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Nian-Fang Lu,1 Hong-Xia Niu,2 An-Qi Liu,1 Ya-Lei Chen,1 Hu-Nan Liu,1 Pei-Hong Zhao,1 Jun Shao,3 Xiu-Ming Xi4 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University Electric Teaching Hospital/Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Emergency, Capital Medical University Electric Teaching Hospital/Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Critical Care Medicine, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University Fuxing Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiu-Ming Xi, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University Fuxing Hospital, No. 20 Fuxingmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100038, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13801244610, Email xixuimingxxm@126.com Jun Shao, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, No. 98 Nantong West Road, Guangling District, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18051061365, Email shaojunsj_08@126.comObjective: To explore the prognostic outcomes associated with different types of septic cardiomyopathy and analyze the factors that exert an influence on these outcomes.Methods: The data collected within 24 hours of ICU admission included cardiac troponin I (cTnI), N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP); SOFA (sequential organ failure assessment) scores, and the proportion of vasopressor use. Based on echocardiographic outcomes, septic cardiomyopathy was categorized into left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, LV diastolic dysfunction, and right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction. Differences between the mortality and survival groups, as well as between each cardiomyopathy subgroup and the non-cardiomyopathy group were compared, to explore the influencing factors of cardiomyopathy.Results: A cohort of 184 patients were included in this study, with LV diastolic dysfunction having the highest incidence rate (43.5%). The mortality group had significantly higher SOFA scores, vasopressor use, and cTnI levels compared to the survival group; the survival group had better LV diastolic function than the mortality group (p < 0.05 for all). In contrast to the non-cardiomyopathy group, each subgroup within the cardiomyopathy category exhibited elevated levels of cTnI. The subgroup with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction demonstrated a higher prevalence of advanced age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and an increased mortality rate; the RV systolic dysfunction subgroup had higher SOFA scores and NT-proBNP levels, and a higher mortality rate (P < 0.05 for all); the LV systolic dysfunction subgroup had a similar mortality rate (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Patients with advanced age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or coronary artery disease are more prone to develop LV diastolic dysfunction type of cardiomyopathy; cardiomyopathy subgroups had higher levels of cTnI. The RV systolic dysfunction cardiomyopathy subgroup had higher SOFA scores and NT-proBNP levels. The occurrence of RV systolic dysfunction in patients with sepsis significantly increased the mortality rate.Keywords: cardiac function, echocardiography, influencing factors, prognosis, sepsis, septic cardiomyopathy

