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Teng-Yue Zhao,1,2 Bing-Jie Wang,3 Jiang Liu,1 Chu Liu,1 Ji-Qiang Bu,1 Yu Liu,1 Fang Yan,1 Wen-Li Zhang,1 Zi-Ying Chen,1 Yu-Ming Wu2 1Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Zi-Ying Chen, Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 of Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15803210520, Email ziyingchenorg@126.com Yu-Ming Wu, Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 of Zhong Shan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8631186261288, Email wuym@hebmu.edu.cnObjective: The employment of the no-touch technique in harvesting the great saphenous vein (GSV) for coronary artery bypass grafting has been associated with a significant improvement in clinical patency rates. Despite these advantages, such grafts may predispose patients to complications in the lower limbs. This study endeavors to evaluate the incidence of complications in the lower extremities by deploying an enhanced protocol for the no-touch harvesting technique.Methods: The historical control group in this study included patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with the no-touch technique for GSV harvesting at our institution from August 2018 to April 2020, in compliance with ethical standards. The intervention group consisted of patients who received CABG and were subjected to an optimized no-touch technique for GSV harvesting from May 2020 to June 2022. Technical modifications were applied to reduce lower limb complications, including limited use of electrocautery, minimization of extravascular tissue preservation, relaxation of postoperative elastic compression bandages, and elevation of the lower extremities. These measures aimed to decrease the incidence of postoperative lower limb complications, such as pain, numbness, edema, exudation, and delayed healing. The occurrences of postoperative complications were meticulously documented, compared, and analyzed between the two groups.Results: The adoption of the optimized no-touch technique resulted in a significant decrease in the incidence of postoperative lower extremity incisional complications among patients subjected to off-pump CABG (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study substantiate that the application of an optimized no-touch technique to harvest the GSV significantly diminishes the incidence of postoperative lower limb complications in patients receiving CABG. These results highlight the importance of adopting and integrating this optimized technique into clinical protocols, emphasizing its critical role in advancing patient care outcomes.Keywords: historical controlled study, lower limb complications, no-touch great saphenous vein, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, propensity score matching

Teng-Yue Zhao,* Ji-Qiang Bu,* Jian-Jun Gu, Yu Liu, Wen-Li Zhang, Zi-Ying Chen Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zi-Ying ChenDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 15803210520Fax +86 3116188269Email chenzy_de@163.comObjective: This study aimed to examine the short-term effect of the no-touch technique on the patency rate of a great saphenous vein (GSV) bridge used during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).Methods: Between June 2018 and September 2020, 140 patients undergoing OPCABG, with grafts obtained from the GSV using the “no-touch” technique or the left internal mammary artery (LIMA), were enrolled in this study. The early clinical results and short-term patency rate of the OPCABG were evaluated at a three-month follow-up by comparing the patency rate of the LIMA bridge and the GSV bridge obtained by the no-touch technique. This study also analyzed the impacts of the postoperative complications of the lower limbs and the distribution area of diseased vessels on the patency rate of a GSV bridge obtained by the no-touch technique at an early stage.Results: No perioperative death or adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events occurred in the 140 patients undergoing OPCABG. The difference in the early patency rate between the GSV bridge obtained by the no-touch technique and the LIMA bridge was not statistically significant (95.9% vs 97.1%, p = 0.501). There was no significant difference in the patency rate between an end-to-side anastomosed venous bridge and a LIMA bridge (95.0% [248/261] vs 97.1% [136/140], p = 0.314). The overall patency rate of a no-touch vein bridge in the right coronary artery region was lower than it was in the left coronary artery region (93.8% [165/176] vs 97.9% [183/187], p = 0.049).Conclusion: The no-touch technique may improve the early patency rate of a GSV bridge, and its effect is similar to that of a LIMA bridge.Keywords: off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, no-touch technique, great saphenous vein, left internal mammary artery

Objective: To investigate the effect and safety of transradial stent angioplasty using double guide wires for severe stenosis of vertebral artery ostium at a lower location., Methods: Patients with severe stenosis of the vertebral artery ostium at a lower location treated with transradial stent angioplasty were retrospectively enrolled. All the clinical and endovascular treatment data were analyzed., Results: Thirty-nine patients were enrolled. A low location of the vertebral artery ostium was present in 33 (84.6%) patients and an ultra-low location in 6 (15.4%). Transradial stent angioplasty was performed in all patients. In one patient who had a tortuous radial artery, the transradial access was failed. In the other 38 (97.4%) patients, transradial stent angioplasty was all successful. The sharp angle formed between the vertebral artery and the subclavian artery was significantly (P < 0.0001) increased from 15° to 65° (36° ± 11°) before to 70-125° (90° ± 17°) after insertion of a support guide wire. No damage was found in all support guide wires. Thirty-nine stents were deployed, and the preoperative stenosis rate of 70%-98% (85% ± 13%) was significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased to 0-25% (16%) immediately after stenting. Six-12 months after surgery, 29 (74.4% or 29/39) patients were followed up with imaging, and 9 (31.0%) patients experienced in-stent restenosis, with endovascular retreatment being performed in 3 (33.3%) patients., Conclusions: Transradial stent angioplasty using double guide wires is safe and effective for the treatment of severe stenosis of the vertebral artery ostium at a lower location even though more studies are necessary to confirm this., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Evidence regarding the link between long-term ambient ozone (O 3 ) exposure and childhood sleep disorders is little. This study aims to examine the associations between long-term exposure to O 3 and sleep disorders in children. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey, including 185,428 children aged 6-18 years in 173 schools across 14 Chinese cities during 2012 and 2018. Parents or guardians completed a checklist using Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, and O 3 exposure at residential and school addresses was estimated using a satellite-based spatiotemporal model. We used generalized linear mixed models to test the associations with adjustment for factors including socio-demographic variables, lifestyle, meteorology and multiple pollutants. Mean concentrations of O 3 , particulate matter with diameters ≤2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) were 89.0 μg/m 3 , 42.5 μg/m 3 and 34.4 μg/m 3 , respectively. O 3 and NO 2 concentrations were similar among provinces, while PM 2.5 concentration varied significantly among provinces. Overall, 19.4% of children had at least one sleep disorder. Long-term exposure to O 3 was positively associated with odds of sleep disorders for all subtypes. For example, each interquartile increment in home-school O 3 concentrations was associated with a higher odds ratio for global sleep disorder, at 1.22 (95% confidence interval: 1.18, 1.26). Similar associations were observed for sleep disorder subtypes. The associations remained similar after adjustment for PM 2.5 and NO 2 . Moreover, these associations were heterogeneous regionally, with more prominent associations among children residing in southeast region than in northeast and northwest regions in China. We concluded that long-term exposure to O 3 is positively associated with risks of childhood sleep disorders. These associations varied by geographical region of China., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

