Search

Objective To identify hub genes associated with ferroptosis in the progression of diabetic nephropathy （DN） through bioinformatics analysis， offering novel insights into DN treatment. Methods Differentially expressed genes （DEGs） in DN were screened using RNA sequencing dataset GSE142025， and Gene Ontology （GO） and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis （GSEA） were utilized for functional annotation. Subsequently， the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis （WGCNA）was conducted to pinpoint key genes. Venn diagrams aided in identifying hub genes among ferroptosis-related genes （FRGs） common to DEGs and key genes. ROC curves were employed to assess the clinical diagnostic potential of these hub genes. Immunohistochemistry （IHC）was conducted to detect the expression levels of hub genes in DN patients and normal kidney tissues. Results 1 916 DEGs were identified between the DN and control （NC） groups. GO enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in inflammation-related biological processes. GSEA analysis found significant enrichment in processes related to iron ion binding. Among 12 co-expression modules constructed by WGCNA， grey60， turquoise， and grey modules showed the highest correlation with DN. 188 key genes were selected from 3 modules based on the screening criteria， among which 2 were FRGs shared by DEGs， namely ceruloplasmin （CP） gene and lipocalin-2 （LCN2） gene. ROC curves confirmed high clinical diagnostic value of these two genes. IHC results showed upregulated expression of both two genes in DN patient samples （both P < 0.05）， consistent with the findings of bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion CP and LCN2 could be involved in the progression of DN by inhibiting ferroptosis， serving as promising biomarkers and treatment targets for DN.

Abstract Background Rhamnus utilis Decne (Rhamnaceae) is an ecologically and economically important tree species. The growing market demands and recent anthropogenic impacts to R. utilis forests has negatively impacted its populations severely. However, little is known about the potential distribution of this species and environmental factors that affect habitat suitability for this species. By using 219 occurrence records along with 51 environmental factors, present and future suitable habitats were estimated for R. utilis using Maxent modeling; the important environmental factors affecting its distribution were analyzed. Results January water vapor pressure, normalized difference vegetation index, mean diurnal range, and precipitation of the warmest quarter represented the critical factors explaining the environmental requirements of R. utilis. The potential habitat of R. utilis included most provinces from central to southeast China. Under the climate change scenario SSP 245, Maxent predicted a cumulative loss of ca. 0.73 × 105 km2 in suitable habitat for R. utilis during 2041–2060 while an increase of ca. 0.65 × 105 km2 occurred during 2081–2100. Furthermore, under this climate change scenario, the suitable habitat will geographically expand to higher elevations. Conclusions The findings of our study provide a foundation for targeted conservation efforts and inform future research on R. utilis. By considering the identified environmental factors and anticipating the potential impacts of climate change, conservation strategies can be developed to preserve and restore suitable habitats for R. utilis. Protecting this species is not only crucial for maintaining biodiversity but also for sustaining the economic benefits associated with its ecological services.

In this experiment the pretreatment methods of automatic immunomagnetic bead purification and immunoaffinity chromatography purification were used to quantitatively detect aflatoxin B1 in different edible oils by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, and the accuracy, spike recovery and detection time of the two pretreatment methods were compared. The results showed that the results of automatic immunomagnetic bead purification and immunoaffinity chromatography purification for the determination of vegetable oil standard materials were 15.59 μg/kg and 14.64 μg/kg, respectively, both of which were within the standard range. Different amounts of aflatoxin B1 standard materials were added to different kinds of edible oils, and the recovery rate of spikes was between 88%~110%, and the relative standard deviation was within 5%. The Bland-Altman method was used to analyze differences between the automatic immunomagnetic bead purification method and the immunoaffinity chromatography purification method, and the results showed that differences between the two purification methods were within the acceptable range. Both methods could meet the experimental requirements in purification and enrichment of aflatoxin B1 in edible oil and can be used instead of each other. Through the comparison of detection time, automatic immunomagnetic bead purification combined with mycotoxin automatic purification instrument pretreatment method can process multiple samples at the same time, and the average purification time of one sample is less than 3 min, indicating that the treatment time is shorter, and the experimental efficiency is higher.

