J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Energy equipartition and the energy budget in the jet are import issues for the radiation mechanism of blazars. Early work predominantly concentrated on flat-spectrum radio quasars and a limited number of BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs). In this paper, we compile 348 high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs) based on the catalog of active galactic nuclei (4LAC-DR3) from Fermi-LAT, and employ \textit{JetSet} to fit the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these HBLs in the framework of the one-zone lepton model. We aim to determine whether the energy budget is reasonable and whether the energy equipartition is satisfied in HBLs. The results of the statistical analysis suggest that: (1) SEDs of HBLs can be reproduced well by using the one-zone lepton model; however it cannot achieve the energy equalization, and the relativistic electron energy density is far greater than the magnetic field energy density, $U_{e} \gtrsim100 U_{B}$; (2) the majority of the HBLs are located in the $t_{cool}$$<$$t_{dyn}$ region (where the horizontal coordinate represents the jet power of electrons, while the ordinate indicates the ratio between the dynamic time scale to the cooling timescale), and the jet kinetic power of HBLs is greater than the jet power of radiation; there is a very low radiation efficiency, we deduce that HBLs may have optically thin advection-dominated accretion flows; (3) the $\log\epsilon_{B}$ of HBLs is less than zero, which indicates that the jet kinetic power of HBLs is not affected by Poynting flux; (4) the relationships with $U_{e} >U_{Syn}\sim U_{B}$, $L_{e}\sim L_{p}>L_{B}\sim L_{rad}$ and $\log\epsilon_{e}>0.5$ are established. These relations indicate that most of the energy of HBLs is stored in the population of low-energy electrons., Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, and 5 tables
Published: 2024
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12. Kinetic temperature of massive star-forming molecular clumps measured with formaldehyde V. The massive filament DR21

Author: Zhao, X., Tang, X. D., Henkel, C., Gong, Y., Lin, Y., Li, D. L., He, Y. X., Ao, Y. P., Lu, X., Liu, T., Sun, Y., Wang, K., Chen, X. P., Esimbek, J., Zhou, J. J., Wu, J. W., Qiu, J. J., Zheng, X. W., Li, J. S., Luo, C. S., and Zhao, Q.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The kinetic temperature structure of the massive filament DR21 has been mapped using the IRAM 30 m telescope. This mapping employed the para-H$_2$CO triplet ($J_{\rm K_aK_c}$ = 3$_{03}$--2$_{02}$, 3$_{22}$--2$_{21}$, and 3$_{21}$--2$_{20}$) on a scale of $\sim$0.1 pc. By modeling the averaged line ratios of para-H$_{2}$CO with RADEX under non-LTE assumptions, the kinetic temperature of the dense gas was derived at a density of $n$(H$_{2}$) = 10$^{5}$ cm$^{-3}$. The para-H$_2$CO lines reveal significantly higher temperatures than NH$_3$ (1,1)/(2,2) and FIR wavelengths. The dense clumps appear to correlate with the notable kinetic temperature. Among the four dense cores (N44, N46, N48, and N54), temperature gradients are observed on a scale of $\sim$0.1-0.3 pc. This suggests that the warm dense gas is influenced by internal star formation activity. With the exception of N54, the temperature profiles of these cores were fitted with power-law indices ranging from $-$0.3 to $-$0.5. This indicates that the warm dense gas is heated by radiation emitted from internally embedded protostar(s) and/or clusters. While there is no direct evidence supporting the idea that the dense gas is heated by shocks resulting from a past explosive event in the DR21 region, our measurements toward the DR21W1 region provide compelling evidence that the dense gas is indeed heated by shocks originating from the western DR21 flow. Higher temperatures appear to be associated with turbulence. The physical parameters of the dense gas in the DR21 filament exhibit a remarkable similarity to the results obtained in OMC-1 and N113. This may imply that the physical mechanisms governing the dynamics and thermodynamics of dense gas traced by H$_{2}$CO in diverse star formation regions may be dominated by common underlying principles despite variations in specific environmental conditions. (abbreviated), Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, 3 tabels. Accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2024
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13. Spinons in a new Shastry-Sutherland lattice magnet Pr$_2$Ga$_2$BeO$_7$

Author: Li, N., Brassington, A., Shu, M. F., Wang, Y. Y., Liang, H., Li, Q. J., Zhao, X., Baker, P. J., Kikuchi, H., Masuda, T., Duan, G., Liu, C., Wang, H., Xie, W., Zhong, R., Ma, J., Yu, R., Zhou, H. D., and Sun, X. F.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: Identifying the elusive spinon excitations in quantum spin liquid (QSL) materials is what scientists have long sought for. Recently, thermal conductivity ($\kappa$) has emerged to be a decisive probe because the fermionic nature of spinons leads to a characteristic nonzero linear $\kappa_0/T$ term while approaching zero Kelvin. So far, only a few systems have been reported to exhibit such term. Here, we report a $\kappa_0/T \approx$ 0.01 WK$^{-2}$m$^{-1}$, the largest $\kappa_0/T$ value ever observed in magnetic oxide QSL candidates, in a new quantum magnet Pr$_2$Ga$_2$BeO$_7$ with a Shastry-Sutherland lattice (SSL). Its QSL nature is further supported by the power-law temperature dependence of the specific heat, a plateau of muon spin relaxation rate, and gapless inelastic neutron spectra. Our theoretical analysis reveals that the introduction of XY spin anisotropy is the key for Pr$_2$Ga$_2$BeO$_7$ to be the first QSL realized on the SSL, after more than four decades of extensive studies on this celebrated magnetically frustrated lattice., Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, with Supplementary Information
Published: 2024

14. First joint oscillation analysis of Super-Kamiokande atmospheric and T2K accelerator neutrino data

Author: Super-Kamiokande, collaborations, T2K, Abe, S., Abe, K., Akhlaq, N., Akutsu, R., Alarakia-Charles, H., Ali, A., Hakim, Y. I. Alj, Monsalve, S. Alonso, Amanai, S., Andreopoulos, C., Anthony, L. H. V., Antonova, M., Aoki, S., Apte, K. A., Arai, T., Arihara, T., Arimoto, S., Asada, Y., Asaka, R., Ashida, Y., Atkin, E. T., Babu, N., Barbi, M., Barker, G. J., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Bates, P., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M., Beauchêne, A., Berardi, V., Berns, L., Bhadra, S., Bhuiyan, N., Bian, J., Blanchet, A., Blondel, A., Bodur, B., Bolognesi, S., Bordoni, S., Boyd, S. B., Bravar, A., Bronner, C., Bubak, A., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Burton, G. T., Caballero, J. A., Calabria, N. F., Cao, S., Carabadjac, D., Carter, A. J., Cartwright, S. L., Casado, M. P., Catanesi, M. G., Cervera, A., Chakrani, J., Chalumeau, A., Chen, S., Cherdack, D., Choi, K., Chong, P. S., Chvirova, A., Cicerchia, M., Coleman, J., Collazuol, G., Cook, L., Cormier, F., Cudd, A., Dalmazzone, C., Daret, T., Dasgupta, P., Davis, C., Davydov, Yu. I., De Roeck, A., De Rosa, G., Dealtry, T., Delogu, C. C., Densham, C., Dergacheva, A., Dharmapal, R., Di Lodovico, F., Lopez, G. Diaz, Dolan, S., Douqa, D., Doyle, T. A., Drapier, O., Duffy, K. E., Dumarchez, J., Dunne, P., Dygnarowicz, K., D'ago, D., Edwards, R., Eguchi, A., Elias, J., Emery-Schrenk, S., Erofeev, G., Ershova, A., Eurin, G., Fannon, J. E. P., Fedorova, D., Fedotov, S., Feltre, M., Feng, J., Feng, L., Ferlewicz, D., Fernandez, P., Finch, A. J., Aguirre, G. A. Fiorentini, Fiorillo, G., Fitton, M. D., Patiño, J. M. Franco, Friend, M., Fujii, Y., Fujisawa, C., Fujita, S., Fukuda, Y., Furui, Y., Gao, J., Gaur, R., Giampaolo, A., Giannessi, L., Giganti, C., Glagolev, V., Goldsack, A., Gonin, M., Rosa, J. González, Goodman, E. A. G., Gorin, A., Gorshanov, K., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Grassi, M., Griskevich, N. J., Guigue, M., Hadley, D., Haigh, J. T., Han, S., Harada, M., Harris, D. A., Hartz, M., Hasegawa, T., Hassani, S., Hastings, N. C., Hayato, Y., Heitkamp, I., Henaff, D., Hill, J., Hino, Y., Hiraide, K., Hogan, M., Holeczek, J., Holin, A., Holvey, T., Van, N. T. Hong, Honjo, T., Horiuchi, S., Hosokawa, K., Hu, Z., Hu, J., Iacob, F., Ichikawa, A. K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Iovine, N., Ishida, T., Ishino, H., Ishitsuka, M., Ishizuka, T., Ito, H., Itow, Y., Izmaylov, A., Izumiyama, S., Jakkapu, M., Jamieson, B., Jang, M. C., Jang, J. S., Jenkins, S. J., Jesús-Valls, C., Ji, J. Y., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jonsson, P., Joshi, S., Jung, C. K., Jung, S., Kabirnezhad, M., Kaboth, A. C., Kajita, T., Kakuno, H., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Karpova, S., Kasetti, S. P., Kashiwagi, Y., Kasturi, V. S., Kataoka, Y., Katori, T., Kawamura, Y., Kawaue, M., Kearns, E., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., Kim, S. B., King, S., Kiseeva, V., Kisiel, J., Kneale, L., Kobayashi, H., Kobayashi, T., Kobayashi, M., Koch, L., Kodama, S., Kolupanova, M., Konaka, A., Kormos, L. L., Koshio, Y., Koto, T., Kowalik, K., Kudenko, Y., Kudo, Y., Kuribayashi, S., Kurjata, R., Kurochka, V., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., Kwon, E., La Commara, M., Labarga, L., Lachat, M., Lachner, K., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., LamersJames, M., Langella, A., Laporte, J. -F., Last, D., Latham, N., Laveder, M., Lavitola, L., Lawe, M., Learned, J. G., Lee, Y., Lee, S. H., Silverio, D. Leon, Levorato, S., Lewis, S., Li, X., Li, W., Lin, C., Litchfield, R. P., Liu, S. L., Liu, Y. M., Long, K. R., Longhin, A., Moreno, A. Lopez, Lu, X., Ludovici, L., Lux, T., Machado, L. N., Maekawa, Y., Magaletti, L., Mahn, K., Mahtani, K. K., Malek, M., Mandal, M., Manly, S., Marino, A. D., Martens, K., Marti, Ll., Martin, D. G. R., Martin, J. F., Martin, D., Martini, M., Maruyama, T., Matsubara, T., Matsumoto, R., Mattiazzi, M., Matveev, V., Mauger, C., Mavrokoridis, K., Mazzucato, E., McCauley, N., McElwee, J. M., McFarland, K. S., McGrew, C., McKean, J., Mefodiev, A., Megias, G. D., Mehta, P., Mellet, L., Menjo, H., Metelko, C., Mezzetto, M., Migenda, J., Mijakowski, P., Miki, S., Miller, E., Minamino, A., Mine, S., Mineev, O., Mirabito, J., Miura, M., Bueno, L. Molina, Moon, D. H., Mori, M., Moriyama, S., Morrison, P., Muñoz, A., Mueller, Th. A., Munford, D., Munteanu, L., Nagai, Y., Nagai, K., Nakadaira, T., Nakagiri, K., Nakahata, M., Nakajima, Y., Nakamura, A., Nakamura, K., Nakamura, K. D., Nakamura, T., Nakanishi, F., Nakano, Y., Nakaya, T., Nakayama, S., Nakayoshi, K., Naseby, C. E. R., Ngoc, T. V., Nguyen, V. Q., Nguyen, D. T., Nicholson, M., Niewczas, K., Ninomiya, K., Nishijima, K., Nishimori, S., Nishimura, Y., Noguchi, Y., Nosek, T., Nova, F., Novella, P., Nugent, J. C., Odagawa, T., Okazaki, R., Okazawa, H., Okinaga, W., Okumura, K., Okusawa, T., Ommura, Y., Onda, N., Ospina, N., Osu, L., Oyama, Y., O'Flaherty, M., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, L., Périssé, L., Paganini, P., Palladino, V., Paolone, V., Pari, M., Park, R. G., Parlone, J., Pasternak, J., Payne, D., Penn, G. C., de Perio, P., Pershey, D., Pfaff, M., Pickering, L., Pintaudi, G., Pistillo, C., Pointon, B. W., Popov, B., Yrey, A. Portocarrero, Porwit, K., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Prabhu, Y. S., Prasad, H., Pronost, G., Prouse, N. W., Pupilli, F., Quilain, B., Quyen, P. T., Raaf, J. L., Radermacher, T., Radicioni, E., Radics, B., Ramirez, M. A., Ramsden, R. M., Ratoff, P. N., Reh, M., Riccio, C., Richards, B., Rogly, R., Rondio, E., Roth, S., Roy, N., Rubbia, A., Russo, L., Rychter, A., Saenz, W., Sakai, S., Sakashita, K., Samani, S., Santos, A. D., Sato, Y., Sato, K., Schefke, T., Schloesser, C. M., Scholberg, K., Scott, M., Seiya, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sekiya, H., Seo, J. W., Sgalaberna, D., Shaikhiev, A., Shi, W., Shiba, H., Shibayama, R., Shigeta, N., Shima, S., Shimamura, R., Shimizu, K., Shinoki, M., Shiozawa, M., Shiraishi, Y., Shvartsman, A., Skrobova, N., Skwarczynski, K., Smy, M. B., Smyczek, D., Sobczyk, J. T., Sobel, H. W., Soler, F. J. P., Sonoda, Y., Speers, A. J., Spina, R., Stroke, Y., Suslov, I. A., Suvorov, S., Suzuki, S., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, S. Y., Suzuki, Y., Sánchez, F., Tada, T., Tada, M., Tairafune, S., Takagi, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Takhistov, V., Takifuji, K., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, H. K., Tanigawa, H., Taniuchi, N., Tano, T., Tarrant, A., Tashiro, T., Teklu, A., Terada, K., Tereshchenko, V. V., Thamm, N., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Toki, W., Tomiya, T., Touramanis, C., Tsui, K. M., Tsukamoto, T., Tzanov, M., Uchida, Y., Vagins, M. R., Vargas, D., Varghese, M., Vasseur, G., Villa, E., Vinning, W. G. S., Virginet, U., Vladisavljevic, T., Wachala, T., Wakabayashi, D., Wallace, H. T., Walsh, J. G., Walter, C. W., Wan, L., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wark, D., Wascko, M. O., Watanabe, E., Weber, A., Wendell, R. A., Wester, T., Wilking, M. J., Wilkinson, C., Wilson, S. T., Wilson, J. R., Wood, K., Wret, C., Wu, Y., Xia, J., Xie, Z., Xu, B. D., Xu, Y. -H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T., Yamauchi, K., Yanagisawa, C., Yang, G., Yang, B. S., Yang, J. Y., Yankelevich, A., Yano, T., Yasutome, K., Yershov, N., Yevarouskaya, U., Yokoyama, M., Yoo, J., Yoshida, T., Yoshida, S., Yoshimoto, Y., Yoshimura, N., Yoshioka, Y., Yu, M., Yu, I., Zaki, R., Zaldivar, B., Zalewska, A., Zalipska, J., Zaremba, K., Zarnecki, G., Zhang, J., Zhang, A. Q., Zhang, B., Zhao, X. Y., Zhong, H., Zhu, T., Ziembicki, M., Zimmerman, E. D., Zito, M., and Zsoldos, S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Super-Kamiokande and T2K collaborations present a joint measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters from their atmospheric and beam neutrino data. It uses a common interaction model for events overlapping in neutrino energy and correlated detector systematic uncertainties between the two datasets, which are found to be compatible. Using 3244.4 days of atmospheric data and a beam exposure of $19.7(16.3) \times 10^{20}$ protons on target in (anti)neutrino mode, the analysis finds a 1.9$\sigma$ exclusion of CP-conservation (defined as $J_{CP}=0$) and a preference for the normal mass ordering., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2024

