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Abstract Photoacoustic tomography offers a powerful tool to visualize biologically relevant molecules and understand processes within living systems at high resolution in deep tissue, facilitated by the conversion of incident photons into low-scattering acoustic waves through non-radiative relaxation. Although current endogenous and exogenous photoacoustic contrast agents effectively enable molecular imaging within deep tissues, their broad absorption spectra in the visible to near-infrared (NIR) range limit photoacoustic multiplexed imaging. Here, we exploit the distinct ultrasharp NIR absorption peaks of lanthanides to engineer a series of NIR photoacoustic nanocrystals. This engineering involves precise host and dopant material composition, yielding nanocrystals with sharply peaked photoacoustic absorption spectra (~3.2 nm width) and a ~10-fold enhancement in NIR optical absorption for efficient deep tissue imaging. By combining photoacoustic tomography with these engineered nanocrystals, we demonstrate photoacoustic multiplexed differential imaging with substantially decreased background signals and enhanced precision and contrast.

Abstract Localized interlayer excitons (LIXs) in two-dimensional moiré superlattices exhibit sharp and dense emission peaks, making them promising as highly tunable single-photon sources. However, the fundamental nature of these LIXs is still elusive. Here, we show the donor-acceptor pair (DAP) mechanism as one of the origins of these excitonic peaks. Numerical simulation results of the DAP model agree with the experimental photoluminescence spectra of LIX in the moiré MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayer. In particular, we find that the emission energy-lifetime correlation and the nonmonotonic power dependence of the lifetime agree well with the DAP IX model. Our results provide insight into the physical mechanism of LIX formation in moiré heterostructures and pave new directions for engineering interlayer exciton properties in moiré superlattices.

Abstract Esophageal stricture is a common complication after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions, we intend to investigate the independent risk factors of esophageal stricture after ESD by adding the data of included living habits, established a nomogram model to predict the risk of esophageal stricture, and verified it by external data. The clinical data and living habits of patients with early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions who underwent ESD in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College and Langzhong People's Hospital from March 2017 to August 2021 were retrospectively collected. The data collected from the two hospitals were used as the development group (n = 256) and the validation group (n = 105), respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine independent risk factors for esophageal stricture after ESD and establish a nomogram model for the development group. The prediction performance of the nomogram model is internally and externally verified by calculating C-Index and plotting the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calibration curve, respectively. The results showed that Age, drinking water temperature, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, the extent of esophageal mucosal defect, longitudinal diameter of resected mucosa, and depth of tissue invasion (P

Abstract Background hyperlipidemia acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) is a major hidden danger affecting human health, however, whether there is a protective effect of resveratrol on HTG-AP is unclear. Therefore our study was aimed to investigate the preventive effect and the underlying mechanism of resveratrol in the HTG-AP mice model. Methods This research was divided into two parts. In the first part, mice were adaptively fed with normal chow or HFD for 6 weeks. From the second week, resveratrol-treated mice were in intragastric administration with resveratrol (45 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks. In the second part, the procedures were the same as the first part. After the last intragastric administration with resveratrol, all mice were intraperitoneal injections of cerulean. Results We found resveratrol effectively inhibited pancreatic pathological injury in the HFD, AP, and HTG-AP mice. Resveratrol reduced the LPS, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 expressions in the HFD mice. Resveratrol also reduced TNF-α, MDA, and MCP-1 expressions and increased SOD and T-AOC expressions in the AP and HTG-AP mice. Furthermore, resveratrol suppressed the NF-κB pro-inflammatory signaling pathway in pancreatic tissues in the AP and HTG-AP mice. Moreover, resveratrol improved the gut microbiota in the HFD mice. Conclusion The resveratrol pre-treatment could attenuate pancreas injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the HTG-AP mice, via restraining the NF-κB signaling pathway and regulating gut microbiota. Therefore, Our study proved that the resveratrol pre-treatment had a preventive effect on HTG-AP.

Direct writing of active defects is a much sought-after step towards scalable quantum technologies. Here, the authors show a flexible approach by transferring momentum from an ion beam to thin films pre-deposited onto diamond surfaces (using films of Si, Ge, Sn or Pb) or fiber cores (using Eu).

Single-molecule sensing is very challenging due to weak emitted signals and environmental interference. Here the authors design a method (i-SET) for single molecule sensing with core-shell upconverting nanoparticles, which relies on signal enhancement by the activator-rich probes to quantify fluorophores attached to a single nanoparticle.

Quantum technologies are poised to move the foundational principles of quantum physics to the forefront of applications. This roadmap identifies some of the key challenges and provides insights on material innovations underlying a range of exciting quantum technology frontiers. Over the past decades, hardware platforms enabling different quantum technologies have reached varying levels of maturity. This has allowed for first proof-of-principle demonstrations of quantum supremacy, for example quantum computers surpassing their classical counterparts, quantum communication with reliable security guaranteed by laws of quantum mechanics, and quantum sensors uniting the advantages of high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, and small footprints. In all cases, however, advancing these technologies to the next level of applications in relevant environments requires further development and innovations in the underlying materials. From a wealth of hardware platforms, we select representative and promising material systems in currently investigated quantum technologies. These include both the inherent quantum bit systems and materials playing supportive or enabling roles, and cover trapped ions, neutral atom arrays, rare earth ion systems, donors in silicon, color centers and defects in wide-band gap materials, two-dimensional materials and superconducting materials for single-photon detectors. Advancing these materials frontiers will require innovations from a diverse community of scientific expertise, and hence this roadmap will be of interest to a broad spectrum of disciplines.