Potato pulp and wheat flour were used as raw materials to make steamed bread, and the optimum technological formula of potato pulp steamed bread was studied. Based on the results of single factor with specific volume and texture as indicators, response surface test was used to evaluate the quality of 30% potato pulp steamed bread by using specific volume as inspection index. The results showed that the optimal process parameters of potato pulp steamed bread were as follows: yeast addition 1.1%, fermentation time 70 min, sheeting time 12, fermentation temperature 35 ℃ and proofing time 19 min. The specific volume of steamed bread was 2.34 mL/g under the optimum condition, and optimized steamed bread was significantly improved when comparing with control group (2.02 mL/g).

A method for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vegetable oil by gel permeation chromatography purification coupled with GC-MS/MS was developed. The results were shown below: (1) During GPC purification of soybean oil sample added with 16 PAHs, the distillates of 0~19 minutes were oil impurities. The distillates of 19~28 minutes and 28~36 minutes were collected in sections and then measured by GC-MS/MS. The results showed that the distillates from 19 to 28 minutes were PAHs of the first ten low molecular weight and the distillates from 28 to 36 minutes were PAHs of the last six high molecular weight. So, GPC was not strictly in the order of high molecular weight first peak and low molecular weight second peak. Therefore, in order to ensure the accuracy of the results, the method of segmenting collection and segmenting determination should be adopted when separating various compounds by GPC. (2) Compared with pretreatment method in GB/T 23213—2008, this method reduced the amount of vegetable oil sample weighed from 4.0 g to 1.0 g. The target analytes in samples were purified using GPC to eliminate most of the coextracts. The extraction process was simplified so that the possible content loss in the extraction process was avoided. The experiment time was shortened and the extraction reagent was saved. (3) The calibration curves of the 16 PAHs showed good linearity in the range of 10~200 ng/mL with the correlation coefficients(R2) greater than 0.99. The LOD ranged from 0.02 to 0.50μg/kg and LOQ ranged from 0.08 to 1.67 μg/kg for 16 PAHs. (4)At the spiked level of 20 μL, 40 μL and 80 μL the average recoveries were 85.30%~103.86%, 91.08%~106.71% and 88.01%~105.87% respectively, and relative standard deviations(RSDs) were 0.69%~2.93%, 0.64%~2.74% and 0.75%~2.81% respectively. The method met the requirements of 16 PAHs analysis.

Abstract Speed trajectories, timetable and the layout of neutral sections are the key elements that affect train energy consumption (EC). This paper combines the microscopic energy‐efficient train control (EETC), macroscopic energy‐efficient train timetabling (EETT) and neutral sections location planning (NSLP), to achieve minimum EC in bi‐directional high‐speed railway. An integrated model is first established based on neutral sections distribution model, timetable model and a multi‐phase model. Then, a double loop genetic algorithm (DLGA) is designed for matching the proposed model. The case studies are conducted by the proposed model and algorithm on the Wuhan‐Yueyang rail corridor. A simple case for single‐train movement in one section is primarily executed with variable neutral section location, to investigate the impact of neutral section location for train operation. The results indicate that neutral section locating at the coasting (CO) and cruising (CR) zones is the prior choice for energy conservation. Then, three integrated problems (EETC, EETC + EETT and EETC + EETT + NSLP) are carried out to obtain the energy‐optimal speed trajectories, timetable and the layout of neutral sections, showing that EETC + EETT + NSLP increases the regenerative energy recycling from 14.2% to 49.1% and achieves 9.2% energy reduction compared with EETC.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common brain function-related complication after surgery. In addition to old age being an independent risk factor, anesthetics are also important predisposing factors. Among them, propofol is the most commonly used intravenous anesthetic in clinical practice. It has a rapid onset, short half-life, and high recovery quality. Many studies report that propofol can attenuate surgery-induced cognitive impairment, however, some other studies reveal that propofol also induces cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, this review summarizes the effects of propofol on the cognition, and discusses possible related mechanisms, which aims to provide some evidence for the follow-up studies.

This study develops a short Creative Expression Interest Scale (CEIS) among Chinese freshmen based on the perspective of item response theory (IRT). Nine hundred fifty-nine valid Chinese freshmen participated in the Creative Expression Interest survey. Researchers applied the initial data for unidimensionality, item fit, discrimination parameter, and differential item functioning to obtain a short CEIS. The results show that the Short CEIS meets the psychometric requirements of the IRT. Pearson correlation coefficient of theta between the short and long CEIS is 0.922. The marginal reliability of the short CEIS is 0.799. These indicate that the short CEIS developed in this study among Chinese freshmen, meets the psychometric requirements. Although the Short CEIS can eliminate redundant, uninformative items, save time, and improve the quality of data collection. However, the validity of this short scale needs further validation.