15. Data quality control system and long-term performance monitor of the LHAASO-KM2A

Author: Cao, Zhen, Aharonian, F., Axikegu, Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Bian, W., Bukevich, A. V., Cao, Q., Cao, W. Y., Cao, Zhe, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, A. M., Chen, E. S., Chen, H. X., Chen, Liang, Chen, Lin, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, M. Y., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, Dong, X. Q., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, J., Fang, J. H., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, H., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, X. T., Feng, Y., Feng, Y. L., Gabici, S., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Gao, W. K., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Giacinti, G., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, F. L., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., Hasan, M., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, J. Y., He, Y., Hor, Y. K., Hou, B. W., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, Q., Hu, S. C., Huang, D. H., Huang, T. Q., Huang, W. J., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jia, K., Jiang, K., Jiang, X. W., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, M., Kang, M. M., Karpikov, I., Kuleshov, D., Kurinov, K., Li, B. B., Li, C. M., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, D., Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K., Li, S. D., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, S. J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, D. B., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Luo, Q., Luo, Y., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Mu, H. J., Nan, Y. C., Neronov, A., Ou, L. J., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, J. C., Qi, M. Y., Qiao, B. Q., Qin, J. J., Raza, A., Ruffolo, D., Sáiz, A., Saeed, M., Semikoz, D., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shu, F. W., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, D. X., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Takata, J., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Q. W., Tang, R., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, C., Wang, C. B., Wang, G. W., Wang, H. G., Wang, H. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, Kai, Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, P. H., Wang, R., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, Q. W., Wu, S., Wu, X. F., Wu, Y. S., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xiong, D. R., Xiong, Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. F., Xu, R. X., Xu, W. L., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yan, T., Yang, C. W., Yang, C. Y., Yang, F., Yang, F. F., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, W. X., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, H., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zha, M., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, Li, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zhao, X. H., Zheng, F., Zhong, W. J., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, M., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, B. Y., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., Zou, Y. C., and Zuo, X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KM2A is the largest sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). It consists of 5216 electromagnetic particle detectors (EDs) and 1188 muon detectors (MDs). The data recorded by the EDs and MDs are used to reconstruct primary information of cosmic ray and gamma-ray showers. This information is used for physical analysis in gamma-ray astronomy and cosmic ray physics. To ensure the reliability of the LHAASO-KM2A data, a three-level quality control system has been established. It is used to monitor the status of detector units, stability of reconstructed parameters and the performance of the array based on observations of the Crab Nebula and Moon shadow. This paper will introduce the control system and its application on the LHAASO-KM2A data collected from August 2021 to July 2023. During this period, the pointing and angular resolution of the array were stable. From the observations of the Moon shadow and Crab Nebula, the results achieved using the two methods are consistent with each other. According to the observation of the Crab Nebula at energies from 25 TeV to 100 TeV, the time averaged pointing errors are estimated to be $-0.003^{\circ} \pm 0.005^{\circ}$ and $0.001^{\circ} \pm 0.006^{\circ}$ in the R.A. and Dec directions, respectively., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2024

16. Soft X-ray prompt emission from a high-redshift gamma-ray burst EP240315a

Author: Liu, Y., Sun, H., Xu, D., Svinkin, D. S., Delaunay, J., Tanvir, N. R., Gao, H., Zhang, C., Chen, Y., Wu, X. -F., Zhang, B., Yuan, W., An, J., Bruni, G., Frederiks, D. D., Ghirlanda, G., Hu, J. -W., Li, A., Li, C. -K., Li, J. -D., Malesani, D. B., Piro, L., Raman, G., Ricci, R., Troja, E., Vergani, S. D., Wu, Q. -Y., Yang, J., Zhang, B. -B., Zhu, Z. -P., Postigo, A. de Ugarte, Demin, A. G., Dobie, D., Fan, Z., Fu, S. -Y., Fynbo, J. P. U., Geng, J. -J., Gianfagna, G., Hu, Y. -D., Huang, Y. -F., Jiang, S. -Q., Jonker, P. G., Julakanti, Y., Kennea, J. A., Kokomov, A. A., Kuulkers, E., Lei, W. -H., Leung, J. K., Levan, A. J., Li, D. -Y., Li, Y., Littlefair, S. P., Liu, X., Lysenko, A. L., Ma, Y. -N., Martin-Carrillo, A., O'Brien, P., Parsotan, T., Quirola-Vasquez, J., Ridnaia, A. V., Ronchini, S., Rossi, A., Mata-Sanchez, D., Schneider, B., Shen, R. -F., Thakur, A. L., Tohuvavohu, A., Torres, M. A. P., Tsvetkova, A. E., Ulanov, M. V., Wei, J. -J., Xiao, D., Yin, Y. -H. I., Bai, M., Burwitz, V., Cai, Z. -M., Chen, F. -S., Chen, H. -L., Chen, T. -X., Chen, W., Chen, Y. -F., Chen, Y. -H., Cheng, H. -Q., Cui, C. -Z., Cui, W. -W., Dai, Y. -F., Dai, Z. -G., Eder, J., Fan, D. -W., Feldman, C., Feng, H., Feng, Z., Friedrich, P., Gao, X., Guan, J., Han, D. -W, Han, J., Hou, D. -J., Hu, H. -B., Hu, T., Huang, M. -H., Huo, J., Hutchinson, I., Ji, Z., Jia, S. -M., Jia, Z. -Q., Jiang, B. -W., Jin, C. -C., Jin, G., Jin, J. -J., Keereman, A., Lerman, H., Li, J. -F., Li, L. -H., Li, M. -S., Li, W., Li, Z. -D., Lian, T. -Y., Liang, E. -W., Ling, Z. -X., Liu, C. -Z., Liu, H. -Y., Liu, H. -Q., Liu, M. -J., Liu, Y. -R., Lu, F. -J., LU, H. -J., Luo, L. -D., Ma, F. L., Ma, J., Mao, J. -R., Mao, X., McHugh, M., Meidinger, N., Nandra, K., Osborne, J. P., Pan, H. -W., Pan, X., Ravasio, M. E., Rau, A., Rea, N., Rehman, U., Sanders, J., Santovincenzo, A., Song, L. -M., Su, J., Sun, L. -J., Sun, S. -L., Sun, X. -J., Tan, Y. -Y., Tang, Q. -J., Tao, Y. -H., Tong, J. -Z., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, W. -X., Wang, X. -F., Wang, X. -Y., Wang, Y. -L., Wang, Y. -S., Wei, D. -M., Willingale, R., Xiong, S. -L., Xu, H. -T., Xu, J. -J., Xu, X. -P., Xu, Y. -F., Xu, Z., Xue, C. -B., Xue, Y. -L., Yan, A. -L., Yang, F., Yang, H. -N., Yang, X. -T., Yang, Y. -J, Yu, Y. -W., Zhang, J., Zhang, M., Zhang, S. -N., Zhang, W. -D., Zhang, W. -J., Zhang, Y. -H., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z. -L., Zhao, D. -H., Zhao, H. -S., Zhao, X. -F., Zhao, Z. -J., Zhou, L. -X., Zhou, Y. -L., Zhu, Y. -X., Zhu, Z. -C., and Zuo, X. -X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are believed to originate from core collapse of massive stars. High-redshift GRBs can probe the star formation and reionization history of the early universe, but their detection remains rare. Here we report the detection of a GRB triggered in the 0.5--4 keV band by the Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) on board the Einstein Probe (EP) mission, designated as EP240315a, whose bright peak was also detected by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope and Konus-Wind through off-line analyses. At a redshift of $z=4.859$, EP240315a showed a much longer and more complicated light curve in the soft X-ray band than in gamma-rays. Benefiting from a large field-of-view ($\sim$3600 deg$^2$) and a high sensitivity, EP-WXT captured the earlier engine activation and extended late engine activity through a continuous detection. With a peak X-ray flux at the faint end of previously known high-$z$ GRBs, the detection of EP240315a demonstrates the great potential for EP to study the early universe via GRBs., Comment: 41 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables
Published: 2024

17. Laser-synthesized TiN nanoparticles as novel efficient sorbent for environmental water cleaning

Author: Syuy, A. V., Martynov, I. V., Zavidovskiy, I. A., Dyubo, D. V., Sun, Q., Yang, X., Tikhonowski, G. V., Tselikov, D. I., Savinov, M. S., Sozaev, I. V., Popov, A. A., Klimentov, S. M., Tselikov, G. I., Volkov, V. S., Novikov, S. M., Arsenin, A. V., Zhao, X., and Kabashin, A. V.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: Dyes used in industries such as textile, paper, and leather are known to be harmful to both human health and aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, finding effective and sustainable methods to remove dyes from wastewater is crucial for mitigating the detrimental effects of pollution.TiN nanoparticles have good absorption and conversion of light energy into thermal energy in the visible range of the spectrum, which makes them promising in various applications, from biomedical to environmental protection. In this work, it is shown that titanium nitride nanoparticles also possess promising adsorption capabilitieseffect. TiN nanoparticles were synthesized by laser ablation method in liquid. Water, acetone and acetonitrile are used as solvent. Nanoparticles were characterized by scanning and transmission microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, which showed the formation of the under-stoichiometric titanium nitride (TiN1-x). TiN nanoparticles are investigated as a promising object for high adsorption It is shown that adsorption of TiN nanoparticles is associated with the electrostatic effect and the presence of pores in the synthesized nanoparticles. Optimal dye absorption capabilities were found to be associated with a low amount of Ti vacancies and high amount of N vacancies acting as donor states. The particles synthesized in water have the highest sorption capacity of dye achieving the value of 136.5 mg/g., Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2024