To investigate the effect and safety of recanalization of stenosed or occluded venous sinuses for dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) and possible mechanism of DAVF formation, patients with DAVF accompanied by venous sinus stenosis or occlusion treated with balloon angioplasty and/or stenting were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical data, treatment outcomes and complications were analyzed. In 7 patients enrolled, the DAVF was Cognard IIa grade in 3 (42.9% or 3/7) and IIa + b in 4 (57.1% or 4/7) patients, including complex DAVFs in 2 (28.6% or 2/7). The angioplasty procedure was successful in all (100%) patients, including complete cure in 3 (42.9% or 3/7) patients with the initial Cognard grade IIa, transformation from Cognard grade IIa + b to I in 2 (28.6% or 2/7) patients, and unchanged Cognard grade IIa + b in 2 (28.6% or 2/7) patients. The symptoms were all improved. At 3-month angiographic follow-up, 5 (71.4% or 5/7) cases were cured, whereas 2 cases still had grade I fistulas but no clinical symptoms. Staged embolization in 2 patients resulted in significant symptom improvement. At the last follow-up of a median 4 years, no clinical symptoms were present in 5 (71.4% or 5/7) patients, intermittent headache in 1 (14.3% or 1/7), and death from trauma in 1 (14.3% or 1/7). In conclusion, endovascular recanalization of occluded or stenosed venous sinuses using balloon angioplasty and stenting is able to induce occlusion of DAVFs and is a safe and efficient treatment approach for DAVFs which are possibly caused by significant pressure increase., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Background: Aedes albopictus is an important vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. Insecticides are often the most effective tools for rapidly decreasing the density of vector populations, especially during arbovirus disease outbreaks. However, the intense use of insecticides, particularly pyrethroids, has led to the selection of resistant mosquito populations worldwide. Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene are one of the main drivers of insecticide resistance in Ae. albopictus and are also known as "knockdown resistance" (kdr) mutations. Knowledge about genetic mutations associated with insecticide resistance is a prerequisite for developing techniques for rapid resistance diagnosis. Here, we report studies on the origin and dispersion of kdr haplotypes in samples of Ae. albopictus from the Yangtze River Basin, China; METHODS: Here, we report the results of PCR genotyping of kdr mutations in 541 Ae. albopictus specimens from 22 sampling sites in 7 provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River Basin. Partial DNA sequences of domain II and domain III of the VGSC gene were amplified. These DNA fragments were subsequently sequenced to discover the possible genetic mutations mediating knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids. The frequency and distribution of kdr mutations were assessed in 22 Ae. albopictus populations. Phylogenetic relationships among the haplotypes were used to infer whether the kdr mutations had a single or multiple origins; RESULTS: The kdr mutation at the 1016 locus had 2 alleles with 3 genotypes: V/V (73.38%), V/G (26.43%) and G/G (0.18%). The 1016G homozygous mutation was found in only one case in the CQSL strain in Chongqing, and no 1016G mutations were detected in the SHJD (Shanghai), NJDX (Jiangsu) or HBQN (Hubei) strains. A total of 1532 locus had two alleles and three genotypes, I/I (88.35%), I/T (8.50%) and T/T (3.14%). A total of 1534 locus had four alleles and six genotypes: F/F (49.35%), F/S (19.96%), F/C (1.48%) and F/L (0.18%); S/S (23.66%); and C/C (5.36%). Haplotypes with the F1534C mutation were found only in Ae. albopictus populations in Chongqing and Hubei, and C1534C was found only in three geographic strains in Chongqing. Haplotypes with the 1534S mutation were found only in Ae. albopictus populations in Sichuan and Shanghai. F1534L was found only in HBYC. The Ae. albopictus populations in Shanghai were more genetically differentiated from those in the other regions (except Sichuan), and the genetic differentiation between the populations in Chongqing and those in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Huber, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, and Anhui) was lower. Shanghai and Sichuan displayed low haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison revealed that the 1016 locus was divided into three branches, with the Clade A and Clade B branches bearing the 1016 mutation occurring mostly in Jiangsu and the Clade C branch bearing the 1016 mutation occurring mostly in Chongqing, suggesting at least two origins for 1016G. IIIS6 phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison revealed that F1534S, F1534C and I1532T can be divided into two branches, indicating that IIIS6 has two origins; CONCLUSIONS: Combined with the distribution of kdr mutations and the analysis of population genetics, we infer that besides the local selection of pyrethroid resistance mutations, dispersal and colonization of Ae. albopictus from other regions may explain why kdr mutations are present in some Ae. albopictus populations in the Yangtze River Basin., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Materials with well-defined surfaces are drawing increased attention for the design of bespoke catalysts and nanomaterials. Gaining a detailed understanding of the surfaces of these materials is an important challenge, which is often complicated by surface polymorphism and dynamic restructuring. We introduce the use of surface-enhanced NMR spectroscopy for the observation of such surfaces, focusing on LaScO 3 as an example. We show that double-resonance NMR experiments correlating surface oxygen and probe molecules to the 139 La and 45 Sc nuclei at the surface reveal the material to be terminated by a ScO x monolayer. Surface-selective 17 O and 45 Sc NMR experiments further showed the material to be hydroxyl terminated and that the surface may be prone to dynamic restructuring as a result of moisture exposure. Perhaps most interestingly, surface-selective 139 La NMR experiments revealed the existence of previously undetected surface lanthanum defects, suggesting that surface-enhanced NMR may be useful as a guide in the synthesis of defect-free surfaces in the design of various nanomaterials.

Objectives: Evidence on the link between long-term ambient particulate matter (PM) exposures and childhood sleep disorders were scarce. We examined the associations between long-term exposures to PM 2.5 and PM 1 (PM with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter <2.5 μm and <1 μm, respectively) with sleep disorders in children., Methods: We performed a population-based cross-sectional survey in 177,263 children aged 6 to 18 years in 14 Chinese cities during 2012-2018. A satellite-based spatiotemporal model was employed to estimate four-year annual average PM 2.5 and PM 1 exposures at residential and school addresses. Parents or guardians completed a checklist using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. We estimated the associations using generalized linear mixed models with adjustment for characteristics of children, parents, and indoor environments., Results: Long-term PM 2.5 and PM 1 exposures were positively associated with odds of sleep disorders for almost all domains. For example, increments in PM 2.5 and PM 1 per 10 μg/m 3 were associated with odds ratios of global sleep disorder of 1.24 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.14, 1.35) and 1.31 (95 %CI: 1.18, 1.46), respectively. Similar results were observed for subtypes of sleep disorder. These associations were heterogeneous regionally, with stronger associations among children residing in southeast region than in northeast and northwest regions. Moreover, larger estimates of PM 1 were found than that of PM 2.5 in southeast region., Conclusion: Long-term PM 2.5 and PM 1 exposures are independently associated with higher risks of childhood sleep disorders, and these associations vary by geographical region., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Dexmedetomidine has been used as a sedative drug in the clinic for a long time. Many studies demonstrated that the sedative mechanism of dexmedetomidine might be related to the activation of α2-adrenoceptor (α2AR). In addition, it was reported that dexmedetomidine had some affinity for the I1-imidazoline receptor (I1R); however, the role of I1R in dexmedetomidine-induced sedative effects and its possible mechanism are poorly studied. In the present study, we found that agmatine, an I1R agonist, was able to enhance the sedative effect of dexmedetomidine in mice. Efaroxan, an α2AR and I1R antagonist, could prevent and rescue the sedative action of dexmedetomidine in mice, and its preventive effect was better than atipamezole, the specific α2AR antagonist. Knockout of imidazoline receptor antisera-selected (IRAS), the functional I1R candidate protein, suppressed the dexmedetomidine-induced sedation. Moreover, IRAS knockout led to the inhibition of agmatine and efaroxan in regulating dexmedetomidine-induced sedative effects in mice, but not of atipamezole. We then used CHO cell lines that stably expressed α2AR and IRAS to investigate the possible molecular mechanism of IRAS in regulating the dexmedetomidine-induced sedative effect. The results showed that IRAS expression significantly up-regulated dexmedetomidine-induced ERK phosphorylation, which was enhanced by agmatine and inhibited by efaroxan at low concentrations. Therefore, by taking advantage of pharmacological and genetic approaches, our finding revealed the evidence that IRAS plays an important role in the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine, and the ERK signal pathway may be involved in the mechanism of IRAS in regulating dexmedetomidine-induced sedation. This study may offer valuable insights for the advancement of novel anesthetic adjuvants., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease with a spatial distribution that is linked to geo-environmental factors. The spatial distribution of JE cases and correlated geo-environmental factors were investigated in two critical counties in southern and northern China. Based on maps, enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) remote sensing datasets from Landsat and spatial datasets of JE cases, spatial distribution and spatial cluster analyses of JE cases at the village scale were performed by using the standard deviational ellipse and Ripleys K-function. Global and regional spatial cluster analyses of JE cases were also performed by using Moran's index. Regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships between geo-environmental characteristics and the risk of JE cases. At the study sites, the JE cases were not spatially clustered at the village or district (global) level, whereas there was a spatial cluster at the district (local) level. Diversity-related features for JE patients at the district and village levels were detected at two sites. In the southern counties, the distance of a village from a road was related to the village-level JE risk (OR: 0.530, 95 CI: 0.297-0.947, P = 0.032), and the number of township-level JE cases was linked to the distance of the district center from the road (R =-0.467, P = 0.025) and road length (R = 0.516, P = 0.012) in the administrative area. In northern China, the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) in the 5 km buffer around the village was related to village-level JE risk (OR: 0.702, 95% CI: 0.524-0.940, P = 0.018), and the number of township-level JE cases was related to the MNDWI in the administrative region (R =-0.522, P = 0.038). This study elucidates the spatial distribution patterns of JE cases and risk, as well as correlated geo-environmental features, at various spatial scales. This study will significantly assist the JE control efforts of the local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which is the base-level CDC, particularly concerning the allocation of medicine and medical staff, the development of immunological plans, and the allocation of pesticides and other control measures for the mosquito vectors of JE., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