This study reports the structure-activity relationships of a unique subclass IIb bacteriocin, plantaricin EvF, which consists of two peptide chains and possesses potent antimicrobial activity. Because the plantaricin Ev peptide chain lacks an α-helix structure, plantaricin EvF is unable to exert its antimicrobial activity through helix-helix interactions like typical subclass IIb bacteriocins. We have shown by various structural evaluation methods that plantaricin Ev can be stabilized by hydrogen bonding at amino acid residues R3, V12, and R13 to the N-terminal region of plantaricin F. This binding gives plantaricin EvF a special spade-shaped structure that exerts antimicrobial activity. In addition, the root-mean-square deviations (RMSDs) of the amino acid residues Y6, F8, and R13 of plantaricin Ev pre- and post-binding were 1.512, 1.723, and 1.369, respectively, indicating that they underwent large structural changes. The alanine scanning experiments demonstrated the important role of the above key amino acids in maintaining the structural integrity of plantaricin EvF. This study not only reveals the unique structural features of plantaricin EvF, but also provides an insight into the structure-activity relationships of subclass IIb bacteriocins., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In an effort to develop the biomimetic chemistry of [FeFe]‑hydrogenases for catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous environment, we herein report the integrations of diiron dithiolate complexes into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through three different strategies and compare the electrochemical HER performances of the as-resulted 2Fe2S/CNT hybrids in neutral aqueous medium. That is, three new diiron dithiolate complexes [{(μ-SCH 2 ) 2 N(C 6 H 4 CH 2 C(O)R)}Fe 2 (CO) 6 ] (R = N-oxylphthalimide (1), NHCH 2 pyrene (2), and NHCH 2 Ph (3)) were prepared and could be further grafted covalently to CNTs via an amide bond (this 2Fe2S/CNT hybrid is labeled as H1) as well as immobilized noncovalently to CNTs via π-π stacking interaction (H2) or via simple physisorption (H3). Meanwhile, the molecular structures of 1-3 are determined by elemental analysis and spectroscopic as well as crystallographic techniques, whereas the structures and morphologies of H1-H3 are characterized by various spectroscopies and scanning electronic microscopy. Further, the electrocatalytic HER activity trend of H1 > H2 ≈ H3 is observed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7) through different electrochemical measurements, whereas the degradation processes of H1-H3 lead to their electrocatalytic deactivation in the long-term electrolysis as proposed by post operando analysis. Thus, this work is significant to extend the potential application of carbon electrode materials engineered with diiron molecular complexes as heterogeneous HER electrocatalysts for water splitting to hydrogen., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The study characterized the aroma-active compounds produced by sesame hulls at three roasting temperatures and analyzed the similarities and differences in the aroma profile of sesame hulls with whole seeds and kernels after roasting. Roasting hulls produced mainly furans, aldehydes, and ketones volatiles. 140 Compounds were identified as aroma-active compounds, including 36 key aroma compounds (odor activity value, OAV ≥ 1). Among them, furanone (caramel-like, OAV = 80), 3-methylbutanal (fruity, OAV = 124), and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (burnt, smoky, OAV = 160) gave hulls (180 °C) sweet, burnt, and smoky aroma. Due to the contribution of vanillin (fatty, sweet milk, OAV = 45), 2-hydroxy-3-butanone (caramel-like, roast, OAV = 46), and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (OAV = 78), hulls (200 °C) shown strong sweet and roast note. These results identified compounds that contributed significantly to the aroma of sesame hulls and elucidated the contribution of sesame hulls to the flavor of roasted whole seeds and sesame oil., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are a widely distributed family of proteins produced in response to heat and other stresses. To develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms governing expression of HSPs in the bony fish Trachinotus ovatus, we carried out a whole genome analysis and identified 43 HSP genes. Based on their phylogenetic relationships with Danio rerio, Seriola dumerili, and Seriola lalandi, they were divided into four subfamilies: HSP20, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90. We performed an analysis of the predicted physicochemical properties and subcellular localization of proteins encoded by these genes. The chromosomal localization results showed that the HSP genes are distributed across 20 chromosomes of T. ovatus.These genes were found to be expressed in different tissues, and they showed differential expression in the immune response against Streptococcus agalactiae. However, there was no significant differential expression in the different skin tissue locations of T. ovatus after infection by Cryptocaryon irritans Brown. This study provides basic information for further research on the evolution and structure and function of HSPs in teleosts., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Bacillus subtilis has been extensively studied for its ability to inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms and its high protease activity. In this study, Bacillus subtilis was used to ferment gluten and assess the effects of the fermentation process on the physicochemical, microstructure and antioxidant properties of gluten. The results of Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and circular chromatography (CD) showed a significant decrease in the content of α-helix structures and a significant increase in the content of β-sheet structures in gluten after fermentation ( p  < 0.05). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that glutenin was degraded into small molecular peptides with a molecular weight of less than 26 kDa after 24 h of fermentation; meanwhile, the fermentation process significantly increased the free amino acid content of the samples ( p  < 0.05), reaching 1923.38 μg/mL at 120 h of fermentation, which was 39.46 times higher than that at 24 h of fermentation ( p  < 0.05). In addition, the fermented back gluten has higher free radical scavenging activity and iron reduction capacity. Therefore, fermented gluten may be used as a functional food to alleviate oxidative stress. This study provides a reference for the high-value application of gluten., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zhao, Hou, Wang, Liao, Pan, Zhang, Dong, Hu, Huang and Ou.)