18. Hydrogen Column Density Variability in a Sample of Local Compton-Thin AGN II

Author: Pizzetti, A., Torres-Alba, N., Marchesi, S., Buchner, J., Cox, I., Zhao, X., Neal, S., Sengupta, D., Silver, R., and Ajello, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the multi-epoch analysis of 13 variable, nearby (z<0.1), Compton-thin (22
Published: 2024

19. Isolation and Purification of Protein from Ovis aries Placenta

Author: Hu, A. L., Wali, A., Zhao, X. M., Turdu, G., Gao, Y. H., Yang, Z., Kelaimu, R., Mavlonov, G. T., Mamadrakhimov, A. A., Aisa, H. A., and Yili, A.
Published: 2024
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20. Effect of desulfurized gypsum whiskers on the adsorption performances of red mud-based ceramsites for lead ion

Author: Huang, X., Luo, Y., Zhao, X., Huang, Y., Wang, X., and Liu, Z.
Published: 2024
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21. Effects of a Monoenergetic Electron Beam on the Plasma Sheath in the Presence of Secondary Electron Emission

Author: Zhao, X. Y.
Published: 2024
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22. A Strategy for Preparing Quantum Squeezed States Using Reinforcement Learning

Author: Zhao, X. L., Zhao, Y. M., Li, M., Li, T. T., Liu, Q., Guo, S., and Yi, X. X.
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract: We propose a scheme leveraging reinforcement learning to engineer control fields for generating non-classical states. It is exemplified by the application to prepare spin-squeezed states for an open collective spin model where a linear control field is designed to govern the dynamics. The reinforcement learning agent determines the temporal sequence of control pulses, commencing from a coherent spin state in an environment characterized by dissipation and dephasing. Compared to the constant control scenario, this approach provides various control sequences maintaining collective spin squeezing and entanglement. It is observed that denser application of the control pulses enhances the performance of the outcomes. However, there is a minor enhancement in the performance by adding control actions. The proposed strategy demonstrates increased effectiveness for larger systems. Thermal excitations of the reservoir are detrimental to the control outcomes. Feasible experiments are suggested to implement this control proposal based on the comparison with the others. The extensions to continuous control problems and another quantum system are discussed. The replaceability of the reinforcement learning module is also emphasized. This research paves the way for its application in manipulating other quantum systems.
Published: 2024

23. Quadrupole dynamics of carbon isotopes and 10Be

Author: Li, H., Fang, D., Ong, H. J., Shirokov, A. M., Vary, J. P., Yin, P., and Zhao, X.
Subjects: Nuclear Theory
Abstract: Electric quadrupole (E2) moments and transitions provide measures of nuclear deformation and related collective structure. However, matrix elements of the E2 operator are sensitive to the nuclear wave function at large distances and are poorly convergent within the ab initio no-core shell model approach. We demonstrate for the first time that the ratio of neutron to proton quadrupole transition matrix elements, Mn/Mp, is well-converged in the ab initio no-core shell model and provides a new and robust tool for comparing with experimental results. We find that our parameter-free results for Mn/Mp for the carbon isotopes and 10Be compare well with experiment, where available, and offer new insight into the quadrupole dynamics of nuclear response.
Published: 2024

24. TREASUREHUNT: Transients and Variability Discovered with HST in the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time Domain Field

Author: O'Brien, Rosalia, Jansen, Rolf A., Grogin, Norman A., Cohen, Seth H., Smith, Brent M., Silver, Ross M., Maksym III, W. P., Windhorst, Rogier A., Carleton, Timothy, Koekemoer, Anton M., Hathi, Nimish P., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Frye, Brenda L., Alpaslan, M., Ashby, M. L. N., Ashcraft, T. A., Bonoli, S., Brisken, W., Cappelluti, N., Civano, F., Conselice, C. J., Dhillon, V. S., Driver, S. P., Duncan, K. J., Dupke, R., Elvis, M., Fazio, G. G., Finkelstein, S. L., Gim, H. B., Griffiths, A., Hammel, H. B., Hyun, M., Im, M., Jones, V. R., Kim, D., Ladjelate, B., Larson, R. L., Malhotra, S., Marshall, M. A., Milam, S. N., Pierel, J. D. R., Rhoads, J. E., Rodney, S. A., Röttgering, H. J. A., Rutkowski, M. J., Ryan, Jr., R. E., Ward, M. J., White, C. W., van Weeren, R. J., Zhao, X., Summers, J., D'Silva, J. C. J., Ortiz III, R., Robotham, A. S. G., Coe, D., Nonino, M., Pirzkal, N., Yan, H., and Acharya, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The JWST North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Time Domain Field (TDF) is a $>$14 arcmin diameter field optimized for multi-wavelength time-domain science with JWST. It has been observed across the electromagnetic spectrum both from the ground and from space, including with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). As part of HST observations over 3 cycles (the "TREASUREHUNT" program), deep images were obtained with ACS/WFC in F435W and F606W that cover almost the entire JWST NEP TDF. Many of the individual pointings of these programs partially overlap, allowing an initial assessment of the potential of this field for time-domain science with HST and JWST. The cumulative area of overlapping pointings is ~88 arcmin$^2$, with time intervals between individual epochs that range between 1 day and 4$+$ years. To a depth of $m_{AB}$ $\simeq$ 29.5 mag (F606W), we present the discovery of 12 transients and 190 variable candidates. For the variable candidates, we demonstrate that Gaussian statistics are applicable, and estimate that ~80 are false positives. The majority of the transients will be supernovae, although at least two are likely quasars. Most variable candidates are AGN, where we find 0.42% of the general $z$ $<$ 6 field galaxy population to vary at the $~3\sigma$ level. Based on a 5-year timeframe, this translates into a random supernova areal density of up to ~0.07 transients per arcmin$^2$ (~245 deg$^{-2}$) per epoch, and a variable AGN areal density of ~1.25 variables per arcmin$^2$ (~4500 deg$^{-2}$) to these depths., Comment: 32 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, 1 Appendix
Published: 2024

25. Quantifying Personalized Shift-Work Molecular Portraits Underlying Alzheimer’s Disease through Computational Biology

Author: Xu, Y., Zhang, G., Yang, L., Qin, H., Zhou, Z., Li, Q., Liu, H., Wang, R., Cai, Z., Jing, L., Li, Y., Yao, Y., Gong, Z., Yuan, P., Fu, T., Zhao, X., Peng, Tao, and Jia, Yanjie
Published: 2024
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26. Real-Life State of Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Drug Choice in Child-Bearing Age Male Patients and Effect on Fertility and Fetal Safety

Author: Zhao X. Hu, Yi N. Ye, Wei G. Wu, Xu J. Liang, Qi W. Wu, Ao Zhang, Xing R. Zheng, Zhi L. Gao, Liang Peng, and Chan Xie
Subjects: Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract: Research on effects of anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleoside analogs on male fertility and birth defects is limited and safety of nucleoside analogs in pregnancy is still a concern. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in Guangdong province were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. We collected data including medication type, fertility, and birth defects. Moreover, a survey of the knowledge of antiviral nucleoside analogs safety in fertility of male patients was conducted among physicians nationwide. Semen samples of 30 patients were collected. We screened 1050 HBV-positive male patients. Reasons for not receiving antivirals in 150 patients were “did not meet criteria for antiviral therapy,” fertility, and financial. Furthermore, 900 participants received antivirals (85.71%, 900/1050), including 792 patients with children and 15.15% (120/792) took anti-HBV treatment when preparing for pregnancy. Based on whether they received antiviral therapy during conception or not, we divided patients into two groups. In the child-bearing age group, 88.33% (106/120) of patients received telbivudine (LDT), whereas the other group mainly received entecavir (ETV) (87.20%, 586/672). No significant difference occurred in birth defect incidence rates between both groups. Furthermore, 558 physicians completed questionnaires. Reasons that influenced drug selection were “patient’s condition,” “fertility demand,” “financial condition,” and “compliance.” Telbivudine was the first-choice drug (32.80%, 183/558) while tenofovir (TDF) was the second (2.69%, 15/558). Additionally, 61.47% of physicians considered telbivudine or tenofovir as the first choice for male patients who met antiviral criteria, whereas 19% suggested delayed therapy and follow-up until childbirth. No significant changes occurred in semen volume, concentration, mobility, and percentage before and after administration of anti-HBV nucleoside analogs, which did not affect male fertility and birth defect incidence while the desire for pregnancy influenced drug selection and timing of administration. Further research on the effects of analogs on male fertility and fetal safety is required.
Published: 2019
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27. The High Energy X-ray Probe (HEX-P): Probing the physics of the X-ray corona in active galactic nuclei

Author: Kammoun, E., Lohfink, A. M., Masterson, M., Wilkins, D. R., Zhao, X., Baloković, M., Boorman, P. G., Connors, R. M. T., Coppi, P., Fabian, A. C., García, J. A., Madsen, K. K., Cavero, N. Rodriguez, Sridhar, N., Stern, D., Tomsick, J., Wevers, T., Walton, D. J., Bianchi, S., Buchner, J., Civano, F., Lanzuisi, G., Mallick, L., Matt, G., Merloni, A., Nardini, E., Piotrowska, J. M., Ricci, C., Wong, K. -W., Zoghbi, A., and Collaboration, the HEX-P
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The hard X-ray emission in active galactic nuclei (AGN) and black hole X-ray binaries is thought to be produced by a hot cloud of electrons referred to as the corona. This emission, commonly described by a power law with a high-energy cutoff, is suggestive of Comptonization by thermal electrons. While several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin, geometry, and composition of the corona, we still lack a clear understanding of this fundamental component. NuSTAR has been playing a key role improving our knowledge of X-ray coronae thanks to its unprecedented sensitivity above 10 keV. However, these constraints are limited to bright, nearby sources. The High Energy X-ray Probe (HEX-P) is a probe-class mission concept combining high spatial resolution X-ray imaging and broad spectral coverage (0.2-80 keV) with a sensitivity superior to current facilities. In this paper, we highlight the major role that HEX-P will play in further advancing our insights of X-ray coronae, notably in AGN. We demonstrate how HEX-P will measure key properties and track the temporal evolution of coronae in unobscured AGN. This will allow us to determine their electron distribution and test the dominant emission mechanisms. Furthermore, we show how HEX-P will accurately estimate the coronal properties of obscured AGN in the local Universe, helping address fundamental questions about AGN unification. In addition, HEX-P will characterize coronae in a large sample of luminous quasars at cosmological redshifts for the first time and track the evolution of coronae in transient systems in real time. We also demonstrate how HEX-P will enable estimating the coronal geometry using spectral-timing techniques. HEX-P will thus be essential to understand the evolution and growth of black holes over a broad range of mass, distance, and luminosity, and will help uncover the black holes' role in shaping the Universe., Comment: Submitted to Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences after reviewers reports
Published: 2023