This paper explores the action mechanism of walnut cold-press meal in reducing fat from the perspective of network pharmacology.Active components and potential targets of walnut cold-press meal were obtained through TCMSP database and literature mining.GeneCards and other databases were used to predict and screen Hyperlipidemia (HLP) related genes,while Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was applied to construct a “drug-active component-disease-target” network to the formation of walnuts to prevent HLP components and target interactions,and analysis of GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment.Results show that 14 active components of Walnut cold-press meal were identified,among which 7 components have 59 HLP-related targets.HAS2,NCOA2,ESR1,CAT,AR,VEGFA and POR may be the key targets of HLP,with the main signaling pathways being HIF-1 signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,Chagas disease,and malaria signaling pathway.HLP is prevented by multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway,among which the most targeted components are quercetin,rutin,catechin,erucic acid and ellagic acid.Targets most affected by the compounds are hyaluronate synthase 2,nuclear receptor coactivator factor 2,estrogen receptor,catalase,androgen receptor,vascular endothelial growth factor A and NHLPPH--cytochrome P450 reductase.

In this study, unit weight, Gibberella damaged kernels, imperfect kernels, color, vomiting-toxin and other indexes in wheat samples were studied and tested.Through data analysis, it was concluded that there was a certain positive correlation between vomiting-toxin and scab grains in wheat.And the content of vomit toxin in different parts of wheat grain was detected.The results showed that the cortex and aleurone layer were higher than the endosperm.After screening wheat, impurities and scab grains were removed.And the vomiting-toxin content would decrease from 4.6% to 22%.Comparing the content of vomiting-toxin in wheat flour and wheat flour steamed buns, it was found that wheat flour was not decreased and still had high residue after cooking and other processing.

The Cummins equation is commonly applied to describe the motion of floating structures. Because of the convolution term, the efficiency of calculation is low and the error accumulation problems in numerical integration calculation are serious. For those reasons, a dynamic response analysis method of floating structures based on a state-space model is proposed. The method uses the state-space method to replace the force-to-motion relationship of the Cummins equation, that is, transfer function, which transforms the problem of calculating the dynamic response into obtaining the output of the state-space model. The method is easy to implement and avoids the problems caused by the presence of the convolution term.

To ensure the computational accuracy for the offshore high voltage direct current substation local structure and its large and complex electrical equipment, it is necessary to reduce the modeling complexity and improve the calculation efficiency. Thus, a simplified vibration model with constant key physical parameters was established; the converter valve was used as a test design example and a lower number of samples was used. Finally, the response surface fitting was carried out. Based on the machine learning concept, problems such as the loss of physical meaning of complex system matrices and low iteration efficiency, caused by high-dimensional matrix operations were avoided. In addition, the deterministic screening experiment design greatly reduced the number of samples needed while also ensuring the second-order effect. The fit between the response surface equation and experimental results was good after optimizing the relevant design factors based on the vibration equation. The comparison between the simplified vibration converter valve model and the original complex model has shown that the errors for various physical parameters and the vibration characteristics were below 5% and that the model simplification degree was 95%.

C19H14F4O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.8614(10) Å, b = 7.9148(6) Å, c = 16.7999(16) Å, β = 99.150(9)°, V = 1557.1(2) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0446, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1150, T = 100 K.

In this paper， information of the main active ingredients in grape seed oil and corresponding target proteins were obtained through literature search and TCMSP database， cancer and tumor-related targets were screened out from Genecards and OMIM databases and common targets for drugs and diseases were gained by the Venn online platform， “active ingredient-disease target” network diagram were constructed with Cytoscape 3.7.2 software， protein interaction (PPI) network were drawn by String database， GO (Gene Ontology) function enrichment and KEGG signal pathway analysis for key targets were performed by David database. Furthermore， the anti-cancer and anti-tumor functional components and mechanism of grape seed oil were further explored based on the method of network pharmacology. The results showed that a total of 15 active ingredients in grape seed oil were screened， 236 targets were obtained， 686 cancer and tumor-related targets were obtained from the disease database， and 93 common targets for drugs and diseases were obtained through the Venn diagram. PPI network analysis showed the key anti-cancer and anti-tumor targets of grape seed oil were signal transducer， transcription activator 3， mitogen-activated protein kinase 1，mitogen- activated protein kinase 3， and cell tumor antigen p53. GO functional analysis obtained 477 biological processes with P ＜ 0.05， which were mainly involved in regulating biological functions such as enzyme binding， protein binding， transcription factor binding， protein heterodimerization activity， and DNA binding in the transcription regulatory region. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis obtained 113 pathways with P ＜ 0.05， involving NOD-like receptor signaling pathway， MAPK signaling pathway， p53 signaling pathway， ErbB signaling pathway， mTOR signaling pathway， VEGF signaling pathway， Wnt signaling pathway and other classic signaling pathways. The research predicted the anti-cancer and anti-tumor functional components， targets， biological processes and enrichment pathways of grape seed oil， revealed its mechanism of action， and provided references for further research on the anti-cancer effects of grape seed oil.