In order to develop an attractive generation of bulky oxadithiolate-bridged [FeFe]‑hydrogenase mimics with chelating diphosphines, two new series of asymmetrically diphosphine-substituted diiron model complexes [Fe 2 (μ-R 2 odt)(CO) 4 (κ 2 -diphosphine)] (3-5) with bulky Ph 2 odt bridge and their reference counterparts (6-8) with common odt bridge were obtained from the Me 3 NO-assisted substitutions of diiron hexacarbonyl precursors [Fe 2 (μ-R 2 odt)(CO) 6 ] (R 2 odt = (SCHR) 2 O, R = Ph (1) and H (2)) with different diphosphines such as (Ph 2 P) 2 NBn (labelled PN Bn P, Bn = benzyl), (Ph 2 PCH 2 ) 2 NBn (PCN Bn CP), and (Ph 2 PCH 2 ) 2 CH 2 (DPPP)), respectively. All the as-prepared complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR plus NMR spectroscopies, and particularly by X-ray crystallography for 3-8. It is interesting to note that complexes 3 and 6 chelating by small bite-angle PN Bn P diphosphine have the favorable dibasal isomer whereas analogues 4, 5 and 7, 8 chelating by flexible backbone PCN Bn CP or DPPP ligands possess the main apical-basal isomer in solution or in the solid state. Further, the electrochemical properties of two pairs of representative complexes 3, 6 and 5, 8 are explored and compared by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in the absence and presence of trifluoroacetic acid (CF 3 CO 2 H) as proton source, indicating that the complete protonations of 3, 6 and 5, 8 with higher concentration of CF 3 CO 2 H lead to two new catalytic waves for the electrocatalytic proton reduction to hydrogen (H 2 )., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) were isolated from wheat bran (WB) after microbial fermentation with single or mixed strain [ Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis or mixed lactic acid bacteria ( L. plantarum and L. acidophilus with ration of 1:1)]. Structure, physicochemical, functional properties, and antioxidant activity of the wheat bran insoluble dietary fiber (W-IDF) modified by fermentation were studied. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis suggested the successful modification of W-IDF. After fermentation with L. plantarum and mixed lactic acid bacteria, the water retention capacity (WRC), oil retention capacity (ORC), and water swelling capacity (WSC) of W-IDF were improved. The sodium cholate adsorption capacity (SCAC), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of W-IDF modified with L. acidophilus fermentation were significantly increased. Although the cholesterol adsorption capacity (CAC) of W-IDF decreased after modification with probiotic fermentation, nitrite ion adsorption capacity (NIAC), and total phenolic content (TPC) were enhanced. Additionally, W-IDF modified by fermentation with B. subtilis or mixed lactic acid bacteria exhibited superior antioxidant capacity verified by DPPH, ABTS and total reducing power assays. Results manifested that microbial fermentation is a promising methods to modify the W-IDF to provide high-quality functional IDF for food processing and human health management., Competing Interests: Y-CH was employed by Henan Cooperativity Medical Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Liao, Zhang, Yang, Huang, Pan, Hou, Li, Zhao, Dong, Hu and Hui.)