28. The High Energy X-ray Probe (HEX-P): The Circum-nuclear Environment of Growing Supermassive Black Holes

Author: Boorman, P. G., Torres-Albà, N., Annuar, A., Marchesi, S., Pfeifle, R., Stern, D., Civano, F., Baloković, M., Buchner, J., Ricci, C., Alexander, D. M., Brandt, W. N., Brightman, M., Chen, C. T., Creech, S., Gandhi, P., García, J. A., Harrison, F., Hickox, R., Kammoun, E., LaMassa, S., Lanzuisi, G., Marcotulli, L., Madsen, K., Matt, G., Matzeu, G., Nardini, E., Piotrowska, J. M., Pizzetti, A., Puccetti, S., Sicilian, D., Silver, R., Walton, D. J., Wilkins, D. R., and Zhao, X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Ever since the discovery of the first Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), substantial observational and theoretical effort has been invested into understanding how massive black holes have evolved across cosmic time. Circum-nuclear obscuration is now established as a crucial component, with almost every AGN observed known to display signatures of some level of obscuration in their X-ray spectra. But despite more than six decades of effort, substantial open questions remain: How does the accretion power impact the structure of the circum-nuclear obscurer? What are the dynamical properties of the obscurer? Can dense circum-nuclear obscuration exist around intrinsically weak AGN? How many intermediate mass black holes occupy the centers of dwarf galaxies? In this paper, we showcase a number of next-generation prospects attainable with the High Energy X-ray Probe (https://hexp.org) to contribute towards solving these questions in the 2030s. The uniquely broad (0.2--80 keV) and strictly simultaneous X-ray passband of HEX-P makes it ideally suited for studying the temporal co-evolution between the central engine and circum-nuclear obscurer. Improved sensitivities and reduced background will enable the development of spectroscopic models complemented by current and future multi-wavelength observations. We show that the angular resolution of HEX-P both below and above 10 keV will enable the discovery and confirmation of accreting massive black holes at both low accretion power and low black hole masses even when concealed by thick obscuration. In combination with other next-generation observations of the dusty hearts of nearby galaxies, HEX-P will hence be pivotal in paving the way towards a complete picture of black hole growth and galaxy co-evolution., Comment: To be submitted for peer review to a HEX-P Collection in Frontiers of Astronomy and Space Science. Constructive comments welcome!
Published: 2023

29. Evidence of mini-jet emission in a large emission zone from a magnetically-dominated gamma-ray burst jet

Author: Yi, S. -X., Wang, C. -W., Shao, X. -Y., Moradi, R., Gao, H., Zhang, B., Xiong, S. -L., Zhang, S. -N., Tan, W. -J., Liu, J. -C., Xue, W. -C., Zhang, Y. -Q., Zheng, C., Wang, Y., Zhang, P., An, Z. -H., Cai, C., Feng, P. -Y., Gong, K., Guo, D. -Y., Huang, Y., Li, B., Li, X. -B., Li, X. -Q., Liu, X. -J., Liu, Y. -Q., Ma, X., Peng, W. -X., Qiao, R., Song, L. -M., Wang, J., Wang, P., Wen, X. -Y., Xiao, S., Xu, Y. -B., Yang, S., Yi, Q. -B., Zhang, D. -L., Zhang, F., Zhang, H. -M., Zhang, J. -P., Zhang, Z., Zhao, X. -Y., Zhao, Y., and Zheng, S. -J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The second brightest GRB in history, GRB230307A provides an ideal laboratory to study the details of GRB prompt emission thanks to its extraordinarily high photon statistics and its single broad pulse overall shape characterized by an energy-dependent fast-rise-exponential-decay (FRED) profile. Here we demonstrate that its broad pulse is composed of many rapidly variable short pulses, rather than being the superposition of many short pulses on top of a slow component. Such a feature is consistent with the picture of many mini-jets due to local magnetic reconnection events in a large emission zone far from the GRB central engine, as envisaged in the internal-collision-induced magnetic reconnection and turbulence (ICMART) model, but raises a great challenge to the internal shock models that attribute all variability components to collisions among different shells. Since relativistic mini-jets demand strong magnetization in the outflow, this work provides strong evidence for a Poynting-flux-dominated jet composition of this bright GRB., Comment: 7 pages and 2 figures in the main text. 27 pages and 9 figures in total
Published: 2023

30. PEARLS: JWST counterparts of micro-Jy radio sources in the Time Domain Field

Author: Willner, S. P., Gim, H. B., Polletta, M. del Carmen, Cohen, S. H., Willmer, C. N. A., Zhao, X., D'Silva, J. C. J., Jansen, R. A., Koekemoer, A. M., Summers, J., Windhorst, R. A., Coe, D., Conselice, C. J., Driver, S. P., Frye, B., Grogin, N. A., Marshall, M. A., Nonino, M., Ortiz III, R., Pirzkal, N., Robotham, A., Rutkowski, M. J., Ryan, Jr., R. E., Tompkins, S., Yan, H., Hammel, H. B., Milam, S. N., Adams, N. J., Beacom, J. F., Bhatawdekar, R., Cheng, C., Civano, F., Cotton, W., Hyun, M., Kikuta, S., Nyland, K. E., Peters, W. M., Petric, A., Röttgering, H. J. A., Shimwell, T., and Yun, M. S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The Time Domain Field (TDF) near the North Ecliptic Pole in JWST's continuous-viewing zone will become a premier "blank field" for extragalactic science. JWST/NIRCam data in a 16 arcmin$^2$ portion of the TDF identify 4.4 $\mu$m counterparts for 62 of 63 3 GHz sources with S(3 GHz) > 5 {\mu}Jy. The one unidentified radio source may be a lobe of a nearby Seyfert galaxy, or it may be an infrared-faint radio source. The bulk properties of the radio-host galaxies are consistent with those found by previous work: redshifts range from 0.14 to 4.4 with a median redshift of 1.33. The radio emission arises primarily from star formation in $\sim 2/3$ of the sample and from an active galactic nucleus in $\sim 1/3$, but just over half the sample shows evidence for an AGN either in the spectral energy distribution or by radio excess. All but three counterparts are brighter than magnitude 23 AB at 4.4 $\mu$m, and the exquisite resolution of JWST identifies correct counterparts for sources for which observations with lower angular resolution would mis-identify a nearby bright source as the counterpart when the correct one is faint and red. Up to 11% of counterparts might have been unidentified or misidentified absent NIRCam observations., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. V2 adds an author and some acknowledgments inadvertently omitted
Published: 2023

31. Dynamics Reflects Quantum Phase Transition of Rabi Model

Author: Li, M., Wang, Y. N., Song, Z. Y., Zhao, Y. M., Zhao, X. L., and Ma, H. Y.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: As the simplest and most fundamental model describing the interaction between light and matter, a breakdown in the rotating wave approximation of the Rabi model leads to phase transition versus coupling strength when the frequency of the qubit greatly surpasses that of the oscillator. Besides the phase transition revealed in the ground state, we show that the dynamics of physical quantities can reflect such a phase transition for this model. In addition to the excitation of the bosonic field in the ground state, we show that the witness of inseparability (entanglement), mutual information, quantum Fisher information, and the variance of cavity quadrature can be employed to detect the phase transition in quench. We also reveal the negative impact of temperature on checking the phase transition by quench. This model can be implemented using trapped ions, superconducting artificial atoms coupled bosonic modes, and quantum simulations. By reflecting the phase transition in a fundamental quantum optics model without imposing the thermodynamic limit, this work offers an idea to explore phase transitions by non-equilibrium process for open quantum systems.
Published: 2023

32. PEARLS: Near Infrared Photometry in the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time Domain Field

Author: Willmer, Christopher N. A., Ly, Chun, Kikuta, Satoshi, Kattner, S. A., Jansen, Rolf A., Cohen, Seth H., Windhorst, Rogier A., Smail, Ian, Tompkins, Scott, Beacom, John F., Cheng, Cheng, Conselice, Christopher J., Frye, Brenda L., Koekemoer, Anton M., Hathi, Nimish, Hyun, Minhee, Im, Myungshin, Willner, S. P., Zhao, X., Brisken, Walter A., Civano, F., Cotton, William, Hasinger, Guenther, Maksym, W. Peter, Rieke, Marcia J., and Grogin, Norman A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We present Near-Infrared (NIR) ground-based Y, J, H, and K imaging obtained in the James Webb Space Telescope North Ecliptic Pole Time Domain Field (TDF) using the MMT-Magellan Infrared Imager and Spectrometer (MMIRS) on the MMT.These new observations cover a field of approximately 230 arcmin^2 in Y, H, and K and 313 arcmin^2 in J. Using Monte Carlo simulations we estimate a 1 sigma depth relative to the background sky of (Y, J, H, K}) = (23.80, 23.53, 23.13, 23.28) in AB magnitudes for point sources at a 95% completeness level. These observations are part of the ground-based effort to characterize this region of the sky, supplementing space-based data obtained with Chandra, NuSTAR, XMM, AstroSat, HST, and JWST. This paper describes the observations and reduction of the NIR imaging and combines these NIR data with archival imaging in the visible, obtained with the Subaru Hyper-Suprime-Cam, to produce a merged catalog of 57,501 sources. The new observations reported here, plus the corresponding multi-wavelength catalog, will provide a baseline for time-domain studies of bright sources in the TDF., Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJS. Images and catalogs available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7934393. Data description available under ancillary files and at the Zenodo site. Added a reference, fixed typos in metadata
Published: 2023

33. Measurements of the $\nu_{\mu}$ and $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$-induced Coherent Charged Pion Production Cross Sections on $^{12}C$ by the T2K experiment