To investigate the effect and safety of percutaneous endovascular angioplasty (PEA) with optional stenting for the treatment of severe stenosis or occlusion of subclavian artery, patients with severe stenosis ≥ 70% or occlusion of subclavian artery treated with PEA were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical data were analyzed. A total of 222 patients were retrospectively enrolled, including 151 males (68.0%) and 71 females (32.0%) aged 48-86 (mean 63.9 ± 9.0) years. Forty-seven (21.2%) patients had comorbidities. Subclavian artery stenosis ≥ 70% was present in 201 (90.5%) patients and complete subclavian occlusion in 21 (9.5%) cases. Angioplasty was successfully performed in all (100%) patients. Balloon-expandable stents were used in 190 (85.6%) cases, and self-expandable stents in 20 (9.0%) cases. Only 12 (5.4%) cases were treated with balloon dilation only. Among 210 patients treated with stent angioplasty, 71 (33.8% or 71/210) cases underwent balloon pre-dilation, 139 (66.2% or 139/210) had direct deployment of balloon-expandable stents, and 2 (1.0% or 2/210) experienced balloon post-dilation. Distal embolization protection devices were used in 5 (2.3% or 5/222) cases. Periprocedural complications occurred in 3 (1.4%) patients, including aortic dissection in 2 (0.9%) cases and right middle cerebral artery embolism in 1 (0.5%). No hemorrhage occurred. Among 182 (82.0%) patients with 6-month follow-up, restenosis > 70% occurred in 1 (0.5%) patient, and among 68 (30.6%) patients with 12-month follow-up, restenosis > 70% took place in 11 (16.2%) patients. Percutaneous endovascular angioplasty can be safely and efficiently performed for the treatment of severe stenosis ≥ 70% or occlusion of subclavian artery., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Construction of spin-crossover (SCO) materials is very appealing for applications such as molecular switches and information storage. This study focuses on the design of Fe(II) complexes using N , N '-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine-based ligands with an N4 structure for SCO material development. By incorporating para -substituted benzene groups into the ligand's pyridine moiety, two polymorphs, α and β, were obtained, both exhibiting SCO activity. Notably, the β polymorph displayed a spin crossover temperature of 270 K, which is approaching room temperature. Structural analyses were conducted to compare the differences between the polymorphs, along with a literature review of related complexes, providing insights into the characteristics of SCO behavior.

To investigate the significance of atherosclerotic plaque location in hybrid surgery comprising both endovascular recanalization approaches and carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic atherosclerotic non-acute long-segment occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA), 162 patients were enrolled, including 120 (74.1%) patients in the proximal plaque group and 42 (25.9%) in the distal plaque group. Surgical recanalization was performed in all patients, with successful recanalization in 119 (99.2%) patients in the proximal and 39 (92.9%) in the distal plaque group. The total successful recanalization rate was 97.5% (158/162) with a failure rate of 2.5% (4/162). Periprocedural complications occurred in 5 (4.2% or 5/120) patients in the proximal plaque group, including neck infection in two (1.7%), recurrent nerve injury in 1 (0.8%), and laryngeal edema in 2 (1.7%), and 2 (4.8%) in the distal plaque group, including femoral puncture infection in 2 (4.8%). No severe complications occurred in either group. Univariate analysis showed plaque location was a significant (P = 0.018) risk factor for successful recanalization, and multivariate analysis indicated that the plaque location remained a significant independent risk factor for recanalization success (P = 0.017). In follow-up 6-48 months after the recanalization surgery, reocclusion occurred in two (2.8%) patients in the proximal plaque group and 4 (13.3%) in the distal plaque group. In conclusion, although hybrid surgery achieves similar outcomes in patients with ICA occlusion caused by either proximal or distal atherosclerotic plaques, plaque location may be a significant risk factor for successful recanalization of symptomatic non-acute long-segment ICA occlusion., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Recently, the effect of artificial light at night (ALAN) on the physiology and behavior of insects has gradually attracted the attention of researchers and has become a new research topic. Aedes albopictus is an important vector that poses a great public health risk. Further studies on the diapause of Ae. albopictus can provide a basis for new vector control, and it is also worth exploring whether the effect of ALAN on the diapause of Ae. albopictus will provide a reference for the prevention and control of infectious diseases mediated by Ae. albopictus., Methods: In this study, we experimentally studied the diapause characteristics of different geographical strains of Ae. albopictus under the interference of ALAN, explored the effect of ALAN on the diapause of Ae. albopictus and explored the molecular mechanism of ALAN on the diapause process through RNA-seq., Results: As seen from the diapause incidence, Ae. albopictus of the same geographic strain showed a lower diapause incidence when exposed to ALAN. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in signaling and metabolism-related pathways in the parental females and diapause eggs of the ALAN group., Conclusions: ALAN inhibits Ae. albopictus diapause. In the short photoperiod induced diapause of Ae. albopictus in temperate strain Beijing and subtropical strain Guangzhou, the disturbance of ALAN reduced the egg diapause rate and increased the egg hatching rate of Ae. albopictus, and the disturbance of ALAN also shortened the life cycle of Ae. albopictus eggs after hatching., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Remimazolam, a novel intravenous anesthetic, has been proven to be safe and efficacious in the gastroscopy setting among the elderly. However, reports comparing the effectiveness and safety of using equivalent doses of remimazolam with propofol have not been seen. The aim of this study was to compare the sedation efficacy and safety of the 95% effective doses (ED 95 ) of remimazolam versus propofol combined with sufentanil in the gastroscopy setting among the elderly. In the first step of this two-step study, a modified up-and-down method was used to calculate the ED 95 of remimazolam and propofol when combined with 0.1 µg/kg sufentanil in inhibiting body movement of elderly patients undergoing gastroscopy. In the second step, ED 95 of both agents calculated in the first step were administered, endpoints of efficacy, safety, and incidence of adverse events were compared. A total of 46 individuals completed the first step. The ED 95 of remimazolam was 0.163 mg/kg (95% CI 0.160-0.170 mg/kg), and that of propofol was 1.042 mg/kg (95% CI 1.007-1.112 mg/kg). In the second step, 240 patients completed the trial. The anesthetic effective rates of the remimazolam group and the propofol group were 78% and 83%, respectively, with no statistical difference (P = 0.312). Patients in the remimazolam group had more stable circulatory functions (P < 0.0001) and a lower incidence of pain on injection (3.3% vs. 19.5%, P < 0.0001). The incidence of hypotension was low in the remimazolam versus propofol group (15.6% vs. 39.0%, P < 0.0001). Overall adverse event was low in the remimazolam versus propofol group (21.3% vs. 62.7%, P < 0.0001).In this study, we found that when anesthesia was administered to elderly gastroscopy patients based on 95% effective doses of remimazolam and propofol, remimazolam was as effective as propofol, but was safer with a lower incidence of adverse events.Study registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000034234. Registered 29/06/2020, https://www.chictr.org.cn ., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Anopheles stephensi is native to Southeast Asia and the Arabian Peninsula and has emerged as an effective and invasive malaria vector. Since invasion was reported in Djibouti in 2012, the global invasion range of An. stephensi has been expanding, and its high adaptability to the environment and the ongoing development of drug resistance have created new challenges for malaria control. Climate change is an important factor affecting the distribution and transfer of species, and understanding the distribution of An. stephensi is an important part of malaria control measures, including vector control., Methods: In this study, we collected existing distribution data for An. stephensi, and based on the SSP1-2.6 future climate data, we used the Biomod2 package in R Studio through the use of multiple different model methods such as maximum entropy models (MAXENT) and random forest (RF) in this study to map the predicted global An. stephensi climatically suitable areas., Results: According to the predictions of this study, some areas where there are no current records of An. stephensi, showed significant areas of climatically suitable for An. stephensi. In addition, the global climatically suitability areas for An. stephensi are expanding with global climate change, with some areas changing from unsuitable to suitable, suggesting a greater risk of invasion of An. stephensi in these areas, with the attendant possibility of a resurgence of malaria, as has been the case in Djibouti., Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the possible invasion and expansion of An. stephensi and serves as a reference for the optimization of targeted monitoring and control strategies for this malaria vector in potential invasion risk areas., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Plastic crystals as barocaloric materials exhibit the large entropy change rivalling freon, however, the limited pressure-sensitivity and large hysteresis of phase transition hinder the colossal barocaloric effect accomplished reversibly at low pressure. Here we report reversible colossal barocaloric effect at low pressure in two-dimensional van-der-Waals alkylammonium halides. Via introducing long carbon chains in ammonium halide plastic crystals, two-dimensional structure forms in (CH 3 -(CH 2 ) n-1 ) 2 NH 2 X (X: halogen element) with weak interlayer van-der-Waals force, which dictates interlayer expansion as large as 13% and consequently volume change as much as 12% during phase transition. Such anisotropic expansion provides sufficient space for carbon chains to undergo dramatic conformation disordering, which induces colossal entropy change with large pressure-sensitivity and small hysteresis. The record reversible colossal barocaloric effect with entropy change ΔS r  ~ 400 J kg -1  K -1 at 0.08 GPa and adiabatic temperature change ΔT r  ~ 11 K at 0.1 GPa highlights the design of novel barocaloric materials by engineering the dimensionality of plastic crystals., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The inflammatory response to viral infection is an important component of the antiviral response, a process that involves the activation and proliferation of CD8+ T, CD4+ T, and dendritic cells; thus, viral infection disrupts the immune homeostasis of the organism, leading to an increased release of inflammatory factors. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is an inflammatory self-limited disorder of unknown etiology, and it is generally believed that the pathogenesis of this disease includes two aspects: viral infection and autoimmune response. Various immune cells, such as CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes, and CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells, as well as the cytokines they induce and secrete, such as interferons, interleukins, and tumor necrosis factors, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of KFD. In this article, we present a case study of a young female patient from China who exhibited typical symptoms of lymph node inflammation and fever. The diagnosis of KFD was confirmed through a lymph node biopsy. She presented with elevated ESR, IL-6, and IFN-γ. Viral markers showed elevated IgG and IgM of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and elevated IgG of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), while changes occurred in the CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell counts. Eventually, the patient achieved disease relief through steroid treatment. Based on these findings, we conducted a comprehensive review of the involvement of viral infection-induced inflammatory response processes and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yu, Li, Zhang, Huang and Zhao.)