The clinical prospect of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has not been fully realized due to the scarcity of efficient sonosensitizers. Herein, we designed phthalocyanine-artesunate conjugates (e.g. ZnPcT 4 A), which could generate up to ca. 10-fold more reactive oxygen species (ROS) than the known sonosensitizer protoporphyrin IX. Meanwhile, an interesting and significant finding of aggregation-enhanced sonodynamic activity (AESA) was observed for the first time. ZnPcT 4 A showed about 60-fold higher sonodynamic ROS generation in the aggregated form than in the disaggregated form in aqueous solutions. That could be attributed to the boosted ultrasonic cavitation of nanostructures. The level of the AESA effect depended on the aggregation ability of sonosensitizer molecules and the particle size of their aggregates. Moreover, biological studies demonstrated that ZnPcT 4 A had high anticancer activities and biosafety. This study thus opens up a new avenue the development of efficient organic sonosensitizers., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Inspired by the metal active sites of [FeFe]- and [NiFe]‑hydrogenases, a series of mononuclear Ni(II) ethanedithiolate complexes [{(Ph 2 PCH 2 ) 2 ×}Ni(SCH 2 CH 2 S)] (X = NCH 2 C 5 H 4 N-p (2a), NCH 2 C 6 H 5 (2b), NCH 2 CHMe 2 (2c), and CH 2 (2d)) with chelating diphosphines were readily synthesized through the room-temperature treatments of mononuclear Ni(II) dichlorides [{(Ph 2 PCH 2 ) 2 ×}NiCl 2 ] (1a-1d) with ethanedithiol (HSCH 2 CH 2 SH) in the presence of triethylamine (Et 3 N) as acid-binding agent. All the as-prepared complexes 1a-1d and 2a-2d are fully characterized through elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum, and by X-ray crystallography for 1b, 2a-2d. To further explore proton-trapping behaviors of this type of mononuclear Ni(II) complexes for catalytic hydrogen (H 2 ) evolution, the protonation and electrochemical proton reduction of 2a-2c with aminodiphosphines (labeled PCNCP = (Ph 2 PCH 2 ) 2 NR) and reference analogue 2d with nitrogen-free diphosphine (dppp = (Ph 2 PCH 2 ) 2 CH 2 ) are studied and compared under trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as a proton source. Interestingly, the treatments of 2a-2d with excess TFA resulted in the unexpected formation of dinuclear Ni(II)-Ni(II) dication complexes [{(Ph 2 PCH 2 ) 2 ×} 2 Ni 2 (μ-SCH 2 CH 2 S)](CF 3 CO 2 ) 2 (3a-3d) and mononuclear Ni(II) N-protonated complexes [{(Ph 2 PCH 2 ) 2 N(H)R}Ni(SCH 2 CH 2 S)](CF 3 CO 2 ) (4a-4c), which has been well supported by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESI-MS), NMR ( 31 P, 1 H) as well as fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques, and especially by X-ray crystallography for 3d. Additionally, the electrochemical properties of 2a-2d are investigated in the absence and presence of strong acid (TFA) by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), showing that the complete protonation of 2a-2d gave rise to dinuclear Ni 2 S 2 species 3a-3d for electrocatalytic proton reduction to H 2 ., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Thermodynamic therapy (TDT), one that uses heat to activate thermosensitizers and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), has recently emerged as an attractive approach for cancer therapy. However, the development of safe and efficient thermosensitizers for TDT remains a big challenge. Here, we have found that artesunate (ARS) could produce ROS upon heating. Based on this interesting result, we have designed and prepared a pH-sensitive liposomal nanoplatform ( ICG-ARS@NPs ) composed of indocyanine green (ICG) and ARS for photoinduced TDT as well as photothermal therapy (PTT). Under the slightly acidic conditions in tumor tissues, the pH-sensitive liposomal ICG-ARS@NPs were able to release their drug cargos. Upon near-infrared irradiation, the photothermal agent ICG generated in situ hyperthermia and triggered the thermal sensitizing activity of ARS to produce ROS, resulting in damage to cancer cells and tumor tissues. The heat-induced ROS generation of ARS was also confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, because of their specific tumor targeting and synergistic photothermal and thermodynamic effects, ICG-ARS@NPs exhibited highly efficient anticancer therapeutic efficacy in H22 tumor-bearing mice. We believe that this work will promote the exploration of TDT for cancer therapy as well as the application of the old drug, artemisinin.

To further develop the biomimetic chemistry of [FeFe]- and [NiFe]-hydrogenases for catalytic proton reduction to hydrogen (H 2 ), two serials of dinuclear diiron and trinuclear NiFe 2 dithiolate complexes with chelating PCNCP ligands, namely, Fe 2 (μ-edt)(CO) 4 {κ 2 -(Ph 2 PCH 2 ) 2 NR} (1a-1c) and Fe 2 (CO) 6 (μ 3 -S) 2 Ni{(Ph 2 PCH 2 ) 2 NR} (2a-2c) where edt = SCH 2 CH 2 S and PCNCP = (Ph 2 PCH 2 ) 2 NR [R = Bu i (CH 2 CHMe 2 ), Bu t (CMe 3 ), and Bu n (CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Me)], have been synthesized in moderate yields. All the new complexes 1a-1c and 2a-2c have been fully characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. More importantly, to explore the influence of transition metal cores (i.e., nickel and iron) on the electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of hydrogenase-inspired molecular catalysts for H 2 evolution, the cyclic voltammetries (CVs) of 1a-1c and 2a-2c are studied and compared in n Bu 4 NPF 6 /DMF solution without and with acetic acid (HOAc) as a proton source. This finding suggests that (i) complexes 1a-1c and 2a-2c are all found to be active for electrocatalytic H 2 evolution, but (ii) they display the distinct redox behaviors and electrocatalytic proton reduction abilities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A magnetic targeting nanoparticle based on graphene oxide-ferroferric oxide (GO-Fe₃O₄) was investigated as a potential drug delivery vehicle. The formation of GO/Fe₃O₄ hybrid material was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The GO/Fe₃O₄ hybrid still shows a higher saturation magnetization of 58.42 emu/g after coating with graphene oxide. Drug loading and releasing experiments demonstrate the GO-Fe₃O₄ hybrid has a good loading capacity of (6.47±0.08) mg/mg for temozolomide and a satisfactory release under slightly acidic condition. The MTT assays of glioma C6 cells exhibits the GO-Fe₃O₄ hybrid does not display toxicity with the concentration ranged from 40 to 120 μg/mL in vitro , while the complex of temozolomide loaded on GO/Fe₃O₄ has a better inhibitory effect on the proliferation of rat glioma C6 cells. All results suggest the prepared GO/Fe₃O₄ has potential applications in targeted anticancer drug delivery.