Author: Abe, K., Akhlaq, N., Akutsu, R., Ali, A., Monsalve, S. Alonso, Alt, C., Andreopoulos, C., Antonova, M., Aoki, S., Arihara, T., Asada, Y., Ashida, Y., Atkin, E. T., Barbi, M., Barker, G. J., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M., Berardi, V., Berns, L., Bhadra, S., Blanchet, A., Blondel, A., Bolognesi, S., Bonus, T., Bordoni, S., Boyd, S. B., Bravar, A., Bronner, C., Bron, S., Bubak, A., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Caballero, J. A., Calabria, N. F., Cao, S., Carabadjac, D., Carter, A. J., Cartwright, S. L., Casado, M. P., Catanesi, M. G., Cervera, A., Chakrani, J., Cherdack, D., Chong, P. S., Christodoulou, G., Chvirova, A., Cicerchia, M., Coleman, J., Collazuol, G., Cook, L., Cudd, A., Dalmazzone, C., Daret, T., Davydov, Yu. I., De Roeck, A., De Rosa, G., Dealtry, T., Delogu, C. C., Densham, C., Dergacheva, A., Di Lodovico, F., Dolan, S., Douqa, D., Doyle, T. A., Drapier, O., Dumarchez, J., Dunne, P., Dygnarowicz, K., Eguchi, A., Emery-Schrenk, S., Erofeev, G., Ershova, A., Eurin, G., Fedorova, D., Fedotov, S., Feltre, M., Finch, A. J., Aguirre, G. A. Fiorentini, Fiorillo, G., Fitton, M. D., Patiño, J. M. Franco, Friend, M., Fujii, Y., Fukuda, Y., Furui, Y., Giannessi, L., Giganti, C., Glagolev, V., Gonin, M., Rosa, J. González, Goodman, E. A. G., Gorin, A., Grassi, M., Guigue, M., Hadley, D. R., Haigh, J. T., Hamacher-Baumann, P., Harris, D. A., Hartz, M., Hasegawa, T., Hassani, S., Hastings, N. C., Hayato, Y., Henaff, D., Hogan, M., Holeczek, J., Holin, A., Holvey, T., Van, N. T. Hong, Honjo, T., Ichikawa, A. K., Ikeda, M., Ishida, T., Ishitsuka, M., Israel, H. T., Izmaylov, A., Jakkapu, M., Jamieson, B., Jenkins, S. J., Jesús-Valls, C., Jiang, J. J., Ji, J. Y., Jonsson, P., Joshi, S., Jung, C. K., Jurj, P. B., Kabirnezhad, M., Kaboth, A. C., Kajita, T., Kakuno, H., Kameda, J., Kasetti, S. P., Kataoka, Y., Katori, T., Kawaue, M., Kearns, E., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., King, S., Kiseeva, V., Kisiel, J., Kobayashi, H., Kobayashi, T., Koch, L., Kodama, S., Konaka, A., Kormos, L. L., Koshio, Y., Koto, T., Kowalik, K., Kudenko, Y., Kudo, Y., Kuribayashi, S., Kurjata, R., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., La Commara, M., Labarga, L., Lachner, K., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., James, M. Lamers, Lamoureux, M., Langella, A., Laporte, J. -F., Last, D., Latham, N., Laveder, M., Lavitola, L., Lawe, M., Lee, Y., Lin, C., Lin, S. -K., Litchfield, R. P., Liu, S. L., Li, W., Longhin, A., Long, K. R., Moreno, A. Lopez, Ludovici, L., Lu, X., Lux, T., Machado, L. N., Magaletti, L., Mahn, K., Malek, M., Mandal, M., Manly, S., Marino, A. D., Marti-Magro, L., Martin, D. G. R., Martini, M., Martin, J. F., Maruyama, T., Matsubara, T., Matveev, V., Mauger, C., Mavrokoridis, K., Mazzucato, E., McCauley, N., McElwee, J., McFarland, K. S., McGrew, C., McKean, J., Mefodiev, A., Megias, G. D., Mehta, P., Mellet, L., Metelko, C., Mezzetto, M., Miller, E., Minamino, A., Mineev, O., Mine, S., Miura, M., Bueno, L. Molina, Moriyama, S., Morrison, P., Mueller, Th. A., Munford, D., Munteanu, L., Nagai, K., Nagai, Y., Nakadaira, T., Nakagiri, K., Nakahata, M., Nakajima, Y., Nakamura, A., Nakamura, H., Nakamura, K., Nakamura, K. D., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, S., Nakaya, T., Nakayoshi, K., Naseby, C. E. R., Ngoc, T. V., Nguyen, V. Q., Niewczas, K., Nishimori, S., Nishimura, Y., Nishizaki, K., Nosek, T., Nova, F., Novella, P., Nugent, J. C., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, L., Odagawa, T., Okinaga, W., Okumura, K., Okusawa, T., Ospina, N., Oyama, Y., Palladino, V., Paolone, V., Pari, M., Parlone, J., Pasternak, J., Pavin, M., Payne, D., Penn, G. C., Pershey, D., Pickering, L., Pidcott, C., Pintaudi, G., Pistillo, C., Popov, B., Porwit, K., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Prabhu, Y. S., Pupilli, F., Quilain, B., Radermacher, T., Radicioni, E., Radics, B., Ramírez, M. A., Ratoff, P. N., Reh, M., Riccio, C., Rondio, E., Roth, S., Roy, N., Rubbia, A., Ruggeri, A. C., Ruggles, C. A., Rychter, A., Sakashita, K., Sánchez, F., Schloesser, C. M., Scholberg, K., Scott, M., Seiya, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sekiya, H., Sgalaberna, D., Shaikhiev, A., Shaker, F., Shiozawa, M., Shorrock, W., Shvartsman, A., Skrobova, N., Skwarczynski, K., Smyczek, D., Smy, M., Sobczyk, J. T., Sobel, H., Soler, F. J. P., Sonoda, Y., Speers, A. J., Spina, R., Suslov, I. A., Suvorov, S., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, S. Y., Suzuki, Y., Tada, M., Tairafune, S., Takayasu, S., Takeda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Takifuji, K., Tanaka, H. K., Tani, M., Teklu, A., Tereshchenko, V. V., Thamm, N., Thompson, L. F., Toki, W., Touramanis, C., Towstego, T., Tsui, K. M., Tsukamoto, T., Tzanov, M., Uchida, Y., Vagins, M., Vargas, D., Varghese, M., Vasseur, G., Vilela, C., Villa, E., Vinning, W. G. S., Virginet, U., Vladisavljevic, T., Wachala, T., Walsh, J. G., Wang, Y., Wan, L., Wark, D., Wascko, M. O., Weber, A., Wendell, R., Wilking, M. J., Wilkinson, C., Wilson, J. R., Wood, K., Wret, C., Xia, J., Xu, Y. -h., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T., Yanagisawa, C., Yang, G., Yano, T., Yasutome, K., Yershov, N., Yevarouskaya, U., Yokoyama, M., Yoshimoto, Y., Yoshimura, N., Yu, M., Zaki, R., Zalewska, A., Zalipska, J., Zaremba, K., Zarnecki, G., Zhao, X., Zhu, T., Ziembicki, M., Zimmerman, E. D., Zito, M., and Zsoldos, S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report an updated measurement of the $\nu_{\mu}$-induced, and the first measurement of the $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$-induced coherent charged pion production cross section on $^{12}C$ nuclei in the T2K experiment. This is measured in a restricted region of the final-state phase space for which $p_{\mu,\pi} > 0.2$ GeV, $\cos(\theta_{\mu}) > 0.8$ and $\cos(\theta_{\pi}) > 0.6$, and at a mean (anti)neutrino energy of 0.85 GeV using the T2K near detector. The measured $\nu_{\mu}$ CC coherent pion production flux-averaged cross section on $^{12}C$ is $(2.98 \pm 0.37 (stat.) \pm 0.31 (syst.) \substack{ +0.49 \\ -0.00 } \mathrm{ (Q^2\,model)}) \times 10^{-40}~\mathrm{cm}^{2}$. The new measurement of the $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$-induced cross section on $^{12}{C}$ is $(3.05 \pm 0.71 (stat.) \pm 0.39 (syst.) \substack{ +0.74 \\ -0.00 } \mathrm{(Q^2\,model)}) \times 10^{-40}~\mathrm{cm}^{2}$. The results are compatible with both the NEUT 5.4.0 Berger-Sehgal (2009) and GENIE 2.8.0 Rein-Sehgal (2007) model predictions.
Published: 2023

34. Manipulate Quantum Emission by Interface States between Multi-component Moir\'e Lattice and Metasurface

Author: Liu, Z. N., Zhao, X. Q., Zhao, Y. L., Zhu, S. N., and Liu, H.
Subjects: Physics - Optics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract: In recent years, moir\'e lattice has become a hot topic and inspired the research upsurge of moir\'e lattice. In this work, we propose a method of constructing a multi-composite moir\'e lattice, which is composed of over three periodic component structures. Moreover, we propose the moir\'e lattice-metasurface structure, which can realize the multi-wavelength interface states between these kinds of moir\'e lattices and metasurfaces. The wavelength, polarization, and number of moir\'e interface states can be manipulated flexibly, with anisotropic metasurfaces. These multi-wavelength interface states are employed to enhance quantum emission (QE) and over 20 times QE efficiency can be obtained., Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2023
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35. The First GECAM Observation Results on Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes and Terrestrial Electron Beams

Author: Zhao, Y., Liu, J. C., Xiong, S. L., Xue, W. C., Yi, Q. B., Lu, G. P., Xu, W., Lyu, F. C., Sun, J. C., Peng, W. X., Zheng, C., Zhang, Y. Q., Cai, C., Xiao, S., Xie, S. L., Wang, C. W., Tan, W. J., An, Z. H., Chen, G., Du, Y. Q., Huang, Y., Gao, M., Gong, K., Guo, D. Y., He, J. J., Li, B., Li, G., Li, X. Q., Li, X. B., Liao, J. Y., Liang, J., Liang, X. H., Liu, Y. Q., Ma, X., Qiao, R., Song, L. M., Song, X. Y., Sun, X. L., Wang, J., Wang, J. Z., Wang, P., Wen, X. Y., Wu, H., Xu, Y. B., Yang, S., Zhang, B. X., Zhang, D. L., Zhang, F., Zhang, P., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, Z., Zhao, X. Y., Zheng, S. J., Zhang, K. K., Han, X. B., Wu, H. Y., Hu, T., Geng, H., Zhang, H. B., Lu, F. J., Zhang, S. N., and Yu, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Gravitational-wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) is a space-borne instrument dedicated to monitoring high-energy transients, including Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) and Terrestrial Electron Beams (TEBs). We implemented a TGF/TEB search algorithm for GECAM, with which 147 bright TGFs, 2 typical TEBs and 2 special TEB-like events are identified during an effective observation time of $\sim$9 months. We show that, with gamma-ray and charged particle detectors, GECAM can effectively identify and distinguish TGFs and TEBs, and measure their temporal and spectral properties in detail. A very high TGF-lightning association rate of $\sim$80\% is obtained between GECAM and GLD360 in east Asia region., Comment: The paper was accepted by Geophysical Research Letters on June 16th, 2023
Published: 2023
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36. Reducing construction noise: sound masking effect on soundscape dominated by construction noise

Author: Wu, Z. F. and Zhao, X. Q.
Published: 2024
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37. Claudin 18.2 expression in digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms: a clinicopathological study

Author: Jiang, K., Cao, F., Yin, L., Hu, Y., Zhao, X., Huang, X., Ma, X., Li, J., Lu, M., and Sun, Y.
Published: 2024
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38. Synthesis and Characterization of Aliphatic PPhNHPPh-Type Iron-Containing Complexes

Author: Zhao, X., Qi, W., Li, H., Wang, Z., Wang, L., Ai, F., and Li, L.
Published: 2024
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39. Updated T2K measurements of muon neutrino and antineutrino disappearance using 3.6 $\times$ 10$^{21}$ protons on target

Author: Abe, K., Akhlaq, N., Akutsu, R., Alarakia-Charles, H., Ali, A., Hakim, Y. I. Alj, Monsalve, S. Alonso, Alt, C., Andreopoulos, C., Antonova, M., Aoki, S., Arihara, T., Asada, Y., Ashida, Y., Atkin, E. T., Barbi, M., Barker, G. J., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M., Bench, F., Berardi, V., Berns, L., Bhadra, S., Blanchet, A., Blondel, A., Bolognesi, S., Bonus, T., Bordoni, S., Boyd, S. B., Bravar, A., Bronner, C., Bron, S., Bubak, A., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Caballero, J. A., Calabria, N. F., Cao, S., Carabadjac, D., Carter, A. J., Cartwright, S. L., Casado, M. P., Catanesi, M. G., Cervera, A., Chakrani, J., Cherdack, D., Chong, P. S., Christodoulou, G., Chvirova, A., Cicerchia, M., Coleman, J., Collazuol, G., Cook, L., Cudd, A., Dalmazzone, C., Daret, T., Dasgupta, P., Davydov, Yu. I., De Roeck, A., De Rosa, G., Dealtry, T., Delogu, C. C., Densham, C., Dergacheva, A., Di Lodovico, F., Dolan, S., Douqa, D., Doyle, T. A., Drapier, O., Dumarchez, J., Dunne, P., Dygnarowicz, K., Eguchi, A., Emery-Schrenk, S., Erofeev, G., Ershova, A., Eurin, G., Fedorova, D., Fedotov, S., Feltre, M., Finch, A. J., Aguirre, G. A. Fiorentini, Fiorillo, G., Fitton, M. D., Patiño, J. M. Franco, Friend, M., Fujii, Y., Fukuda, Y., Furui, Y., Fusshoeller, K., Giannessi, L., Giganti, C., Glagolev, V., Gonin, M., Rosa, J. González, Goodman, E. A. G., Gorin, A., Grassi, M., Guigue, M., Hadley, D. R., Haigh, J. T., Hamacher-Baumann, P., Harris, D. A., Hartz, M., Hasegawa, T., Hassani, S., Hastings, N. C., Hayato, Y., Henaff, D., Hiramoto, A., Hogan, M., Holeczek, J., Holin, A., Holvey, T., Van, N. T. Hong, Honjo, T., Iacob, F., Ichikawa, A. K., Ikeda, M., Ishida, T., Ishitsuka, M., Israel, H. T., Iwamoto, K., Izmaylov, A., Izumi, N., Jakkapu, M., Jamieson, B., Jenkins, S. J., Jesús-Valls, C., Jiang, J. J., Ji, J. Y., Jonsson, P., Joshi, S., Jung, C. K., Jurj, P. B., Kabirnezhad, M., Kaboth, A. C., Kajita, T., Kakuno, H., Kameda, J., Kasetti, S. P., Kataoka, Y., Katayama, Y., Katori, T., Kawaue, M., Kearns, E., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., Kikutani, H., King, S., Kiseeva, V., Kisiel, J., Kobata, T., Kobayashi, H., Kobayashi, T., Koch, L., Kodama, S., Konaka, A., Kormos, L. L., Koshio, Y., Kostin, A., Koto, T., Kowalik, K., Kudenko, Y., Kudo, Y., Kuribayashi, S., Kurjata, R., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., La Commara, M., Labarga, L., Lachner, K., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., James, M. Lamers, Lamoureux, M., Langella, A., Laporte, J. -F., Last, D., Latham, N., Laveder, M., Lavitola, L., Lawe, M., Lee, Y., Lin, C., Lin, S. -K., Litchfield, R. P., Liu, S. L., Li, W., Longhin, A., Long, K. R., Moreno, A. Lopez, Ludovici, L., Lu, X., Lux, T., Machado, L. N., Magaletti, L., Mahn, K., Malek, M., Mandal, M., Manly, S., Marino, A. D., Marti-Magro, L., Martin, D. G. R., Martini, M., Martin, J. F., Maruyama, T., Matsubara, T., Matveev, V., Mauger, C., Mavrokoridis, K., Mazzucato, E., McCauley, N., McElwee, J., McFarland, K. S., McGrew, C., McKean, J., Mefodiev, A., Megias, G. D., Mehta, P., Mellet, L., Metelko, C., Mezzetto, M., Miller, E., Minamino, A., Mineev, O., Mine, S., Miura, M., Bueno, L. Molina, Moriyama, S., Morrison, P., Mueller, Th. A., Munford, D., Munteanu, L., Nagai, K., Nagai, Y., Nakadaira, T., Nakagiri, K., Nakahata, M., Nakajima, Y., Nakamura, A., Nakamura, H., Nakamura, K., Nakamura, K. D., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, S., Nakaya, T., Nakayoshi, K., Naseby, C. E. R., Ngoc, T. V., Nguyen, V. Q., Niewczas, K., Nishimori, S., Nishimura, Y., Nishizaki, K., Nosek, T., Nova, F., Novella, P., Nugent, J. C., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, L., Odagawa, T., Ogawa, T., Okada, R., Okinaga, W., Okumura, K., Okusawa, T., Ospina, N., Osu, L., Owen, R. A., Oyama, Y., Palladino, V., Paolone, V., Pari, M., Parlone, J., Parsa, S., Pasternak, J., Pavin, M., Payne, D., Penn, G. C., Pershey, D., Pickering, L., Pidcott, C., Pintaudi, G., Pistillo, C., Popov, B., Yrey, A. J. Portocarrero, Porwit, K., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Prabhu, Y. S., Pupilli, F., Quilain, B., Radermacher, T., Radicioni, E., Radics, B., Ramírez, M. A., Ratoff, P. N., Reh, M., Riccio, C., Rondio, E., Roth, S., Roy, N., Rubbia, A., Ruggeri, A. C., Ruggles, C. A., Rychter, A., Sakashita, K., Sánchez, F., Santucci, G., Schefke, T., Schloesser, C. M., Scholberg, K., Scott, M., Seiya, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sekiya, H., Sgalaberna, D., Shaikhiev, A., Shaker, F., Shiozawa, M., Shorrock, W., Shvartsman, A., Skrobova, N., Skwarczynski, K., Smyczek, D., Smy, M., Sobczyk, J. T., Sobel, H., Soler, F. J. P., Sonoda, Y., Speers, A. J., Spina, R., Suslov, I. A., Suvorov, S., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, S. Y., Suzuki, Y., Sztuc, A. A., Tada, M., Tairafune, S., Takayasu, S., Takeda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Takifuji, K., Tanaka, H. K., Tanigawa, H., Tanihara, Y., Tani, M., Teklu, A., Tereshchenko, V. V., Teshima, N., Thamm, N., Thompson, L. F., Toki, W., Touramanis, C., Towstego, T., Tsui, K. M., Tsukamoto, T., Tzanov, M., Uchida, Y., Vagins, M., Vargas, D., Varghese, M., Vasseur, G., Vilela, C., Villa, E., Vinning, W. G. S., Virginet, U., Vladisavljevic, T., Wachala, T., Wakabayashi, D., Walsh, J. G., Wang, Y., Wan, L., Wark, D., Wascko, M. O., Weber, A., Wendell, R., Wilking, M. J., Wilkinson, C., Wilson, J. R., Wood, K., Wret, C., Xia, J., Xu, Y. -h., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T., Yanagisawa, C., Yang, G., Yano, T., Yasutome, K., Yershov, N., Yevarouskaya, U., Yokoyama, M., Yoshimoto, Y., Yoshimura, N., Yu, M., Zaki, R., Zalewska, A., Zalipska, J., Zaremba, K., Zarnecki, G., Zhao, X., Zhu, T., Ziembicki, M., Zimmerman, E. D., Zito, M., and Zsoldos, S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Muon neutrino and antineutrino disappearance probabilities are identical in the standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation framework, but CPT violation and non-standard interactions can violate this symmetry. In this work we report the measurements of $\sin^{2} \theta_{23}$ and $\Delta m_{32}^2$ independently for neutrinos and antineutrinos. The aforementioned symmetry violation would manifest as an inconsistency in the neutrino and antineutrino oscillation parameters. The analysis discussed here uses a total of 1.97$\times$10$^{21}$ and 1.63$\times$10$^{21}$ protons on target taken with a neutrino and antineutrino beam respectively, and benefits from improved flux and cross-section models, new near detector samples and more than double the data reducing the overall uncertainty of the result. No significant deviation is observed, consistent with the standard neutrino oscillation picture.
Published: 2023