Hoffa fracture is an unstable intra-articular fracture with significant redisplacement tendency. It is easy to be missed diagnosis when accompanied by distal intercondylar or supracondylar fracture of femur. CT scan is the gold standard for the diagnosis of Hoffa fracture. The treatment principles are anatomic reduction of the articular surface, reliable internal fixation, and early functional activity. At present, the main treatment is arthroscopic screw fixation. During screw fixation, the tail cap of screw should be buried, resulting in non-healing iatrogenic injury of articular cartilage. In the early postoperative functional activity of knee joint, fracture block was repeatedly subjected to backward and upward shear force under the action of the tibial plateau, which is the main reason for the failure of internal fixation. Plate assisted screw fixation could increase local mechanical stability, but it still cannot avoid the defects of iatrogenic cartilage injury. At the same time, plate molding is required during the operation due to the absence of special anatomical plates, resulting in increased surgical trauma and time-consuming surgery. The ideal fixation method for Hoffa fracture should include:(1) Avoid iatrogenic injury of articular surface cartilage. (2) With the rear anti-shear barrier plate function.(3) The internal fixator is closer to the load interface, so as to obtain greater load and better fixed strength.

Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the 100 most invasive species in the world and represents a significant threat to public health. The distribution of Ae. albopictus has been expanding rapidly due to increased international trade, population movement, global warming and accelerated urbanization. Consequently, it is very important to know the potential distribution area of Ae. albopictus in advance for early warning and control of its spread and invasion. We randomly selected 282 distribution sites from 27 provincial-level administrative regions in China, and used the GARP and MaxEnt models to analyze and predict the current and future distribution areas of Ae. albopictus in China. The results showed that the current range of Ae. albopictus in China covers most provinces such as Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces, and the distribution of Ae. albopictus in border provinces such as Tibet, Gansu and Jilin Provinces tend to expand westwards. In addition, the potential distribution area of Ae. albopictus in China will continue to expand westwards due to future climate change under the SSP126 climate scenario. Furthermore, the results of environmental factor filtering showed that temperature and precipitation had a large effect on the distribution probability of Ae. albopictus., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest No conflict of interest exits in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The diagnosis of aneurysms is informed by empirically tracking their size and growth rate. Here, by analysing the growth of aortic aneurysms from first principles via linear stability analysis of flow through an elastic blood vessel, we show that abnormal aortic dilatation is associated with a transition from stable flow to unstable aortic fluttering. This transition to instability can be described by the critical threshold for a dimensionless number that depends on blood pressure, the size of the aorta, and the shear stress and stiffness of the aortic wall. By analysing data from four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging for 117 patients who had undergone cardiothoracic imaging and for 100 healthy volunteers, we show that the dimensionless number is a physiomarker for the growth of thoracic ascending aortic aneurysms and that it can be used to accurately discriminate abnormal versus natural growth. Further characterization of the transition to blood-wall fluttering instability may aid the understanding of the mechanisms underlying aneurysm progression in patients., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Competing models exist to explain the differences in the activity of zeolites and amorphous silica-aluminas. Some postulate that silica-alumina contains dilute zeolitic bridging acid sites, while others favor a pseudo-bridging silanol model. We employed a selective isotope labeling strategy to assess the existence of Si-O(H)-Al bonds using NMR-based distance measurements.

We reveal the gate-tunable Berry curvature dipole polarizability in Dirac semimetal Cd&#95;{3}As&#95;{2} nanoplates through measurements of the third-order nonlinear Hall effect. Under an applied electric field, the Berry curvature exhibits an asymmetric distribution, forming a field-induced Berry curvature dipole, resulting in a measurable third-order Hall voltage with a cubic relationship to the longitudinal electric field. Notably, the magnitude and polarity of this third-order nonlinear Hall effect can be effectively modulated by gate voltages. Furthermore, our scaling relation analysis demonstrates that the sign of the Berry curvature dipole polarizability changes when tuning the Fermi level across the Dirac point, in agreement with theoretical calculations. The results highlight the gate control of nonlinear quantum transport in Dirac semimetals, paving the way for promising advancements in topological electronics.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect and feasibility of intra-aortic catheter looping via transradial access in angioplasty for symptomatic intracranial severe (>70%) atherosclerotic stenosis or occlusion of large arteries (SISOLAs)., Materials and Methods: Patients with SISOLAs who underwent transradial endovascular angioplasty using the catheter looping technique in the ascending aorta were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical data and treatment outcomes were analyzed., Results: Fifteen patients aged 48-71 years were enrolled in this study. Left vertebrobasilar artery occlusion was present in 1 (6.7%) patient, severe left middle cerebral artery stenosis in 7 (46.7%) patients, severe left internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis of the ophthalmic segment in 4 (26.7%) patients, severe left ICA stenosis of the cavernous segment in 2 (13.3%) patients, and severe right middle cerebral artery stenosis in 2 (13.3%) patients. The arterial stenosis ranged from 70 to 92% (mean 86%) before stenting. The looping of a guiding catheter in the ascending aorta via transradial access for angioplasty was successful in all patients (100%). The vertebral artery intracranial segment occlusion was successfully recanalized, while severe stenosis in the remaining 14 patients was successfully eliminated. After endovascular recanalization, the residual stenosis was reduced by 12-26% (median 18%). No puncture-related complications or surgical-related neurological complications occurred in these patients. In the follow-up angiography conducted on 10 (66.7%) patients after 6-25 months, no in-stent restenosis was detected., Conclusion: Intra-aortic guiding catheter looping via transradial access for endovascular angioplasty of SISOLAs is technically safe, feasible, and effective, especially when the transfemoral artery approach is difficult or impossible to undertake., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Xu, Xia, Cai, Yang, Zhao, Xue, Wang, Li and Gao.)