Presently, in the context of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, several antibiotics are overused in hospitals, causing heavy pressure on the hospital’s wastewater treatment process. Therefore, developing stable, safe, and efficient hospital wastewater treatment equipment is crucial. Herein, a bench-scale electrooxidation equipment for hospital wastewater was used to evaluate the removal effect of the main antibiotic levofloxacin (LVX) in hospital wastewater using response surface methodology (RSM). During the degradation process, the influence of the following five factors on total organic carbon (TOC) removal was discussed and the best reaction condition was obtained: current density, initial pH, flow rate, chloride ion concentration, and reaction time of 39.6 A/m2, 6.5, 50 mL/min, 4‰, and 120 min, respectively. The TOC removal could reach 41% after a reaction time of 120 min, which was consistent with the result predicted by the response surface (40.48%). Moreover, the morphology and properties of the electrode were analyzed. The degradation pathway of LVX was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Subsequently, the bench-scale electrooxidation equipment was changed into onboard-scale electrooxidation equipment, and the onboard-scale equipment was promoted to several hospitals in Dalian.

Abstract Osteoporosis is an incurable chronic disease characterized by a lack of mineral mass in the bones. Here, the full recovery of osteoporotic bone is achieved by using a calcium phosphate polymer‐induced liquid‐precursor (CaP‐PILP). This free‐flowing CaP‐PILP material displays excellent bone inductivity and is able to readily penetrate into collagen fibrils and form intrafibrillar hydroxyapatite crystals oriented along the c‐axis. This ability is attributed to the microstructure of the material, which consists of homogeneously distributed ultrasmall (≈1 nm) amorphous calcium phosphate clusters. In vitro study shows the strong affinity of CaP‐PILP to osteoporotic bone, which can be uniformly distributed throughout the bone tissue to significantly increase the bone density. In vivo experiments show that the repaired bones exhibit satisfactory mechanical performance comparable with normal ones, following a promising treatment of osteoporosis by using CaP‐PILP. The discovery provides insight into the structure and property of biological nanocluster materials and their potential for hard tissue repair.

Bulk inorganic materials play important roles in human society, and their construction is commonly achieved by the coalescence of inorganic nano- or micro-sized particles. Understanding the coalescence process promotes the elimination of particle interfaces, leading to continuous bulk phases with improved functions. In this review, we mainly focus on the coalescence of ceramic and metal materials for bulk construction. The basic knowledge of coalescent mechanism on inorganic materials is briefly introduced. Then, the properties of the inorganic precursors, which determine the coalescent behaviors of inorganic phases, are discussed from the views of particle interface, size, crystallinity, and orientation. The relationships between fundamental discoveries and industrial applications are emphasized. Based upon the understandings, the applications of inorganic bulk materials produced by the coalescence of their particle precursors are further presented. In conclusion, the challenges of particle coalescence for bulk material construction are presented, and the connection between recent fundamental findings and industrial applications is highlighted, aiming to provide an insightful outlook for the future development of functional inorganic materials.

Color centers in diamond are promising solid-state qubits for scalable quantum photonics applications. Amongst many defects, those with inversion symmetry are of an interest due to their promising optical properties. In this work, we demonstrate a maskless implantation of an array of bright, single germanium vacancy (GeV) centers in diamond. Employing the direct focused ion beam technique, single GeV emitters are engineered with the spatial accuracy of tens of nanometers. The single GeV creation ratio reaches as high as 53% with the dose of 200 Ge ^+ ions per spot. The presented fabrication method is promising for future nanofabrication of integrated photonic structures with GeV emitters as a leading platform for spin-spin interactions.

With the rapid ageing of the population, the number of older adults with two or more chronic diseases is increasing. There are individual differences in health assessment, diagnosis, treatment, health management, and medication safety for older adults with chronic conditions and multiple morbidities. Managing these conditions poses increasingly complex challenges for the healthcare system. Developing effective community health management models specifically designed for older adults with multiple chronic diseases is crucial for improving their overall health. This study provides a comprehensive review of the progress in research on community health management models for older adults with multiple chronic diseases, aiming to offer valuable insights for health management in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations in Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) has an unfavorable prognosis. Recently, using newly emerging inhibitors of FLT3 has led to improved outcomes of patients with FLT3-ITD mutations. However, drug resistance and relapse continue to be significant challenges in the treatment of patients with FLT3-ITD mutations. This study aimed to evaluate the antileukemic effects of shikonin (SHK) and its mechanisms of action against AML cells with FLT3-ITD mutations in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The CCK-8 assay was used to analyze cell viability, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and differentiation. Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to examine the expression of certain proteins and genes. Leukemia mouse model was created to evaluate the antileukemia effect of SHK against FLT3-ITD mutated leukemia in vivo. Results: After screening a series of leukemia cell lines, those with FLT3-ITD mutations were found to be more sensitive to SHK in terms of proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction than those without FLT3-ITD mutation. SHK suppresses the expression and phosphorylation of FLT3 receptors and their downstream molecules. Inhibition of the NF-κB/miR-155 pathway is an important mechanism through which SHK kills FLT3-AML cells. Moreover, a low concentration of SHK promotes the differentiation of AML cells with FLT3-ITD mutations. Finally, SHK could significantly inhibit the growth of MV4-11 cells in leukemia bearing mice. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that SHK may be a promising drug for the treatment of FLT3-ITD mutated AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA‐A*11:463 has one nucleotide change from HLA‐A*11:01:01:01 at nucleotide 508 changing Lysine (146) to Glutamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]