Objective: The folate-modified graphene oxide (GO-FA), which had good stability and biocompatibility on rat glioma cells was successfully prepared., Methods: The formation and composition of GO-FA were confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum (FT-IR), Raman spectra and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS spectra). The cell experiment suggested good biocompatibility of GO-FA on rat glioma cells., Results: The experiment of GO-FA loading with Temozolomide (TMZ) showed that the maximum drug loading of GO-FA was 8.05 ± 0.20 mg/mg, with the drug loading rate of 89.52 ± 0.19 %. When TMZ was released from the folate-modified graphene oxide loading with temozolomide (GO-FATMZ), its release behavior in vitro showed strong pH dependence and sustained release property. The growth of rat glioma cells can be effectively inhibited by GO-FA-TMZ, with the cell inhibition rate as high as 91.72 ± 0.13 % at the concentration of 600 μg/mL and time of 72 h., Conclusion: According to the above experimental results, this composite carrier has potential applications in drug delivery and cancer therapy., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

The kinetically robust hydride [t-HFe 2 (Me 2 pdt)(CO) 2 (dppv) 2 ] + ([t-H1] + ) (Me 2 pdt 2- = Me 2 C(CH 2 S - ) 2 ; dppv = cis-1,2-C 2 H 2 (PPh 2 ) 2 ) and related derivatives were prepared with 57 Fe enrichment for characterization by NMR, FT-IR, and NRVS. The experimental results were rationalized using DFT molecular modeling and spectral simulations. The spectroscopic analysis was aimed at supporting assignments of Fe-H vibrational spectra as they relate to recent measurements on [FeFe]-hydrogenase enzymes. The combination of bulky Me 2 pdt 2- and dppv ligands stabilizes the terminal hydride with respect to its isomerization to the 5-16 kcal/mol more stable bridging hydride ([μ-H1] + ) with t 1/2 (313.3 K) = 19.3 min. In agreement with the nOe experiments, the calculations predict that one methyl group in [t-H1] + interacts with the hydride with a computed CH···HFe distance of 1.7 Å. Although [t-H 57 1] + exhibits multiple NRVS features in the 720-800 cm -1 region containing the bending Fe-H modes, the deuterated [t-D 57 1] + sample exhibits a unique Fe-D/CO band at ∼600 cm -1 . In contrast, the NRVS spectra for [μ-H 57 1] + exhibit weaker bands near 670-700 cm -1 produced by the Fe-H-Fe wagging modes coupled to Me 2 pdt 2- and dppv motions.