Invasive alien species are a growing threat to natural systems, the economy, and human health. Active surveillance and responses that readily suppress newly established colonies are effective actions to mitigate the noxious consequences of biological invasions. Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) koreicus (Edwards), a mosquito species native to East Asia, has spread to parts of Europe and Central Asia since 2008. In the last decade, Ae. koreicus has been shown to be a competent vector for chikungunya virus and Dirofilaria immitis . However, information about the current and potential distribution of Ae. koreicus is limited. Therefore, to understand the changes in their global distribution and to contribute to the monitoring and control of Ae. koreicus , in this study, the MaxEnt model was used to predict and analyze the current suitable distribution area of Ae. koreicus in the world to provide effective information.

Integrating a graphene transparent electrode (TE) matrix with driving circuits is essential for the practical use of graphene in optoelectronics such as active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, however it is disabled by the transport of carriers between graphene pixels after deposition of a semiconductor functional layer caused by the atomic thickness of graphene. Here, the carrier transport regulation of a graphene TE matrix by using an insulating polyethyleneimine (PEIE) layer is reported. The PEIE forms an ultrathin uniform film (≤10 nm) to fill the gap of the graphene matrix, blocking horizontal electron transport between graphene pixels. Meanwhile, it can reduce the work function of graphene, improving the vertical electron injection through electron tunneling. This enables the fabrication of inverted OLED pixels with record high current and power efficiencies of 90.7 cd A -1 and 89.1 lm W -1 , respectively. By integrating these inverted OLED pixels with a carbon nanotube-based thin-film transistor (CNT-TFT)-driven circuit, an inch-size flexible active-matrix OLED display is demonstrated, in which all OLED pixels are independently controlled by CNT-TFTs. This research paves a way for the application of graphene-like atomically thin TE pixels in flexible optoelectronics such as displays, smart wearables, and free-form surface lighting., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Soft scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccidae) are important pests of various agricultural and horticultural crops and ornamental plants. They have negative impacts on agriculture and forestry. The tribe Coccini represents one of the most ancient evolutionary lineages of soft scale insects. However, no complete Coccini mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is available in public databases. Here, we described the complete mitogenome of Coccushesperidum L., 1758. The 15,566 bp mitogenome of C.hesperidum had a high A+T content (83.4%) and contained a typical set of 37 genes, with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). Only seven tRNAs had the typical clover-leaf secondary structure and the remaining tRNAs lacked the DHU arm, TψC arm or both. Moreover, a comparative analysis of all reported scale insect mitogenomes from GenBank database was performed. The mitogenomes of scale insects showed high similarities in base composition and A+T content. Additionally, our phylogenetic analysis confirmed the monophyly of Coccomorpha and revealed that the archaeococcoids were the most basal lineage within Coccomorpha, while Ericeruspela and Didesmococcuskoreanus , belonging to Coccidae, were often mixed with Aclerdidae, making Coccidae a paraphyletic group. These findings expand the mitogenome database of scale insects and provide new insights on mitogenome evolution for future studies across different insect groups., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Yun-Feng Hou, Jiu-Feng Wei, Tian-You Zhao, Cai-Feng Li, Fang Wang.)

Background: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is particularly likely to happen in patients under obstetric care due to an unintentional dural puncture (UDP). There is as yet no ideal strategy for preventing UDP-induced PDPH., Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess whether a prophylactic epidural blood patch (EBP) or prophylactic epidural infusion of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is effective in preventing PDPH for parturients with UDP compared with conservative treatments., Study Design: Retrospective analysis from a single center's inpatient data., Setting: Department of Anesthesiology at a single center., Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of a single center's inpatient data from January 2017 through March 2020. The study included parturients with UDP during neuraxial anesthesia. The interventions of UDP included conservative treatment, prophylactic EBP, and prophylactic epidural infusion of HES. The incidence of PDPH, the use of intravenous aminophylline, therapeutic EBP, symptom onset, duration of headache, and duration of hospital stay were compared., Results: A total of 85 patients were analyzed. The incidences of PDPH were 84%, 52.6% and 54.5% with conservative, prophylactic EBP, and prophylactic epidural HES treatments, respectively. Compared with the conservative treatment, prophylactic EBP and prophylactic epidural HES treatment significantly reduced the incidence of PDPH (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the prophylactic EBP and prophylactic epidural HES groups. Compared with the conservative treatment group, therapeutic EBP was significantly less used in the prophylactic EBP and prophylactic epidural HES groups (P < 0.05). Prophylactic EBP shortened the length of hospital stay of parturients with UDP (P < 0.05) while prophylactic epidural HES showed no statistical difference compared with conservative treatment. No severe complications, such as central nervous system and puncture site infection or nerve injury, were found in those patients., Limitations: Retrospective nature and single center data with a relatively small sample size., Conclusions: Prophylactic management with EBP and epidural infusion of HES has an effect in preventing the occurrence of PDPH; prophylactic EBP significantly shortened hospital stay length in parturients with UDP., Key Words: Unintentional dural puncture, epidural blood patch, hydroxyethyl starch, post-dural puncture headache, parturient.

Background: Effects of green space on human health have been well-documented in western, high-income countries. Evidence for similar effects in China is limited. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms linking green space and mortality are yet to be established. We therefore conducted a nation-wide study to assess the association between green space and mortality in China using a difference-in-difference approach, which applied a causal framework and well controlled unmeasured confounding. In addition, we explored whether air pollution and air temperature could mediate the association., Methods: In this analysis, we collected data on all-cause mortality and sociodemographic characteristics for each county in China from the 2000 and 2010 censuses and the 2020 Statistical Yearbook. Green space exposure was assessed using county-level normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the percentage of green space (forest, grasslands, shrub land and wetland). We applied a difference-in-differences approach to evaluate the association between green space and mortality. We also performed mediation analysis (by air pollution and air temperature)., Results: Our sample consisted of 2726 counties in 2000 and 2010 as well as 1432 counties in 2019. In the 2000 versus 2019 comparison, a 0.1 unit increase in NDVI was associated with a 2.4 % reduction in mortality [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.4-4.3 %], and a 10 % increase in percentage of green space was associated with a 4.7 % reduction (95 % CI 0-9.2 %) in mortality. PM 2.5 and air temperature mediated 0.3 % to 12.3 % of the associations., Conclusions: Living in greener counties may be associated with lower risk of mortality in China. These findings could indicate the potential of a population-level intervention to reduce mortality in China, which has important public health implications at the county level., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Colloidal chemistry holds promise to prepare uniform and size-controllable pre-catalysts; however, it remains a challenge to unveil the atomic-level transition from pre-catalysts to active catalytic surfaces under the reaction conditions to enable the mechanistic design of catalysts. Here, we report an ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study, coupled with in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations, to elucidate the surface catalytic sites of colloidal Ni nanoparticles for CO 2 hydrogenation. We show that Ni nanoparticles with phosphine ligands exhibit a distinct surface evolution compared with amine-capped ones, owing to the diffusion of P under oxidative (air) or reductive (CO 2 + H 2 ) gaseous environments at elevated temperatures. The resulting NiP x surface leads to a substantially improved selectivity for CO production, in contrast to the metallic Ni, which favors CH 4 . The further elimination of surface metallic Ni sites by designing multi-step P incorporation achieves unit selectivity of CO in high-rate CO 2 hydrogenation.

Background: The Bispectral Index (BIS) and the Patient State Index (PSI) are commonly used measures to assess intraoperative sedation depth. However, model differences lead to different results, which in turn interferes with clinicians' judgment on the depth of anesthesia. Remimazolam tosilate (RT) for injection is a new benzodiazepine used in sedation. In its clinical application, there are few effective indicators for sedation depth monitoring. To close this gap, this study aims to compare BIS and PSI in measuring the sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative RT and to explore the safety of RT for intraspinal anesthesia in elderly patients., Methods: This study included 40 patients undergoing elective electro-prostatectomy with intraspinal anesthesia, who were monitored by BIS and PSI simultaneously during operation. Remimazolam tosylate 0.1 mg/kg was intravenously administered after the intraspinal anesthesia when patients were in a completely painless status. Then BIS, PSI, the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation (MOAA/S) scores and vital signs were observed and recorded per minute for 10 min. Pearson's correlation analysis and linear regression model were used to compare BIS and PSI sedation scores, and to test their associations with the MOAA/S score, respectively. ROC curves were drawn to compare the sensitivity and specificity of BIS and PSI. Changes of vital signs were presented as mean ± standard deviation. Perioperative liver and kidney function indicators were analyzed using a paired t-test to evaluate the safety of RT for intraspinal anesthesia in the elderly patients., Results: According to Pearson's correlation analysis, a significant (P < 0.01) correlation between BIS and PSI was found when used to monitor intraoperative sedation of RT (r = 0.796). Significant associations between BIS and MOAA/S (r = 0.568, P < 0.01), and between PSI and MOAA/S (r = 0.390, P < 0.01) were also found. The areas under the ROC curves of BIS and PSI were 0.801 ± 0.022 and 0.734 ± 0.026, respectively, suggesting that both measures may predict patients' state of consciousness and BIS was more accurate than PSI. Vital signs remained stable throughout the study. No abnormal changes of clinical significance were found based on laboratory test results of liver and kidney function., Conclusion: BIS and PSI are strongly associated for monitoring the sedation of RT intraoperatively. Both methods can accurately reflect sedation depth. According to correlation analyses with MOAA/S scale and ROC curves, BIS is more accurate than PSI during such intraoperative monitoring. In addition, RT can be safely used in elderly patients under intraspinal anesthesia for supportive sedation, with stable vital signs and sound kidney and liver safety profiles., Trial Registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2100051912)., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: In China, the identification rate and treatment rate of mental disorders are low, and there are few surveys on the prevalence of mental disorders among college students using diagnostic tools such as Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), so the prevalence and treatment of mental disorders among college students are unclear., Aim: To estimate prevalence of mental disorders among medical students in Hebei Province, and provide guidance for improving their mental health., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on an Internet-based survey. Three levels of medical students in Hebei Province were randomly selected (by cluster sampling) for screening. Using the information network assessment system, the subjects scanned the 2D code with their mobile phones, clicked to sign the informed consent, and answered a scale. A self-designed general status questionnaire was used to collect information about age, gender, ethnicity, grade, and origin of students. The MINI 5.0. was used to investigate mental disorders. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software. Statistically significant findings were determined using a two-tailed P value of 0.05., Results: A total of 7117 subjects completed the survey between October 11 and November 7, 2021. The estimated prevalence of any mental disorders within 12 mo was 7.4%. Mood disorders were the most common category (4.3%), followed by anxiety disorders (3.9%); 15.0% had been to psychological counseling, while only 5.7% had been to a psychiatric consultation, and only 10% had received drug therapy in the past 12 mo., Conclusion: Although the estimated prevalence of mental disorders in medical students is lower than in the general population, the rate of adequate treatment is low. We determined that improving the mental health of medical students is an urgent matter., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: There are no conflicts of interest to report., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Rapid screening of multiple pathogens will greatly improve the efficiency of pandemic prevention and control. Colorimetric methods exhibit the advantages of convenience, portability, low cost, time efficiency, and free of sophisticated instruments, yet usually have difficulties in simultaneous detection and suffer from monotonous color changes with low visual resolution and sensitivity. Hence, coupled three kinds of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) with magnetic separation, we developed an achromatic colorimetric nanosensor with highly enhanced visual resolution for simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium. The achromatic nanosensor was composed of SARS-CoV-2-targeting red gold NPs, S. aureus-targeting yellow silver NPs and S. typhimurium-targeting blue silver triangle NPs mixed as black color. In the detection, three corresponding magnetic probes were added into the above mixture. In the presence of a target pathogen, it would be recognized and combined with corresponding colored reporters and magnetic probes to form sandwich complexes, which were removed by magnetic separation, and the sensor changed from black to a chromatic color (the color of the reporters remained in supernatant). Consequently, different target pathogen induced different color. For example, SARS-CoV-2, S. aureus, and S. typhimurium respectively produced green, purple, and orange. While coexistence of S. aureus and S. typhimurium produced red, and coexistence of S. aureus and SARS-CoV-2 produced blue, etc. Therefore, by observing the color change or measuring the absorption spectra, multiple pathogen detection was achieved conveniently. Compared with most colorimetric sensors, this achromatic nanosensor involved rich color change, thus significantly enhancing visual resolution and inspection sensitivity. Therefore, this sensor opened a promising avenue for efficient monitoring and early warning of food safety and quality., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effect of transradial access with intra-aortic catheter looping for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms., Materials and Methods: This retrospective one-center study was performed on patients with intracranial aneurysms which were embolized through transradial access with intra-aortic catheter looping because of the difficulty of transfemoral access or transradial access without intra-aortic catheter looping. The imaging and clinical data were analyzed., Results: A total of 11 patients were enrolled, including seven (63.6%) male patients. Most patients were associated with one or two risk factors of atherosclerosis. There were nine aneurysms in the left internal carotid artery system and two aneurysms in the right internal carotid artery system. All 11 patients had complications with different anatomic variations or vascular diseases, which made endovascular operation via the transfemoral artery difficult or a failure. The right transradial artery approach was adopted in all patients, and the success rate of intra-aortic catheter looping was 100%. Embolization of intracranial aneurysms was successfully completed in all patients. No instability of the guide catheter was encountered. No puncture site complications or surgical-related neurological complications occurred., Conclusion: Transradial access with intra-aortic catheter looping for embolization of intracranial aneurysms is technically feasible, safe, and efficient as an important supplementary approach to the routine transfemoral access or transradial access without intra-aortic catheter looping., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Xu, Ba, Cai, Yang, Zhao, Xue, Li and Gao.)

Different fates of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and their progeny are determined by the gene regulatory network, where a chromatin-remodeling complex affects synergy with other regulators. Here, we review recent research progress indicating that the BRG1/BRM-associated factor (BAF) complex plays an important role in NSPCs during neural development and neural developmental disorders. Several studies based on animal models have shown that mutations in the BAF complex may cause abnormal neural differentiation, which can also lead to various diseases in humans. We discussed BAF complex subunits and their main characteristics in NSPCs. With advances in studies of human pluripotent stem cells and the feasibility of driving their differentiation into NSPCs, we can now investigate the role of the BAF complex in regulating the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of NSPCs. Considering recent progress in these research areas, we suggest that three approaches should be used in investigations in the near future. Sequencing of whole human exome and genome-wide association studies suggest that mutations in the subunits of the BAF complex are related to neurodevelopmental disorders. More insight into the mechanism of BAF complex regulation in NSPCs during neural cell fate decisions and neurodevelopment may help in exploiting new methods for clinical applications., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflict of interest associated with any of the senior author or other coauthors contributed their efforts in this manuscript., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

The phylum Acanthocephala is an important monophyletic group of parasites, with adults parasitic in the digestive tracts of all major vertebrate groups. Acanthocephalans are of veterinary, medical, and economic importance due to their ability to cause disease in domestic animals, wildlife, and humans. However, the current genetic data for acanthocephalans are sparse, both in terms of the proportion of taxa surveyed and the number of genes sequenced. Consequently, the basic molecular phylogenetic framework for the phylum is still incomplete. In the present study, we reported the first complete mitochondrial genome from a representative of the family Pseudoacanthocephalidae Petrochenko, 1956. The mitogenome of Pseudoacanthocephalus bufonis (Shipley, 1903) is 14,056 bp in length, contains 36 genes (12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) (lacking atp8 ), 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes ( rrnL and rrnS )) and two non-coding regions ( NCR1 and NCR2 ), and displayed the highest GC-skew in the order Echinorhynchida. Phylogenetic results of maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) using the amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes in different models provided further evidence for the resurrection of the family Pseudoacanthocephalidae and also supported that the order Echinorhynchida is paraphyletic. A monophyletic clade comprising P. bufonis and Cavisoma magnum suggests a close affinity between Pseudoacanthocephalidae and Cavisomatidae. Our phylogenetic analyses also showed that Polymorphidae has a closer relationship with Centrorhynchidae than Plagiorhynchidae in the monophyletic order Polymorphida.