Based on network pharmacology to study the mechanism of walnut in improving memory, the TCMSP database was used to screen the active ingredients and corresponding targets of walnuts, Geencard and OMIM were used to find memory-related targets, and the “active ingredients-target” association network was constructed through Cytoscape 3.7.1 software, and GO biological function enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were carried out for key targets. The active ingredients and targets of walnut analyzed by network pharmacology were verified by molecular docking. Walnut improves memory mainly through 8 active ingredients such as ellagic acid, galloyl glucose, juglone, etc. by the regulation on the targets including PTGS2, PRKCA, PRKCB etc and signaling pathways including vascular endothelial growth factor, NF-κB and MAPK pathway. Molecular docking showed that the active ingredients of walnuts, ellagic acid and galloyl glucose, have strong binding with targets such as PRKCA and PRKCB. This experiment provides a theoretical basis for the development of functional products of walnut improving memory.

Walnut has the functions of improving learning and memory, protecting nerve cells, regulating cholinergic dysfunction, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and so on. It is a traditional brain-invigorating food.The main functional ingredients of walnut are known as ellagic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid,melatonin, vitamin E, syringic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, coumaric acid, etc. And the main functional target of walnut is prostaglandin synthase. There are more than 300 invention patents for walnuts to improve memory, of which more than 40 are authorized, and 16 health food approvals. However, the identification of walnut functional ingredients is still limited to linoleic acid, linolenic acid and protein, and the recognition of other memory functional ingredients and contents remains to be studied.

The current research progress of variety, dosage and functions of the general food, health food and cosmetics produced from grape seeds were reviewed in this paper. Common foods include national standard grape seed oil and grape seed extract food additives, grape seed powder, and grape seed tableting candy. There are more than 370 health foods produced from grape seed oil or grape seed extract, in the main dosage forms include capsules, tablets, or al liquids and powders. The main functions include anti-oxidation, remove chloasma, enhance immunity, lowering blood lipid, and so on. Grape seed powder, grape seed extract and grape seed oil are all cosmetic raw materials approved for the record of national standards, and more than 4,900 non-special cosmetics have been registered, almost covering all cosmetic categories. There also have been studies on drugs from grape seed, but there are no relevant drug approvals. The price of grape seed and grape seed powder on line is comparable with that of rice and flour, the oil is 5~10 times of the raw grape seed, and the extract is more than 30 times of the raw material. The price of related capsules and tablets further doubles, and the sales volume is far higher than that of unpacked capsules or pressed tablets. Obviously, the grape seed deep processing product has larger development space, profit space and broad market prospect.

C19H14F4O2${\text{C}}_{19}{\text{H}}_{14}{\text{F}}_{4}{\text{O}}_{2}$, triclinic, P1‾$P‾{1}$ (no. 2), a = 8.1539(7) Å, b = 8.8584(6) Å, c = 11.8025(9) Å, α = 73.186(7)°, β = 76.184(7)°, γ = 69.512(7)°, V = 755.39(11) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt${R}_{gt}$(F) = 0.0436, wRref$w{R}_{\text{ref}}$(F2) = 0.0965, T = 100 K.

Critical damage value of material was obtained by physical experiment combined with a finite element software. True stress-strain curve of Ti600 alloy was studied by high temperature tensile test at 1010℃ and 0.001s-1. A simplified Normalized Cockcroft & Latham ductile fracture criterion was used, in which ε and σ were substituted by ε1 and σUTS, respectively. The critical damage value of Ti600 alloy on the above experimental condition was calculated and then was embedded in a finite element software to verify its accuracy by analysing high temperature tensile process. The result shows that the critical damage value of Ti600 alloy at 1010℃ and 0.001s-1 equals 0.643. By the finite element analysis, the crack initiation and propagation are predicted well and computational variety law of minimum cross sectional area is basically agreed with the experimental law. Hence, the critical damage value of Ti600 alloy obtained by combining a Normalized Cockcroft & Latham ductile fracture criterion with a finite element software is fairly precise.

In utero gene editing with mRNA-based therapeutics has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, a critical bottleneck in clinical application has been the lack of mRNA delivery vehicles that can efficiently transfect cells in the brain. In this report, we demonstrate that in utero intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of densely PEGylated lipid nanoparticles (ADP-LNPs) containing an acid-degradable PEG-lipid can safely and effectively deliver mRNA for gene editing enzymes to the fetal mouse brain, resulting in successful transfection and editing of brain cells. ADP-LNPs containing Cre mRNA transfected 30% of the fetal brain cells in Ai9 mice and had no detectable adverse effects on fetal development and postnatal growth. In addition, ADP-LNPs efficiently transfected neural stem and progenitor cells in Ai9 mice with Cre mRNA, which subsequently proliferated and caused over 40% of the cortical neurons and 60% of the hippocampal neurons to be edited in treated mice 10 weeks after birth. Furthermore, using Angelman syndrome, a paradigmatic neurodevelopmental disorder, as a disease model, we demonstrate that ADP-LNPs carrying Cas9 mRNA and gRNA induced indels in 21% of brain cells within 7 days postpartum, underscoring the precision and potential of this approach. These findings demonstrate that LNP/mRNA complexes have the potential to be a transformative tool for in utero treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders and set the stage for a frontier in treating neurodevelopmental disorders that focuses on curing genetic diseases before birth.

Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) could enable high-efficiency, low-toxicity and scalable in vivo genome editing if efficacious RNP-LNP complexes can be reliably produced. Here we engineer a thermostable Cas9 from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (GeoCas9) to generate iGeoCas9 variants capable of >100× more genome editing of cells and organs compared with the native GeoCas9 enzyme. Furthermore, iGeoCas9 RNP-LNP complexes edit a variety of cell types and induce homology-directed repair in cells receiving codelivered single-stranded DNA templates. Using tissue-selective LNP formulations, we observe genome-editing levels of 16‒37% in the liver and lungs of reporter mice that receive single intravenous injections of iGeoCas9 RNP-LNPs. In addition, iGeoCas9 RNPs complexed to biodegradable LNPs edit the disease-causing SFTPC gene in lung tissue with 19% average efficiency, representing a major improvement over genome-editing levels observed previously using viral or nonviral delivery strategies. These results show that thermostable Cas9 RNP-LNP complexes can expand the therapeutic potential of genome editing.

To meet the needs of large composite bonding for aircraft, development, comprehensive experimental and application of adhesive materials have been carried out. Development process, adhesive bonding performance, operability and batch production of parts of adhesives are presented in brief. Traditional metal structural adhesives are widely applied to composite bonding for military use and civil use. We have made some progresses in development of toughened cyanate film adhesive and toughened BMI film adhesive. Development of high temperature resistant adhesives such as polyimide adhesive will be an important investigation area. All kinds of adhesives with different heat-resistant and chemical compositions need to be developed to meet adhesive selections for various composite bonding.

Sepiella maindroni was once one of the four traditional marine products in our country. In order to evaluate the ecological capacity of Sepiella maindroni in the sea area of Zhongjieshan Islands, this study used Ecopath with Ecosim 6.5 (EwE) software to construct an Ecopath model composed of 17 functional groups in the sea area of Zhongjieshan Islands. The nutrient structure and energy flow characteristics of the sea area of Zhongjieshan Islands are analyzed from the ecosystem level, and the reasonable ecological capacity of the sea area of Zhongjieshan Islands is estimated by the model.The results show that the trophic level of each functional group in the marine ecosystem of the Zhongjieshan Islands is between 1-4.648, total primary production/total respiration is 4.539, the system Connectance Index is 0.478, the System Omnivory Index is 0.389, The trophic level of Sepiella maindroni is 3.562, and the Ecotrophic Efficiency is 0.306, indicating that the Ecotrophic Efficiency of each trophic level in the system is low and the energy is not fully utilized. There is still room for breeding and exile for the Sepiella maindroni. The model estimates that the ecological capacity of Sepiella maindroni is about 2t·km2.