40. Designing a Transition Photonic Band with a Synthetic Moire Sphere

Author: Liu, Z. N., Zhao, X. Q., Yao, J., Zhang, C., Xu, J. L., Zhu, S. N., and Liu, H.
Subjects: Physics - Optics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract: In recent years, twisted bilayer graphene has become a hot topic and inspired the research upsurge of photonic moir\'e lattice. Here, we designed a photonic moir\'e superlattice with two synthetic twist angles and constructed a synthetic moir\'e sphere based on these two angles. Thus, we have more degrees of freedom to design the band structure flexibly. A type of transition photonic bands (TPBs) is obtained in such a moir\'e superlattice. We investigate the influence of two twist angles on TPBs and find a series of magic angle pairs with optimal band compression of TPB. The interesting optical properties of TPBs are experimentally demonstrated, including pulse delay, nonlinear optical enhancement, and pulse width compression. Our work introduces a new path to explore multi-twist angles moir\'e superlattices and reveals that the designed photonic moir\'e superlattice based on moir\'e spheres has broad application prospects including optical signal processing, nonlinear optics processes ,and other light-matter interactions.
Published: 2023
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41. Measurement of the cosmic p+He energy spectrum from 50 GeV to 0.5 PeV with the DAMPE space mission

Author: DAMPE Collaboration, Alemanno, F., Altomare, C., An, Q., Azzarello, P., Barbato, F. C. T., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cagnoli, I., Cai, M. S., Casilli, E., Catanzani, E., Chang, J., Chen, D. Y., Chen, J. L., Chen, Z. F., Coppin, P., Cui, M. Y., Cui, T. S., Cui, Y. X., Dai, H. T., De Benedittis, A., De Mitri, I., de Palma, F., Deliyergiyev, M., Di Giovanni, A., Di Santo, M., Ding, Q., Dong, T. K., Dong, Z. X., Donvito, G., Droz, D., Duan, J. L., Duan, K. K., Fan, R. R., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, F., Fang, K., Feng, C. Q., Feng, L., Alonso, M. Fernandez, Frieden, J. M., Fusco, P., Gao, M., Gargano, F., Gong, K., Gong, Y. Z., Guo, D. Y., Guo, J. H., Han, S. X., Hu, Y. M., Huang, G. S., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y. Y., Ionica, M., Jiang, L. Y., Jiang, Y. Z., Jiang, W., Kong, J., Kotenko, A., Kyratzis, D., Lei, S. J., Li, W. H., Li, W. L., Li, X., Li, X. Q., Liang, Y. M., Liu, C. M., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, S. B., Liu, Y., Loparco, F., Luo, C. N., Ma, M., Ma, P. X., Ma, T., Ma, X. Y., Marsella, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mo, D., Salinas, M. Muñoz, Niu, X. Y., Pan, X., Parenti, A., Peng, W. X., Peng, X. Y., Perrina, C., Putti-Garcia, E., Qiao, R., Rao, J. N., Ruina, A., Shangguan, Z., Shen, W. H., Shen, Z. Q., Shen, Z. T., Silveri, L., Song, J. X., Stolpovskiy, M., Su, H., Su, M., Sun, H. R., Sun, Z. Y., Surdo, A., Teng, X. J., Tykhonov, A., Wang, J. Z., Wang, L. G., Wang, S., Wang, S. X., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. Z., Wang, Z. M., Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. F., Wu, D., Wu, J., Wu, L. B., Wu, S. S., Wu, X., Xia, Z. Q., Xu, H. T., Xu, J., Xu, Z. H., Xu, Z. L., Xu, E. H., Xu, Z. Z., Xue, G. F., Yang, H. B., Yang, P., Yang, Y. Q., Yao, H. J., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, G. W., Yuan, Q., Yue, C., Zang, J. J., Zhang, S. X., Zhang, W. Z., Zhang, Yan, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Y. J., Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, Y. P., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, H. Y., Zhao, X. F., Zhou, C. Y., and Zhu, Y.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Recent observations of the light component of the cosmic-ray spectrum have revealed unexpected features that motivate further and more precise measurements up to the highest energies. The Dark Matter Particle Explorer is a satellite-based cosmic-ray experiment that has been operational since December 2015, continuously collecting data on high-energy cosmic particles with very good statistics, energy resolution, and particle identification capabilities. In this work, the latest measurements of the energy spectrum of proton+helium in the energy range from 46 GeV to 464 TeV are presented. Among the most distinctive features of the spectrum, a spectral hardening at 600 GeV has been observed, along with a softening at 29 TeV measured with a 6.6{\sigma} significance. Moreover, the detector features and the analysis approach allowed for the extension of the spectral measurement up to the sub-PeV region. Even if with small statistical significance due to the low number of events, data suggest a new spectral hardening at about 150 TeV., Comment: Published on PRD
Published: 2023
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42. First measurement of muon neutrino charged-current interactions on hydrocarbon without pions in the final state using multiple detectors with correlated energy spectra at T2K