Background: Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation and miRNA-target gene mechanisms, have recently emerged as key provokers in Ischemic stroke (IS) onset. However, cellular and molecular events harboring these epigenetic alterations are poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for IS., Methods: miRNAs, mRNAs and DNA methylation datasets of IS were derived from the GEO database and normalized by PCA sample analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed. The overlapped genes were utilized to construct a protein-protein interaction network (PPI). Meanwhile, differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs interaction pairs were obtained from the miRDB, TargetScan, miRanda, miRMap and miTarBase databases. We constructed differential miRNA-target gene regulatory networks based on mRNA-miRNA interactions., Results: A total of 27 up-regulated and 15 down-regulated differential miRNAs were identified. Dataset analysis identified 1053 and 132 up-regulated and 1294 and 9068 down-regulated differentially expressed genes in the GSE16561 and GSE140275 datasets, respectively. Moreover, 9301 hypermethylated and 3356 hypomethylated differentially methylated sites were also identified. Moreover, DEGs were enriched in terms related to translation, peptide biosynthesis, gene expression, autophagy, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, primary immunodeficiency, oxidative phosphorylation and T cell receptor signaling pathway. MRPS9, MRPL22, MRPL32 and RPS15 were identified as hub genes. Finally, a differential miRNA-target gene regulatory network was constructed., Conclusions: RPS15, along with hsa-miR-363-3p and hsa-miR-320e have been identified in the differential DNA methylation protein interaction network and miRNA-target gene regulatory network, respectively. These findings strongly posit the differentially expressed miRNAs as potential biomarkers to improve ischemic stroke diagnosis and prognosis.

Increasing evidence has manifested that circular RNAs (circRNAs) exhibited critical function in regulating various signaling pathways related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence. However, the role and mechanism of the circRNAs in the HCC early recurrence remain elusive. In this study, high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was conducted to identify the expression profile of circRNAs in HCC tissues and circ&#95;0005218 was identified as one circRNA that significantly up-regulated in early recurrent HCC tissues. And patients with high expression of circ&#95;0005218 showed worsen overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Moreover, the promotion effects of circ&#95;0005218 on HCC cells in term of proliferation, invasion and metastasis were confirmed both in vitro and vivo by gain- and loss-of function assays. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that circ&#95;0005218 could competitively bind to micro-RNA (miR)-31-5p. Furthermore, we showed that suppression of CDK1 by miR-31-5p could be partially rescued by up-regulating circ&#95;0005218. Taken together, the present study indicates that circ&#95;0005218 absorbed miR-31-5p as a sponge to weaken its suppression on CDK1 expression, and thus boost HCC cell invasion and migration, which would act as a potential biomarker to predict the HCC early recurrence and as a new therapeutic target for treatment of HCC., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Some collections from northern China are proposed as the new genus and species Villoboletus persicinus based on morphological assessments and molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is circumscribed by the pink pileus, white context turning pale blue to bule when exposed, yellow hymenophore surface turning blue when bruised, stipe covered with plenty of flocculent hairs, ellipsoid-fusiform to subfusiform smooth basidiospores, and the presence of hymenial cystidia. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from four gene fragments (28S, tef1, rpb1 , and rpb2 ) revealed a distinct position of this new genus in Boletaceae, but no place to accommodate it at subfamily rank.

Gas vesicles (GVs) are proteinaceous cylindrical shells found within bacteria or archea growing in aqueous environments and are composed primarily of two proteins, gas vesicle protein A and C (GvpA and GvpC). GVs exhibit strong performance as next-generation ultrasound contrast agents due to their gas-filled interior, tunable collapse pressure, stability in vivo and functionalizable exterior. However, the exact mechanism leading to GV collapse remains inconclusive, which leads to difficulty in predicting collapse pressures for different species of GVs and in extending favorable nonlinear response regimes. Here, we propose a two stage mechanism leading to GV loss of echogenicity and rupture under hydrostatic pressure: elastic buckling of the cylindrical shell coupled with condensation driven weakening of the GV membrane. Our goal is to therefore test whether the final fracture of the GV membrane occurs by the interplay of both mechanisms or purely through buckling failure as previously believed. To do so, we (1) compare the theoretical condensation and buckling pressures with that for experimental GV collapse and (2) describe how condensation can lead to plastic buckling failure. GV shell properties that are necessary input to this theoretical description, such as the elastic moduli and wettability of GvpA, are determined using molecular dynamics simulations of a novel structural model of GvpA that better represents the hydrophobic core. For GVs that are not reinforced by GvpC, this analytical framework shows that the experimentally observed pressures resulting in loss of echogenicity coincide with both the elastic buckling and condensation pressure regimes. We also found that the stress strain curve for GvpA wetted on both the interior and exterior exhibits a loss of mechanical stability compared to GvpA only wetted on the exterior by the bulk solution. We identify a pressure vs. vesicle size regime where condensation can occur prior to buckling, which may preclude nonlinear shell buckling responses in contrast imaging.

Introduction: Numerous studies on the mosquito life cycle and transmission efficacy were performed under constant temperatures. Mosquito in wild, however, is not exposed to constant temperature but is faced with temperature variation on a daily basis., Methods: In the present study, the mosquito life cycle and Zika virus transmission efficiency were conducted at daily fluctuating temperatures and constant temperatures. Aedes albopictus was infected with the Zika virus orally. The oviposition and survival of the infected mosquitoes and hatching rate, the growth cycle of larvae at each stage, and the infection rate (IR) of the progeny mosquitoes were performed at two constant temperatures (23°C and 31°C) and a daily temperature range (DTR, 23-31°C)., Results: It showed that the biological parameters of mosquitoes under DTR conditions were significantly different from that under constant temperatures. Mosquitoes in DTR survived longer, laid more eggs (mean number: 36.5 vs. 24.2), and had a higher hatching rate (72.3% vs. 46.5%) but a lower pupation rate (37.9% vs. 81.1%) and emergence rate (72.7% vs. 91.7%) than that in the high-temperature group (constant 31°C). When compared to the low-temperature group (constant 23°C), larvae mosquitoes in DTR developed faster (median days: 9 vs. 23.5) and adult mosquitoes carried higher Zika viral RNA load (median log 10 RNA copies/μl: 5.28 vs. 3.86). However, the temperature or temperature pattern has no effect on transovarial transmission., Discussion: Those results indicated that there are significant differences between mosquito development and reproductive cycles under fluctuating and constant temperature conditions, and fluctuating temperature is more favorable for mosquitos' survival and reproduction. The data would support mapping and predicting the distribution of Aedes mosquitoes in the future and establishing an early warning system for Zika virus epidemics., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Jian, Jiang, Wang, Jia, Cai, Xing, Li, Zhao, Guo and Wu.)

Background: Unforeseen dural ossification (DO) increases the risk of complications in the surgical management of thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF). Several methods have been proposed to identify DO; however, these approaches either have low diagnostic accuracy or poor feasibility. Therefore, we aimed to determine the relationship between DO and the severity and range of thoracic OLF compression using a 3-dimensional (3D) imaging analysis and to evaluate its superiority in diagnosing DO over conventional measurement methods., Methods: A total of 114 consecutive patients who underwent decompressive laminectomy for thoracic OLF in 4 institutions were retrospectively enrolled and divided into DO and non-DO groups. Univariate analysis was performed to determine the relationship between OLF compression and DO. We measured the 3D occupying ratio (OR; 3D OR = OLF volume/normal canal volume × 100%), calculated its cutoff values, and compared its diagnostic value in DO with that of conventional 1D and 2D radiological parameters in the whole thoracic spine., Results: The 3D OR in the DO group (50.9%±7.9%) was significantly higher than that in the non-DO group (30.8%±7.5%; P<0.01). The overall reliability and reproducibility for measurements of the 3D OR (intra- and interobserver correlation coefficients 0.94 and 0.90, respectively) were excellent. Thus, the 3D OR could be used as an indicator to distinguish between DO and non-DO, with high diagnostic accuracy (91.2%). Moreover, a 3D OR of >43%, known as the "ossification zone", was indicative of DO in OLF, whereas a value of <37% was considered the "safe zone". Additionally, the 3D OR [area under the curve (AUC) =0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93-0.99] showed a statistically higher diagnostic value for DO in the upper, middle, lower, and whole thoracic spine than did both 1D (AUC =0.81; 95% CI: 0.73-0.88) and 2D (AUC =0.87; 95% CI: 0.79-0.92) parameters (P<0.01)., Conclusions: DO was significantly associated with the severity and range of OLF compression. The 3D OR could be used as a critical diagnostic indicator for identifying DO in the whole thoracic spine, owing to its superiority over conventional radiological parameters. Classification of the 3D OR could maximize the clinical feasibility and thus help surgeons to decrease the incidence of DO-related surgical complications., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://qims.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/qims-22-418/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2023 Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. All rights reserved.)

Dengue virus type Ⅱ (DENV2) is a primary serotype responsible for the dengue fever epidemic, and Aedes aegypti is the main DENV2 vector. Understanding the Aedes aegypti immune mechanism against DENV2 is the basis for research on immune blockade in mosquitoes. Some preliminary studies lack validation in the literature, so this study was performed to further study and validate the potential target genes to provide a further basis for screening key target genes. We screened 51 genes possibly related to Aedes aegypti infection and immunity from the literature for further verification. First, bioinformatic methods such as GO, KEGG and PPI analysis were used, and then RT-qPCR was used to detect the changes in mRNA expression in the midguts and salivary glands of Aedes aegypti infected with DENV2.Bioinformatic analysis showed that mostly genes of the glucose metabolism pathway and myoprotein were influenced. In salivary glands, the Gst (x a ) and Toll (x b ) expression levels were significantly correlated with DENV2 load (y, lg[DENV2 RNA copies]), y = -3436x a +0.2287x b +3.8194 (adjusted R 2  = 0.5563, F = 9.148, P F  = 0.0045). In midguts, DENV2 load was significantly correlated with the relative Fba(R 2  = 0.4381, t = 2.497, p < 0.05, df = 8), UcCr(R 2  = 0.4072, t = 2.344, p < 0.05, df = 8) and Gbps1(R 2  = 0.4678, t = 2.652, p < 0.05, df = 8) expression levels, but multiple regression did not yield significant results. This study shows that genes related to glucose metabolism and muscle proteins contribute to the interaction between Aedes aegypti and dengue virus. It was confirmed that SAAG-4, histone H4, endoplasmin, catalase and other genes are involved in the regulation of DENV2 infection in Aedes aegypti. It was revealed that GST and Toll in salivary glands may have antagonistic effects on the regulation of DENV2 load. Fba, UcCr and Gbps1 in the midgut may increase DENV2 load. These study results further condensed the potential target gene range of the Aedes aegypti immune mechanism against DENV2 infection and provided basic information for research on the Aedes aegypti in vivo blockade strategy against DENV2., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Aedes albopictus is an indigenous primary vector of dengue and Zika viruses in China. Understanding the population spatial genetic structure, migration, and gene flow of vector species is critical to effectively preventing and controlling vector-borne diseases. The genetic variation and population structure of Ae. albopictus populations collected from 22 cities along the Yangtze River Basin were investigated with nine microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial CoxI gene. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.534 to 0.871. The observed number of alleles ( Na ) values ranged from 5.455 to 11.455, and the effective number of alleles ( Ne ) values ranged from 3.106 to 4.041. The Shannon Index (I) ranged from 1.209 to 1.639. The observed heterozygosity ( Ho ) values ranged from 0.487 to 0.545. The F IS value ranged from 0.047 to 0.212. All Ae. albopictus populations were adequately allocated to three clades with significant genetic differences. Haplotype 2 is the most primitive molecular type and forms 26 other haplotypes after one or more site mutations. The rapid expansion of high-speed rail, aircraft routes and highways along the Yangtze River Basin have accelerated the dispersal and communication of mosquitoes, which appears to have contributed to inhibited population differentiation and promoted genetic diversity among Ae. albopictus populations.

Modifying the crystal structure and corresponding functional properties of complex oxides by regulating their oxygen content has promising applications in energy conversion and chemical looping, where controlling oxygen migration plays an important role. Therefore, finding an efficacious and feasible method to facilitate oxygen migration has become a critical requirement for practical applications. Here, we report a compressive-strain-facilitated oxygen migration with reversible topotactic phase transformation (RTPT) in La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO x films based on all-solid-state electrolyte gating modulation. With the lattice strain changing from tensile to compressive strain, significant reductions in modulation duration (∼72%) and threshold voltage (∼70%) for the RTPT were observed, indicating great promotion of RTPT by compressive strain. Density functional theory calculations verify that such compressive-strain-facilitated efficient RTPT comes from significant reduction of the oxygen migration barrier in compressive-strained films. Further, ac-STEM, EELS, and sXAS investigations reveal that varying strain from tensile to compressive enhances the Co 3d band filling, thereby suppressing the Co-O hybrid bond in oxygen vacancy channels, elucidating the micro-origin of such compressive-strain-facilitated oxygen migration. Our work suggests that controlling electronic orbital occupation of Co ions in oxygen vacancy channels may help facilitate oxygen migration, providing valuable insights and practical guidance for achieving highly efficient oxygen-migration-related chemical looping and energy conversion with complex oxides.

Drug addiction is characterized by relapse when addicts are re-exposed to drug-associated environmental cues, but the neural mechanisms underlying cue-induced relapse are unclear. In the present study we investigated the role of a specific dopaminergic (DA) pathway from ventral tegmental area (VTA) to nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) in mouse cue-induced relapse. Optical intracranial self-stimulation (oICSS) was established in DAT-Cre transgenic mice. We showed that optogenetic excitation of DA neurons in the VTA or their projection terminals in NAcore, NAshell or infralimbic prefrontal cortex (PFC-IL) was rewarding. Furthermore, activation of the VTA-NAcore pathway alone was sufficient and necessary to induce reinstatement of oICSS. In cocaine self-administration model, cocaine-associated cues activated VTA DA neurons as assessed by intracellular GCaMP signals. Cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking was triggered by optogenetic stimulation of the VTA-NAcore pathway, and inhibited by chemogenetic inhibition of this pathway. Together, these results demonstrate that cue-induced reinstatement of reward seeking is in part mediated by activation of the VTA-NAcore DA pathway., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Pharmacological Society.)

It remains controversial, whether vitamin D reduces urinary albumin excretion in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). This metaanalysis was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of vitamin D, on urinary albumin excretion, in DN patients. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), regarding the effect of vitamin D on urinary albumin excretion in DN patients. The study selection and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers independently, and statistical analysis was performed using RevMan software, version 5.2. A total of nine RCTs including 1547 subjects were qualified. There were 815 participants in the study group and 732 in the control group. The fixed-effect model was used to analyze urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and urinary albumin excretion ratio (UAER), and the pooled standard mean difference (SMD) was -0.24 (95% CI: -0.39 to -0.09), P = .002, and -0.57 (95% CI: -0.71 to -0.43), P < .00001; respectively. These findings indicated that vitamin D-treated patients had a statistically significant reduction in UACR and UAER. High-quality RCTs are still required.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7107.