To characterize the antigenic epitopes of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of H1N1 influenza virus, a panel consisting of 84 clones of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated using the HA proteins from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 vaccine lysate and the seasonal influenza H1N1(A1) vaccines. Thirty-three (39%) of the 84 mAbs were found to be strain-specific, and 6 (7%) of the 84 mAbs were subtype-specific. Twenty (24%) of the 84 mAbs recognized the common HA epitopes shared by 2009 pandemic H1N1, seasonal A1 (H1N1), and A3 (H3N2) influenza viruses. Twenty-five of the 84 clones recognized the common HA epitopes shared by the 2009 pandemic H1N1, seasonal A1 (H1N1) and A3 (H3N2) human influenza viruses, and H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses. We found that of the 16 (19%) clones of the 84 mAbs panel that were cross-reactive with human respiratory pathogens, 15 were made using the HA of the seasonal A1 (H1N1) virus and 1 was made using the HA of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue microarray (TMA) showed that 4 of the 84 mAb clones cross-reacted with human tissue (brain and pancreas). Our results indicated that the influenza virus HA antigenic epitopes not only induce type-, subtype-, and strain-specific monoclonal antibodies against influenza A virus but also cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies against human tissues. Further investigations of these cross-reactive (heterophilic) epitopes may significantly improve our understanding of viral antigenic variation, epidemics, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and adverse effects of influenza vaccines., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

The nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used for the amplification of the influenza A H1N1 virus hemagglutinin monoclonal antibody light-chain and heavy-chain genes. Sequence analysis of the obtained genes was then used to identify common cloning methods of the mouse immunoglobulin-kappa (Igκ) light-chain and heavy-chain variable gene regions. Twenty-two pairs of amplification primers for the mouse Igκ light-chain and heavy-chain variable gene regions were designed, and 6 mouse anti-human H1N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin monoclonal antibody light-chain and heavy-chain variable gene regions were cloned and sequenced. Comparative analysis was conducted between our results and the mouse Ig sequences published in the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The nested PCR method effectively avoided cloning the pseudogenes of the monoclonal antibody, and the amino acid sequence obtained was consistent with the characteristics of the mouse Ig variable region. A general method of cloning the mouse Ig light-chain and heavy-chain variable gene regions was established, which provides a basis for further cloning of mouse monoclonal antibody variable gene regions. This study also provides data for further studies of H1N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin antibody binding sites.

In the title compound, C(16)H(11)F(3)O, the dihedral angle between the two rings is 48.8 (2)°. The crystal packing exhibits no classical inter-molecular inter-actions between the mol-ecules.

The [N(2)S(2)]-type ligand 1,2-(2-C(5)H(4)NCH(2)S)(2)C(6)H(4) (L) is prepared in 84% yield by a new method and its structure has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The new synthetic method involves sequential reaction of 1,2-phenylenedithiol with EtONa followed by treatment of the resulting disodium salt of 1,2-phenylenedithiol with in situ generated 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine from its HCl salt. Further treatment of ligand L with NiCl(2)·6H(2)O or NiI(2) affords the expected new mononuclear Ni complexes Ni[1,2-(2-C(5)H(4)NCH(2)S)(2)C(6)H(4)]Cl(2) (1) and Ni[1,2-(2-C(5)H(4)NCH(2)S)(2)C(6)H(4)]I(2) (3) in 87-88% yields, whereas reaction of L with NiBr(2) under similar conditions results in formation of the expected new mononuclear complex Ni[1,2-(2-C(5)H(4)NCH(2)S)(2)C(6)H(4)]Br(2) (2) and one unexpected new mononuclear complex Ni[1-(2-C(5)H(4)NCH(2)S)-2-(2-C(5)H(4)NCH(2)SC(6)H(4)S)C(6)H(4)]Br(2) (2*) in 82% and 5% yields, respectively. More interestingly, the ligand L-containing novel trinuclear NiFe(2) complex Ni{[1,2-(2-C(5)H(4)NCH(2)S)(2)C(6)H(4)}Fe(2)(CO)(6)(μ(3)-S)(2) (4) is found to be prepared by sequential reaction of (μ-S(2))Fe(2)(CO)(6) with Et(3)BHLi, followed by treatment of the resulting (μ-LiS)(2)Fe(2)(CO)(6) with mononuclear complex 1, 2, or 3 in 12-20% yields. The new complexes 1-4 and 2* are fully characterized by elemental analysis and various spectroscopies, and the crystal structures of 1, 2* and 3 as well as some electrochemical properties of 1-4 are also reported.