Author: Abe, K., Akhlaq, N., Akutsu, R., Alarakia-Charles, H., Ali, A., Hakim, Y. I. Alj, Monsalve, S. Alonso, Alt, C., Andreopoulos, C., Antonova, M., Aoki, S., Arihara, T., Asada, Y., Ashida, Y., Atkin, E. T., Barbi, M., Barker, G. J., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M., Bench, F., Berardi, V., Berns, L., Bhadra, S., Blanchet, A., Blondel, A., Bolognesi, S., Bonus, T., Bordoni, S., Boyd, S. B., Bravar, A., Bronner, C., Bron, S., Bubak, A., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Caballero, J. A., Calabria, N. F., Cao, S., Carabadjac, D., Carter, A. J., Cartwright, S. L., Casado, M. P., Catanesi, M. G., Cervera, A., Chakrani, J., Cherdack, D., Chong, P. S., Christodoulou, G., Chvirova, A., Cicerchia, M., Coleman, J., Collazuol, G., Cook, L., Cudd, A., Dalmazzone, C., Daret, T., Dasgupta, P., Davydov, Yu. I., De Roeck, A., De Rosa, G., Dealtry, T., Delogu, C. C., Densham, C., Dergacheva, A., Di Lodovico, F., Dolan, S., Douqa, D., Doyle, T. A., Drapier, O., Dumarchez, J., Dunne, P., Dygnarowicz, K., Eguchi, A., Emery-Schrenk, S., Erofeev, G., Ershova, A., Eurin, G., Fedorova, D., Fedotov, S., Feltre, M., Finch, A. J., Aguirre, G. A. Fiorentini, Fiorillo, G., Fitton, M. D., Patiño, J. M. Franco, Friend, M., Fujii, Y., Fukuda, Y., Furui, Y., Fusshoeller, K., Giannessi, L., Giganti, C., Glagolev, V., Gonin, M., Rosa, J. González, Goodman, E. A. G., Gorin, A., Grassi, M., Guigue, M., Hadley, D. R., Haigh, J. T., Hamacher-Baumann, P., Harris, D. A., Hartz, M., Hasegawa, T., Hassani, S., Hastings, N. C., Hayato, Y., Henaff, D., Hiramoto, A., Hogan, M., Holeczek, J., Holin, A., Holvey, T., Van, N. T. Hong, Honjo, T., Iacob, F., Ichikawa, A. K., Ikeda, M., Ishida, T., Ishitsuka, M., Israel, H. T., Izmaylov, A., Izumi, N., Jakkapu, M., Jamieson, B., Jenkins, S. J., Jesús-Valls, C., Jiang, J. J., Ji, J. Y., Jonsson, P., Joshi, S., Jung, C. K., Jurj, P. B., Kabirnezhad, M., Kaboth, A. C., Kajita, T., Kakuno, H., Kameda, J., Kasetti, S. P., Kataoka, Y., Katori, T., Kawaue, M., Kearns, E., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., King, S., Kiseeva, V., Kisiel, J., Kobata, T., Kobayashi, H., Kobayashi, T., Koch, L., Kodama, S., Konaka, A., Kormos, L. L., Koshio, Y., Kostin, A., Koto, T., Kowalik, K., Kudenko, Y., Kudo, Y., Kuribayashi, S., Kurjata, R., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., La Commara, M., Labarga, L., Lachner, K., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., James, M. Lamers, Lamoureux, M., Langella, A., Laporte, J. -F., Last, D., Latham, N., Laveder, M., Lavitola, L., Lawe, M., Lee, Y., Lin, C., Lin, S. -K., Litchfield, R. P., Liu, S. L., Li, W., Longhin, A., Long, K. R., Moreno, A. Lopez, Ludovici, L., Lu, X., Lux, T., Machado, L. N., Magaletti, L., Mahn, K., Malek, M., Mandal, M., Manly, S., Marino, A. D., Marti-Magro, L., Martin, D. G. R., Martini, M., Martin, J. F., Maruyama, T., Matsubara, T., Matveev, V., Mauger, C., Mavrokoridis, K., Mazzucato, E., McCauley, N., McElwee, J., McFarland, K. S., McGrew, C., McKean, J., Mefodiev, A., Megias, G. D., Mehta, P., Mellet, L., Metelko, C., Mezzetto, M., Miller, E., Minamino, A., Mineev, O., Mine, S., Miura, M., Bueno, L. Molina, Moriyama, S., Morrison, P., Mueller, Th. A., Munford, D., Munteanu, L., Nagai, K., Nagai, Y., Nakadaira, T., Nakagiri, K., Nakahata, M., Nakajima, Y., Nakamura, A., Nakamura, H., Nakamura, K., Nakamura, K. D., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, S., Nakaya, T., Nakayoshi, K., Naseby, C. E. R., Ngoc, T. V., Nguyen, V. Q., Niewczas, K., Nishimori, S., Nishimura, Y., Nishizaki, K., Nosek, T., Nova, F., Novella, P., Nugent, J. C., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, L., Odagawa, T., Ogawa, T., Okinaga, W., Okumura, K., Okusawa, T., Ospina, N., Osu, L., Owen, R. A., Oyama, Y., Palladino, V., Paolone, V., Pari, M., Parlone, J., Parsa, S., Pasternak, J., Pavin, M., Payne, D., Penn, G. C., Pershey, D., Pickering, L., Pidcott, C., Pintaudi, G., Pistillo, C., Popov, B., Yrey, A. J. Portocarrero, Porwit, K., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Prabhu, Y. S., Pupilli, F., Quilain, B., Radermacher, T., Radicioni, E., Radics, B., Ramírez, M. A., Ratoff, P. N., Reh, M., Riccio, C., Rondio, E., Roth, S., Roy, N., Rubbia, A., Ruggeri, A. C., Ruggles, C. A., Rychter, A., Sakashita, K., Sánchez, F., Santucci, G., Schefke, T., Schloesser, C. M., Scholberg, K., Scott, M., Seiya, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sekiya, H., Sgalaberna, D., Shaikhiev, A., Shaker, F., Shiozawa, M., Shorrock, W., Shvartsman, A., Skrobova, N., Skwarczynski, K., Smyczek, D., Smy, M., Sobczyk, J. T., Sobel, H., Soler, F. J. P., Sonoda, Y., Speers, A. J., Spina, R., Suslov, I. A., Suvorov, S., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, S. Y., Suzuki, Y., Sztuc, A. A., Tada, M., Tairafune, S., Takayasu, S., Takeda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Takifuji, K., Tanaka, H. K., Tanigawa, H., Tani, M., Teklu, A., Tereshchenko, V. V., Teshima, N., Thamm, N., Thompson, L. F., Toki, W., Touramanis, C., Towstego, T., Tsui, K. M., Tsukamoto, T., Tzanov, M., Uchida, Y., Vagins, M., Vargas, D., Varghese, M., Vasseur, G., Vilela, C., Villa, E., Vinning, W. G. S., Virginet, U., Vladisavljevic, T., Wachala, T., Wakabayashi, D., Walsh, J. G., Wang, Y., Wan, L., Wark, D., Wascko, M. O., Weber, A., Wendell, R., Wilking, M. J., Wilkinson, C., Wilson, J. R., Wood, K., Wret, C., Xia, J., Xu, Y. -h., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T., Yanagisawa, C., Yang, G., Yano, T., Yasutome, K., Yershov, N., Yevarouskaya, U., Yokoyama, M., Yoshimoto, Y., Yoshimura, N., Yu, M., Zaki, R., Zalewska, A., Zalipska, J., Zaremba, K., Zarnecki, G., Zhao, X., Zhu, T., Ziembicki, M., Zimmerman, E. D., Zito, M., and Zsoldos, S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This paper reports the first measurement of muon neutrino charged-current interactions without pions in the final state using multiple detectors with correlated energy spectra at T2K. The data was collected on hydrocarbon targets using the off-axis T2K near detector (ND280) and the on-axis T2K near detector (INGRID) with neutrino energy spectra peaked at 0.6 GeV and 1.1 GeV respectively. The correlated neutrino flux presents an opportunity to reduce the impact of the flux uncertainty and to study the energy dependence of neutrino interactions. The extracted double-differential cross sections are compared to several Monte Carlo neutrino-nucleus interaction event generators showing the agreement between both detectors individually and with the correlated result., Comment: Updated discussion in Sec. V-A; Updated author list
Published: 2023
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43. Measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters from the T2K experiment using $3.6\times10^{21}$ protons on target

Author: The T2K Collaboration, Abe, K., Akhlaq, N., Akutsu, R., Ali, A., Monsalve, S. Alonso, Alt, C., Andreopoulos, C., Antonova, M., Aoki, S., Arihara, T., Asada, Y., Ashida, Y., Atkin, E. T., Barbi, M., Barker, G. J., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M., Bench, F., Berardi, V., Berns, L., Bhadra, S., Blanchet, A., Blondel, A., Bolognesi, S., Bonus, T., Bordoni, S., Boyd, S. B., Bravar, A., Bronner, C., Bron, S., Bubak, A., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Caballero, J. A., Calabria, N. F., Cao, S., Carabadjac, D., Carter, A. J., Cartwright, S. L., Catanesi, M. G., Cervera, A., Chakrani, J., Cherdack, D., Chong, P. S., Christodoulou, G., Chvirova, A., Cicerchia, M., Coleman, J., Collazuol, G., Cook, L., Cudd, A., Dalmazzone, C., Daret, T., Davydov, Yu. I., De Roeck, A., De Rosa, G., Dealtry, T., Delogu, C. C., Densham, C., Dergacheva, A., Di Lodovico, F., Dolan, S., Douqa, D., Doyle, T. A., Drapier, O., Dumarchez, J., Dunne, P., Dygnarowicz, K., Eguchi, A., Emery-Schrenk, S., Erofeev, G., Ershova, A., Eurin, G., Fedorova, D., Fedotov, S., Feltre, M., Finch, A. J., Aguirre, G. A. Fiorentini, Fiorillo, G., Fitton, M. D., Patiño, J. M. Franco, Friend, M., Fujii, Y., Fukuda, Y., Fusshoeller, K., Giannessi, L., Giganti, C., Glagolev, V., Gonin, M., Rosa, J. González, Goodman, E. A. G., Gorin, A., Grassi, M., Guigue, M., Hadley, D. R., Haigh, J. T., Hamacher-Baumann, P., Harris, D. A., Hartz, M., Hasegawa, T., Hassani, S., Hastings, N. C., Hayato, Y., Henaff, D., Hiramoto, A., Hogan, M., Holeczek, J., Holin, A., Holvey, T., Van, N. T. Hong, Honjo, T., Iacob, F., Ichikawa, A. K., Ikeda, M., Ishida, T., Ishitsuka, M., Israel, H. T., Iwamoto, K., Izmaylov, A., Izumi, N., Jakkapu, M., Jamieson, B., Jenkins, S. J., Jesús-Valls, C., Jiang, J. J., Jonsson, P., Joshi, S., Jung, C. K., Jurj, P. B., Kabirnezhad, M., Kaboth, A. C., Kajita, T., Kakuno, H., Kameda, J., Kasetti, S. P., Kataoka, Y., Katayama, Y., Katori, T., Kawaue, M., Kearns, E., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., Kikutani, H., King, S., Kiseeva, V., Kisiel, J., Kobata, T., Kobayashi, H., Kobayashi, T., Koch, L., Kodama, S., Konaka, A., Kormos, L. L., Koshio, Y., Kostin, A., Koto, T., Kowalik, K., Kudenko, Y., Kudo, Y., Kuribayashi, S., Kurjata, R., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., La Commara, M., Labarga, L., Lachner, K., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., James, M. Lamers, Lamoureux, M., Langella, A., Laporte, J. -F., Last, D., Latham, N., Laveder, M., Lavitola, L., Lawe, M., Lee, Y., Lin, C., Lin, S. -K., Litchfield, R. P., Liu, S. L., Li, W., Longhin, A., Long, K. R., Moreno, A. Lopez, Ludovici, L., Lu, X., Lux, T., Machado, L. N., Magaletti, L., Mahn, K., Malek, M., Mandal, M., Manly, S., Marino, A. D., Marti-Magro, L., Martin, D. G. R., Martini, M., Martin, J. F., Maruyama, T., Matsubara, T., Matveev, V., Mauger, C., Mavrokoridis, K., Mazzucato, E., McCauley, N., McElwee, J., McFarland, K. S., McGrew, C., McKean, J., Mefodiev, A., Megias, G. D., Mehta, P., Mellet, L., Metelko, C., Mezzetto, M., Miller, E., Minamino, A., Mineev, O., Mine, S., Miura, M., Bueno, L. Molina, Moriyama, S., Morrison, P., Mueller, Th. A., Munford, D., Munteanu, L., Nagai, K., Nagai, Y., Nakadaira, T., Nakagiri, K., Nakahata, M., Nakajima, Y., Nakamura, A., Nakamura, H., Nakamura, K., Nakamura, K. D., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, S., Nakaya, T., Nakayoshi, K., Naseby, C. E. R., Ngoc, T. V., Nguyen, V. Q., Niewczas, K., Nishimori, S., Nishimura, Y., Nishizaki, K., Nosek, T., Nova, F., Novella, P., Nugent, J. C., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, L., Odagawa, T., Ogawa, T., Okada, R., Okinaga, W., Okumura, K., Okusawa, T., Ospina, N., Owen, R. A., Oyama, Y., Palladino, V., Paolone, V., Pari, M., Parlone, J., Parsa, S., Pasternak, J., Pavin, M., Payne, D., Penn, G. C., Pershey, D., Pickering, L., Pidcott, C., Pintaudi, G., Pistillo, C., Popov, B., Porwit, K., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Prabhu, Y. S., Pupilli, F., Quilain, B., Radermacher, T., Radicioni, E., Radics, B., Ramírez, M. A., Ratoff, P. N., Reh, M., Riccio, C., Rondio, E., Roth, S., Roy, N., Rubbia, A., Ruggeri, A. C., Ruggles, C. A., Rychter, A., Sakashita, K., Sánchez, F., Santucci, G., Schloesser, C. M., Scholberg, K., Scott, M., Seiya, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sekiya, H., Sgalaberna, D., Shaikhiev, A., Shaker, F., Shaykina, A., Shiozawa, M., Shorrock, W., Shvartsman, A., Skrobova, N., Skwarczynski, K., Smyczek, D., Smy, M., Sobczyk, J. T., Sobel, H., Soler, F. J. P., Sonoda, Y., Speers, A. J., Spina, R., Suslov, I. A., Suvorov, S., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, S. Y., Suzuki, Y., Sztuc, A. A., Tada, M., Tairafune, S., Takayasu, S., Takeda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Takifuji, K., Tanaka, H. K., Tanihara, Y., Tani, M., Teklu, A., Tereshchenko, V. V., Teshima, N., Thamm, N., Thompson, L. F., Toki, W., Touramanis, C., Towstego, T., Tsui, K. M., Tsukamoto, T., Tzanov, M., Uchida, Y., Vagins, M., Vargas, D., Varghese, M., Vasseur, G., Vilela, C., Villa, E., Vinning, W. G. S., Virginet, U., Vladisavljevic, T., Wachala, T., Walsh, J. G., Wang, Y., Wan, L., Wark, D., Wascko, M. O., Weber, A., Wendell, R., Wilking, M. J., Wilkinson, C., Wilson, J. R., Wood, K., Wret, C., Xia, J., Xu, Y. -h., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T., Yanagisawa, C., Yang, G., Yano, T., Yasutome, K., Yershov, N., Yevarouskaya, U., Yokoyama, M., Yoshimoto, Y., Yoshimura, N., Yu, M., Zaki, R., Zalewska, A., Zalipska, J., Zaremba, K., Zarnecki, G., Zhao, X., Zhu, T., Ziembicki, M., Zimmerman, E. D., Zito, M., and Zsoldos, S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The T2K experiment presents new measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using $19.7(16.3)\times10^{20}$ protons on target (POT) in (anti-)neutrino mode at the far detector (FD). Compared to the previous analysis, an additional $4.7\times10^{20}$ POT neutrino data was collected at the FD. Significant improvements were made to the analysis methodology, with the near-detector analysis introducing new selections and using more than double the data. Additionally, this is the first T2K oscillation analysis to use NA61/SHINE data on a replica of the T2K target to tune the neutrino flux model, and the neutrino interaction model was improved to include new nuclear effects and calculations. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses are presented, including results on $\sin^2\theta_{13}$ and the impact of priors on the $\delta_\mathrm{CP}$ measurement. Both analyses prefer the normal mass ordering and upper octant of $\sin^2\theta_{23}$ with a nearly maximally CP-violating phase. Assuming the normal ordering and using the constraint on $\sin^2\theta_{13}$ from reactors, $\sin^2\theta_{23}=0.561^{+0.021}_{-0.032}$ using Feldman--Cousins corrected intervals, and $\Delta{}m^2_{32}=2.494_{-0.058}^{+0.041}\times10^{-3}~\mathrm{eV^2}$ using constant $\Delta\chi^{2}$ intervals. The CP-violating phase is constrained to $\delta_\mathrm{CP}=-1.97_{-0.70}^{+0.97}$ using Feldman--Cousins corrected intervals, and $\delta_\mathrm{CP}=0,\pi$ is excluded at more than 90% confidence level. A Jarlskog invariant of zero is excluded at more than $2\sigma$ credible level using a flat prior in $\delta_\mathrm{CP}$, and just below $2\sigma$ using a flat prior in $\sin\delta_\mathrm{CP}$. When the external constraint on $\sin^2\theta_{13}$ is removed, $\sin^2\theta_{13}=28.0^{+2.8}_{-6.5}\times10^{-3}$, in agreement with measurements from reactor experiments. These results are consistent with previous T2K analyses.
Published: 2023
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44. Low-temperature specific heat and heat transport of Tb$_2$Ti$_{2-x}$Zr$_x$O$_7$ single crystals

Author: Che, H. L., Li, S. J., Wu, J. C., Li, N., Guang, S. K., Xia, K., Yue, X. Y., Wang, Y. Y., Zhao, X., Li, Q. J., and Sun, X. F.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: We report a study on the specific heat and heat transport of Tb$_2$Ti$_{2-x}$Zr$_x$O$_7$ ($x =$ 0, 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4) single crystals at low temperatures and in high magnetic fields. The magnetic specific heat can be described by the Schottky contribution from the crystal-electric-field (CEF) levels of Tb$^{3+}$, with introducing Gaussian distributions of the energy split of the ground-state doublet and the gap between the ground state and first excited level. These crystals has an extremely low phonon thermal conductivity in a broad temperature range that can be attributed to the scattering by the magnetic excitations, which are mainly associated with the CEF levels. There is strong magnetic field dependence of thermal conductivity, which is more likely related to the field-induced changes of phonon scattering by the CEF levels than magnetic transitions or spin excitations. For magnetic field along the [111] direction, there is large thermal Hall conductivity at low temperatures which displays a broad peak around 8 T. At high fields up to 14 T, the thermal Hall conductivity decreases to zero, which supports its origin from either the spinon transport or the phonon skew scattering by CEF levels. The thermal Hall effect is rather robust with Zr doping up to 0.2 but is strongly weakened in higher Zr-doped sample., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Published: 2023
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45. GRANDMA and HXMT Observations of GRB 221009A -- the Standard-Luminosity Afterglow of a Hyper-Luminous Gamma-Ray Burst

Author: Kann, D. A., Agayeva, S., Aivazyan, V., Alishov, S., Andrade, C. M., Antier, S., Baransky, A., Bendjoya, P., Benkhaldoun, Z., Beradze, S., Berezin, D., Boër, M., Broens, E., Brunier, S., Bulla, M., Burkhonov, O., Burns, E., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. P., Conti, M., Coughlin, M. W., Cui, W. W., Daigne, F., Delaveau, B., Devillepoix, H. A. R., Dietrich, T., Dornic, D., Dubois, F., Ducoin, J. -G., Durand, E., Duverne, P. -A., Eggenstein, H. -B., Ehgamberdiev, S., Fouad, A., Freeberg, M., Froebrich, D., Ge, M. Y., Gervasoni, S., Godunova, V., Gokuldass, P., Gurbanov, E., Han, D. W., Hasanov, E., Hello, P., Hussenot-Desenonges, T., Inasaridze, R., Iskandar, A., Ismailov, N., Janati, A., Laz, T. Jegou du, Jia, S. M., Karpov, S., Kaeouach, A., Kiendrebeogo, R. W., Klotz, A., Kneip, R., Kochiashvili, N., Kunert, N., Lekic, A., Leonini, S., Li, C. K., Li, W., Li, X. B., Liao, J. Y., Logie, L., Lu, F. J., Mao, J., Marchais, D., Ménard, R., Morris, D., Natsvlishvili, R., Nedora, V., Noonan, K., Noysena, K., Orange, N. B., Pang, P. T. H., Peng, H. W., Pellouin, C., Peloton, J., Pradier, T., Pyshna, O., Rajabo, Y., Rau, S., Rinner, C., Rivet, J. -P., Romanov, F. D., Rosi, P., Rupchandani, V. A., Serrau, M., Shokry, A., Simon, A., Smith, K., Sokoliuk, O., Soliman, M., Song, L. M., Takey, A., Tillayev, Y., Ramirez, L. M. Tinjaca, Melo, I. Tosta e, Turpin, D., Postigo, A. de Ugarte, Vanaverbeke, S., Vasylenko, V., Vernet, D., Vidadi, Z., Wang, C., Wang, J., Wang, L. T., Wang, X. F., Xiong, Shaolin L., Xu, Y. P., Xue, W. C., Zeng, X., Zhang, S. N., Zhao, H. S., and Zhao, X. F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: GRB 221009A is the brightest Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) detected in more than 50 years of study. In this paper, we present observations in the X-ray and optical domains after the GRB obtained by the GRANDMA Collaboration (which includes observations from more than 30 professional and amateur telescopes) and the Insight-HXMT Collaboration. We study the optical afterglow with empirical fitting from GRANDMA+HXMT data, augmented with data from the literature up to 60 days. We then model numerically, using a Bayesian approach, the GRANDMA and HXMT-LE afterglow observations, that we augment with Swift-XRT and additional optical/NIR observations reported in the literature. We find that the GRB afterglow, extinguished by a large dust column, is most likely behind a combination of a large Milky-Way dust column combined with moderate low-metallicity dust in the host galaxy. Using the GRANDMA+HXMT-LE+XRT dataset, we find that the simplest model, where the observed afterglow is produced by synchrotron radiation at the forward external shock during the deceleration of a top-hat relativistic jet by a uniform medium, fits the multi-wavelength observations only moderately well, with a tension between the observed temporal and spectral evolution. This tension is confirmed when using the extended dataset. We find that the consideration of a jet structure (Gaussian or power-law), the inclusion of synchrotron self-Compton emission, or the presence of an underlying supernova do not improve the predictions, showing that the modelling of GRB22109A will require going beyond the most standard GRB afterglow model. Placed in the global context of GRB optical afterglows, we find the afterglow of GRB 221009A is luminous but not extraordinarily so, highlighting that some aspects of this GRB do not deviate from the global known sample despite its extreme energetics and the peculiar afterglow evolution., Comment: Accepted to ApJL for the special issue, 37 pages, 23 pages main text, 6 tables, 13 figures
Published: 2023
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46. Hydrogen Column Density Variability in a Sample of Local Compton-Thin AGN

Author: Torres-Albà, N., Marchesi, S., Zhao, X., Cox, I., Pizzetti, A., Ajello, M., and Silver, R.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the analysis of multiepoch observations of a set of 12 variable, Compton-thin, local (z<0.1) active galactic nuclei (AGN) selected from the 100-month BAT catalog. We analyze all available X-ray data from \chandra, \xmm, and \nustar, adding up to a total of 53 individual observations. This corresponds to between 3 and 7 observations per source, probing variability timescales between a few days and $\sim 20$~yr. All sources have at least one \nustar observation, ensuring high-energy coverage, which allows us to disentangle the line-of-sight and reflection components in the X-ray spectra. For each source, we model all available spectra simultaneously, using the physical torus models \myt, \bor, and \uxc. The simultaneous fitting, along with the high-energy coverage, allows us to place tight constraints on torus parameters such as the torus covering factor, inclination angle, and average column density. We also estimate the line-of-sight column density ($N_{\rm H}$) for each individual observation. Within the 12 sources, we detect clear line-of-sight $N_{\rm H}$ variability in 5, non-variability in 5, and for 2 of them it is not possible to fully disentangle intrinsic-luminosity and $N_{\rm H}$ variability. We observe large differences between the average values of line-of-sight $N_{\rm H}$ (or $N_{\rm H}$ of the obscurer) and the average $N_{\rm H}$ of the torus (or $N_{\rm H}$ of the reflector), for each source, by a factor between $\sim2$ to $>100$. This behavior, which suggests a physical disconnect between the absorber and the reflector, is more extreme in sources that present $N_{\rm H}$ variability. $N_{\rm H}$-variable AGN also tend to present larger obscuration and broader cloud distributions than their non-variable counterparts. We observe that large changes in obscuration only occur at long timescales, and use this to place tentative lower limits on torus cloud sizes., Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, 3 Appendix (19 pages, 2 figures, 11 tables). Submitted to A&A
Published: 2023
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47. Metasurface-enhanced mid-infrared spectrochemical imaging of tissues

Author: Rosas, S., Schoeller, K. A., Chang, E., Mei, H., Kats, M. A., Eliceiri, K. W., Zhao, X., and Yesilkoy, F.
Subjects: Physics - Optics, Quantitative Biology - Tissues and Organs
Abstract: Label-free and nondestructive mid-infrared vibrational hyperspectral imaging is emerging as an important ex-vivo tissue analysis tool, providing spatially resolved biochemical information critical to understanding physiological and pathological processes. However, the chemically complex and spatially heterogeneous composition of tissue specimens and the inherently weak interaction of infrared light with biomolecules limit the analytical performance of infrared absorption spectroscopy. Here, we introduce an advanced mid-infrared spectrochemical tissue imaging modality using metasurfaces that support strong surface-localized electromagnetic fields to capture quantitative molecular maps of large-area murine brain-tissue sections. Our approach leverages polarization-multiplexed multi-resonance plasmonic metasurfaces to simultaneously detect many different functional biomolecules. The resulting surface-enhanced mid-infrared spectral imaging (SE-MIRSI) method eliminates the non-specific effects of bulk tissue morphology on the quantitative analysis of fingerprint spectra and improves the chemical selectivity. We show that the metasurface enhancement increases the retrieval of amide I and II absorption bands associated with secondary structures of proteins. Moreover, we demonstrate that plasmonic metasurfaces enhance the chemical contrast in infrared images and enable the detection of ultrathin tissue regions that are not otherwise visible to conventional mid-infrared spectral imaging. While we tested our approach on murine brain tissue sections, this chemical imaging method is well-suited for any tissue type, which significantly broadens the potential impacts of our method for both translational research and clinical histopathology.
Published: 2023

48. Additive manufacturing of inorganic scintillator-based particle detectors

Author: Sibilieva, T., Alekseev, V., Barsuk, S., Berns, S., Boillat, E., Boiaryntseva, I., Boyarintsev, A., Carbone, A., De Roeck, A., Dolan, S., Driuk, T., Gendotti, A., Gerasymov, I., Grynyov, B., Hugon, S., Kose, U., Opolonin, O., Rubbia, A., Sgalaberna, D., Sibilyev, N., Tretyak, S., Weber, T., Wuthrich, J., and Zhao, X. Y.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Inorganic scintillators are widely used for scientific, industrial and medical applications. The development of 3D printing with inorganic scintillators would allow fast creation of detector prototypes for registration of ionizing radiation, such as alpha and beta, gamma particles in thin layers of active material and soft X-ray radiation. This article reports on the technical work and scientific achievements that aimed at developing a new inorganic scintillation filament to be used for the 3D printing of composite scintillator materials: study and definition of the scintillator composition; development of the methods for the inorganic scintillator filament production and further implementation in the available 3D printing technologies; study of impact of the different 3D printing modes on the material scintillation characteristics. Also, 3D printed scintillators can be used for creation of combined detectors for high-energy physics., Comment: 14 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2022

49. Health Monitoring Fatigue Properties of Solder Interconnects in LED Drivers

Author: Du, L., Zhao, X., Poelma, R. H., van Driel, W. D., Zhang, G. Q., van Driel, Willem Dirk, editor, Pressel, Klaus, editor, and Soyturk, Mujdat, editor
Published: 2024
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50. Analysis of Aerodynamic Trim and Rotor/Propeller/Wing Interference Characteristics for High-Speed Composite Helicopter in Hover

Author: Huang, L.-Y., Zhao, X., Wen, L., Li, J., He, S., Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Tan, Kay Chen, Series Editor, and Fu, Song, editor
Published: 2024
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