In the title compound, C(15)H(13)NO(3), the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 79.25 (16)°.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(14)H(11)NS, contains two mol-ecules in which the dihedral angles between the phenyl rings are 77.23 (7) and 86.30 (7)°. No aromatic π-π stacking inter-actions are observed.

In the title compound, C(8)H(6)BrNO(2), the dihedral angle between the planes of the benzene ring and the nitro group is 22.99 (12)°. In the crystal, inversion dimers associated by pairs of short Br⋯O contacts [3.2319 (17) Å] occur.

The complete mol-ecule of the title compound, C(12)H(10)ClO(2)PS, is generated by crystallographic mirror symmetry, with the P, S and Cl atoms lying on the mirror plane. The resulting PO(2)SCl tetra-hedron is significantly distorted [O-P-O = 96.79 (9)°]. The crystal packing exhibits no directional inter-actions.

In the title compound, C(19)H(15)O(2)P, the dihedral angles between the benzoic acid ring and the phenyl rings are 75.64 (7) and 80.88 (7)°; the dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 81.35 (7)°. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R(2) (2)(8) loops between the head-to-head carb-oxy-lic acid groups.

The title compound, C(13)H(12)N(4)OS·0.5C(3)H(7)NO, contains four hydrazine mol-ecules and two solvent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. The dihedral angles between the pyridine and phenyl rings in the hydrazine mol-ecules are 67.51 (16), 68.28 (16), 81.36 (15) and 83.32 (15)°. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯N, N-H⋯O and N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds.

Many long-lived radionuclides are present in groundwater at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) as a result of 828 underground nuclear weapons tests conducted between 1951 and 1992. In conjunction with a comprehensive geochemical review of radionuclides (3H, 14C, 36Cl, 99Tc and 129I) that are presumably mobile in the subsurface, we synthesized a body of radionuclide activity data measured from groundwater samples collected at 18 monitoring wells, to qualitatively assess their migration at the NTS over distances of hundreds of meters and over timescales of decades. Tritium and 36Cl showed little evidence of retardation, while the transport of 14C may have been retarded by its isotopic exchange with carbonate minerals in the aquifer. Observed local reducing conditions (either natural or test-induced) will impact the mobility of certain redox-sensitive radionuclides (especially 99Tc) that were otherwise soluble and readily transported under oxidizing conditions. Conversely, strongly oxidizing conditions may impact the mobility of 129I which is mobile under reducing conditions. The effect of iodine speciation on its transport deserves further attention. Indication of delayed transport of some "mobile" radionuclides (especially 99Tc) in the groundwater at the NTS suggested the importance of redox conditions of the natural system in controlling the fate and transport of radionuclides, which has implications in the enhanced performance of the potential Yucca Mountain repository, located adjacent to the NTS, to store high-level nuclear wastes as well as management of radionuclide contamination in legacy nuclear operations facilities.

A novel trinorguaiane-type sesquiterpene named radicol (1), together with a known sesquiterpene dictamnol (2), was isolated from the petroleum ether-EtOAc-MeOH extracts of the root of Dictamnus radicis Cortex. The structure of 1 was elucidated as 1 alpha,5 alpha-dimethyl-4 alpha,10 alpha-bicyclo[3.5.0]dec-8-en-1 beta,5 beta-diol (1) on the basis of IR, HRESIMS, 1H and 13C NMR, DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY.

Chemical investigation of the roots of Dictamnus radicis Cortex led to the isolation of a new limonoid isodictamdiol (1) and a known dictamdiol (2), the first 5S/9S-type degraded limonoids, together with other six known limonoids (3-8). The chemical structures were identified on the basis of modern spectroscopic methods, including IR, MS, NMR ((1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, (1)H-(1)H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY). Additionally, the absolute configurations of limonoid isodictamdiol (1) and dictamdiol (2) were separately elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction, as well as their circular dichroism spectra. Furthermore, all compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against three bacterial cultures.

A new neolignan glycoside named armaoside (1), together with six known compounds (2-7), have been isolated from the whole plant of Pedicularis armata Maxim. The structure of 1 was elucidated as erythro-(7S,8R)-1-(4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3,5-dimethoxyl-4-oxo-cinnamic aldehyde]propane-1, 3-diol by spectroscopic and chemical methods. All compounds were assayed against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus.